What are erosion & deposition?
What are the agents of erosion?
What is a glacier?

Erosion= pick up & carry soil and rock from one place to another

Sediment= bits of rock & substances carried by erosion & created by weathering

Deposition= drop sediment in a different place

Geologic cycle= E&D changes the Earth’s surface by carrying sediment to diff. places and drops it…work as sculptors of the Earth…ssslllloooooooooow repeating process

“agent”= force that causes E&D
1) Running water & waves
2) Glaciers (ice)
3) Gravity
4) Wind
* from strongest to weakest*

Glacier= ginormous, colossal chunk of ice that moves slowly over the land.

Form when lots of snow packs

together and compresses into ice several 100 feet deep

Form where more snow falls than can melt…high mountains
& the polar regions

2 types of glacier:
1) Continental glacier= glacier that covers a continent

Ice ages cause them to expand over more land surface

Cover 10% of Earth’s land today…Greenland &
Antarctica

Spread out like pancake batter or an egg

BIGGEST glaciers!

AKA ice caps

Melt back & reform w/ the seasons
2) Valley glacier= long narrow glaciers that form in high altitude valleys

Can be up to 10 km long

Cannot spread in all directions b/c of the mtns

How do glaciers erode the land?
What are some landforms caused by glacial erosion?
What are some landforms caused by glacial deposition?

Flow-move as much as 6 km/yr

Move a few cm’s a day
3)
1) Plucking= glaciers picking/pulling up loose rock which then flow w/the glacier b/c they freeze to the bottom
2) Abrasion= rocks scraping against bedrock, wearing & carving it down

The rocks are “tools” for carving the ground under the glacier

Horn= pointy mtn peak carved by a glacier

Cirque= bowl-shaped place where a glacier started…origin of a glacier: tarn= cirque lake

Arệte= sharp, pointy ridge btwn cirques

U-shaped valley= bowl-like valley

Glaciers melt to deposit sediment

Till= sediment dropped by a

What is gravity? glacier…ALL glacial deposition landforms are made of till

Moraine= perpendicular mound of till

Drumlin= parallel mound of till; formed w/the flow

Kettle= bowl depression left after a chunk of glacial ice melts

Kettle can fill w/H
2
O making a kettle lake

Fjord= coastal glacier carved valley that fills with sea water after the glacier melts.

Terminus=the front end of the glacier

Calving= when chunks fall off a glacier-creates ice bergs

Erratic= random boulder dropped by a glacier in an odd spot

Kame= random mound of till

Esker= winding hill of till left by a stream in or under a glacier…like a snake

Gravity= force that pulls things down toward the center of the

How does gravity erode the land?
(diagram of each in margin)
What are gravity erosional landforms? earth.

Gravity makes all other agents of erosion work b/c deposition is putting something down

Mass movement= mvmt of sediment downhill; big chunks all @ once! Or slow slip of small pieces!

3 types:
1) Land/mud/rockslide= unpredictable, dangerous, rapid flow of material down a hill which can happen after earthquakes & big storms
2) Slump= a chunk of land that releases & “sits” in one quick motion
3) Creep= SSLLOOOWWWW slip of ground downhill which causes trees to tilt, roads to bend, power lines to get crooked

Sinkhole= sudden ground collapse caused by ground water eroding away supporting

What are depositional landforms?
What did I learn from the video,
Landslide?
What are ocean waves? layers of dirt

Landscarp…land scar= mark left
 by a landslide or slump
Rubble= pile of rock & dirt left behind by gravitational erosion
How do waves erode
& deposit?
What are wave erosional landforms?

Ocean waves= mass of water that moves forward and back on a beach, carrying sediment

Created by winds which push the water, giving it energy

Erode by impact on rocks which break them up

Erode by abrasion on rock which grinds them away

Deposit by slowing down which causes sediment to drop

Works like a claw against the coast line
1) Sea cave= hollowed out space in a cliff
2) Sea arch= a carved path through a headland=a piece of

land jutting out into the ocean
3) Sea stack= tower where a sea arch broke off