Student Notes for [History and Career Opportunities]
Becoming aware of the history of cosmetology will help us understand current trends and also plan for success in the future. We must
also understand what our own goals and objectives are in the field of cosmetology (or related discipline) before we can put into place
a plan of action for success. As we learn more about this new chosen profession, our goals will change and grow as will our action
plan. Let's take a look where this great industry began and what the future holds for you in your new career.
Inspirational thought for the day:
"Everyone got where he is has had to begin where he was. "
-Robert Louis Stevenson
Presentation
I. WHAT IS A COSMETOLOGY PROFESSIONAL? Cosmetology encompasses the broad range of specialty areas including hairstyling, nail technology, and esthetics.
Advice Giver – Professional Expert in practical skills areas
- Artistic Design Creator
- Trustworthy
- Businessperson
- Self-promoter
- Poised and well-groomed
- Effective CommunicatorBeing current with trends and technologies
.
II. EARLY HISTORY
Cosmetology:
a. Art and a Science of beautification and improving the skin , hair and nails
b. Also the study of cosmetics and their applications
c. This field is recognized as one of the oldest professions in the world.
d. Derived from the Greek word kosmetikos, which means "skilled in the use of cosmetics"
BARBERING
a)
A.
The term "barber" is derived from the Latin word barba, which means "the beard" or "the hair of the beard."
ARCHEOLOGICAL STUDIES
Reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced as early as the Ice Age, over 10,000 years ago
IMPLEMENTS
1. Sharpened flints]
2. Oyster shells
3. Bone
4. Animal sinew
5. Strips of hide.
B.
EGYPTIANS
o They were the first we know of to use cosmetics for beautification,
religious ceremonies,
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and preparation of the deceased for burial,
extracting herbal and flower essences through distillation.
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The first evidence of nail care was prior to 3000 BC in Egypt and China.
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Egyptian men and women of high social rank stained their nails with red-orange henna.
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Kings and queens wore deep red; lower rank wore only pale colors.
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They used minerals, insects, berries, tree bark, nuts, herbs, and leaves to color hair, skin, and nails
C.
Chinese
During the Shang Dynasty (1600 BC),
o Chinese aristocrats rubbed tinted mixture of gum Arabic, gelatin,
beeswax and egg whites onto their nails to turn them crimson or ebony.
In the Chou Dynasty (1100
o BC) gold and silver were the royal colors.
D.
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GREEKS _
E.
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ROMANS
F.
MIDDLE AGES
During the Golden Age (500 BC)
o hairstyling became a highly developed art.
o They used perfumes and cosmetics in religious rites, grooming, and
for medicinal purposes.
o They built elaborate baths and excellent methods
of dressing hair and caring for skin and nails.
o Women wore white lead on their faces, kohl on their eyes, and vermilion on their cheeks and lips.
o The red pigment was made by grinding cinnabar, a mineral that is the chief
source of mercury, to a fine powder.
o It was mixed with ointment or dusted on the skin the same way as modern-day cosmetics
Made lavish use of fragrances and cosmetics.
They used facials made of milk and bread or fine wine.
Other facials were made of corn, flour and milk or fresh butter
.A mixture of chalk and white lead was used as a facial cosmetic.
o Hair color indicated class in society.
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Noblewomen wore red;
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middle-class women wore blonde;
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Poor women wore black.
Romans developed methods for bleaching and dyeing hair.
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o
\
Began in 476 AD and lasted until about 1450.
Tapestries, sculptures, and artifacts show towering headdresses,
intricate hairstyles, and the use of cosmetics on skin and hair.
Women wore colored makeup on their cheeks and lips, but not their eyes
o
G. RENAISSANCE

Period when Western civilization made transition from medieval to
modern history.
o They shaved their eyebrows and hairline to show a great
expanse of forehead for a look of greater intelligence.
o Men and women wore elaborate, elegant clothing.
o Fragrances and cosmetics were used.
o Highly colored preparations for lips, cheeks, and eyes were discouraged.
o Hair was carefully dressed and adorned with ornaments or headdresses.
H. VICTORIAN AGE 1837–1901.
This was one of the more austere and restrictive periods in history.
o Makeup and showy clothing were discouraged.
o Women used facial masks and packs of honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits,
o vegetables, and other natural ingredients.
o Women pinched their cheeks and bit their lips to induce natural color rather than use cosmetics.
J.THE BARBER POLE
The barber pole is the symbol of the barber surgeon and results from the bloodletting procedure.
1. Pole = the staff Patients held a staff tightly in order for the veins in the arm to stand out.
2. Bottom = basin Basin was the vessel that caught the blood.
3.White bandages = stop blood the stained bandages would twist around the pole forming the red/white candy-cane pattern. Another interpretation is
that the red represented the blood, blue the veins, and white the bandages.
Barbers still use the symbol today.
20TH CENTURY
The invention of motion pictures changed the standards of feminine beauty. The era also brought a new prosperity to the Unite d States and all forms of
beauty began to follow trends.
1901-1910
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Max Factor introduced makeup that wouldn’t cake or crack.
Charles Nessler invented a heavily wired machine that supplied
electrical current to metal rods for perm waving.
Madame C. J. Walker began selling her scalp conditioning and healing treatment called
“Madam Walker’s Wonderful Hair Grower.
”In 1910, she moved her company to Indianapolis where she built a factory, hair salon, and training school.
1920s
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Cosmetic advertising expenditures soared and became one of the largest sources
for advertising dollars in women's magazines by end of 1920s.
1930s
The preheat perm method was introduced in 1931.
1932,
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Ralph L. Evans and Everett G. McDonough invented the first machine
less permanent wave using chemicals and moistened pads.
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Charles Revson marketed the first nail polish (as opposed to stain).
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Also, Lawrence Gelb introduced the first permanent haircolor product
and found the company still known today as Clairol.
1940s
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The cold wave method of permanent waving was introduced.
1951-2000
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Tube mascara was introduced.
Weekly hair appointments boomed and then died.
Vidal Sassoon introduced geometric cuts.
Hair weaving with foils was introduced and hair color became gentler.
Spa pedicures first offered in 1998.
21 st Century
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This century brought the age of specialization, day spas and men's specialty spas.
Once you've graduated from school, the opportunities are almost endless.
IV. A CAREER IN HAIRSTYLING
A. Haircolor Specialist
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You may become the color specialist and trainer within your salon or even for a product manufacturer.
B. Texture Specialist
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You may become the texture specialist and trainer within your salon or even for a product manufacturer.
C. Cutting Specialist
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After you develop you own unique way of cutting hair, you will want to continue to learn and train with other well-known haircutters.
You may become a trainer within your own salon for haircutting.
D. Salon Trainer
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You may be hired by a product company or large salon chain to work as a salon trainer.
Training may range from technical training to management training to interpersonal skills training.
A.Distributor Sales Consultant-Also known as a DSC.
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You may be hired by a distributorship to perform training on products, trends, and techniques in the salons they serve.
B.Cosmetology Instructor
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After attaining success in the salon, you may feel called to share your knowledge with others.
One way to do that is by working as an Instructor in a licensed school.
C.Salon Management Opportunities include:
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.
Inventory manager, department head, educator, special events manager, assistant manager, and general manager
With experience, you could add "salon owner" to your list of career opportunities.
D.Other Opportunities-
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Product educator; distributor; freelance editorial makeup artist, hairstyling, or nail technician for photo shoots, film, and more; school
instructor; retail cosmetics salesperson or manager; medical esthetician
Beyond defining your area of expertise, you should decide whether you want to work in a specialty salon, full-service salon, or day spa
SUMMARY AND REVIEW
The world of cosmetology offers limitless opportunities and a wide variety of career avenues from which to choose. It may interest you to know that the industry
grossed $59.4 billion in revenue in 2005 according to the 2006 Green Book. You can enjoy a substantial "chunk" of that money if you are dependable, ambitious,
willing to work hard and develop the technical skills and personal characteristics necessary to achieve success. The positive behaviors necessary to achieve
your desired level of success will not develop overnight. It is essential that you begin practicing success behaviors and patterns while you are in school so that
you will be more competitive when you enter the workforce in a few short months.
Let's review:
1. What are the origins of appearance enhancement?
2. Name the advancements made in cosmetology during the 19th and 20th centuries.
3. List some of the career opportunities available for licensed beauty practitioners.