Topic 5 Quiz
Name_____________________
Figure 1 below shows the estimated percentage weight for waste by sector for the United
Kingdom in 2001.
Figure 1
13 %
industrial
20 %
agriculture
24 %
demolition and construction
21 %
mining and quarrying
6%
commercial
7%
household
1%
sewage sludge
8%
dredged material
[Source: DEFRA, National Statistics, 2003]
(a)
Suggest what type of material accounts for most agricultural waste.
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(1)
(b)
The total waste for the United Kingdom in 2001 was estimated at 430 million tonnes.
Calculate the weight of waste (to the nearest million tonne) for agriculture and
industrial combined.
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(2)
Figure 2 below shows changing trends in recycling from 1984 to 2002 in kilograms per
person per year.
Figure 2
Waste not recycled
Waste recycled/composted
Total Waste
1984
394
3
397
1992
417
11
428
2000
455
52
507
2001
455
58
513
2002
455
65
520
[Source: DEFRA, National Statistics, 2003]
(c)
(i)
In which year was the greatest percentage of waste recycled?
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(1)
(ii) What was the percentage of waste recycled in the year you have named in (c) (i)?
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(1)
(d)
Suggest two reasons why attitudes to recycling may have changed between 1984 and
2002 in more economically developed countries (MEDCs).
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(2)
(e)
Identify a negative environmental trend from the data in Figure 2.
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
The table below shows the different types of domestic waste and the amounts produced per
capita each year in a city in a developed country.
Material type
Examples
Waste produced
per capita / kg yr–1
Organic material
garden waste, food/kitchen waste, wood
Paper
newspaper, writing paper, packaging,
cardboard, milk cartons
91.2
Plastics
soft drink bottles, plastic bags, plastic
containers
25.1
Glass
jars, bottles, plate glass
23.9
Metals
steel cans, aluminium packaging and
cans, copper pipes
14.4
Household hazardous
paint, dry cell batteries, car batteries,
fluorescent light bulbs
1.9
Miscellaneous
ceramics (bricks, tiles etc.) rock, ash, soil
Total
188
10.2
354.7
[Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data]
(a)
Calculate the proportion of paper, glass, plastics and organic material combined as a
percentage of total waste.
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(1)
(b)
Outline and evaluate strategies for the management of the domestic waste in the table
above.
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(3)
(Total 4 marks)
The graph below shows the per capita waste generation rate for different household sizes.
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
per capita
generation /
kg day–1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Number of persons in household
Number of persons in household
[Source: modified from Rhyner et al. (1995), Waste Management and Resource Recovery, CRC Press, page 30]
(a)
Describe and explain the data shown in the graph.
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(3)
(b)
Outline four strategies which could reduce the problem of solid waste in your local
area.
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(4)
(Total 7 marks)