Geoscience 240 – Lab 7 Sedimentary Structures, Facies, Transport, Deformation and Trace Fossils
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LAB 7: SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES, FACIES, TRANSPORT,
DEFORMATION & TRACE FOSSILS: PART 2
Sediments are often deposited by flowing water or beneath water. As deposited they are usually
saturated (all pore spaces filled by water) but some clayey sediments can be deposited so slowly that they
may hold more water than they do solid mineral matter.
There are two parts to this lab:
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Part 1: Examination, measuring, drawing and interpreting sedimentary structures from diverse
environments including: bedding (laminar, wavy, lenticular), concretions, cross beds, flame
structures, graded beds, hard ground, lode casts, mud cracks, ripple marks, rip up clasts,
sedimentary massive sulphides, sedimentary mineralization, soft sediment deformation,
turbidites and trace fossils (burrows, grazing trails). Note the formation and source of samples.
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Part 2: Exercises from Ancient Environments including:
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A. Clastic sediment evolution on triangular diagrams
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B. Introduction to strip logs for common stratigraphic sequences and depositional facies
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C. Facies maps
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D. Constructing your own strip logs
The 2nd part is supported by the out of print Ancient Environment lab books and on line copies and facies
foldouts. While this second part may be done as homework, it helps to work through this in groups so you
can discuss the various alternatives and learn how to think about these concepts with the help of some
spare brains!
PART 2: SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS, FACIES & STRIP LOGS
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