Experiment to Verify Snell's Law of Refraction and to Estimate the Speed of Light
inside a Transparent Plastic Block (Topic 4)
Criteria Assessed: DCP, CE, MS
Time allowed: 1.5h
Name: ________________________
Internal Assessment
Criteria
Aspect 1
Aspect 2
Aspect 3
Total
DCP
CE
Aim: To verify Snell’s Law of refraction and to estimate the speed of light inside a transparent plastic block.
Snell’s Law:
𝒏𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝟏 = 𝒏𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝟐
where n1 is the refractive index of medium 1
or
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝟏
𝒄𝟏
=
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝟐
𝒄𝟐
n2 is the refractive index of medium 1
θ1 is the incident angle
θ2 is the refraction angle
c1 is the speed of light in medium 1
c2 is the speed of light in medium 2
The refractive index of the transparent plastic block is therefore:
𝒏𝟐,𝟏 =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽𝟐
The critical angle can also be used to determine the refractive index of the transparent plastic block.
𝒏𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌 =
𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽𝒄
Method:
Verify Snell’s Law and find the refractive index.
1. Using the special apparatus provided, measure the angles of
refraction corresponding to a wide range of angles of incidence.
Remember, the angles of incidence and refraction are always
measured from a normal line.
2. Adjust the position of the light source carefully to ensure that
when the angle of incidence is zero, the angle of refraction is also zero
3. Plot a suitable graph to verify Snell's Law.
4. Use the graph to find the refractive index of the plastic and hence calculate the speed of light inside the plastic.
(Assume that the speed of light in air is the same as the
speed of light in a vacuum, 3×108ms-1.)
Estimate the critical angle of incidence for light passing from
this plastic to air.
1. Use the apparatus arranged to measure the critical angle of
incidence.
Analysis:
In your report, explain
a) why it is convenient to have a semi-circular plastic block
b) why the block must be turned through 180° (as shown in the second diagram) to measure the critical angle of
incidence
c) what is the main difficulty in measuring the angles of refraction (especially noticeable when the angle of refraction is
large).
Note: don’t forget to present all results with their uncertainties and calculate all errors.
A full write up is required for the lab. This sheet is the cover sheet for the lab.
Data collection and processing
Aspect 1
Recording raw data
Levels/marks
Complete/2
Partial/1
Not at all/0
Records appropriate quantitative and
associated qualitative raw data, including units
and uncertainties where relevant.
Records appropriate quantitative and
associated qualitative raw data, but with some
mistakes or omissions.
Does not record any appropriate quantitative
raw data or raw data is incomprehensible.
Aspect 2
Processing raw data
Aspect 3
Presenting processed data
Processes the quantitative raw data
correctly.
Processes quantitative raw data, but
with some mistakes and/or omissions.
No processing of quantitative raw data
is carried out or major mistakes are
made in processing.
Presents processed data appropriately
and, where relevant, includes errors
and uncertainties.
Presents processed data appropriately,
but with some mistakes and/or
omissions.
Presents processed data
inappropriately or incomprehensibly.
Conclusion and evaluation
Levels/marks
Complete/2
Partial/1
Not at all/0
Aspect 1
Concluding
Aspect 2
Evaluating procedure(s)
Aspect 3
Improving the investigation
States a conclusion, with justification, based
on a reasonable interpretation of the data.
States a conclusion based on a reasonable
interpretation of the data.
Evaluates weaknesses and limitations.
Suggests realistic improvements in respect
of identified weaknesses and limitations.
Suggests only superficial improvements.
States no conclusion or the conclusion is
based on an unreasonable interpretation of
the data.
Identifies some weaknesses and
limitations, but the evaluation is weak
or missing.
Identifies irrelevant weaknesses and
limitations.
Suggests unrealistic improvements.