1.
INTRODUCTION
Congratulations and welcome to the Phase II Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) Programme. Phase II is
the clinical training designed to nurture students as leaders in oral health care at national and
international levels. The Melaka campus is dedicated to provide value-based dental education utilizing
up-to-date technologies to ensure student satisfaction in acquiring clinical experience required for
general dental practice.
The newly completed 50 million dental building housed modern dental clinical facilities to cater for
professional clinical training of year 3 to 5. This 10-storey building shall be the heart of activities for
dental students. The infrastructure include Student Polyclinics (Teaching Clinic) with 51 dental units each
at the third, fourth and fifth floor. A well-equipped Prosthetic Laboratory at level seven promises a
world of experience for the fabrication of dental prostheses.
Hospital dentistry, community programmes, general medicine and general surgery postings have been
arranged with collaborative agencies to facilitate teaching-learning activities. The arranged postings
allow acquisition of knowledge, clinical skills and effective communication skills in the real working
environment. The faculty is obliged to fulfill the vision & mission of the university and the FOD.
MANIPAL UNIVERSITY
Vision: To attain Global leadership in human development, excellence in education and healthcare.
Mission: Be the most preferred choice of students, faculty and industry. Be in the top 10 in every
discipline of education, health sciences, engineering and management by 2010
FACULTY OF DENTISTRY
Vision: To be leaders in oral health care at national and international level
Mission: Provide value-based dental education and comprehensive oral health care at par with
international standards in a conducive environment utilizing state of the art technology to ensure
satisfaction of students, patients and staff while striving to continually improve dental education, patient
care, research, infrastructure and human resources to set a bench mark at national as well as
international levels.
2.
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES
At the end of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery programme, students are able to:
i.
Apply sound knowledge of the scientific foundation on which dentistry is based upon to practice
effective, efficient and safe dentistry.
ii.
Practice general dentistry independently with good clinical skills.
iii.
Empower patients and the community to participate in making health decisions.
iv.
Apply professional ethical values in all aspects of professional life and comply with the Dental Act
with regards to the practice of dentistry.
v.
Carry out teamwork, collaborative learning, clinical reasoning and information literacy to
communicate effectively with peers, health personnel, patients, communities, and lead the dental
health team in the community.
vi.
Analyze, hypothesize and present the solution of a problem through collaborative learning in
solving oral health issues of individuals and communities via critical and analytical application of
scientific evidence and up-to-date techniques.
vii.
Apply the principles of life-long learning and continuing professional development in dentistry.
viii.
Plan and manage the dental clinic and community programmes to improve the oral health related
quality of life of the community.
3.
STRUCTURE
The structure for the year 3, 4 and 5 of the BDS course is illustrated below. Please refer to appendix 1, 2
& 3 for detail term structure for academic sessions of 2012-13, 2013 -14 & 2014-2015 respectively.
SEMESTER
ACTIVITY
DURATION
1
Orientation
1 week
Teaching-Learning
21 weeks
Midterm vacation
2 weeks
Teaching-Learning
21 Weeks
Study leave
2 weeks
University examination
2 weeks
Annual Vacation
3 weeks
2
4. ACTIVITY
The tables below illustrate the template for daily activities of year 3, 4 and 5.
Year 3 and Year 4
DAY
TIME
8.00 - 10.00
am
10.30 - 1.00
pm
1.00 - 2.00
pm
2.00 - 5.00
pm
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
Lecture
Lecture
Lecture
Lecture
Lecture
Clinic
Clinic
Clinic
Clinic
Clinic
LUNCH BREAK
Seminar/Lectur
e
Clinic/lab
Clinic/lab
Clinic
PBL/MQA
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
Lecture
Clinic
Seminar
Clinic
Clinic (GDP)
Clinic
Clinic (GDP)
Clinic
Lecture
Clinic/lab
Lecture
Clinic
LUNCH BREAK
Clinic/lab
Clinic
PBL/MQA
Year 5
DAY
TIME
8.00 - 10.00 am
10.30 - 1.00 pm
1.00 - 2.00 pm
2.00 - 5.00 pm
Note: Friday lunch break is scheduled at 12.45 pm and the afternoon session starts at 2.30 pm.
5. CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT
Subjects taught in each academic year will be assessed continuously in both the theory and practical
aspect. The marks will be carried to the professional examination of respective subjects. Different
weightage will be awarded for each examination and a total of 30% will be carried to the professional
examination.
Table1: Weightage for Block tests and Sessional exams for different subjects taught in Phase II, Melaka
Campus
Sl No.
1.
Subject
Oral Pathology
Academic year
3rd BDS
2.
Human Disease
3rd BDS
3.
Oral Medicine
3rd BDS
4th BDS
4.
Community Dentistry
3rd BDS
4th BDS
5.
Oral & Maxillofacial
Surgery
3rd BDS
4th BDS
Oral Radiology
3rd BDS
4th BDS
6.
Prosthodontics/
Periodontics/
Conservative &
Endodontics
3rd BDS
4th BDS
5th BDS
7.
Pedodontics
3rd BDS
4th BDS
5th BDS
Orthodontics
3rd BDS
4th BDS
5th BDS
Test
Block I
Block II
Block III
Sessional exam
Block II – Medicine
Block II - Surgery
Sessional exam (combined)
Block I
Block II
Block III
Block I
Block II
Sessional exam
Block I
Block II
Block III
Block I
Block II
Sessional exam
Block I
Block II
Block III
Block I
Block II
Sessional exam
Block I
Block II
Block III
Block I
Block II
Sessional exam
Block II
Block III
Block II
Block III
Block II
Sessional exam
Block II
Block III
Block II
Block III
Block II
Sessional exam
Block II
Block III
Block II
Block III
Block II
Sessional exam
Theory (30)
5
-10
15
6/15
6/15
18
5
5
-5
-15
5
-5
5
-15
4
4
-4
-12
--1
1
1
3
-5
5
-5
15
-3
3
-3
9
-2
2
-2
6
Practical/ clinical (30)
-10
-20
6/15
6/15
18
--5
-10
15
-5
--10
15
--4
-8
12
--1
-2
3
5
--10
-15
3
--6
-9
---6
-6
6. FINAL PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION
In phase II of the BDS programme, there will be three (3) professional examinations at the end of every
calendar year. Professional 3, Professional 4 and Professional 5 examination shall be held at the end of
year 3, year 4 and year 5 respectively.
6.1 Professional 3 examination
The Professional 3 Examination consists of 2 courses:
- Human Disease (General Medicine and General Surgery)
- Oral Pathology
6.1.1 Human disease
Professional examination for Human Disease assesses General Surgery and General Medicine together in
one paper.
Assessments
a. Theory paper
1. Modified Essay Question (MEQ)

1.5 hr

Three (3) scenario or case-based questions of 30 minutes each

One from each discipline and one integrated question
2. Short Answer Questions (SAQ)

1.5 hr

Six (6) 15-minute questions

Three (3) Questions each from Medicine and Surgery
3. Multiple Choice Question I (MCQ I)

One best answer with five choices

Thirty (30) questions from Surgery
4. Multiple Choice Question II (MCQ II)

One best answer with five choices

Thirty (30) questions from Medicine
b. Practical /clinical
1. Long case (1 hr)
For each student:
Forty (40) minutes of history taking and physical examination (clerking)
Twenty (20) minutes of case presentation, questions and answers
Type of cases
Either Surgical-based or Medical-based cases
Examiner
Two examiners from each discipline
2. Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)

Six (6) ten-minute stations(3 stations for Surgery and 3 stations for Medicine)
c. Marking Scheme
1. Internal Examination (Continuous Assessments)

Theory (30%)
 Block II Surgery (Theory) (6%)
 Block II Medicine (Theory) (6%)
 Sessional Exam (18%)

Practical (30%)
 Block II Surgery (Practical) (6%)
 Block II Medicine (Practical) (6%)
 Sessional Exam (18%)
2. 3rd Professional Examination (70%)

Theory paper (70%)




MEQ (20%)
SAQ (20%)
MCQ I (15%)
MCQ II (15%)

Practical (70%)
 Long case (40%)
 OSCE (30%)
6.1.2 Oral Pathology
The professional examination contributes 70% of the total marks. It consists of theory and practical
examination.
Assessments
a. Theory paper
1. Essay (1.5 hr)

Part A: Two (2) thirty minutes scenario/case-based questions

Part B: Two (2) fifteen minutes short answer questions
2. MCQ (1 hr)

One best answer from five choices

Thirty (30) questions
b. Practical
1. OSPE (1hr)

Twelve stations of five minutes each
c. Marking Scheme
i. Continuous Assessment (30%)

Theory (30%)
 Block I (5%)
 Block III (10%)
 Sessional Exam (15%)

Practical (30%)
 Block II (10%)
 Sessional Exam (20%)
ii. 3rd Professional Examination (70%)

Theory (70%)
 Essay (40%)
 MCQ (30%)

Practical (70%)
 OSPE (70%)
6.2 Professional 4 Examination
The Professional 4 Examination consists of 3 courses:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology
- Community Dentistry
- Oral Medicine
6.2.1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery will be assessed together with Oral Radiology during fourth professional
examination. However, the continuous assessment of both subjects will be assessed separately. In total,
80% weightage is given to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and 20% weightage is given to Oral Radiology.
A pass in oral and maxillofacial and oral radiology is mandatory.
Assessments
a. Theory paper
1. Essay (1.5hr)
Part A: Two (2) thirty minutes scenario/case-based questions

1 question from Oral and maxillofacial surgery (30 marks)

1 integrated question from Oral and maxillofacial surgery (27 marks) and Radiology(3 marks)
Part B: Two (2) fifteen minutes short answer questions

1 question from Oral and maxillofacial surgery(15 marks)

1 question from Radiology(15 marks)
2. MCQ (1hr)

One best answer with five choices

Thirty (30) questions

24 questions from Oral and maxillofacial surgery

6 questions from Radiology
b. Practical

OSCE (1hr)

Twelve stations of five minutes each

9 stations for Oral and maxillofacial surgery

2 stations for Radiology

1 integrated station for Oral and maxillofacial surgery and Radiology
b. Marking Scheme
i. Continuous Assessment (30%)

Theory (30%)
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (24%)

Block II year 3 (4%)

Block III year 3 (4%)

Block I year 4 (4%)

Sessional Exam year 4 (12%)
Oral Radiology (6%)

Block I year 3 (1%)

Block II year 3 (1%)

Block I year 4 (1%)

Sessional Exam year 4 (3%)

Practical (30%)
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (24%)

Block III year 3 (4%)

Block II year 4 (8%)

Sessional Exam year 4 (12%)
Oral Radiology (6%)

Block III year 3 (1%)

Block II year 4 (2%)

Sessional Exam Year 4 (3%)
ii. Professional 4 Examination (70%)

Theory (70%)

Essay (40%)

MCQ (30%)

Practical (70%)

OSCE (70%)
6.2.2 Community Dentistry
This examination is scheduled at the end of year 4 for both theory and practical. It contributes 70% of
overall total. The sum of continuous assessment (30%) and Professional 4 BDS Examination (70%) gives
an overall total of 100% in both theory and practical respectively.
Assessments
a. Theory paper
1. Essay (1.5 hr)

Part A: Two (2) thirty minutes scenario/case-based questions

Part B: Two (2) fifteen minutes short answer questions
2. MCQ (1 hr)

One best answer with five choices

Thirty (30) questions
b. Practical
1. OSCE (1hr)

Twelve stations of five minutes each
c. Marking Scheme
i. Continuous Assessment (30%)

Theory (30%)

Block I year 3 (5%)

Block II year 3 (5%)

Block I year 4 (5%)

Sessional examination year 4 (15%)

Practical (30%)

Block II year 3 (5%)

Block II year 4 (10%)

Sessional examination year 4 (15%)
ii. Professional 4 examination (70%)

Theory (70%)

Essay (40%)

MCQ (30%)
Practical (70%)

OSCE
6.2.3 Oral Medicine
The professional examination for oral medicine shall be held at the end of year 4 for both theory and
practical. It contributes 70% to overall total while the sum of continuous assessment contributes 30%.
Assessments
a. Theory paper
1. Essay (1.5hr)

Part A: Two (2) thirty minutes scenario/case-based questions

Part B: Two (2) fifteen minutes short answer questions
2. MCQ (1hr)

One best answer with five choices

Thirty (30) questions
b. Practical
1. OSCE (1hr)

Twelve stations of five minutes each
c. Marking Scheme
i. Continuous Assessment (30%)

Theory (30%)

Block I year 3 (5%)

Block II year 3 (5%)

Block I year 4 (5%)

Sessional Exam year 4 (15%)

Practical (30%)

Block III year 3 (5%)

Block II year 4 (10%)

Sessional Exam year 4 (15%)
ii. Professional 4 Examination (70%)
Theory (70%)

Essay (40%)

MCQ (30%)
Practical (70%)

OSCE
6.3 Professional 5 Examination
The Professional 5 Examination consists of 4 courses:
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic
- Prosthodontics
- Periodontics
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics
6.3.1 Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic
The professional examination for conservative dentistry and endodontic shall be held at the end of year
5 for both theory and practical.
Assessments
a. Theory paper
1. Essay (1.5hr)

Part A: Two (2) thirty minutes scenario/case-based questions

Part B: Two (2) fifteen minutes short answer questions
2. MCQ (1hr)

One best answer with five choices

Thirty (30) questions
b. Practical
1. OSCE (1hr)

Twelve stations of five minutes each
c. Marking Scheme
i. Continuous Assessment (30%)

Theory (30%)

Block III year 3 (5%)

Block II year 4 (5%)

Block II year 5 (5%)

Sessional Exam year 5 (15%)

Practical (30%)

Block II year 3 (5%)

Block III year 4 (10%)

Sessional Exam year 5 (15%)
ii. Professional 5 Examination (70%)
Theory (70%)

Essay (40%)

MCQ (30%)
Practical (70%)

OSCE
6.3.2 Prosthodontics
The professional examination for Prosthodontics shall be held at the end of year 5 for both theory and
practical.
Assessments
a. Theory paper
1. Essay (1.5hr)
Part A: Two (2) thirty minutes scenario/case-based questions
Part B: Two (2) fifteen minutes short answer questions
2. MCQ (1hr)

One best answer with five choices

Thirty (30) questions
b. Practical
1. OSCE (1hr)

Twelve stations of five minutes each
c. Marking Scheme
i. Continuous Assessment (30%)

Theory (30%)

Block III year 3 (5%)

Block II year 4 (5%)

Block II year 5 (5%)

Sessional Exam year 5 (15%)

Practical (30%)

Block III year 4 (10%)

Sessional exam year 4 (15%)
ii. Professional 5 examination

Theory (70%)

Essay (40%)

MCQ (30%)

Practical (70%)

OSCE
6.3.3 Periodontics
The professional examination for Periodontics shall be held at the end of year 5 for both theory and
practical.
Assessments
a. Theory paper
1. Essay (1.5hr)

Part A: Two (2) thirty minutes scenario/case-based questions

Part B: Two (2) fifteen minutes short answer questions
2. MCQ (1hr)

One best answer with five choices

Thirty (30) questions
b. Practical

OSCE (1hr)

Twelve stations of five minutes each
c. Marking Scheme
i. Continuous Assessment (30%)

Theory (30%)

Block III year 3 (5%)

Block II year 4 (5%)

Block II year 5 (5%)

Sessional Exam year 5 (15%)

Practical (30%)

Block II year 3 (5%)

Block III year 4 (10%)

Sessional Exam year 5 (15%)
ii. Professional 5 Examination (70%)

Theory (70%)

Essay (40%)

MCQ (30%)

Practical (70%)

OSCE
6.3.4 Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics
The subject of paediatric dentistry shall be combined with orthodontics and will have the weightage of
60% and 40% respectively.
Assessments
1. Essay (1.5hr)
Part A: Two (2) thirty minutes scenario/case-based questions

1 question from Paediatric Dentistry (30 marks)

1 question from Orthodontics (30 marks)
Part B: Two (2) fifteen minutes short answer questions

1 question from Paediatric Dentistry for 15 marks

1 integrated question from Paediatric Dentistry (9 marks) and Orthodontics ( 6 marks)
2. MCQ (1hr)

One best answer with five choices

Thirty (30) questions

Eighteen questions from Paediatric Dentistry

Twelve questions from Orthodontics
b. Practical

OSCE (1hr)

Twelve stations of five minutes each

Eight stations for Paediatric Dentistry

Four stations for Orthodontics
c. Marking Scheme
i. Continuous Assessment (30%)
Theory (30%)
Paediatric dentistry (18%)

Block III year 3 (3%)

Block II year 4 (3%)

Block II year 5 (3%)

Sessional Exam year 5 (9%)
Orthodontics (12%)

Block III year 3 (2%)

Block II year 4 (2%)

Block II year 5 (2%)

Sessional Exam year 5 (6%)
Practical (30%)
Paediatric Dentistry (18%)

Block II year 3 (3%)

Block III year 4 (6%)

Sessional Exam year 5 (9%)
Orthodontics (12%)

Block II year 3 (2%)

Block III year 4 (4%)

Sessional Exam year 5 (6%)
ii. Professional 5 Examination (70%)

Theory (70%)

Essay (40%)

MCQ (30%)

Practical (70%)

OSCE
7. EXAMINATION RULES AND REGULATIONS
Student evaluation includes continuous assessment in the form of class tests and block examinations of
theory and practical components and a final university examination which determines the student
promotion.
a. Progress in the Phase II is monitored by periodic theory and practical assessments/attendance/
participation in CBL/seminars/tutorials. The progress (block) examination shall comprise
restricted response essays/ multiple choice questions and practical examinations.
b. The final examination at the end of each year shall consist of restricted response essay, multiple
choice questions, oral examinations and practical examinations and objective structured
practical examinations. Student should score a minimum of 50% in both theory and practical
component of each subject to be deemed successful. Students who fail in one or more exam
(theory or/and practical) will be required to reappear in the failed components (both theory and
practical). A supplementary examination will be conducted (both theory and practical) at the
end of 6 weeks after the final examination. In case a student fails in any component in the
supplementary examination, the candidate will have to repeat the year and will be required to
appear for the next final examination (in both theory and practical). It should be noted that
unless the student clears all his papers in the supplementary examinations, he is not eligible to
proceed to the next year.
c. Eligibility for appearing for University examination is 90% attendance
d. A student is permitted a maximum of 8 academic years to complete the BDS course and not
more than 5 academic years to complete the Phase II in the Melaka Campus.
e. A student who does not pass a subject in 3 chances will be required to withdraw from the
programme. A ‘chance’ will also include those situations when a student does not appear for the
examination or a student is detained for lack of attendance.
f.
A student who fails in one or more subjects will not be allowed to proceed to the following year.
g. Viva voce will be conducted for both borderline and distinction students.
7.1 Specific rules relating to block examination
1. All examinations are compulsory. Missing an examination for whatever reason will fetch a zero
score in that examination. No extra examination will be conducted to enable a student to make
up for a missed or low scoring examination.
a) Candidates are requested to be in their seats 10 minutes before the commencement of
Essay paper and 5 minutes before the commencement of MCQ paper.
b)
A candidate coming for Essay paper after the start will be allowed only after 30 minutes
and a candidate coming for MCQ paper after the start will be permitted to enter only after
15 minutes. After that no candidate will be allowed to enter the examination hall.
2. At the end of an examination, the answers (key for the MCQs) will be displayed on the main
notice board. Students are welcomed to indicate any ambiguity in any of the questions. This has
to be written and dropped in the feedback box provided in the college office within 24 hours of
the conclusion of the examination.
3. After every block examination, the essay and MCQ marks list will be put up on the class notice
board on the third Monday following the examination.
4. Student may collect essay answer scripts from their mentors within two weeks of notification.
The students can permanently retain the answer script. However, if there are any discrepancies,
students should inform their mentors immediately and return the answer scripts to the
mentors. Once the answer scripts are taken from the mentors, they will not be considered for
any alterations later. Students are therefore requested to take care in verifying the answer
scripts in the presence of the mentors.
7.2.
Rules related to calculation of internal assessment scores
1. All progress examinations are compulsory and internal assessment marks will be calculated for
the theory component of each subject based on the following guidelines:
a) Block examination results of a student will be withheld if a student fails to meet an overall
90% attendance in the given subject(s) including clinical skills in the corresponding block(s).
b)
These continuous assessment marks shall contribute thirty percent (30%) to the total
marks in the theory component of each subject in the university examinations.
2. Practical examination is a component of every block examination and is mandatory. These
continuous assessment marks will contribute thirty percent (30%) to the total marks in the
practical component of the university examinations.
Absence for an examination for any medical reason will be condoned only if a medical certificate
is signed by a clinician of any government hospital or panel clinic appointed by MMMC. Medical
certificates from any other source will not be accepted.
7.3
Course regulations
1. There will be 2 end-of-semester examinations for the subjects of Human Disease and Oral
Pathology and 3 end- of-semester examinations for all other subjects for which there are
University examinations.
2. Equal weightage is given to General Medicine and General Surgery in the subject of Human
disease in continuous assessment and University examination.
3. 80% weightage is given to Oral Surgery and 20% weightage is given to Oral Radiology in the
subject of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.
4. 60% weightage is given to Children’s Dentistry and 40% weightage is given to Orthodontics in the
subject of Orthodontics/Children’s Dentistry in the continuous assessment and University
examination.
5. There will be NO University examination in the subject of General Dental Practice but students
have to pass this subject in the continuous assessment before graduation.
7.4
Overall marks
The sum of Continuous Assessment (30%) and Professional BDS examination (70%) gives an overall
total of 100% in both Theory & Practical respectively. A clear pass is a minimum of 50%. Students
must pass both theory and practical separately. A clear fail is either a fail in overall theory and or
overall practical with less than 45%.
Clear failures must sit for a supplementary examination (Theory & Practical) 6 weeks after the date of
the Professional Examination. The same exam criteria shall apply. Candidates who fail the
supplementary exam must repeat the year. They are required to follow all classes, practical/clinical
sessions, Continuous Assessment (CA) and complete all sections of the logbook as scheduled for the
academic year. All rules and regulations shall apply.
A borderline viva is conducted for candidates who obtain an overall total >45% to <50% in either
practical and/or theory. Satisfactory performance during the viva may allow a candidate to pass. A
distinction viva is conducted for candidates who obtain an overall total >75% in the Professional
Examination and >65% in each CA. Satisfactory performance during the viva will lead to a distinction
award.
8. Mentor – Mentee System
8.1 Objectives
i) To assist students in adapting to life in the University
ii) To assist students in their personal, academic and professional development
iii) To promote student/staff interaction
8.2 Responsibilities of the Mentor
i.
Meeting students under care as frequently as possible.
ii.
Distribution of the answer scripts and the progress examination marks card after the
progress examination.
iii.
Monitoring the student academic progress i.e. attendance in each month and the marks
obtained in each progress examination.
iv.
Advising and counseling the student.
v.
Keeping in constant touch with the student parents either by email or letter.
vi.
Keep in touch with the student medical and social problems.
8.3 Approaches used to assist students with academic difficulty
i.
Monitoring of assessment and examination results.
ii.
The Mentor meets with the students who have not been doing well to emphasize the
required attitudes and expectations of the institution in achieving the highest academic
standards.
iii.
Weak students in are also being identified and counselled by the respective departments by
remedial coaching / extra attention by Faculty members.
9. COURSE SYNOPSIS
9.1
ORAL PATHOLOGY
9.1.1
Course Synopsis
It is the specialty of dentistry and pathology which deals with the nature, identification and
management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. It is a science that investigates the
causes, processes and effects of these diseases. The practice of oral pathology includes research,
diagnosis of diseases using clinical, radiographic, microscopic, biochemical or other examinations. It
occupies a unique position in the health care community for the dental as well as medical professions.
This module helps the undergraduate students to develop an understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical
signs and symptoms and histopathologic features of diseases affecting the orofacial region, routine
investigations to diagnose such diseases, and arrive to a diagnosis.
9.1.2
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the course student is able to:1. Explain the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs and symptoms, oral manifestations, and
investigative procedures of developmental, neoplastic, microbial, immunological and metabolic
diseases affecting the oro-facial region.
2. Critically analyse the clinical signs and symptoms of orofacial diseases and correlate with the
histopathologic features to make a diagnosis.
3. Name the advancements in the field of diagnostic pathology related to oral diseases from
relevant resources.
9.1.3
SUMMARY OF THEORY AND PRACTICAL HOURS
Total
Theory
89 hours
Practical
41hours
Seminar
25 hours
Revision
11 hours
PBL
6 hours
Examination
21 hours
SLT
267 hours
55 hours
100 hours
11 hours
12 hours
21 hours
Total SLT
267 + 55 + 100 + 11 +12+21 = 466 hours
9.1.4 TEACHING SCHEDULE
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
TOPIC
I
Introduction to oral
pathology
Developmental
Disturbances in Orofacial
Region
Benign and malignant
tumors of oral cavity
II
Salivary gland disorders
Dental caries
Cysts of oral region
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
1. Interpret the definition of Oral
Pathology.
2. Describe the steps in diagnosing a
lesion.
3. Summarize the teaching learning
activities in Oral Pathology.
1. Explain the causes for developmental
disorders.
2. Recognize the syndromes associated
with craniofacial anomalies.
3. Distinguish
the
developmental
anomalies affecting the hard and soft
tissues.
4. Explain the clinical implications of
developmental disturbances.
1. Distinguish between the benign and
malignant epithelial and connective
tissue neoplasms.
2. Relate the clinical and histological
features for a definitive diagnosis.
1
10
14
1. Differentiate the salivary gland
neoplasms clinically and histologically.
2. Differentiate benign and malignant
tumours of salivary gland neoplasms
from other oral neoplasms.
3. Describe the clinical features and
histopathology of other salivary gland
disorders.
1. Describe the aetio-pathogenesis of
dental caries.
2. Explain the clinical presentation of
dental caries.
3. Differentiate types of dental caries
histologically.
5
1. Classify odontogenic and non
odontogenic cysts.
2. Describe the pathogenesis and clinical
features and radiographic features of
odontogenic and non odontogenic
cysts.
3. Differentiate odontogenic and non
odontogenic cysts histologically.
8
6
Regressive alterations of
teeth
III
Diseases of pulp and
periapical region
Tumors of odontogenic
origin
Microbial infections of oral
cavity
Spread of oral infection
Healing of oral wounds
Oral aspects of metabolic
diseases
Physical and chemical
injuries of oral cavity
IV
Fibro-osseous lesions and
bone dystrophies
Oral manifestations of
blood dyscrasias
1. Explain the aetiology of regressive
alterations.
2. Differentiate the clinical presentations
of regressive alterations.
1. Explain the sequelae of dental caries
and clinical features of pulpal and
periapical diseases.
2. Differentiate the types of pulpitis and
periapical infections
histopathologically.
1. Classify odontogenic tumours.
2. Explain the etio-pathogenesis, clinical
and radiographic presentations of
odontogenic tumors.
3. Differentiate odontogenic tumours
histologically.
1. Explain clinical and microscopic
features of oral microbial diseases.
2. List the investigations for diagnosing
microbial diseases.
1. Explain the concept of focal infection
and focus of infection.
2
1. Explain the healing process of injuries
to oral tissues.
2. Describe the factors which promotes or
prevent the healing process.
3. Explain the histopathological events of
wound healing.
1. Identify the oral manifestations of
metabolic diseases.
2. Explain the etiopathogenesis of oral
manifestations of metabolic diseases.
2
1. Identify the agents inducing injuries to
oral tissues.
2. Explain the clinical features of injuries
affecting the oral tissues.
1. Classify fibro- osseous lesions of oral
and para-oral region.
2. Explain the clinical and radiological
features of fibro-osseous lesions and
bone dystrophies of oral and paraoral
region.
3. Differentiate the histopathologic
features of fibro-osseous lesions and
bone dystrophies affecting the oral and
para-oral region.
1. Describe
the
qualitative
and
quantitative disorders of blood
components.
3
5
8
5
1
4
4
5
Diseases of skin and
mucocutaneous lesions
SEMINARS
SL. NO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
2. Explain the oral manifestations
associated with blood dyscrasias.
3. List the investigations required to
diagnose blood dyscrasias.
1. Classify the muco- cutaneous lesions
which affect the skin and oral mucosa.
2. Differentiate
clinical
and
histopathological features of mucocutaneous lesions.
TOPIC
Developmental Disturbances in Orofacial Region
Benign and malignant tumors of oral cavity
Salivary gland disorders
Dental caries
Cysts of oral region
Regressive alterations of teeth
Diseases of pulp and periapical region
Tumors of odontogenic origin
Microbial infections of oral cavity
Spread of oral infection
Healing of oral wounds
Oral aspects of metabolic diseases
Physical and chemical injuries of oral cavity
Fibro-osseous lesions and bone dystrophies
Oral manifestations of blood dyscrasias
Diseases of skin and mucocutaneous lesions
PRACTICAL SCHEDULE
SL. NO. EXERCISE
6
CONTACT HOURS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
CONTACT HOURS
1.
Developmental disturbances
5
2.
Benign and malignant tumours of oral cavity
6
3.
Salivary gland neoplasms
2
4.
Dental caries
2
5.
Tumours of odontogenic origin
6
6.
Regressive alterations of teeth
2
7.
Diseases of pulp and periapical region
4
8.
Cysts of oral region
6
9.
Microbial infections of oral cavity
2
10.
Fibro-osseous lesions and bone dystrophies
2
11.
Diseases of skin and mucocutaneous lesions
4
9.1.5 RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS IN ORAL PATHOLOGY
1. Neville, Damm, Allen, Bouquot. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 3rd Edition. India: Elsevier
India; 2011.
2. Shafer, Hine, Levy. Edited by R.Rajendran and B.Sivapathasundaram: Shafer’s Textbook of Oral
Pathology. ; 6th Edition India: Elsevier India; 2009.
3. Regezi, Sciubba, Jordan, Oral Pathology. Clinical Pathologic Correlations. 6th Edition; India:
Saunders Elsevier; 2011.
9.2
GENERAL SURGERY
9.2.1
COURSE SYNOPSIS
General Surgery posting consists of theoretical and clinical inputs. It focuses on the aspects of human illhealth that impact on the provision of oral health care and emphasizes the need for future application
of knowledge and skills in General Surgery by dental professionals. This module helps the undergraduate
to develop an understanding of various surgical diseases, clinical history recording, examination
methods and investigations to diagnose such diseases, arrive at a clinical diagnosis and formulate a
treatment plan.
The theoretical input consist of various teaching-learning activities that include lecture, seminar, case
presentation, self-directed learning and case based discussion. All these activities will be held in the
MMMC (Melaka Campus). The clinical sessions are conducted at the Melaka Hospital. Students will be
trained in clerking of patient, physical examination and interpret the findings, investigation, diagnoses
and management of patients.
General Surgery will be assessed together with General Medicine in the Human Disease paper in the
Professional Year 3 examination. The continuous assessments contribute 30% to the final examination
and would probe student understanding in the discipline of General Surgery. During the professional
examination and continuous assessments, both theoretical and clinical aspects will be assessed.
9.2.2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the Year 3, the students are able to:1. Demonstrate history taking, examine a surgical patient, recording of clinical signs and symptoms and
presenting a comprehensive patient history.
2. Demonstrate analytical and critical thinking through establishing necessary documentation using
existing data and resources to diagnose common surgical disorders and to decide their
management.
9.2.3. SUMMARY OF THEORY AND PRACTICAL CONTACT HOUR & SLT
N0.
1
2
3
4
ACTIVITY
Lectures
Bedside Clinics
Skills Lab
Orthopedics
5
ENT
TOTAL
HOURS
37
90
4.5
SLT
111
120
5
131.5
236
9.2.4
TEACHING SCHEDULE
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
Infection control
01
1. Principles of Infection Control
1. Explain the principles and
Methods
of
sterilization,
methods involved in infection
Asepsis,
Antiseptics,
control in the surgical practice.
Disinfectants
Principles of surgical treatment:
03
1. Pre-operative
preparation, 1. Explain the principles and
Post-operative management.
practice of pre-operative and
post-operative care.
2. Surgical
instruments, 1. Choose the instruments and
Diathermy, Suture materials
sutures used in the practice of
surgery.
Investigations in surgery
2. Relate
situations
where
investigations are indicated.
3. Interpret the results of such
investigations.
4. Display the ability to perform
investigations
for
various
surgical conditions.
3. Surgical Oncology - Principles, 1. Explain the principles and
Management
management of oncology in
surgery.
Surgical conditions of skin & subcutaneous tissue:
1. Ulcers, sinus, fistula and 1. Demonstrate
examination
swellings : definition, clinical
techniques and management of
features and examination
the skin and subcutaneous
technique
tissues.
2. Subcutaneous
swellings:
Epidermoid cyst, Dermoid cyst,
Lipoma, Neurofibroma
3. Premalignant conditions of 1. Explain the clinical presentation
skin
of pre-cancerous and malignant
4. Cutaneous
malignancy:
lesions of the skin and their
Squamous cell carcinoma,
management.
Basal
cell
carcinoma, 2. Relate the etiological factors
Malignant melanoma
associated with pre malignant
and malignant lesions.
02
Surgical infections
02
1. Cutaneous and subcutaneous 1. Recognize,
examine
and
infections: Abscess, Carbuncle,
manage the infections of the
Cellulitis, Erysipelas.
skin and subcutaneous tissues.
2. Actinomycosis, Gas gangrene, 1. Recognize,
examine
Infective
gangrene,
manage these infections.
Tuberculosis,
Amoebiasis,
Parasitic infestations
Wound management
II
and
01
1. Classification
of
wounds, 1. Explain the principles and
Wound
Healing
&
practice of wound healing.
Management
Management of burns
1. Types of burns
Bum: classification of severity
1. Recognize,
examine
manage burns.
01
and
First aid
Medical and surgical management
Fluid and electrolytes
02
1. Fluid and electrolyte balance
Acid base balance
1. Recognize, identify and manage
conditions leading to fluid,
electrolyte and acid-base
imbalance.
2. Blood and blood product 1. Recognize, identify and manage
therapy, Blood coagulation and
conditions leading to the use of
control of haemorrhage
blood and its product.
Shock and critical care
03
1. Definition and classification of 1. Recognize, identify and manage
shock.
Clinical
features,
conditions leading to shock.
management of different
types:
hypovolemic,
distributive,
obstructive,
septicemic, neurogenic.
2. Approach to trauma - head 1. Recognize, identify and manage
injury.
head injury.
3.
Approach
to
trauma 1. Recognize, identify and manage
injury to the abdomen.
- abdominal injury
Vascular surgery
1. Arterial obstruction - acute 1.
and chronic,
2. Vascular Gangrene
3. Aneurysms
1.
03
Recognize, identify and manage
obstruction to artery and also
vascular gangrene.
Recognize, identify and manage
4. Haemangiomas, A-V fistula,
lesions of the blood vessels and
Lymphatic obstruction
lymphatic obstruction.
5. Varicose veins
1. Recognize, identify and manage
6. Deep vein thrombosis
varicose veins and deep vein
thrombosis.
Breast
1. Benign & Malignant Lumps
III
1. Recognize, identify and manage
lumps in the breast.
Abdomen
04
1. Acute abdomen - Approach,
diagnosis,
investigations,
treatment
2. Obstructive
Jaundice
Approach,
diagnosis,
investigations, treatment
3. Gastro-intestinal bleedings Approach,
diagnosis,
investigations, treatment
4. Hernia: Inguinal, Incisional.
Abdomen lumps
Urology
1. Recognize, identify and
manage pain in the abdomen
(C2, P3)
1. Recognize, identify and manage
obstructive jaundice.
1. Bladder Outlet Obstruction;
Urolithiasis
1. Recognize, identify and manage
obstruction to the bladder
outlet and urolithiasis.
1. Recognize, identify and manage
malignancies of the urogenital
tract.
2. Urogenital Malignancies
1. Recognize, identify and manage
bleeding in the gastrointestinal
tract.
1. Recognize, identify and manage
hernia.
02
Head and neck
04
1. Surgical anatomy
2. Cervical
diseases
lymph
nodes
3. Thyroid and parathyroid
IV
01
1. Comprehend
the
surgical
anatomy of the head and neck
and apply these to the practice
of surgery.
1. Recognize, identify and manage
disorders of cervical lymph
nodes.
1. Recognize, identify and manage
disorders of thyroid and
parathyroid.
1. Recognize, identify and manage
conditions arising in the head
and neck.
4. Congenital
problems:
Thyroglosal
cyst
and
fistula, branchial cyst,
cystic hygroma
Disease of ear, nose & throat (by ENT)
1. Infections and tumours,
2. Airway Management
3. Tracheostomy
1. Recognize, identify and manage
these diseases of ear, nose &
throat.
06
4. Cleft lip and palate
5. Epistaxis
6. Salivary glands disorders
Fractures (by Orthopaedics)
02
1. General principles of fractures, 1. Explain the principles of
treatment and healing.
fractures’
treatment
and
healing
9.2.5
RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS IN GENERAL SURGERY
1. Burkitt H. George. Essential Surgery: problems, diagnosis and management. 4th Edt. Edinburgh:
Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2007.
2. Norman L. Browse, John Black, Kevin G. Burnand, William E.G. Thomas. Browses Introduction to
symptoms and signs of Surgical Disease. 4th Edt. London: Yearbook Medical Pub; 2005.
9.3 GENERAL MEDICINE
9.3.1
COURSE SYNOPSIS
General Medicine posting consists of theoretical and clinical inputs. It focuses on the aspect of human
ill-health that impact on the provision of oral health care and emphasizes the need for future application
of knowledge and skills in medicine by dental professionals. This module helps the undergraduate to
develop an understanding of common medical diseases, clinical history recording, examination methods
and investigations to diagnose such diseases, arrive at a clinical diagnosis and formulate the medical
treatment plan.
The theoretical input consist of 34 contact hours of various teaching-learning activities that include
lecture, tutorial, seminar, case presentation, self-directed learning and small group discussion. All these
classroom activities are held in the MMMC (Melaka Campus). The clinical sessions are conducted at the
Melaka Hospital, Jasin Hospital or Muar Hospital. Students will be trained in clerking of patients, physical
examination and interpretation the findings, investigations, diagnoses and patient management. The
minimum clinical contact time is 90 hours making the minimum student learning time (SLT) in General
Medicine a total of 222 hours.
General Medicine will be assessed together with General Surgery in the Human Disease paper in the
Professional 3 examination. The continuous assessments contribute 30% to the final examination and
probes student understanding in the discipline of General Medicine. In both professional examination
and the continuous assessment, both theoretical and clinical aspects are assessed.
9.3.2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the Year 3, the students are able to:1. Demonstrate proper history taking, elicit the signs by general & systemic examination and
arrive at a provisional diagnosis in a medical patient.
2. Interpret routine medical laboratory data.
3. Explain the management of patient with such medical condition and its impact on dental
treatment.
9.3.3
SUMMARY OF THEORY AND PRACTICAL CONTACT HOUR & SLT
SL. NO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
LEARNING STRATEGY
CONTACT HOUR
Lecture
36
Clinic
156
Revision
04
Assessment/Examination
08
TOTAL
204
SLT
108
208
04
08
328
9.3.4 TEACHING SCHEDULE
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
Introduction to internal
medicine-History taking and
clinical examination in
internal medicine.
Diseases of upper respiratory
tract-Pneumonias , COPD,
Bronchial asthma, Pleural
effusion, Lung carcinoma
II
III
Cardiovascular systemCoronary artery disease,
Cardiac failure, Systemic
hypertension, Infective
endocarditis, Cardiac
arrhythmias, Common
congenital heart disease
Infectious diseases-Dengue
fever, Enteric fever and
Malaria, HIV infection, STD,
Tuberculosis, common viral
infections
Abdominal diseases-Peptic
ulcer diseases, Approach to
dysphagia, Approach to
jaundice, Acute and chronic
hepatitis ,Chronic liver
disease and Portal
hypertension, Diarrhoea,
Inflammatory bowel disease
Haematology- anaemia,
Approach to bleeding and
clotting disorders, Oral
manifestation of
Haematological disorders,
Leukemias, Lymphomas
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
1. Explain the various steps in eliciting case 02
history.
2. Explain the importance of each
component in clinical examination.
3. Analyze the case and design for proper
treatment planning.
1. Relate the clinical presentations of
03
various common respiratory problems.
2. Demonstrate knowledge about the
medical management.
3. Plan the need for referral.
1. Explain the clinical presentations of 03
various
common
cardiovascular
diseases.
2. Demonstrate knowledge about the
medical management.
3. Plan the need for referral.
1. Explain the clinical presentations of
various Infectious diseases.
2. Demonstrate knowledge about the
medical management.
3. Plan the need for referral.
1. Explain the clinical presentations
various abdominal diseases.
2. Demonstrate knowledge about the
medical management.
3. Plan the need for referral.
04
of 04
1. Explain the clinical presentations of 04
various Hematological diseases.
2. Demonstrate knowledge about the
medical management.
3. Plan the need for referral.
Central nervous systemapproach to Headache,
Meningitis, Approach to
facial pain, Bell’s palsy,
Trigeminal neuralgia,
Cerebrovascular disease,
Neuromuscular disorder,
Coma and Brain death
Psychiatry disorders.
IV
Endocrine disorders-Diabetes
mellitus, Thyroid and
Parathyroid disorders,
Hypothalamus and Pituitary
disorders, Adrenal gland
disorders
1. Explain the clinical presentations of
various Central nervous system diseases.
2. Demonstrate knowledge about the
medical management.
3. Plan the need for referral.
04
1. Explain the clinical presentations of
various psychiatric diseases.
2. Demonstrate knowledge about the
medical management.
3. Plan the need for referral.
1. Explain the clinical presentations
various Endocrine diseases.
2. Demonstrate knowledge about the
medical management.
3. Plan the need for referral.
01
of 04
Renal disorders-Acute
glomerulonephritis,
Nephrotic syndrome, Acute
and chronic failure
1. Explain the clinical presentations of
various renal diseases.
2. Demonstrate knowledge about the
medical management.
3. Plan the need for referral.
Emergency medicine- shock,
respiratory failure, ARDS,
cardiac arrest and CPR
technique
1. Explain medical emergency during 03
dental procedure and the initial lifesaving management.
2. Demonstrate knowledge about the
medical management.
3. Plan the need for referral.
1. Explain the clinical presentations
of 02
various common Autoimmune disorders.
2. Demonstrate knowledge about the
medical management.
3. Plan the need for referral.
4. Select the appropriate antibiotics.
5. Explain about drug adverse reactions
and drug interactions.
Autoimmune disorders.
Antibiotics.
02
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
OBJECTIVES
EXERCISE
I, II, III, IV  Case history recording
 General
physical
examination
including
pulse, blood pressure,
respiratory rate, cyanosis,
clubbing,
jaundice,
lymphadenopathy,
oral
cavity examination
 Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Abdomen and
system.
1. Demonstrate proper history taking,
elicit the signs by general & systemic
examination and arrive at a provisional
diagnosis in a medical patient.
2. Interpret routine medical laboratory
data.
CONTACT
HOURS
156
system,
system,
Nervous
9.3.5 RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS IN GENERAL MEDICINE
1. Michael Swash, Michael Glynn. Hutchison’s Clinical Methods: An integrated approach to Clinical
Practice. 22nd edt. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2007.
2. Graham Douglas, Fiona NIcol, Colin Robertson. Macleod’s clinical examination. 12th edti.
Churchill livingstone:UK;2009
3. Nicholas J Tally. Simon O’Connor. Pocket Clinical Examination. 3rd edt. Churchill Livingstone:
Australia; 2009
4. Nicki R Colledge, Brian R Walker, Stuart H Ralston. Davidson’s Principal and practice of medicine.
21st edi. Churchill Livingstone:2010
5. Longmore M, Wilkinson I, Torok E. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine. 8th edt. Oxford:
University Publisher; 2010
6. Scully C, Roderick A. Cawson R. Medical Problems in Dentistry. 5th edt. UK: Churchill Livingstone;
2005.
7. Mathew George K, Praveen Agarwal. Prep manual for undergraduates. 2nd edt. New Delhi:
Elsevier; 2005.
9.4 ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
9.4.1
COURSE SYNOPSIS
Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a specialty which involves a spectrum of diseases, injuries and defects of
the head and neck, hard and soft tissues of the oral & maxillofacial region. It is recognized as an
international surgical specialty. This module helps the undergraduate student to distinguish signs and
symptoms of orofacial diseases and related systemic conditions, apply principles and methods of
sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis to prevent cross infection and perform administration of topical
and local anaesthesia and management of their potential complication during exodontia and perform
simple oral surgical procedures.
9.4.2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
a. Year 3
At the end of the Year 3, the students are able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
List the principles of management of space infections and related systemic conditions.
Perform sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis to prevent cross-infection in clinical practice.
Demonstrate exodontia and assist minor oral surgical procedures.
Display the ability to prescribe and advise the use of common antibiotics and analgesics related
to dentistry.
5. Follow the requirements for written informed consent and confidentiality of patient’s record.
b. Year 4
At the end of the Year 4, the students are able to:
1. Perform administration of local and topical anaesthesia and the management of their potential
complications.
2. Perform simple oral surgical procedures including exodontia.
3. Display the ability to prescribe and advice the use of common pharmaceutical agents related to
dentistry.
4. Explain sedation and general anaesthetic procedures in the control of pain related to dentistry.
5. Demonstrate the methods of prevention and management of common medical and dental
emergencies based on current evidence.
6. Perform an appropriate referral of a patient based on professional judgement.
c. Year 5
At the end of the Year 5, the students are able to:
1. Apply sedation and general anaesthetic techniques in oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures.
2. Explain the different dental implant systems used currently.
9.4.3 SUMMARY OF THEORY & CLINICAL HOURS IN OMFS
a. Year 3
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
THEORY
07
07
09
10
33
SLT
21
21
27
30
99
EXAM
SLT
CLINICAL
1.0
1.0
22.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
22.5
--3.0
3.0
45
99 + 3 + 60.0 = 162.00 Hrs
SLT
30
30
60
b. Year 4
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
THEORY
09
11
10
8
37
SLT
27
33
30
24
111
EXAM
SLT REVISION SLT CLINICAL
1.0
1.0
-25
1.0
1.0
-25
-25
5.0
5.0
03
03
25
7.0
7.0
03
02
100
111 + 7 + 2 + 133.2+84 = 337.2 Hrs
SLT
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
133.2
SEMINAR
11
10
SLT
44
40
21
84
c. Year 5
BLOCK
I
II
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
THEORY
04
04
SLT
12
12
HOSPITAL POSTING
15 HOURS
SLT
30
30
12 +30 = 42
9.4.4
TEACHING SCHEDULE
a.
Year 3
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
Introduction to oral and
maxillofacial surgery
Sterilization and cross
infection control
Local anaesthesia
II
Exodontia
Apicoectomy
Biopsy
III
Space infections
Cysts of orofacial region
OBJECTIVES
1. Classify types of oral & maxillofacial
surgical procedures.
1. Apply principles and methods of
sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis
to prevent cross-infection in clinical
practice.
1. Classify local anaesthetics.
2. Explain the pharmacotherapeutics of
local anaesthetics.
3. Classify maxillary and mandibular local
anaesthetic techniques.
4. Choose
the
appropriate
local
anaesthetics in the management of pain.
5. Explain the methods of prevention and
management of local and systemic
complications.
1. Explain the concepts of ideal tooth
extraction.
2. Apply basic principles of exodontia.
3. Classify the indications and
contraindications of extraction.
4. Illustrate the techniques of transalveolar
extraction.
5. Explain the perioperative and
postoperative complications of
exodontia.
1. Explain the indications, contraindications
and the surgical steps in performing
Apicoectomy.
1. Classify Biopsy techniques.
2. Explain the surgical steps in performing
biopsy.
1. Classify space infections.
2. Distinguish maxillary and mandibular
space infections.
3. Distinguish signs and symptoms of
orofacial diseases and related systemic
conditions.
4. Apply the principles of managing space
infections.
5. Explain the management of Ludwig’s
angina and cavernous sinus thrombosis.
1. Classify the methods of management of
cysts.
CONTACT
HOURS
01
01
05
05
01
01
05
02
Osteomyelitis
Osteoradionecrosis
IV
Salivary Glands
Trigeminal neuralgia
Antibiotics
Analgesics
Maxillary sinus
Premalignant lesions and
conditions
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I to IV
Oral &
Maxillofacial
Surgery
2. Explain the surgical management of
odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts.
1. Explain
the
management
of
osteomyelitis.
1. Explain
the
management
of
osteoradionecrosis.
1. Explain the methods of surgical
management salivary gland diseases.
1. Explain the techniques of surgical
management of trigeminal neuralgia.
1. Classify antibiotics.
2. Explain the pharmacotherapeutics of
commonly used antibiotics in dentistry.
1. Classify analgesics.
2. Explain the pharmacotherapeutics of
commonly used analgesics in dentistry.
1. Explain the technique of removal of root
from the maxillary sinus.
2. Relate the treatment plan in the
management oro-antral fistula.
1. Explain the surgical management of
premalignant lesions and conditions.
OBJECTIVES
1. Perform sterilization, disinfection and antisepsis to
prevent cross-infection in clinical practice.
2. Follow the requirements for informed consent and
confidentiality of the patient.
3. Demonstrate the administration of local and topical
anaesthesia and management of potential
complications.
4. Demonstrate exodontia and assist minor oral
surgical procedures.
5. Display the ability to prescribe and advise the use of
common antibiotics and analgesics related to
dentistry.
01
01
03
01
02
01
02
01
CONTACT
HOURS
49
b.
Year 4
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
Impaction
Medically
compromised
patients
Jaw tumors
II
Cancer
TMJ
Pre-prosthetic
surgery
Trauma
III
Trauma
OBJECTIVES
1. Classify impacted teeth.
2. Explain the indications and contraindications for
removal of impacted teeth.
3. Demonstrate the radiological assessment of
impacted third molar.
4. Illustrate the surgical steps in the management of
impacted teeth.
5. Explain the complication of impacted teeth.
1. Classify medically compromised patients.
2. Explain the management of medically
compromised patients.
1. Explain the surgical techniques of management of
ameloblastoma.
1. Explain the different types of flaps used in
reconstruction of cancer defects.
2. Explain the surgical technique of reconstruction
with intra-oral flaps.
1. Classify Ankylosis.
2. Explain the surgical techniques of management of
TMJ Ankylosis.
1. Classify pre-prosthetic surgical procedures.
2. Explain the management of maxillary and
mandibular tori.
3. Summarize
vestibuloplasty
and
ridge
augmentation techniques.
1. Classify fractures of the middle third of the facial
skeleton.
2. Explain the evaluation of patients with facial
fractures.
3. Apply the basic principles in the management of
patients with maxillofacial injuries.
1. Classify orbital and nasal fractures.
2. Explain the management of orbital and nasal
fractures.
3. Classify Zygomatic fractures.
4. Explain the surgical techniques of management of
zygomatic fractures.
5. Classify the methods of management of
edentulous jaws fractures.
6. Select the appropriate technique for reduction of
the fractures.
7. Classify mandibular fractures.
8. Explain the methods of management of
mandibular ramus and body fractures.
9. Classify condylar fractures.
10. Explain the methods of management of
CONTACT
HOURS
05
02
02
02
02
03
14
14
IV
Orthognathic
surgery
General
anaesthesia
Cleft lip and
palate
Facial paralysis
mandibular fractures.
11. Summarize the complications of maxillofacial
fractures and their management.
1. Classify maxillary and mandibular deformities.
2. Explain the surgical techniques for correction of
maxillary and mandibular deformities.
3. Explain the complications related to orthognathic
surgical procedures.
1. Explain sedation and general anaesthetic
procedures in the control of pain related to
dentistry.
1. Classify cleft lip and palate.
2. Explain the protocol for the management of cleft
lip alveolus and palate.
1. Explain the surgical techniques of management of
patients with facial palsy.
02
01
01
01
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I to IV
EXERCISE
Oral &
Maxillofacial
Surgery
OBJECTIVES
1. Perform appropriate methods of infection control
in clinical practice.
2. Perform administration of local and topical
anaesthesia and the management of their potential
complications.
3. Perform simple oral surgical procedures including
exodontia.
4. Display the ability to prescribe and advice the use of
common pharmaceutical agents related to
dentistry.
5. Perform an appropriate referral of a patient based
on professional judgement.
SEMINARS
SL. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
TOPICS
Advanced Trauma Life Support-ATLS
Tracheostomy
Conscious sedation
Bone plates
Maxillofacial reconstruction - local and regional flaps
Lasers in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Craniofacial surgery
Surgical approaches in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Emergency drugs
Pan-facial fractures
Principles of facial soft tissue injury repair
Resorbable plates
CONTACT
HOURS
49
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
c.
Management of bleeding in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Cleft lip and palate in Malaysia
Microvascular surgery
Extra-oral implants
Distraction osteogenesis
Cryosurgery
Bone grafts
Biomaterials used in facial reconstruction
Nerve injuries
Year 5
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
General Anaesthesia
Implants
OBJECTIVES
CONTAC
T HOUR
1. Classify the general anaesthetic
techniques.
2. Explain the sedation techniques.
1. Classify the types of Implants.
2. Explain the techniques of implant
placement.
02
02
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I to IV
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
9.4.5
OBJECTIVES
Hospital posting/attachment
CONTACT
HOURS
15
RECOMMENED TEXTBOOKS IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
1. Malammed. Hand book of local anesthesia.6th Edition. India: Elsevier; 2012.
2. James R Hupp. Contemporary oral & maxillofacial surgery. 5th Edition. India: Elsevier; 2009.
3. Fragiskos D Fragiskos. Oral Surgery. Germany: Springer; 2007.
4. Richard.G.Topazian. Oral & Maxillofacial Infections.4th Edition. India: W.B. Saunders; 2002.
5. Raymond.J.Fonseca. Oral & maxillofacial surgey.2nd Edition- Vol - 1-3.Elsevier; 2009.
9.5
MAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY
9.5.1
COURSE SYNOPSIS
Oral Radiology is the speciality of dentistry which is concerned with the production and interpretation of
images and data produced by all modalities of radiant energy that are used for the diagnosis and
management of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral and maxillofacial region.
This module helps the student to learn various radiographic techniques including the use of the
radiation device appropriately with emphasis to radiation protection protocols and concerned legal
issues and identify the anatomical landmarks seen in an intraoral radiograph. It also helps the
undergraduate to identify various imaging techniques/modalities, interpret the images and write a
report and analyse the advantages and limitations of different imaging techniques.
9.5.2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
a. Year 3
At the end of the Year 3, students are able to:1. Analyze the role of factors affecting the production of x-ray and its interactions with matter and
human body.
2. Explain the use of dosimeters, legal issues concerned with radiation equipment according to the
Malaysian regulations and the concepts of ALARA.
3. Demonstrate periapical radiography using bisecting angle and bitewing technique.
4. Differentiate anatomical landmarks in a periapical radiograph.
b. Year 4
At the end of the Year 4, students are able to:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Display the ability to take intra oral radiographs.
Diagnose pathologies affecting the oro-facial region with the aid of intraoral radiographs.
Interpret extra oral radiographs.
Construct a radiographic report independently.
Justify the necessity for any imaging technique.
c. Year 5
At the end of the Year 5, students are able to:1. Explain procedures involving imaging techniques in hospital setup.
2. Compare the limitations of advanced imaging modalities and appropriate referral.
9.5.3
SUMMARY OF THEORY & CLINICAL HOURS IN MAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY
The SLT for clinics is integrated with the SLT of Oral Medicine
a.
Year 3
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
b.
SLT
09
12
03
15
39
THEORY
09
11
07
Seminar-1
Seminar- 9
29
SLT
27
33
21
03
27
111
EXAM
01
01
2.5
-4.5
SLT
REVISION
01
-01
-2.5
--04
4.5
04
39+4.5+4+50 = 97.5 hrs
SLT
04
04
CLINICAL
10
10
7.5
10
37.5
SLT
13.3
13.3
10
13.3
49.9
Year 4
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
c.
THEORY
03
04
01
05
13
EXAM
01
-2.5
05
8.5
SLT
01
-2.5
REVISION
--01
SLT
--01
05
--8.5
01
01
111+8.5+1+110 = 230.5 hrs
CLINICAL
12.5
25
22.5
SLT
16.7
33
30
22.5
92.5
30
109.7
Year 5
FIELD VISIT
CT, CBCT
MRI, ULTRASOUND
PET, SPECT, BONE SCAN
TOTAL SLT
HOURS
3
3
3
SLT
4
4
4
12 hrs
9.5.4
TEACHING SCHEDULE
a.
Year 3
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
II
TOPIC
Introduction to oral
radiology
Radiation Physics
III
Anatomical Landmarks
Radiation Biology
Dosimetry
Radiation Protection
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I to IV
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
1. Describe the history of x-rays.
2. Explain atomic model, types of radiation
and properties of x-rays.
3. Differentiate between electromagnetic
radiation and particulate radiation.
1. Illustrate the production of x-rays.
2. Analyze the role of factors affecting
production of the x-rays.
3. Compare the interactions of x-ray with
matter.
1. Distinguish anatomical landmarks in a
periapical radiograph and bitewing.
2. Differentiate the landmarks from
pathologies/ artefacts.
1. Explain the effects of radiation at
molecular, genetic, cellular and tissue
level.
2. Analyze the effects of radiation therapy
on oro-facial tissues.
1. Choose the SI units of measurement for
radiation appropriately.
2. Explain the use of dosimeters and the
legal issues related to it.
1. Explain various radiation protection
devices used in dentistry.
2. Relate the principles of ALARA to dental
practice.
01
OBJECTIVES
Oral
Radiology 1. Demonstrate the ability to take
(*integrated with Oral
periapical radiographs using bisecting
Medicine clinics)
angle technique and bitewing
radiography.
2. Practise the principles of ALARA
regularly.
3. Demonstrate the ability to do manual
processing of radiographs.
03
02
01
02
01
CONTACT
HOURS
18
b.
Year 4
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
Radiographic accessories
Intra
oral
techniques
radiographic
Extra oral
technique
radiographic
Processing of radiographic
film
Faulty radiographs
Principles of Interpretation
II
Ideal Radiograph
Radiographic
Dental caries
features
of
Radiographic features
Periodontal diseases
of
Periapical radiolucencies
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
1. Explain the components of x-ray film
and its function.
2. Explain the role of intensifying screens
and grids to get quality images.
1. Explain
intra
oral
radiographic
techniques.
2. Distinguish periapical, bitewing, occlusal
and SLOB techniques and their uses.
1. Compare various extra oral radiographic
techniques and their indications.
2. Choose
appropriate
radiographic
technique for a given problem.
1. Explain the chemical reactions in film
processing and role of each component.
2. Explain
manual
and
automatic
processing of films.
1. Classify
faulty
radiographs
and
artefacts.
2. Differentiate various faults in a
radiograph.
3. Relate them to the appropriate
mistakes in the technique.
1. Explain the principles of interpretation.
2. Prepare a radiographic report.
1. Explain the characteristics of an ideal
radiograph.
2. Apply these characteristics to any
radiograph routinely and identify the
alterations.
1. Interpret the radiographic features of
dental caries.
2. Analyse the limitations of radiography
in caries detection.
1. Interpret the radiographic features of
periodontitis.
2. Analyse the limitations of radiography
in detection of periodontal bone loss.
1. Explain various pathologies seen as
periapical radiolucencies.
2. Differentiate the radiographic features
of pathologies seen as periapical
radiolucency.
02
01
03
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
Multilocular radiolucencies
Periapical radiopacities
Radiographic features of
trauma to teeth and facial
bones
III
Radiographic features
maxillary antrum
of
Soft tissue calcification
Radiographic features
TMJ disorders
Recent Imaging modalities
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I to IV
Oral Radiology
(*integrated
with
Oral
Medicine
clinics)
of
1. Explain various pathologies seen as
multilocular radiolucencies.
2. Differentiate the radiographic features
of pathologies seen as multilocular
radiolucency.
1. Explain various pathologies seen as
periapical radiopacities.
2. Differentiate the radiographic features
of pathologies seen as periapical
radiopacities.
1. Choose
appropriate
radiographic
techniques for various traumatic
injuries affecting the oro-facial region.
2. Display the ability to interpret the
radiographic findings.
1. Choose
appropriate
radiographic
techniques for diseases affecting
maxillary antrum.
2. Display the ability to interpret the
radiographic findings.
1. Explain radiographic features of soft
tissue calcifications affecting oro-facial
region.
2. Differentiate anatomical landmarks
from soft tissue calcifications in routine
radiographs.
1. Explain radiographic features of TMJ
disorders.
2. Choose
appropriate
radiographic
techniques for TMJ diseases.
1. Compare recent imaging modalities and
their applications in dentistry.
2. Analyse the indications of such
techniques for oro-facial diseases.
OBJECTIVES
1. Display the ability to take all types of intra oral
radiographs.
2. Explain the difference between manual /automatic
processing and digital radiographs.
3. Justify the necessity for any radiograph and the
related techniques.
4. Manipulate the radiographic techniques for special
needs dentistry accordingly.
5. Diagnose pathologies affecting the oro-facial
region with the aid of intraoral radiographs.
6. Interpret extra oral radiographs.
7. Construct a radiographic report independently.
01
01
03
01
01
02
03
CONTACT
HOURS
113
SEMINARS
SL. NO.
1.
2.
3.
Topic
Challenges and advances in Digital imaging
Implant imaging
Radiographic age estimation methods
c.
Year 5
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I to IV
9.5.5
Hospital
postings
CONTACT HOURS
1
1
1
OBJECTIVES
1. Explain procedures involving imaging techniques in
hospital setup.
2. Compare the limitations of advanced imaging
modalities and appropriate referral.
CONTACT
HOURS
15
RECOMMENDED TEXTOOKS IN MAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY
1. Review of diagnosis of Oral medicine, Radiology & Treatment planning, edited by Wood, 2nd
edition
2. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology: Principles & Interpretation, New Delhi: 6th edition,
Elsevier-Mosby publishers; 2010
3. Eric Whaites. Radiography and radiology for dental care professionals, London: 4th edition,
Elsevier Churchill Livingstone publishers; 2006
9.6
ORAL MEDICINE
9.6.1
COURSE SYNOPSIS
Oral Medicine is a branch of dentistry which deals with the diagnosis and non-surgical management of
diseases that are localized to the oral cavity or are oral manifestations of systemic diseases and those
phases of dental practice that are essentially concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of medically
compromised patients.
This module helps the undergraduate develop an understanding of various oral diseases, oral
manifestations of systemic diseases and their medical management and to understand the modifications
in the dental treatment of medically compromised patient. It also helps the students to record clinical
history, perform clinical examination and investigations, to diagnose common oral diseases, and
formulate treatment plan.
9.6.2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
a. Year 3
At the end of the Year 3, students are able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Demonstrate case-history taking and oro-facial examination.
Distinguish the common oral disorders and oral manifestations of systemic disorders.
Construct a comprehensive treatment plan.
Perform counselling to the patients against substance abuse.
b. Year 4
At the end of the Year 4, the students are able to:
1. Perform clinical examination and related investigations.
2. Relate the clinical and investigative findings to diagnose oral diseases/oral manifestation of systemic
diseases.
3. Formulate a comprehensive treatment plan including pharmacological management for oro-facial
diseases.
4. Perform counselling to AIDS/oral cancer patients.
5. Follow the appropriate referral protocol in patient management.
9.6.3
SUMMARY OF THEORY & CLINICAL HOURS IN ORAL MEDICINE
a.
Year 3: The SLT for clinics is integrated with the SLT of Oral Medicine
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
b.
THEORY
06
05
08
02
21
SLT
18
15
24
06
63
EXAM
SLT REVISION
01
01
-01
01
-2.5
2.5
---04
4.5
4.5
04
63+4.5+4+50 = 121.5 hrs
SLT
---04
04
CLINICAL
10
10
7.5
10
37.5
SLT
13.3
13.3
10
13.3
49.9
Year 4: The SLT for clinics is integrated with the SLT of Oral Medicine
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
9.6.4
THEORY
08
10
06
Seminar -1
Seminar - 10
35
SLT
24
30
18
04
40
116
EXAM
01
-2.5
SLT
01
-2.5
REVISION
--02
SLT
--02
05
05
--8.5
8.5
02
02
116+8.5+2+109.7 = 235.7 hrs
CLINICAL
12.5
25
22.5
SLT
16.7
33
30
22.5
92.5
30
109.7
TEACHING SCHEDULE
a. Year 3
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
Introduction to Oral
Medicine, case history and
clinical examination
1. Explain the various steps in case history
recording.
2. Distinguish the importance of general,
oral and local examination procedures.
3. Construct comprehensive treatment
plan.
1. Explain hematological, serological and
microbiological investigations.
2. Relate the results of investigations
clinically.
3. Distinguish the types of biopsies and
their indications.
1. Relate the role of Dentist in diagnosing
and managing such developmental
02
Laboratory investigations
in Oral Medicine
Developmental disorders
affecting the oro-facial
02
01
region
Premalignant diseases
II
Nutritional deficiencies
affecting the oral cavity
Salivary gland disorders
Lymphatic drainage of
head & neck & differential
diagnosis of cervical
lymphadenopathy
III
Pigmented lesions affecting
the oro-facial region
IV
Immunological diseases
affecting oro-facial region
Disorders of blood
disorders.
1. Differentiate the clinical presentation of
pre-cancerous lesions.
2. Relate the proposed major etiological
factors associated with pre malignant
lesions.
3. Identify the need to provide long term
follow up of such lesions.
1. Explain the functions of vitamins and
minerals and clinical manifestations in
their deficiency.
2. Describe the management deficiency
disorders.
1. Identify the symptoms of xerostomia/
ptylosis.
2. Differentiate the clinical manifestations
and special investigations related to
diseases affecting salivary glands.
3. Explain medical management of salivary
gland disorders.
1. Explain the distribution and functions of
cervico-facial lymph nodes.
2. Distinguish lymphadenopathies from
other disorders.
3. Analyze the importance of further
investigation for cervico-facial
lymphadenopathy.
1. Classify pigmented lesions.
2. Relate the pigmented lesions to systemic
diseases.
3. Differentiate benign and malignant
pigmented lesions.
4. Differentiate intrinsic and extrinsic
stains.
1. Classify immunological diseases.
2. Distinguish ulcerative and vesiculobullous disorders.
3. Investigate the causes for allergic
disorders.
4. Explain management protocols for
immunological disorders.
1. Explain qualitative and quantitative
disorders of blood components.
2. Relate
the
investigation
reports
clinically.
3. Choose an appropriate modification in
dental treatment plan for such patients.
02
02
03
02
02
05
03
Counselling to patients on
substance abuse and
tobacco de-addiction
protocols (Guest lecture)
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I TO IV
Oral Diagnosis/ Oral
Medicine (Integrated
with Oral Radiology)
1. Explain the methods of counselling.
2. Analyse patient attitude towards
substance abuse.
3. Construct a counselling plan for patients
with substance abuse habit.
01
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT HOURS
1. Present a comprehensive medical,
dental, personal and social history of
patient.
2. Perform examination of oro-facial
tissues.
3. Identify clinical signs and symptoms of
common oral disorders* (developmental
disorders, dental caries, pulpal and
periapical pathologies, periodontal
diseases, mucosal lesions, pigmented
lesions and salivary gland diseases).
4. Relate the existing data to a clinical
diagnosis.
5. Choose appropriate investigations.
6. Relate the results of investigations
clinically.
7. Formulate a comprehensive treatment
plan based on clinical and investigative
data.
8. Perform Counselling to patients against
tobacco, alcohol and betelnut chewing.
9. Follow appropriate specialist referral
protocols.
37.5
b.
Year 4
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
TMJ Disorders
Neurological disorders
Oro-facial Pain
II
Endocrinal disorders
affecting the oro-facial
region
Oral cancer
AIDS
III
Emergencies in Dental
practice
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
1. Describe TMJ diseases, investigations and
their pharmacological management.
2. Differentiate joint pain from muscle pain.
3. Select appropriate drugs for patients with
TMJ disorders.
4. Explain non-pharmacological methods of TMJ
disease management.
1. Differentiate neuralgic pain from other pains.
2. Explain the clinical features of oro-facial
neuralgias and facial palsy.
3. Select appropriate drugs for patients with
neuralgic pain.
1. Classify causes for oro-facial pain.
2. Differentiate neuropathic pain conditions.
3. List the treatment options for oro-facial pain
conditions.
4. Select appropriate drugs for patients with
neuropathic pain.
1. Relate the oral manifestations to the
underlying endocrinal problem.
2. Select appropriate investigations and drugs
for patients with oral manifestations.
3. Identify the role of dentist in diagnosing and
referring to a specialist.
1. Differentiate the etiological factors, clinical
features, investigations and management
principles for oral cancer.
2. Apply the TNM staging of oral cancer.
3. Summarize the oral complications of cancer
therapy (chemotherapy and radiotherapy)
and their management.
1. Distinguish oral manifestations of AIDS
patients.
2. Relate investigations and its reports to the
oral manifestations/ stage of AIDS.
3. Apply the principles of HAART in
management of such patients.
4. Decide the need for Post exposure
prophylaxis.
1. Explain the acute dental pain and its
management.
05
03
03
03
02
03
02
Dental therapeutics
1. Recommend appropriate medication for
pharmacological management of oral
diseases.
2. Analyse the drug interactions in dental
therapeutics.
03
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
1. Integrate the available data to diagnose oral
diseases/oral manifestation of systemic
diseases.
2. Distinguish the signs and symptoms of orofacial diseases with oral manifestations of
systemic disorders.
3. Formulate a comprehensive treatment plan
including pharmacological management for
oro-facial diseases.
4. Perform Counselling to oral cancer patients.
5. Display the ability to do specialist referral
appropriately.
92.5
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I - IV
SEMINARS
SL. NO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Oral Diagnosis/ Oral
Medicine (integrated
with Oral Radiology)
TOPIC
Caries detection methods
Chair side investigations for precancer/ oral cancer
Advances in pulp vitality tests
Dental management of patient with cardiac problems
Dental management of patient with renal problems
Dental management of patient with diabetes mellitus
Dental management of patient with respiratory diseases
Dental management of pregnant patient
Post exposure prophylaxis for HIV and Hepatitis
Antioxidants used in dentistry
Corticosteroids in dentistry
Evidence based dental practice
Opportunistic infections affecting the oral cavity
Probiotics in dentistry
Dental management of patient with GIT disorder
Oral cancer status in Malaysia
Management of oral problems in a cancer patient
Saliva in health and disease
Use and abuse of antibiotics
Narcotic analgesics and its use in dentistry
CONTACT
HOURS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
21.
22.
9.6.5
Psychosomatic disorders
Radio-protectors
1
1
RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS IN ORAL MEDICINE
1. Martin S. Greenberg, Michael Glick. Burket’s Text book of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis &
Treatment. 12th edition. New Delhi: Elsevier Science Asia publishers; 2011.
2. Ravikiran Ongole, Praveen BN. Text book of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine & Oral Radiology.
New Delhi: Elsevier Science India publishers; 2010.
3. Norman K Wood, Paul W Goaz. Differential diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial lesions. 5th
edition. St.Louis: Mosby; 1997.
9.7
COMMUNITY DENTISTRY
9.7.1
COURSE SYNOPSIS
Community Dentistry (or Community Oral Health or Dental Public Health) is a branch of dentistry that
aims to prevent oral disease and maintain oral health by focusing on societal influences and working
with communities as opposed to individual patients. This module helps the undergraduate develop an
understanding of how the nature of the community, access to material goods and services and broad
cultural composition will impact on disease experience, type of services preferred, their likelihood of
dental attendance and ability to maintain their own dental health. Thus this module requires an
understanding of relevant aspects of sociology, psychology, epidemiology and statistics, health
economics, evidence-based practice, health promotion and health service organization.
In Malaysia, Dental Public Health is a recognized specialty of dentistry. At the undergraduate level, the
role of the dentist as a professional within society with a responsibility in shaping future dental health
services and responding to demographic shifts, broader health needs and societal change is emphasized.
The teaching of this module thus occurs throughout the undergraduate course and will help graduates
develop and maintain an appreciation of how the environment in which people live impacts directly on
the prevalence of oral diseases and conditions, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours and the ability of
clinicians to intervene successfully and holistically to improve oral health. In the Faculty of Dentistry,
MMMC the course is designed to emphasize these aspects by organizing it into 6 modules as illustrated
below:
Social and behavioural
science in dentistry
Oral Epidemiology
and Biostatistics
Preventive Dentistry
Law and Ethics
Community Dentistry
Oral Health Promotion
and Dental Health
Education
Health Service Organization
9.7.2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
a. Year 3
At the end of the Year 3, the students are able to:
1. Demonstrate the influence of behavioural, social and environmental in the delivery of oral health
care.
2. Display effective communication with dental team, patients and other health care personnel to
facilitate the delivery of oral health care.
3. Demonstrate the health promotion and preventive measure skills for individuals and community.
4. Demonstrate the ability to respond to patients’ expectations, demands, needs and attitudes with
regard to oral health care.
b. Year 4
At the end of the Year 4, the students are able to:
1. Explain the basic statistical test use in oral epidemiological study.
2. Demonstrate ethical values and professional behaviour towards patients, members of dental team
and other health care personnel.
3. Explain the oral health delivery system of Malaysia.
4. Demonstrate prevention methods of common oral facial disease and condition based on scientific
evidence.
5. Organize a community programme to improve the oral health of the public.
9.7.3
SUMMARY OF CONTACT HOURS & SLT
a.
YEAR 3
BLOCK I
BLOCK II
BLOCK III
BLOCK IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
b.
SLT
18
21
18
18
75
Seminar
5
6
5
6
22
SLT SGA SLT PRACT SLT REV
20
13
26
1
2
2.5
24
13
26
1
20
13
26
1
2
2.5
24
13
26
88
52
104
4
5
3
75 + 88 + 104 + 5 + 3 + 2.5 = 277.5 Hrs
SLT
1
1
1
3
EXAM
1
0.5
1
2.5
SLT
1
0.5
1
2.5
YEAR 4
BLOCK I
BLOCK II
BLOCK III
BLOCK IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
c.
LECT
6
7
6
6
25
LECT.
SLT
PRACT
9
8
9
8
34
27
24
27
24
102
1
1
2
SLT
REV
Continuous
Assessment
2.5
1
1
1
1
1
0.5
2.5
1
1
3
2.5
3
3
4.5
102 + 2.5 + 3 + 7.5 = 115
YEAR 5
BLOCK III
PRACTICAL/FIELD PLACEMENT
48
SLT
96
SLT
4th Prof Exam
SLT
3
3
1
0.5
6
7.5
9.7.4
a.
TEACHING SCHEDULE
Year 3
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
1. Explain the importance of the
behavioural sciences in oral
health practices.
2. Discuss the learning outcomes of
the behavioural sciences
module.
1. Define health, disease, oral
health & oral diseases/ill health.
2. Explain determinants of health.
3. Describe the characteristics of
agent, host & environ-mental
factors in health & disease and
the multi-factorial etiology of
disease.
4. Elaborate the natural history of
disease & application of
interventions at various
prevention levels.
1. Comprehend various aspects of
social organization affecting
health. E.g. economic growth,
income distribution & poverty,
social & family structure,
education & deprivation, work
organization, job security &
unemployment.
2. Relate the complexity of
community health issues.
1. Discuss the relationships of
psychological and social factors
and health.
2. Appraise the conceptual
framework of psychosocial
model of health and its
application in oral health.
1. Examine and review the medical
model of health at work in the
1
TOPIC
Social and Behavioural Sciences in Dentistry
1. Introduction
2. Concept of health and disease
I
3. Health & the social structure
4.Psychosocial factors & dental
diseases
5.Medical model of health
1
1
1
1
6. Social model of health
7. Holistic model of patient care
8. Needs, demands & barriers to
seeking dental care
9. Dentist-patient relationship
II
10. Pain, fear and anxiety
11. Stress and Illness
generic health care.
2. Apply the medical model of
health to oral health.
3. Explore critiques of the medical
model.
1. Explore the social model of
health.
2. Review the social model at work
in the generic health care.
3. Apply the social model of health
to oral health.
4. Explore critiques of the social
model.
1. Explain the concept of disease,
impairment & disability.
2. Discuss the holistic approach to
patient care.
1. Explore the needs and demand
in seeking oral health care.
2. Examine the barriers to oral
health care.
1. Discuss a conceptual model of
how health is attained.
2. Comprehend the interplay of
above factors in the community.
1. Respect and empower the
patient of their oral health
needs.
2. Apply the principles of respect
and equal treatment need.
3. Communicate effectively with
the patient.
1. Differentiate between dental
fear & anxiety.
2. Describe the causes of fear and
the fear cycle.
3. Describe types of fear in relation
to age, gender & SES.
4. Explain the components of pain
in relation to fear.
1. Define stress and coping
mechanism.
2. Elaborate the factors influencing
& body response to stress.
3. Relate the stress coping ability to
1
1
1
1
1
1
illness.
Preventive Dentistry
12. Philosophy of health
13. Concept & levels of preventive
dentistry
II
14. Principles & prevention strategies
in Dentistry
15. Plaque & dental caries
16. History of fluoridation &
physiology of fluorides
III
17. Water fluoridation, other systemic
fluorides & topical fluorides
1. Explain dimensions & holistic
concepts of health - spiritual
health, appreciation of health as
a relative concept.
2. Relate health and wellness.
1. Define preventive dentistry &
outline its advantages.
2. Discuss the philosophies of
preventive dentistry.
3. Differentiate types of health
activities in each preventive level
& illustrate the correlation
between the health-disease
continuum & levels of
prevention.
1. Comprehend the concept of
preventive dentistry.
2. Outline the scope of preventive
dentistry.
3. Discuss the principles of
preventive dentistry.
1. Describe dental plaque.
2. Explain the role of plaque in the
etiology of dental caries.
3. Discuss acid-ion interaction at
tooth surface & the progressing
carious lesion.
1. Outline the historical background
of fluoride in relation to
dentistry.
2. Discuss the metabolism of
fluoride and fluoride toxicity.
3. Explain the mechanism of actions
of fluoride.
1. Discuss the advantages of water
fluoridation as a caries
preventive strategy.
2. Relate fluoride level to caries
experience with reference to
evidence in community studies.
3. Discuss other systemic modes of
fluoride delivery & compare its
1
1
1
1
1
1
effectiveness.
4. Apply the knowledge in
implementing preventive
approaches to control caries.
5. Describe the influencing factors
of efficacy and issues in these
methods of application.
18.Diet & dental caries
III
19. Fissure sealants
20. Periodontal diseases
21. Other oral diseases and conditions
1. Identify the key role of
etiological factors of dental
caries.
2. Explain the components of food
& classification of sugar.
3. Discuss evidence linking diet and
dental caries.
4. Briefly explain caries risk
assessment in the clinical setting.
1. Describe fissure sealant as a
preventive measure.
2. Discuss the efficiency &
feasibility of FS in caries
prevention.
3. Comprehend data to support FS
as a preventive measure.
4. Compare cost-effectiveness
between sealants & amalgam
restorations.
1. Describe key epidemiological
features of periodontal diseases.
2. Outline the main etiological
factors in periodontal diseases.
3. Critically assess preventive
options for periodontal diseases.
1. Describe key epidemiological
features of malocclusion,
enamel defects/fluorosis, oral
lesions, cleft lip & palate,
fractured teeth.
2. Outline the main etiological
factors in the above conditions.
3. Comprehend their prevention
strategies.
1
1
Oral Health Promotion and Oral Health Education
IV
22. Principles of Oral Health
Promotion
1. Define oral health promotion
(OHP) & outline the key
principles.
2. Describe the 5 areas for action in
the Ottawa Charter.
3. List potential partners & settings
for OHP.
23. Principles of Oral Health Education 1. Explain the challenges in oral
health education (OHE).
2. Explain the learning process &
state some general educational
theories.
3. Explain the current approaches
in health.
4. List the criteria of public health
problems.
24. Principles of Health Education II
1. Describe basic concepts and
approaches in OHE.
2. Describe theories of behaviour
change.
3. Describe DHE in the context of
OHP & the skills required.
4. Discuss strategies and potential
partners of OHP with the
scientific basis of DHE in mind.
25. Oral Health Education (OHE):
1. Explain instructional planning,
Planning, Biocommunication, Group
educational plan and its
Dynamics & Program evaluation
components.
2. Describe learning activities,
materials & presentation
structure.
3. Discuss options for teaching
methods.
4. Describe the need to
communicate across cultures.
5. Observe culturally sensitive
health educational materials.
SEMINARS
BLOCK TOPIC
1. OHI & oral hygiene aids for
preschool children.
2. Dietary advice for preschool
children.
3. OHI & oral hygiene aids for
primary school children aged 7-12
years.
4. Dietary advice for primary school
I to IV
children.
5. OHI & oral hygiene aids for
secondary school teenagers aged
13-17 yrs.
6. Common oral problems in
children.
7. Common oral diseases.
8. OHI & oral hygiene aids for
antenatal mothers.
9. Dietary advice for antenatal
mothers.
10. OHI & oral hygiene aids for school
teachers.
11. Dietary advice for caries control
for teachers.
12. Common oral problems in elderly
population.
13. OHI & oral hygiene aids for
geriatric patients.
14. OHI & oral hygiene aids for adults.
15. OHI & oral hygiene aids for special
children.
16. OHI & oral hygiene aids for the
bedridden, homebound &
helpless.
17. OHI & oral hygiene aids for
diabetic patients.
18. OHI & oral hygiene aids for cleft
lip & palate patient.
19. OHI & oral hygiene aids for
denture wearers.
20. Use of mouthrinses as plaque
control methods.
21. OHI and advice after tooth
extraction.
22. Early childhood caries in and its
management.
23. Correct use of the dental floss.
24. Dental problems in adolescents.
25. OHI & oral hygiene aids for
patients with orthodontic
OBJECTIVES
1. Prepare simple presentation.
2. Present in class room setting.
3. Observe feedbacks from peers
& supervisor – style, content,
organization & ability for
handling Q&A session.
CONTACT HOURS
22
appliance.
26. Post-surgical oral hygiene care for
patients with intermaxillary
fixation.
27. OHI following post radiation
therapy.
28. The use toothpaste as plaque
control agents.
29. Management of halitosis.
30. Management of oral ulcers.
SMALL GROUP ACTIVITY
BLOCK
EXERCISE
1-4
Supervised Dental Health Education
PRACTICAL/FIELD VISIT SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
3-4
1. Old Folks Home, Cheng, Melaka
2. TASKA/TADIKA
OBJECTIVES
1. Practice personalized oral
health education based on the
scientific basis, peer and
supervisor feedback.
OBJECTIVES
1. Comprehend the complex
constituent of the community
who may have barriers to achieve
optimum oral health
2. Discuss the importance of
collaboration/ partnerships with
potential partners in the
community to promote oral
health activities.
CONTACT
HOURS
52
CONTACT
HOURS
4
b.
Year 4
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
TOPIC
OBJECTIVES
CONTAC
T HOURS
1. Explain the aims of oral
epidemiology.
2. Outline the steps in conducting oral
health surveys.
3. Describe briefly the epidemiology of
common oral diseases.
1. Describe basic oral health survey & its
objectives.
2. Explain pathfinder survey.
3. Explain the various types of
epidemiology studies.
4. Describe the application of types of
study in the above.
1. Define index and elaborate
properties of an ideal index.
2. Explain briefly common indices for
oral hygiene.
3. Explain briefly the types of caries
indices & the shortfalls of the DMF
index.
4. Explain briefly other measures of oral
conditions e.g. periodontal disease,
orthodontics, oral cancer, clefts,
fluorosis, maxillofacial etc
1. Explain the importance of measuring
in clinical practice.
2. Describe incidence, prevalence &
rate.
3. Explain common measurement in
oral health e.g. caries, periodontal
disease, root caries.
1. Explain the importance of sampling,
its advantages & disadvantages.
2. Describe common types of sampling
method e.g. random, non-random &
its properties.
3. Explain common methods used to
calculate sample size.
1
Oral Epidemiology and Biostatistics
I
1. Introduction
2.Types of epidemiological
studies
3. Dental indices
4. Measurement of disease
5. Sampling
1
1
1
1
6. Planning an epidemiological
study
7. Data collection and
management
8. Measures of central tendencies
9. Measures of distributions
II
10. Probability and hypothesis
11. Tests of significance
12. Critical evaluation of
published paper
1. Explain the significance of
epidemiology data.
2. Describe the steps in carrying out a
study.
3. Consider relevant issues in the
conduct of a study.
1. Differentiate primary and secondary
data.
2. Explain the reliability and validity of
data.
3. Describe the objectives of classifying
data e.g. geographical, chronological,
qualitative, quantitative.
1. Describe types of measures of
central tendency.
2. Explain types of mean, median,
mode and its relationship in normal
and skewed distribution.
1. Describe types of frequency
distributions e.g. relative frequency,
percentage frequency, cumulative
frequency & cumulative relative
frequency.
2. Understand measures of dispersion
e.g. range, quartile, standard
deviation, variance, coefficient of
variance, standard error & degree of
freedom.
1. Define important concepts
probability and types of probability.
2. Briefly describe probability
distribution, binomial distribution,
Poisson distribution, Gaussian
distribution and its properties.
3. Understand statistical inference.
1. Define hypothesis e.g. null and
alternative hypothesis.
2. Explain steps for testing the
hypothesis.
3. Identify type I & type II errors.
4. Demonstrate computation of tests of
significance, parametric & no
parametric tests.
1. Define evidence-based medicine
(EBM) & evidence-based Dentistry
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(EBD).
2. Describe the reasons for the
development of EBM & EBD.
3. List the nomenclatures of EBD.
4. Implement EBD approach to clinical
problem.
Health Service Organization
II
13. Principles of planning
14. Principles of evaluation
15. Oral Care Delivery System of
Malaysia 1 (OCDSM I): Historical
review
16. OCDSM 2: Dental care
services in the National Health
Development Program
17. OCDSM 3: Ministry of Health Organization, structure, function
& role of dental care service
III
18. OCDSM 4: Dental manpower
& auxiliaries
1. Elaborate principles of planning
dental services e.g. planning cycle.
2. Describe the information needed in
planning dental services.
3. Recall the concepts of need.
4. Define quality of care and clinical
governance.
1. Define health care program/service &
program evaluation.
2. Describe the comprehensive
evaluation model e.g. program cycle
and various evaluation methods.
1. Explain the origins and development
of dental services in Malaysia.
2. Describe dental facilities e.g. main
dental clinic, decentralized dental
clinic, hospital dental clinic, school
dental clinic, school dental center,
mobile dental squad.
1. Describe target or priority groups in
the national health system.
2. Explain the utilization of oral health
care services.
3. Describe the oral health profile of
Malaysian population.
1. Understand the hierarchy in health
organization of Ministry of Health.
2. Describe the role of the Dental
Division MOH in the provision of oral
health care services.
3. Comprehend the various additional
dental care programs e.g. toddler,
preschool, elderly, special needs.
1. Elaborate on the manpower
resources in the oral care delivery
system in Malaysia.
2. Illustrate and compare manpower
and dental auxiliaries with other
1
1
1
1
1
1
III
19. OCDSM 5: Health
Management & Information
System (HMIS) – General
Principles
20. OCDSM 6: HMIS – Dental
services
21. OCDSM 7: Problems and
Constraints in the National
Oral Care Delivery Service
22. Practice management
23. Changing oral disease pattern
I: Dental caries & periodontal
countries e.g. dental hygienists,
therapists, dental aide, dental
educators.
1. Outline the reasons for the
development of HMIS.
2. State the objectives of HMIS.
3. Describe the advantages of HMIS in
the provision of quality oral health
care.
1. Describe the diversity of dental
services provided e.g. prevention,
promotion, rehabilitative to target
groups.
2. Compare service orientation as a
country progresses economically.
3. Describe key oral health gain goals
caries, periodontal disease, enamel
opacities, oral cancer, dental injuries.
1. Discuss achievements of the National
Oral Health care services.
2. Highlight current problems and
constraints.
3. Discuss the role of oral health
professionals in public & private
services, industry, teaching
institutions.
4. Elaborate the role of oral care
industry towards improving oral
health e.g. affordable quality
products, advertising & awareness,
continuing professional
development.
1. Recognize basic concepts of quality
assurance & practice management.
2. Work in collaboration as a member of
an interdisciplinary team, share
information and professional
knowledge with both the patient and
other professionals.
3. Adopt a creative attitude in an ethical
& scientific approach in clinical
practice and cultivate habit of lifelong learning.
1. Describe trends in dental caries &
periodontal disease in Malaysia.
1
1
1
1
1
diseases
24. Changing oral disease pattern
II: Other oral diseases &
related
2. Compare these diseases trends with
other regions.
1. Describe disease trends - cleft lip &
palate, oral cancer, oral lesions,
tooth wear etc. in Malaysia.
2. Compare these trends with other
regions.
1
Law & Ethics
III
IV
25. The Malaysian legal system 1. Explain the legal structure of
Malaysia e.g. legislative, executive,
and its implication to dentistry
judiciary branch.
2. Explain the state and civil society,
ethics & the civil service.
3. Outline the vision of health for
Malaysia.
4. Understand the Private Health Care
Facilities and Service Act 1998.
1. Explain the Malaysian Dental Act
26. Malaysian Dental Act
1971.
2. Comprehend the laws and regulation
related to the practice of dentistry in
Malaysia.
27. Malaysian Dental Council
1. Explain the role and function of
professional organization and
(MDC)
regulatory body.
2. Describe the importance of the
annual practicing certificate to legally
practice in the country.
3. Comprehend the role code of
professional conduct from the
Malaysian Dental Council.
1. Describe analysis of subjects, skill,
28. Dental jurisprudence 1
care & judgment.
2. Explain types of negligence,
malpractice and consent.
3. Explain the professional duties of care
in dentistry in line with Patients’
Charter.
1. Describe compensation, license,
29. Dental jurisprudence 2
contractual and business relation.
2. Understand breach of contract,
liability for infecting a patient, illegal
practice.
3. Understand the role of the dentist as
1
1
1
1
1
IV
30. Dental ethics 1
31. Dental ethics 2
32. Other related acts
33. Forensic Dentistry 1
34. Forensic Dentistry 2
a witness, privilege communications,
and expert testimony.
1. Define ethics and code of ethics in
dentistry.
2. Describe profession, professional &
professionalism in relation to
dentistry.
3. Explain obligations to patients & what
the ‘best interest’ of the patient is.
1. Describe ethical issues in abuse of
prescriptions by patients, advertising,
competence and judgment, child
abuse, confidentiality, disclosure &
misinterpretation, informed consent
& refusal.
2. Understand ethical decision making
which are governed by decision
principles, decision elements &
decision models.
3. Explain some important terms e.g.
core values, autonomy, beneficence,
compassion, competence, integrity,
justice, tolerance & veracity.
1. Describe the Consumer Protection
Act in relation to dentist & patient.
2. Define complaint, causes of filing
complaints, time limit to file a
complaint.
1. Elaborate common reasons for
identification of found human
remains.
2. Elaborate on the principles and
methods of dental identification age, sex, size of teeth, race,
nonmetric dental traits and
morphological characteristics.
1. Describe mass disaster identification.
2. Briefly outline the use of dental DNA
for identification, identification by
blood grouping on dental tissues and
facial reconstruction.
1
1
1
1
1
ORAL HEALTH PROMOTION/OUTREACH PROJECT SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
OBJECTIVES
I & II
1. Oral Health Campaigns
CONTACT HOURS
1. Participate in OHP activities screening, prepare OHE materials,
give OHE and provide simple dental
treatment.
2. Plan & organize activities according
to suitability of venue, audience,
facilities.
2
TEACHING-LEARNING ACTIVITIES: Year 3, 4 and 5
No.
1
2
3
Description
Hours
Seminars
Seminar is undertaken throughout year 3 where students work in groups.
Various topics are designed to reflect current issues in oral health care that
allows the integration of knowledge obtained throughout the duration the
course. Students need to do literature search or resourcing information,
22
prepare audio-visual-aids and practice presentation skills in class room setting
to benefit the whole group/batch. Student or presenter competency is graded
on the presentation day according to the criteria defined in the logbook. Peer
and supervisor feedback is encouraged to improve style, content, organization
of presentation and the skills to handle questions and answers. These sessions
allow the practice of effective communication skills.
Small group activities (SGA)
Personalized dental or oral health education practice in the Dental Health
Education (DHE) Unit is deemed necessary before students can provide
comprehensive advice to patients. These sessions are arranged in the early part
of clinical years. In these sessions, students explain and demonstrate oral
hygiene techniques in easy to understand language to their peers so that dental
health advice can be easily understood and carried out. Students develop skills
in explaining common oral diseases such as causes of caries and periodontal
disease, effective methods of plaque control, dietary advice and the proper use
of fluorides. Students practice to demonstrate methods of brushing, flossing,
using mouth rinses and highlight the importance of regular dental visits
according to checklists in the logbook. Students are assessed by peers and
supervisors. Feedback and discussions will improve DHE so that uniform and
accurate information is given to the general public. This module serves to
develop confidence in giving oral health information. This activity is another
form of formative assessment in the undergraduate training where the teacher
facilitates and coaches the students intensively and repeatedly.
Practical/Field visit
In year 3, students get to visit other organizations such as Old Folks Home,
TASKA/TADIKA, Institutions for the disabled (OKU/Spastic Centre) etc. to
comprehend the complex constituent of the community where some people
may have barriers and issues in achieving optimum oral health. Learners will
then discuss the importance of collaboration as well as establish partnerships
with potential partners such as teachers/carers in the community to promote
52
4
oral health activities. This session will highlight the need to empower the
community to maintain optimum oral health by developing good and effective
oral hygiene habits. Students then provide a reflective write-up of the session.
Supervisors provide constructive feedbacks in this formative assessment to
encourage teacher-student input in facilitating learning.
4
5
9.7.5
Oral health promotion/Outreach projects
This is carried out in year 4 where students participate in oral health promotion
activities or campaigns outside the class room or clinic setting. They will have
the opportunity to conduct screening of dental patients, prepare appropriate
OHE materials, conduct DHE sessions and provide simple dental treatment in
real time. This experiential learning serves to enable students to appreciate the
need to plan and organize activities according to the suitability of infrastructure
such as venue, audience and facilities available. Creative skills will be required
to create dental awareness and promote effective and sustainable oral health
habits or practices among the community. After the session, students then
prepare a concise reflection of the activity to inculcate the importance of
documentation, noting down the analysis of strength, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats (SWOT) in the project. This reflection helps the
learner to identify areas to improve in future activities.
Practical Field placement
This module is planned in year 5 of the undergraduate training where they have
completed all Community Dentistry syllabi. Students work in groups and are
placed at various states in the country to observe the implementation of
community oral health and oral health care programs run by the Oral Health
Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia. This planned placement is headed by
respective faculty playing the lead role of supervisors. Faculties of the
department will ensure students understand the and relate the theoretical
knowledge of oral health care services delivery with the practicality of
conducting/implementing dental services in varied community settings to
provide oral health care for all. Students will then prepare a comprehensive
group report of the activity to reflect understanding and will include private
sector/organization visits. This component is a mandatory prerequisite for the
5th Professional BDS Examination.
2
48
RECOMMENED TEXTBOOKS IN COMMUNITY DENTISTRY
1. Murray JJ, Nunn H, Steele G. Prevention of Oral Diseases. Oxford University Press 2003
2. Daly B, Watt R, Batchelor P, Treasure E. Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press 2002
3. Gluck GM, Morganstein WM. Jong’s Community Dental Health. Mosby: St Louis 2003
4. Hiremath SS. Textbook of Preventive and Community Dentistry. 2nd edition Elsevier 2011
5. Pine CM and Harris R. Community Oral Health. 2nd edition Quintessence 2007
9.8 PROSTHODONTICS
9.8.1
COURSE SYNOPSIS
Prosthodontics is the branch of dentistry pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment planning, rehabilitation
and maintenance of the oral function, comfort, appearance and health of patients with clinical
conditions associated with missing or deficient teeth and/or oral and maxillofacial tissues using
biocompatible substitutes. This subject helps the undergraduate students to develop the sound
knowledge in diagnosis and treatment planning for partially or fully edentulous patients requiring
removable or fixed prosthetic service, understand the concepts and principles in designing a cast partial
denture or fixed partial denture, successfully fabricate and deliver the prosthesis with adequate post
insertion instructions and a customized follow up regime It also helps the undergraduate students to
develop the basic knowledge in Advanced Prosthodontics such as Ceramic laminates, over denture and
immediate denture, maxillo-facial prosthetics and implant prosthetics.
9.8.2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
a. Year 3
At the end of Year 3 the students are able to:
1. Explain the basic principles and concepts of designing and fabricating removable prosthesis.
2. Demonstrate the ability to assess a patient’s prosthetic requirements, diagnose the oral conditions,
formulate a treatment plan with professional ethical consideration and fabricate denture for a partially
or full edentulous patient.
3. Display the ability to communicate and correspond effectively with technicians, oral health
professional and patients in providing effective service to a patient requiring removable prosthesis and
referral of complex cases.
4. Distinguish between a removable and fixed prosthetic solutions for the patient requiring prosthesis.
b. Year 4
At the end of Year 4 student shall be able to:1. Justify the principles and concepts of designing and fabricating the fixed prosthesis in replacing
missing dentition.
2. Demonstrate complex restorative procedures including onlays, single crowns and short-span bridge
on simulated cases.
3. Perform removable prosthetic procedure for replacement of missing dentition.
c. Year 5
At the end of Year 5 student shall be able to:1. Define the principles in fabricating the Special need prosthesis and Implant prosthesis.
2. Perform assessment of patient prosthetic requirements, diagnose the oral conditions and formulate a
treatment plan with professional ethics /ethical consideration.
3. Demonstrate the ability to communicate and correspond effectively with technicians, other oral
health professional and patients in providing effective service to a patient requiring removable and/or
fixed prosthesis and referral of complex cases.
4. Perform complex restorative procedures including onlays, single crowns and short-span bridge on
simulated cases.
9.8.3
CONTACT HOURS & STUDENTS LEARNING TIME (SLT) IN PROSTHODONTICS
a.
Year 3
BLOCK
THEORY
SLT
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
9
8
8
8
33
27
24
24
24
99
BLOCK
THEORY
SLT
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
10
09
10
03
32
30
27
30
09
96
THEORY
10
1
SLT
30
3
b.
c.
EXAMINATION
SLT
REVISION
3
SLT
CLINICAL
SLT
PRACTICAL
SLT
12.5
10.5
12.5
12.5
47.5
16.7
13.3
16.7
16.7
63.4
27
30
27
33
117
36
40
36
44
156
CLINICAL
SLT
PRACTICAL
SLT
25
25
24
25
99
34
34
34
34
136
15
12
17
16
60
CLINICAL
90
90
68
63
300
SLT
120
120
91
84
415
SEMINAR
SLT
11
10
21
44
40
84
3
1
3
1
3
4
3
3
4
6
6
99+4+6+63.4+156 = 330
Year 4
EXAMINATION
SLT
1T
3C
1
1
4
4
EXAMINATION
SLT
1T
1
REVISION
SLT
8
8
8
8
96+4+8+136+80 = 324
20
16
23
21
80
Year 5
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
11
33
5M
6
5
6
REVISION
SLT
9
9
9
9
33+6+9+415+84 = 547
9.8.4
TEACHING SCHEDULE IN PROSTHODONTICS
a. Year 3
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
II
TOPIC
OBJECTIVES
Revision of topics covered in 1st &2nd 1. Organize the knowledge gained
years
in complete denture topics in Phase
I.
2. Use appropriate concept and
techniques in fabrication of the
complete denture for completely
edentulous patients.
Relining and rebasing of complete 1. Explain the concepts behind
dentures
relining and rebasing.
2. Apply appropriate method for
relining and rebasing.
Repair of complete dentures
1. Analyze the rationale for repair
of a complete denture.
2. Apply the techniques in repairing
a fractured complete denture.
Introduction to removable partial 1. Describe the differences
dentures
between
a
definitive
and
temporary partial denture.
2. List the protocol for treating a
patient requiring cast partial
denture.
Classifications of partially edentulous 1. Classify a partially edentulous
states
arch.
2. Apply Applegate’s rules in
classifying partially edentulous
arches.
Maxillary and Mandibular major 1. Analyze the rationale behind
connectors
using various types of major
connector.
2. Choose the right major
connector for the particular
partially edentulous situation.
Minor connectors
1. Analyze the rationale behind
using various types of minor
connector.
2. Choose the right choice of Minor
connector for the particular
partially denture design.
CONTACT
HOURS
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
Rest & rest seat
III
1. List the choice of rest and rest
seat.
2. Choose the right rest and rest
seat for particular partially
edentulous situation.
Direct retainers
1. Demonstrate the role and
purpose of using a direct retainer in
a partial denture.
2. Select an appropriate retainer
for the partial denture.
Indirect retainers
1. List various type of Indirect
retainer.
2. Select right Indirect retainer for
the particular partially edentulous
situation.
Denture base
1. Analyze the rationale behind
using various types of saddle in a
removable partial denture.
2. Select the right choice of denture
base and teeth for the particular
partially edentulous situation.
Stresses induced by RPD and stress 1. Analyze various stresses acting
breakers
on the partial denture.
2. Apply the knowledge in the
designing of the partial denture to
eliminate the stress caused by it.
Surveyor and Surveying
1. Analyze the role of Surveyor and
need for surveying.
2. Apply the knowledge in the
diagnosis and planning the
treatment.
Oral examination and diagnosis
1. Explain need for diagnosis and
treatment planning.
2. Apply the knowledge in the
diagnosis and planning the
treatment.
Mouth preparation
1. Explain various phases of Mouth
preparation.
The diagnostic cast and its uses
1. Explain the purpose a diagnostic
cast.
2. Explain the uses of fabricating a
diagnostic cast.
Impression registration procedures
1. Distinguish the significance of
various impression techniques.
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
IV
2. Apply the knowledge and select
appropriate
technique
for
particular situation.
Support for removable partial denture 1. Explain the significance of
support
in
partial
denture
construction.
1. Explain various factors in
Removable partial denture designdesigning cast partial dentures.
Class 1,2,3&4
2. Apply the clinical reasoning in
the decision making for a particular
design.
Removable partial denture opposing 1. Explain the problems associated
complete denture
with single complete dentures.
2. Apply the clinical reasoning in
the handling of such situations.
Laboratory procedures
1. Describe various laboratory steps
in fabricating a RPD.
Instructions for a patient receiving 1. Explain the importance of giving
RPD service
post insertion instructions to a
patient wearing a partial denture.
Acrylic partial dentures
1. Explain the purpose and
limitations of Acrylic partial
denture.
Total number of lectures – 33 hours
PRACTICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
OBJECTIVES
Block I, II, III, IV Fabrication of record base, 1. Formulate a treatment
occlusal rims and teeth plan for a class II or Class III
arrangement in Class II and jaw relation patient.
Class III relation.
2. Display the ability to do
Class II and Class III teeth
arrangement.
1
2
1
1
2
1
CONTACT HOURS
117
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
Block I, II, III, IV
EXERCISE
OBJECTIVES
Examination,
1. Demonstrate the ability to assess
diagnosis
and a patient’s prosthetic requirements,
diagnose the oral conditions,
treatment planning
formulate a treatment plan with
Fabrication of partial professional ethical consideration
denture
and fabricate partial denture for a
partially edentulous patient.
CONTACT HOURS
47
2. Distinguish between a removable
and fixed prosthetic solutions for the
patient requiring prosthesis.
b. Year 4
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
Introduction to fixed partial denture
prosthodontics
Diagnosis and treatment planning
Abutment evaluation
Classification of fixed partial denture
Indications and contraindications of
fixed partial dentures
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT HOURS
1. Explain FPD.
2. Explain importance of
each component that
makes up a FPD.
1. Explain need for
diagnosis and treatment
planning.
2. Apply the knowledge in
the diagnosis and planning
the FPD treatment.
1. Choose an abutment for
fixed prosthesis.
2. Justify the evaluation
protocol for abutment
selection.
1. Explain the need for
classification.
2. Demonstrate the ability
to name a particular bridge.
1. Differentiate between
fixed
and
removable
prosthesis.
2. Apply the knowledge in
making the choice.
1
2
1
1
1
Biomechanical and bioengineering
considerations
II
Jacket crown (Central incisior), Anterior
¾ crown(Canine), Mesial ½ crown,7/8
crown, Complete veneer crown
Post and core preparation
Provisional restorations
III
Retainers
Pontics
Connectors
Basic concepts of occlusion
Occlusion and restorative procedure
Fluid control and Gingival tissue
management
Impression procedures
1. Understand and analyze
various factors affecting a
partial denture.
2. Apply the knowledge in
the designing of the Fixed
partial denture.
1. Explain the basic
principles
in
tooth
preparation.
2. Apply the knowledge
during tooth preparation.
1. Apply the basic principles
in
post
and
core
fabrication.
2. Explain the various post
systems.
1. Explain the need for
provisional restoration.
2. Judge and select an
appropriate method of
fabrication for a patient.
1. Explain retainers.
2. Explain rationale behind
using them.
1. Explain pontics.
2. Explain rationale behind
using them.
1. Explain connectors.
2. Explain rationale behind
using them.
1. Explain occlusion and
significance.
1. Explain occlusion and
significance.
2. Apply the principles in
developing the occlusion.
1. Explain the need for fluid
control
and
gingival
retraction.
2. Demonstrate the
understanding of the
procedure.
1. Differentiate between
impression techniques.
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
IV
2.
Demonstrate
appropriate
impression
procedure for a patient.
1. Differentiate between
Die materials and Die systems
various die systems.
2. Explain the process of
fabrication of a die.
Wax pattern
1. Relate the basic
structure and anatomy of
tooth in wax pattern
fabrication.
Spruing and Investing
1. Understand and apply
the basic principles spruing
and investing.
Casting, finishing and Polishing
1. Explain the various
casting, finishing and
polishing procedure.
Soldering
1. Understand and Apply
the basic principles in
soldering.
Cementation
1. Differentiate various
cements and their uses in
Fixed Prosthodontics.
Failure of the Bridge
1. Understand and explain
the reason for failure of the
bridge.
Total number of lectures – 30 hours
PRACTICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I, II, III, IV
- Tooth Preparation for PFM
crown.
- Wax pattern fabrication.
- Cementation.
OBJECTIVES
1. Demonstrate complex
restorative
procedures
including onlays, single
crowns and short-span
bridge on simulated cases.
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
CONTACT HOURS
60
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I, II, III, IV
- Examination, Diagnosis and
treatment plan for edentulous
patients.
- Fabricate Acrylic partial
denture cast partial denture,
immediate denture and
complete denture.
- Prepare the anterior tooth
for Porcelain Bonded to metal
bridge(PBM) and cement the
same
OBJECTIVES
1. Perform removable
prosthetic procedure for
replacement of missing
dentition.
CONTACT HOURS
99
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT HOURS
c. Year 5
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK TOPIC
I
Immediate denture treatment
Over denture
Geriatrics
Splints and Stents
Maxillofacial prosthesis
obturator , eye, nose and ear prothesis
1. Explain the need for
immediate denture.
2. Analyze the patients
need and requirement in
fabricating an immediate
denture.
1. Explain the need for over
denture.
2. Analyze the patients
need and prosthetic
requirement in fabricating
an over denture.
1. Explain the treatment
options for geriatric
patients.
1. List the Splints and stents
used in prosthodontics.
2. Demonstrate splints and
stents
selection
for
particular
partially
edentulous situation.
1. Explain various
maxillofacial prosthesis.
2. Explain importance of
each.
1
1
1
1
1
Implant-History and Osseointegration
Implant and abutment Classification
Implant Prosthodontics
Implant-Impression procedures
Implant-Aesthetic considerations in
II, III,
IV
Laminates and Aesthetic dentistry
1. Explain the basic
principles
in
implant
treatment.
2. Explain the
ossseointegration.
1. Define and classify
various abutments.
2. Explain the usage of
each.
1. Explain the prosthetic
options in implant
dentistry.
1. Explain the impression
procedure in implantology.
2. Explain aesthetic
considerations and its
importance in
implantology.
1. Explain the need for
laminates.
2. List the protocol for
treating a patient with
aesthetic consideration.
1
1
1
1
1
1
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I, II, III, IV
-
Complete denture(Replica
denture)
Porcelain Bonded to metal
Crown(PBM) -Posterior
Full Porcelain crown
Porcelain Bonded to metal
Bridge(Anterior or Posterior)
Post and Core
Porcelain Veneer
OBJECTIVES
1. Perform assessment of patient
prosthetic requirements, diagnose the
oral conditions and formulate a
treatment plan with professional ethics
/ethical consideration.
CONTACT
HOURS
300
2. Demonstrate the ability to
communicate
and
correspond
effectively with technicians, other oral
health professional and patients in
providing effective service to a patient
requiring removable and/or fixed
prosthesis and referral of complex
cases.
3. Perform complex restorative
procedures including onlays, single
crowns and short-span bridge on
simulated cases.
SEMINAR TOPICS IN PROSTHODONTICS
Sl. No
Topic
1.
Muscle of mastication and its significance in prosthodontics
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Saliva and its role in prosthodontics
Nutrition in geriatric patients
Gagging and its management in prosthodontics
Occlusion in natural dentition
Retention in Maxillo-facial Prosthesis
Materials used for Maxillo-Facial Prosthesis
Obturators
Splints and Stents
Tissue conditioners & different types of post-operative dressing materials/medicaments
Recent development in the Science of impression materials
Latest concept and recent advances in dental cements
Non Surgical &Surgical management of Complete Denture Patient
Residual ridge resorption
Esthetics and dentogenic concepts
Speech and its role in CD Service
Complete denture Impressions – Theories, concepts, technique and materials
Posterior palatel seal , important land mark in CD fabrication
Combination syndrome-complications and remedy
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
9.8.5
Classification of partial edentulous situations
Surveyors and surveying
Impression techniques in RPD
Role of implants in removable partial dentures
Problems and management of Kennedy Class I and Class II partially edentulous conditions
Semi-precission attachments –adjunct in partial denture construction
Scope and limitations of FPD
Perio-Prostho inter-relationship
Principles in designing a fixed partial denture
Pontic Design and modifications
Non-rigid connector in FPD
Soldering in fixed partial denture
Failures in fixed partial dentures
Implant supported removable prosthesis
Implant supported fixed prosthesis
Immediate loading implantology
RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS IN PROSTHODONTICS
1. Boucher’s Prosthetic Treatment for Edentulous patients. Hickey and Zarb 12th ed. 1975, CV Mosby
Co.
2. Essentials of Complete Denture. Sheldon Winker 2nd ed. 2000. AITBS Publishers.
3. Removable Partial Denture. Ernest L. Miller 2nd ed. 1989. CBS Publisher, N. Delhi.
4. Herbert T. Shillingburg, Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics, Third edition. Quintessence
publisher: USA; 1981
5. Carl Misch, Contemporary Implant Dentistry, Third edition. Mosby Elsevier publisher:USA;2008
6. Varoujan A. Chalian, Joe B. Drane and S. Miles Standish, Maxillofacial Prosthetics:
Multidisciplinary Practice 1972
7. Stephen F. Rosenstiel, Martin F. Land, Junhei Fujimoto : Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics,
Third edition. Mosby publisher: USA; 1995
8. Alan B. Carr, Glen P. McGivney, David T.Brown McCracken's Removable Partial Prosthodontics.
Eleventh edition , United States of America: Elsevier Publishers; 2005.
9. Stewart, Rudd, Kuebker , Kubulky William A. Clinical Partial Prosthodontics. Second edition,
Ishiyaku Euro-America: Inc. Publishers; 2003.
9.9
PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY
9.9.1
COURSE SYNOPSIS
Pediatric dentistry focuses on pediatric/adolescent growth and development, disease causality and
prevention, child psychology and management, and all aspects of the highly-specialized Pediatric
restorative techniques and modalities. This discipline emphasizes the establishment of trust and
confidence in children with their dentists. Consequently, one of the main components of pediatric
training is child psychology. This manifests itself in special office designs, different communication styles
and an emphasis on teaching preventative dental habits to children in an effort to make dental visits
comfortable. It also deals in the care of “special needs” patients, such as people with cerebral palsy,
mental retardation and autism.
9.9.2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
a. Year 3
At the end of the Year 3, students are able to:-
1. Relate the clinical significance of common dental developmental aberrancies and age-related
occlusal disharmony to the treatment plan.
2. Analyse the various stages of psychological development in children and its implications in
patient management.
3. Follow various non-pharmacological behaviour management techniques in clinical practise
including the ability to communicate appropriate to level of understanding of the child.
4. Organize an appropriate step wise treatment plan based on case history and diagnosis.
5. Demonstrate the procedures in pit and fissure sealing and simple restorations.
b. Year 4
At the end of the Year 4, the students are able to:1.
Perform pulp therapy procedures, manipulation of materials used and post treatment
restoration.
2.
Formulate a treatment plan for children with facial trauma including traumatized primary and
permanent anterior teeth.
3.
Demonstrate step-wise procedure in simple extractions among children.
4.
Formulate a treatment plan for space management as well as interception of oral habits, based
on clinical findings and investigations.
5. Explain the pedodontic management of physically, mentally and medically compromised
patients and to practice ethically.
c. Year 5
At the end of the Year 5, the students are able to:1. Demonstrate ability to acquire knowledge and scientific evidence in current developments in
dentistry.
2. Perform simple restorative procedures in primary and permanent dentition including pulp
management of single rooted teeth in children.
3. Formulate full mouth rehabilitation including management of children with special needs.
9.9.3
SUMMARY OF THEORY & CLINICAL HOURS IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY
a. Year 3
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
THEORY
04
04
05
05
18
SLT
12
12
15
15
54
EXAM
THEORY
09
09
10
11
39
SLT
27
27
30
33
117
EXAM
SLT
01
01
01
01
SLT
40
36
4
EXAM
SLT
01
01
01
01
02
SLT
PRACTICAL
12
01
15
01
15
12
02
54
54+02+72+60 = 188 Hrs
SLT
16
20
20
16
72
CLINICAL
22.5 Hrs
SLT
30 Hrs
22.5 Hrs
30 Hrs
45
60
b. Year 4
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
02
PRACTICAL
15
15
SLT
20
20
02
30
40
117+02+40+94.6 = 253.6
CLINICAL
18
18
17
18
72
SLT
24
24
22.6
24
94.6
c. Year 5
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
SEMINAR
10
09
01
21
84
05
06
REVISION
SLT
09
09
05
09
09
06
18
18
84+06+18+209.2 = 317.2
CLINICAL
40
40
40
37
157
SLT
53.3
53.3
53.3
49.3
209.2
9.9.4
TEACHING SCHEDULE IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY
a. Year 3
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
Introduction to Pediatric
Dentistry
Outline of principles of
examination, diagnosis and
treatment planning
Radiology for the child patient
II
Development of dentition
III
Development of Occlusion
Child Psychology
IV
Behaviour Management
OBJECTIVES
1. Explain the goals of Pediatric Dentistry.
2. Explain the differences between the child
patient from an adult patient and the need
to modify the treatment protocol to suit a
child.
3. Relate Pediatric Dentistry to other health
sciences in multi-disciplinary approach.
1. Prepare case history record of a child
patient including its clinical significance.
2. Formulate a treatment plan based on case
history and diagnosis.
1. Choose various radiographic techniques
based on indications.
2. Apply behaviour management in radiology
and consider modifications for infants and
children with disabilities.
1. Explain normal and abnormal dental
development.
2. Formulate a treatment plan for common
aberrancies in dental development.
1. Explain the pre-dentate, primary, mixed and
permanent dentition phases of normal
occlusal development.
2. Explain age-wise transient malocclusion
including deep bite, open bite, spacing,
ugly-duckling stage and end-on molar
relations.
1. Explain the normal psychological
development.
2. Apply the knowledge of psychological
development in effectively managing child
patients.
1. Classify patients behaviour based on various
behaviour rating scales.
2. Distinguish the factors affecting child’s
behaviour.
3. Describe the pharmacological and nonpharmacological behaviour management
techniques including the communication
appropriate to level of understanding of the
child as well as the effects of such
modalities on the psychological
development of the child.
CONTACT
HOURS
1
2
2
2
3
4
4
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I, II, III, IV
EXERCISE
OBJECTIVES
- Record case history and
formulate a treatment plan.
- Behavior management
techniques.
- Pit and fissure sealing and
simple restorations.
1. Record case history of a child
patient and explain its
significance.
2. Organize an appropriate step
wise treatment plan based on
diagnosis.
3. Follow the various nonpharmacological behaviour
management techniques
including the ability to
communicate appropriate to
level of understanding of the
child.
4. Demonstrate the procedures
in pit and fissure sealing and
restoration of simple cavities.
CONTACT
HOURS
45
b. Year 4
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
Preventive Children
Dentistry
Pediatric Operative Dentistry
I & II
Pulp Therapy
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
1. Explain the aims, objectives and
methods in preventive dentistry.
2. Demonstrate dietary analysis and
counselling, home oral health care and
infant oral health care in clinical practise
including communication with the
patient and parent.
1. Differentiate between primary and
permanent teeth and its clinical
significance in operative procedures.
2. Apply isolation techniques and matrices
for successful operative procedures.
3. Explain the indications, contraindications
and steps involved in use of stainless
steel crowns, polycarbonate and strip
crowns.
1. Apply the principles of pulp therapy in
children including direct and indirect
pulp capping, pulpotomy, pulpectomy,
apexogenesis and apexification.
2. Classify materials used in pulp therapy
including its manipulation.
4
3
2&3
II
Rampant Caries / Early
Childhood Caries
Trauma and its sequelae in
children
II & III
III
Pediatric considerations in
Oral Surgery
Oral Habits
III & IV Space Management
IV
Minimal Intervention
Dentistry
Children with special needs
1. Explain the etiology and clinical features
of Early Childhood Caries and Rampant
Caries.
2. Formulate a treatment plan for a child
with rampant caries.
3. Use of preventive measures including
the role of fluoride varnish in the
management of patients with rampant
caries.
1. Explain various treatment options for
age-wise management of facial trauma
in children.
2. Formulate a treatment plan for
traumatized primary as well as
permanent anterior teeth based on
clinical examination and diagnosis.
3. Demonstrate the procedures in
management of avulsed teeth including
transport media and splinting
techniques.
1. Explain the difference in local anesthetic
procedures in the control of pain related
to pediatric patients.
2. Explain extraction of primary teeth and
minor oral surgical procedures among
children.
1. Classify oral habits.
2. Explain its effects on oro-facial
development.
3. Formulate a treatment plan for
management of oral habits based on
investigations and diagnosis.
1. Explain space management and space
loss and factors influencing space loss.
2. Apply procedures in space management
including serial extraction and use of
space maintainer / regainers.
3. Apply the knowledge of growth and
development in managing incipient
malocclusions.
1. Explain various techniques used in
minimal intervention dentistry.
2. Select appropriate minimal intervention
techniques, newer methods and
materials for use in clinical practise.
1. Explain the objectives and goals of
special care dentistry.
2. Explain the pedodontic management of
physically, mentally and medically
compromised patients and to practice
ethically.
2
4
2
5
3&1
2
4
IV
Child abuse and neglect
3. Analyse clinical situations, find ideas and
alternative solutions including the need
for referral in children with special
needs.
1. Explain clinical signs in child abuse and
various medico-legal and social issues
related to it.
2. Select behaviour management
techniques in management of abused
children.
3. Display the ability to build good relations
in the medical and legal fraternity and to
work effectively with them and to
practice ethically.
2
PRACTICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I & II
EXERCISE
- Pulp therapy on extracted
primary teeth.
- Habit breaking appliance and
space maintainer or regainer.
- Stainless steel crown
manipulation.
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
1. Follow step-wise procedure
in carrying out pulp therapy
on extracted teeth.
2. Construct removable habit
breaking appliance and space
maintainer or regainer.
3. Manipulate stainless steel
crowns including cementation
on to extracted primary teeth.
30
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
III & IV
EXERCISE
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
-Behavior management
- Extractions, Pulp
therapy
1. Display the ability to apply the various
pharmacological and non-pharmacological
behaviour management techniques
including the ability to communicate
appropriate to level of understanding of
the child.
2. Follow step-wise procedure in
uncomplicated extraction, restorations and
pulp therapy of primary teeth.
72
c. Year 5
SEMINARS
Sl.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Topic
Fluorides in dentistry
Caries vaccines
Methods of in-vitro and in-vivo growth assessment
Minimal intervention dentistry
Prosthetic needs in pediatric dentistry
Recent advances in restorative dentistry
Advanced diagnostic aids for detection of dental caries
Periodontal problems in children and its management
Dental emergencies in pediatric dentistry
Management of patient with cleft lip and palate
Ephebodontics
Epidemiology of dental diseases in Malaysian children
Nutrition and dental health in pediatric patients
Anterior esthetic restorations
Caries risk assessment
Semi-permanent restorations
Pediatric dental clinic
Common craniofacial syndromes in children
Anticipatory guidance and Parent counseling
Minor orthodontic correction
Functional jaw orthopedics
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
III & IV
EXERCISE
-Behavior management
- Extractions, Pulp therapy
- Stainless steel crowns
- Full mouth rehabilitation
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
1. Perform
simple
restorative
procedures in primary and
permanent dentition including
pulp management of single rooted
teeth in children.
2. Demonstrate the manipulation of
stainless steel crown and the
fabrication of removable habit
breaking appliance or space
maintainer/regainer.
3. Formulate
full
mouth
rehabilitation
including
management of children with
special needs.
157
9.9.5
RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY
1. Shobha Tandon. Textbook of Pedodontics. 2nd ed. India : Paras Medical Publisher; 2009.
2. Nikhil Marwah. Textbook of Pediatric Dentistry. 2nd ed. India : Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers (P) Ltd; 2009.
3. Ralph E. Mc Donald, David R. Avery, Jeffrey A. Dean. Dentistry for children and adolescent. 8 th
ed. India: Mosby; 2010.
4. Jimmy Pinkham, Paul Casamassimo, Henry W. Fields, Arthur Nowak. Pediatric Dentistry: Infancy
Through Adolescence. 4th ed. India: Elsevier; 2005.
9.10
ORTHODONTICS
9.10.1 COURSE SYNOPSIS
Orthodontics is a specialty of dentistry that is concerned with the study and treatment of malocclusions
(improper bites), which may be a result of tooth irregularity, disproportionate jaw relationships, or both.
Orthodontic treatment focuses on dental displacement only, or can deal with the control and
modification of facial growth, better defined as "dentofacial orthopaedics".
It facilitates the undergraduate students to develop an understanding of the aims and objectives of
orthodontic treatment, the basic concept of growth and development of maxilla and mandible, various
diagnostic criteria, identify the type of malocclusion, the need for orthodontic treatment and treatment
planning for primary, mixed dentition and permanent dentition. The clinical training enables the
students to record case history, perform model analysis, cephalometric tracing and treat patients with
removable appliances. The students are also given an insight on the need for adult orthodontics and
the application of computer in orthodontics.
9.10.2 LEARNING OUTCOMES
a. Year 3
At the end of the Year 3, the students are able to:1.
2.
3.
4.
Explain the changing goals of orthodontic treatment.
Explain the concept of craniofacial growth and development.
Analyse the importance of clinical examination and maintaining records.
Display the basic Orthodontic wire bending skills.
b. Year 4
At the end of the Year 4, the students are able to:1. Perform assessment of malocclusion, the classification and its importance in the field of
orthodontics.
2. Demonstrate the treatment planning for different types of malocclusion.
3. Explain biomechanics of orthodontic appliances.
4. Classify the types of removable, fixed and functional appliances in the field of orthodontics.
5. Demonstrate the fabrication and activation of the removable appliances.
6. Relate the importance of surgical orthodontics.
c. Year 5
At the end of the Year 5, the students are able to:1. Explain the importance of adult orthodontics, the procedures and sequence of treatment.
2. Explain the role of computers in the field of orthodontics.
3. Ability to interact with other specialities in dentistry and practice an interdisciplinary treatment
approach.
4. Perform simple orthodontic treatment using removable appliances.
5. Recognize the resources for lifelong learning.
9.10.3 SUMMARY OF THEORY & CLINICAL HOURS IN ORTHODONTICS
a.
Year 3
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
b.
THEORY
03
03
04
05
15
SLT
09
09
12
15
45
EXAM
SLT
--01
01
01
01
--02
02
45+02+48 = 95
PRACTICAL
9
9
9
9
36
SLT
12
12
12
12
48
Year 4
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
c.
THEORY
09
09
10
11
39
SLT
27
27
30
33
117
EXAM
SLT
01
01
01
01
02
PRACTICAL
15
15
SLT
20
20
CLINICAL
12
12
11
12
72
02
30
40
117+02+40+62.6 = 221.6
SLT
16
16
14.6
16
62.6
Year 5
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
THEORY
10
Seminars
10
Seminars
10
01
31
SLT
30
40
EXAM
-01
SLT
-01
REVISION
---
SLT
---
CLINICAL
40
40
SLT
53.3
53.3
40
--
--
--
--
40
53.3
04
114
05
06
05
08
08
06
08
08
114+06+08+209.2 = 337.2
37
157
49.3
209.2
9.10.4 TEACHING SCHEDULE
a. Year 3
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOPIC
OBJECTIVES
1. Define Orthodontics, the aims
and objectives of this branch of
Dentistry.
2. Identify the changing goals of
Orthodontics.
3. Distinguish the need and
demand
for
orthodontic
treatment.
1. Define
growth
and
Concept of growth and development
development.
2. Explain the methods of
studying physical growth.
3. Describe the nature of skeletal
growth.
4. Identify the sites and types of
growth in craniofacial complex.
5. Describe the theories of growth
control.
Morphologic
development of 1. Explain the prenatal and
postnatal growth of craniofacial
craniofacial structures
structures.
2. Explain the development of
maxilla, mandible and the
dental arches.
Case history recording and clinical 1. Record case history.
2. Explain protocol of clinical
examination
examination.
1. Describe the importance of
Stomatognathic system
Buccinator mechanism.
2. Explain the mechanism and
importance of mastication,
deglutition and speech.
1. Explain the importance of
Diagnostic records
model
analysis
and
cephalometric analysis.
2. List
the
importance
of
maintaining patient records
including facial photographs.
Introduction to Orthodontics
CONTACT
HOURS
1
4
4
2
1
3
PRACTICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I to IV Wire bending exercises
OBJECTIVES
1. Precise
manipulation
of
orthodontic wires.
2. Construction of the different
components
of
removable
orthodontic appliance.
CONTACT HOURS
36
b. Year 4
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
TOPIC
I
II
III
OBJECTIVES
1. Explain the importance of model analysis
and
cephalometric
analysis
in
orthodontics.
2. Organize and maintain patient records.
1. Differentiate normal occlusion from
Malocclusion
malocclusion.
2. Explain the general and local factors in
the aetiology of malocclusion.
3. Classify the different types of
malocclusion.
1. Explain the treatment planning in class I,
Treatment Planning
II, III malocclusion.
2. Apply the treatment planning for primary
and early mixed dentition.
3. Apply the treatment planning for late
mixed and early permanent dentition.
4. Apply the treatment planning for adults.
5. Analyse the critical issues in treatment
planning.
Growth
modification 1. Explain the types of growth modification
treatment.
treatment
2. Explain different types of the functional
and extra oral appliances used in growth
modification treatment.
3. Explain the importance of extra oral
appliances.
Biomechanics
of 1. Explain the different types of tooth
movement.
orthodontics
2. Explain the periodontal tissues and bone
response to orthodontic force.
1. Compare the types of anchorage.
Anchorage
2. Apply the clinical implications of
anchorage in treatment planning.
Diagnostic records
CONTACT
HOURS
3
7
6
3
2
2
1. Explain the different types of wires,
rubber and plastic materials used in
orthodontics.
1. Classify different types of removable
Removable appliances
appliances.
2. Relate the different component of
removable appliances.
3. List the indications of each type of
removable appliances.
4. Demonstrate the fabrication and
activation of the removable appliances.
1. Classify functional appliances.
Functional appliances
2. List the indication of functional
appliances.
3. Demonstrate the fabrication and
activation of the functional appliances.
Introduction
to
fixed 1. Explain the development of fixed
appliances.
appliances
2. Relate the parts of fixed appliances and
its uses.
Surgical
Orthodontic 1. Explain the indications for surgical
orthodontics.
treatment
2. Demonstrate the timings and sequence
of treatment.
3. Demonstrate the ability for interactive
treatment planning.
4. Explain the orthodontic management of
Cleft lip and palate.
Orthodontic materials
IV
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I to IV
Examination and diagnosis
OBJECTIVES
1. Perform assessment of malocclusion, the
classification and its importance in the
field of orthodontics.
2. Demonstrate the treatment planning for
different types of malocclusion.
3. Demonstrate the fabrication and
activation of the removable appliances.
1
4
3
2
3
CONTACT
HOURS
72
c. Year 5
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
TOPIC
I
Retention
Relapse
Adult Orthodontics
Computers in orthodontics
1. Definition of retention.
2. Explain in detail about the removable
and fixed retainers.
3. Demonstrate an understanding of the
use of active and passive retainers in
orthodontics.
1. Explain the factors that contribute
relapse.
2. Demonstrate an understanding of
prevention of relapse.
1. Explain the goals of adult orthodontics.
2. Comprehend the treatment for adult
orthodontics.
1. Explain the role of computer application
in the field of orthodontics.
SEMINARS
SL. NO.
TOPIC
1.
Diagnosis and treatment planning in Orthodontics
2.
Dentofacial development
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
CONTACT
HOURS
OBJECTIVES
Development of dentition
Model analysis
Malocclusion
Cephalometrics in Orthodontics
Oral habits and management
Treatment planning class I malocclusion
Treatment planning class II malocclusion
Treatment planning for class III malocclusion
Midline diastema
Biology of tooth movement
Anchorage in Orthodontics
Myofunctional appliances
Management of cleft lip and palate
Extra-oral appliances
Surgical Orthodontics
Mini implant in Orthodontics
Retention and Relapse
Fixed Orthodontics
Computers in Orthodontics
2
1
2
1
CONTACT HOURS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9.10.5 RECOMMENDED ORTHODONTICS REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Lee W.Graber, Robert L. Vanarsdall, Katherine W. Vig. Orthodontics: Principles and practice. 5th
Edition. US: St. Louis; Elsevier Mosby; 2011
2. William R. Proffit, Henry W. Fields, David M. Sarver. Contemporary Orthodontics.5th Edition. US:
Mosby; 2012
3. Gurkeerat singh. Textbook of orthodontics. 2nd Edition. India: Jaypee; 2008
4. W. J. B. Houston. A Textbook of Orthodontics.2nd Edition.UK: Butterworth and Heinemann; 1992
5. Philip C. Adams, Design, Construction and Use of Removable Orthodontic Appliances. 6th Edition.
US: Butterworth and Heinemann; 2006
6. Thomas Rakosi. Orthodontic Diagnosis.1st Edition. Germany:Mosby; 1993
9.11 PERIODONTICS
9.11.1 COURSE SYNOPSIS
Periodontology is a term derived from ‘peri’ meaning around; ‘odont’ meaning tooth and ‘ology’
meaning study of. Consequently, this is the speciality of dentistry which encompasses the diagnosis,
prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions of the supporting and surrounding tissues of the
teeth or their substitutes and the maintenance of the health, function and aesthetics of these structures
and tissues.
The students will be moulded and made competent in identifying, diagnosing and providing methodical
oral prophylaxis and other basic periodontal care by integrating their theoretical knowledge with the
clinical scenario.
It also helps the students to develop an understanding of the periodontal
considerations and management in the field of Oral Implantology and medically compromised patients
as well as discusses the influence of periodontal diseases on the overall health of subjects and the
importance of multidisciplinary treatment approach.
9.11.2 LEARNING OUTCOMES
a. Year 3
At the end of Year 3 the students are able to:
1. Differentiate the periodontal tissues at the macroscopic and microscopic levels.
2. Relate the signs and symptoms of gingival diseases into the clinical practice.
3. Demonstrate a phase-wise periodontal treatment planning for every patient.
4. Demonstrate supragingival scaling procedures.
b. Year 4
At the end of Year 4 the students are able to:1. Distinguish the etiological and superimposing factors in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
2. Analyze the influences of systemic diseases on periodontium.
3. Differentiate the various types of non-surgical and surgical periodontal treatment modalities.
4. Relate the signs and symptoms of periodontal diseases into the clinical practice.
5. Perform subgingival scaling, root planing and curettage procedures.
c. Year 5
At the end of Year 5 the students are able to:1. Relate the influence of gingival and periodontal tissue health on the general health of patients.
2. Critically appraise new ideas and constantly update information regarding the advancements in
the fields of Periodontology and Oral Implantology.
3. Acknowledge the role of a periodontist in the field of oral implantology, the manipulation and
management of periimplant tissues.
4. Interact with specialists from other disciplines to practice an interdisciplinary approach in
periodontal management.
5. Perform minor periodontal surgical procedures.
9.11.3 SUMMARY OF THEORY AND CLINICAL HOURS
a. Year 3
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
THEORY
04
04
05
05
18
SLT
12
12
15
15
54
EXAM
SLT
2.5
2.5
1.0
1.0
3.5
3.5
54 + 3.5 + 60 = 117.5 Hrs
CLINICAL
SLT
22.5 Hrs
30 Hrs
22.5 Hrs
30 Hrs
45 Hrs
60 Hrs
SLT
27
30
30
33
120
EXAM
SLT
CLINICAL
25 Hrs
1.0
1.0
25 Hrs
25 Hrs
2.5
2.5
25 Hrs
3.5
3.5
100 Hrs
120 + 3.5 + 133.2 = 256.7 Hrs
b. Year 4
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
THEORY
09
10
10
11
40
SLT
33.3 Hrs
33.3 Hrs
33.3 Hrs
33.3 Hrs
133.2 Hrs
c. Year 5
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
THEORY
05
05
SLT
15
15
EXAMINATION
1.0
5 (Mock)
6
SLT REVISION SLT CLINICAL
4
4
25
1.0
25
25
5
25
6
100
15 + 6+4 + 133.2 + 84 = 242.2 Hrs
SLT
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
133.2
SEMINAR
11
10
21
9.11.4 TEACHING SCHEDULE IN PERIODONTICS
a. Year 3
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
II
TOPIC
OBJECTIVES
Introduction, definition and 1. Recognize the natural history of this
science.
scope of Periodontics
2. Identify the scope of Periodontics in
the field of dentistry.
Gingiva: Macroscopic and 1. Explain the macroscopic features of
gingiva in health.
microscopic features in health
2. Differentiate the basic structures and
functions of gingival tissues at the
tissue and cellular levels.
Periodontal ligament in health 1. Explain the structural components of
periodontal ligament.
and disease
2. Distinguish
the
functions
of
periodontal ligament and its role in
maintenance of periodontal health.
Cementum in health and 1. Explain the types and structural
components of cementum.
disease
2. Distinguish the functions of cementum
and its role in maintenance of
periodontal health.
Alveolar bone in health and 1. Explain the structural components of
alveolar bone.
disease
2. Distinguish the functions of alveolar
bone and its role in maintenance of
periodontal health.
Defence mechanisms in the 1. Describe the role of gingival crevicular
fluid and saliva in the defence
oral cavity: Gingival crevicular
mechanism of gingiva tissues.
fluid and saliva
2. Distinguish the components of gingival
CONTACT
HOURS
01
02
01
01
01
02
SLT
44
40
84
crevicular fluid and saliva, its functions
and clinical significance in health and
disease.
Age changes in periodontal 1. Analyze the effects of ageing on teeth
and supporting periodontal tissues.
structures
and
their
2.
Relate the significance of age related
significance
in
geriatric
changes to the clinical practice of
dentistry
geriatric dentistry.
III
IV
Classification of gingival and 1. Classify gingival and periodontal
diseases.
periodontal diseases
2. Analyze the need for classification
systems for various types of gingival
and periodontal diseases.
1. Classify the different types of gingivitis.
Clinical features of gingivitis
2. Differentiate the macroscopic and
microscopic features of gingival tissues
in disease.
3. Relate the signs and symptoms of each
type of gingivitis to the clinical practice
of periodontics.
1. Explain the different stages of
Gingival inflammation
inflammation in the gingival tissues.
2. Relate the clinical and histological
changes during every stage of
inflammatory process.
1. Explain the different types of acute
Acute gingival diseases
gingival lesions.
2. Distinguish the clinical and histological
features of each type of acute gingival
disease.
1. Classify the different types of
Gingival enlargement
enlargements affecting the gingival
tissues.
2. Differentiate
the
clinical
and
histological features for each type of
enlargement.
1. Classify the different forms of
Desquamative gingivitis
desquamative gingival lesions.
2. Differentiate
the
clinical
and
microscopic features for each type of
desquamative gingival disease.
Epidemiology of periodontal 1. Explain indices and the related terms in
the epidemiology of gingival and
diseases
periodontal diseases.
2. Relate the use of each index to the
assessment of oral hygiene, gingival
and periodontal tissues status.
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I, II, III, IV
- Examination, diagnosis and
treatment planning
- Supragingival hand- and
ultrasonic scaling techniques
OBJECTIVES
1. Demonstrate a phasewise
periodontal
treatment
planning
based on examination
and
diagnosis
of
gingival
and
periodontal tissues.
CONTACT HOURS
45
2. Demonstrate
supragingival scaling on
patients using hand
scaling and ultrasonic
instruments.
b. Year 4
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
Extension of inflammation
Periodontal pocket
Dental Plaque
Calculus
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
1. Explain the mode of extension
of inflammation from gingiva
into the deeper periodontal
tissues.
2. Distinguish
the
modifying
factors in process of spread of
inflammation.
1. Classify the different types of
pockets.
2. Differentiate the signs and
symptoms of pockets.
3. Relate
the
clinical
and
histopathological features to
the
pathogenesis
of
periodontal pocket.
1. Explain the development and
characteristics
of
plaque
biofilm.
2. Distinguish the role of plaque
microbiota
in
the
etiopathogenesis
of
periodontal diseases.
1. Explain the composition of
dental calculus.
2. Distinguish its role in the
pathogenesis of periodontal
diseases.
01
02
01
01
Periodontal response to
forces
II
external 1. Classify the different types of
trauma from occlusion.
2. Differentiate the effects of
excessive
and
insufficient
occlusal loads on periodontal
tissues.
1. Explain the systemic diseases
Systemic diseases and periodontium
which have an effect on the
gingival
and
periodontal
tissues.
2. Analyze the influences of
systemic
diseases
on
periodontium.
3. Distinguish the role of stress on
periodontal health.
Acquired
Immunodeficiency 1. Explain the effects of Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Syndrome (AIDS) and periodontium
on periodontal health.
1. Explain the risk factors for
Risk factors for periodontal diseases
periodontal diseases.
2. Analyze their role in the
progression of periodontal
disease.
Host
bacterial
interactions
in 1. Explain the concepts of host
cell response to bacterial attack
periodontium
on periodontium.
2. Distinguish the mechanisms of
initiation and progression of
periodontal disease.
3. Relate the mechanisms of hostbacterial interactions to the
pathogenesis of periodontal
disease.
1. Classify the various types of
Chronic periodontitis
chronic periodontitis.
2. Distinguish the etiological
factors in the development of
chronic periodontitis.
3. Relate the signs and symptoms
of chronic periodontitis to the
clinical practice of periodontics.
1. Classify the various types of
Aggressive periodontitis
aggressive periodontitis.
2. Distinguish the etiological
factors in the development of
aggressive periodontitis.
3. Relate the signs and symptoms
of aggressive periodontitis to
the
clinical
practice
of
periodontics.
01
02
01
01
03
01
01
1. Classify the various types of
necrotizing
ulcerative
periodontitis.
2. Distinguish the etiological
factors in the development of
necrotizing
ulcerative
periodontitis.
3. Relate the signs and symptoms
of
necrotizing
ulcerative
periodontitis to the clinical
practice of periodontics.
1. Classify the abscesses of
Periodontal abscess
periodontium.
2. Explain the pathogenesis of
periodontal abscess.
3. Differentiate between the signs
and symptoms of the abscesses
of periodontium.
1. Distinguish the procedures in
Periodontal diagnosis
arriving at an exact diagnosis of
gingival
and
periodontal
diseases.
2. Relate the diagnosis to the
clinical practice.
1. Identify the etiological factors
Halitosis
of halitosis.
2. Explain the different methods
for management of halitosis.
Prognosis for gingival and periodontal 1. Classify the different prognostic
factors.
diseases
2. Analyze the purpose of
determining a prognosis.
1. Explain the different phases in
Treatment plan
periodontal
treatment
planning.
1. Analyze the general principles
Periodontal therapy
of periodontal therapy.
1. Classify the types of mechanical
Plaque control
and chemical plaque control
methods.
2. Distinguish the mechanism of
action of each type of plaque
control method.
1. Explain the methods of
Pocket irrigation
supragingival and subgingival
irrigations
of
periodontal
pocket.
1. Classify
periodontal
Scaling and root planning
instruments.
2. Differentiate the use of each
instrument in periodontal
Necrotising ulcerative periodontitis
III
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
01
02
Gingival curettage
IV
Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty
Flap surgical procedures
Osseous surgical procedures
Mucogingival surgery
therapy.
3. Distinguish the functions of
each instrument and the
principles of instrumentation.
4. Relate to the principles of
instrumentation to the clinical
practice.
1. Distinguish the aims, objectives
and indications of gingival
curettage.
2. Explain the procedure of
gingival curettage.
3. Explain the mechanism of
healing
following
gingival
curettage.
1. Recognize the aims, objectives
and indications of both the
procedures.
2. Distinguish the steps in
performing gingivectomy and
gingivoplasty.
3. Explain the mechanism of
healing following gingivectomy
and gingivoplasty.
1. Explain the aims, objectives
and
indications
of
flap
surgeries.
2. Classify the different types and
designs of flaps.
3. Differentiate the steps in each
type of flap surgical procedure.
4. Explain the mechanism of
healing following flap surgeries.
1. Classify the osseous defects in
periodontal disease.
2. Differentiate between the
additive,
subtractive
and
regenerative osseous surgical
procedures.
3. Explain the mechanism of
healing following resective and
regenerative types of osseous
surgery.
1. Describe the aims, objectives
and indications of mucogingival
surgeries.
2. Classify the types of gingival
recession and mucogingival
defects.
3. Distinguish the steps involved
in each type of mucogingival
01
01
01
02
03
Periodontal splints
Dentinal Hypersensitivity
Supportive periodontal therapy
Pharmacotherapy in Periodontics
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
I, II, III, IV
- Examination, diagnosis and
treatment planning
surgical procedure.
4. Explain the mechanism of
healing following mucogingival
surgeries.
1. Classify the types of splints
used in periodontal therapy.
2. Explain the uses of splints in
periodontal treatment.
1. Identify the causes of dentine
hypersensitivity.
2. Differentiate
the
theories
related to the hypersensitivity.
1. Identify the aims and objectives
of
supportive
periodontal
therapy.
2. Categorize
patients
for
supportive
periodontal
program.
3. Explain the principles of this
therapy for scheduling recall
visits for every patient.
1. Classify
the
types
of
periodontal dressings, systemic
and local drug delivery systems.
2. Explain the uses of each
method of drug delivery.
3. Differentiate the advantages
and disadvantages of each type
of drug delivery system.
1.
- Subgingival scaling, root
planing and curettage
- Supportive periodontal
therapy
2.
3.
4.
OBJECTIVES
Construct a phase-wise
periodontal treatment
planning based on
examination
and
diagnosis of gingival
and
periodontal
tissues.
Perform
subgingival
scaling, root planing
and gingival curettage
procedures.
Recognize
the
importance
of
maintenance phase of
periodontal therapy.
Practice
supportive
periodontal therapy.
01
01
01
02
CONTACT HOURS
100
c. Year 5
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
TOPIC
I
Oral Implantology and Periodontics
OBJECTIVES
1. Recognize the scope of Oral
Implantology in the field of
dentistry.
2. Identify the different types of
implants and biomaterials used in
dentistry.
3. Explain the importance of
periodontal considerations in an
implant patient.
4. Differentiate the
etiological
factors for periimplantitis and
failures in implant dentistry.
Periodontal
management
of 1. Explain the importance of
periodontal considerations in
medically compromised patients
patients with compromising
medical ailments.
2. Modify periodontal treatment
plan based on the type of
presentation.
Endodontic-periodontic continuum 1. Identify the routes of spread of
infection.
2. Explain each form of endodonticperiodontal lesion.
3. Explain
the
periodontal
management of endodonticperiodontal lesions.
1. Explain
the
influence
of
Periodontal medicine
periodontal diseases on the
various organs and on preexisting systemic illness of the
human body.
2. Analyse the importance of
periodontal
therapy
in
maintaining overall health of the
patients.
CONTACT
HOURS
01
01
01
01
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
Block I, II, III, IV
EXERCISE
OBJECTIVES
Examination, diagnosis and 1. Construct a phase-wise
periodontal
treatment
treatment planning
planning
based
on
examination and diagnosis
Subgingival
scaling,
root
of gingival and periodontal
planing and curettage
tissues.
2. Perform subgingival scaling,
Local drug delivery
root planing, local drug
Minor* periodontal surgical
delivery
and
gingival
curettage procedures.
procedures
3. Perform minor periodontal
surgical procedures.
4. Practise emphasise on the
importance of maintenance
phase
of
periodontal
therapy.
5. Interact with specialists
from other disciplines for an
interdisciplinary approach in
periodontal management.
SEMINAR TOPICS IN PERIOODONTICS
SL. NO
TOPIC
1.
Matrix metalloproteinase
2.
Wound healing following periodontal therapy
3.
Human viruses in periodontal disease
4.
Periimplantitis and its management
5.
Biomarkers in Gingival crevicular fluid
6.
Gingival Bleeding
7.
Platelet Rich Fibrin in periodontal regeneration
8.
Pathogenic to non-pathogenic flora – Possible routes
9.
Genetic influences on periodontal health
10.
Advanced diagnostic aids
11.
Smoking and periodontium
12.
Diabetes mellitus and Periodontitis
13.
Changing paradigms in periodontal disease classification
CONTACT
HOURS
100
14.
Host modulation therapy
15.
Recent advances in periodontal plastic and esthetic surgery
16.
Periodontal Vaccines
17.
Tissue engineering and periodontal new attachment
18.
Lasers in Periodontics
19.
Guided Bone Regeneration
20.
Use of piezosurgery in periodontal and implant surgical procedures
21.
Microsurgery and Periodontics
22.
Platelet Rich Plasma in periodontal regeneration
9.11.5 RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS IN PERIODONTICS
1. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. Michael G. Newman, Henry Takei, Perry R. Klokkevold, Fermin A.
Carranza. 11th ed. Elsevier.
2. Textbook of Periodontology and Oral Implantology. Dr. Ashita Uppoor, Dr. Dilip G. Nayak, Dr. Mahesh
C.P. 1st edition. Elsevier.
3. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. Jan Lindhe, Niklausp.Lang,
Thorkild Karring. 5th edition. Blackwell Munksgaard.
4. Atlas of Cosmetic and Reconstructive Periodontal Surgery. Edward S. Cohen. 3rd edition. Bc Deker,Inc.
5. Biology of the Periodontal Connective Tissues. Mark Bartold, A.Sampath Narayanan. 1st edition.
Quintessence Pub.
6. Periodontics: Medicine, Surgery and Implants. Louis F.Rose, D.Waltercohen,
Robert J.Genco, Brian L.Mealey. 2nd edition. CV Mosby.
7. Periodontal Medicine. LF Rose, RJ Genco, DW Ohen, Brian L.Mealey. 1st edition. Bd Decker.
8. Outline of Periodontics. JD Manson, BM Eley. 4th edition. John Wright.
9. Periodontal Surgery: A Clinical Atlas. Naoshi Sato. 1st edition. Quintessence Pub.
10. Contemporary Implant Dentistry. Carl E. Misch. 3rd edition. Mosby.
11. Periodontal Instrumentation. Anna Matsuishi Pattison, Gordon L. Pattison. 2nd edition. Prentice Hall.
9.12 CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS
9.12.1 Course Synopsis
Operative dentistry is the art and science that deals with diagnosis, prevention, interception and
restoration of the defects of natural teeth, restore teeth to form, function and appearance with
appropriate materials using techniques that preserve health of the pulp and unnecessary loss of tooth
tissues. Endodontics is defined as the study of the form, function and health, injuries to and diseases of
the dental pulp and peri-radicular tissue, their prevention and treatment.
Conservative dentistry trains dental students with clinical skills and ability to make independent clinical
decisions which is essential to become competent dental practitioners. The module helps the
undergraduate student to diagnose and formulate an appropriate treatment plan, to enhance the
knowledge and skills to restore teeth to form, function and aesthetics with appropriate restorative
materials, using techniques that preserve the health of the pulp and prevent unnecessary loss of tooth
structure. It also helps the student in clinical application of the principles of cavity preparation,
determine an appropriate cavity design with due consideration for clinical use of appropriate restorative
materials and develop clinical skill to perform endodontic therapy of anterior teeth.
9.12.2 LEARNING OUTCOMES
a. Year 3
At the end of the Year 3, the students are able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Demonstrate skills in clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment planning.
Differentiate principles and philosophy of cavity preparation to the restoration of teeth.
Demonstrate the methods of moisture control in the operating field.
Demonstrate restorative technique of Class I, II, III, IV and Class V to restore teeth to form and
function.
5. Demonstrate endodontic treatment in a logical sequence on extracted anterior and posterior
teeth.
b. Year 4
At the end of the Year 4, the students are able to:
1. Relate principles of cavity preparation, determine an appropriate cavity design with due
consideration for clinical use of appropriate restorative material.
2. Perform common restorative situations, replace diseased or defective tooth structure and reestablish their appearance, function and integrity by providing a durable and functional
restoration.
3. Demonstrate the management of dentofacial injuries, tooth resorption and tooth
discolouration.
4. Demonstrate Endodontic treatment of anterior teeth in a logical sequence.
c. Year 5
At the end of the Year 5, the students are able to:
1. Formulate an appropriate treatment plan based on clinical examinations and investigations.
2. Perform restorative procedures and non-surgical Endodontics and undertake complete patient
monitoring including preoperative as well as post-operative care of the patient.
3. Explain the current concepts in Aesthetic Dentistry and Laser application in Conservative
Dentistry and Endodontics.
4. Demonstrate ability to accept, appraise and communicate relevant up-to-date information in
Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.
9.12.3 SUMMARY OF THEORY AND CLINICAL HOURS
a. Year 3
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
THEORY
9
9
8
9
35
SLT
27
27
24
27
105
EXAM
-1
1
-2
THEORY
11
9
10
11
40
SLT
33
27
30
33
123
SLT
PRACTICAL
-15
1
15
1
15
-15
2
60
105+2+80+58.5 = 245.5
SLT
20
20
20
20
80
CLINICAL
12
11
11
10
45
SLT
16
14.7
14.7
13
58.5
b. Year 4
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
EXAM
-1
1
-2
SLT
-1
1
-2
123+2+131 = 256
CLINICAL
25
25
24
25
100
SLT
33
33
32
33
131
c. Year 5
BLOCK
I
II
III
IV
TOTAL
TOTAL SLT
THEORY
8
---8
SLT
24
---24
EXAMINATION
-1
-5
6
SLT REVISION
SLT
CLINICAL
---120
1
--110
---110
5
9
9
107.5
6
9
9
450
24+6+9+600+84 = 723
SLT
160
146.7
146.7
143.3
600
SEMINAR
2
9
10
-21
SLT
8
36
40
84
9.12.4 TEACHING SCHEDULE
a. Year 3
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
Introduction to clinical
operative dentistry
Concept of Four handed
dentistry
Class I cavity Preparation
Anterior composite
restorations
Examination and diagnosis
in operative dentistry
Treatment planning in
operative dentistry
Infection control in
Operative dentistry
Sterilization of operative and
Endodontic Instruments
OBJECTIVES
1. Explain scope and objectives of clinical
operative dentistry.
2. Differentiate between conventional
approach and conservative approach in
tooth preparation.
3. List the advances in the current practice
of operative dentistry.
1. Describe operating chair and patient
positions.
2. Explain the operator and dental assistant
position.
3. Explain the characteristics of Balance
Posture for operator.
1. Describe
Conventional
and
Conservative designs in Class I tooth
preparation.
2. Differentiate Class I tooth preparation
for Amalgam and Composite restoration.
1. Explain conventional, Beveled and
modified cavity preparation in Class III,
Class IV and Class V tooth preparation.
2. Differentiate
Composite, Glass
ionomer, Compomer for restoration of
anterior teeth.
1. Demonstrate Examination and Diagnosis
in Operative dentistry.
2. Differentiate various defects of teeth
and arrive at a diagnosis in Operative
Dentistry.
1. Explain various phases of treatment
planning.
2. Distinguish
interdisciplinary
considerations in operative treatment
planning.
3. Formulate treatment plan in Operative
Dentistry.
1. Apply the rationale for Infection control.
2. Distinguish exposure risks and effect of
infections on dentistry.
1. Apply the instrument processing
procedure in Operative Dentistry and
Endodontics.
2. Demonstrate
the
methods
of
sterilization in Operative Dentistry and
CONTACT
HOURS
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
Disinfection, Dental control
unit water systems and
Biofilm
II
Control of moisture during
operative procedures
Biologic considerations
during operative procedures
Periodontal considerations
during operative procedures
Management of Caries –
Early carious lesions and
arrested caries.
Management of Caries –
Deep carious lesions
Management of non-carious
cervical lesions
Occlusion in restorative
dentistry
III
Management of Pain in
operative dentistry
Rationale of Endodontic
treatment
Endodontics.
3. Differentiate the process indicators and
biologic
indicators
to
monitor
sterilization.
1. Apply the disinfection procedure in
operative dentistry and endodontics.
2. Relate dental control unit water systems
and biofilm.
1. Apply the methods of moisture control.
2. Demonstrate the methods of moisture
control in the operating field.
1. Distinguish the effect of dental caries,
tooth preparation, chemical irritants on
pulp.
2. Appraise preventive measures during
restorative procedures for pulpal health.
1. Explain the clinical significance of
supporting
tissues,
dentogingival
complex and biologic width.
2. Relate the defective restorations and
periodontal health.
1. Classify Dental Caries.
2. Explain the clinical features of of
incipient and arrested caries.
3. Apply the principles of incipient and
arrested caries management.
1. Differentiate infected dentine and
affected dentine.
2. Explain stepwise excavation.
3. Demonstrate indirect and direct pulp
capping.
1. Explain the etiology and clinical features
of the non-carious cervical lesions.
2. Demonstrate preventive and restorative
management of non-carious cervical
lesions.
1. Explain
centric occlusion, centric
relation
and
posterior
cusp
characteristics.
2. Describe
tooth
contacts
during
mandibular movements.
3. Identify
occlusal considerations in
restoring individual teeth.
1. Explain management of pain in operative
dentistry.
2. Demonstrate methods of pain control in
dental clinic.
3. Explain the alternative methods to
control pain.
1. Explain the rationale of endodontic
treatment and theory of focal infection.
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
01
01
IV
2. Identify major pathways of entry for
pulpal and periapical infection and
response of pulpal and periapical tissues
to irritants.
3. Describe the endodontic implications as
explained by Fish and Kronfeld’s
mountain pass theory.
Principles of endodontic
1. Explain rubber dam isolation in
treatment
Endodontics.
2. Describe sterilization of endodontic
instruments.
3. Demonstrate rubber dam isolation and
sterilization
of
instruments
in
endodontics.
Selection of cases for
1. Explain the assessment of the patient’s
endodontic treatment
systemic status.
2. Describe the factors affecting treatment
planning in endodontics.
3. Differentiate
the
interrelationship
between endodontics and prosthodontic
treatment, endodontics and orthodontic
treatment.
Diagnostic aids in
1. Explain diagnosis in Endodontics.
2. Demonstrate the diagnostic aids in
Endodontics
Endodontics.
Pulp space Anatomy
1. Classify root canal configurations.
2. Distinguish the variations in the internal
anatomy of teeth.
Pulp and Periradicular
1. Explain the etiology of pulp and peridiseases
radicular diseases.
2. Distinguish the signs and symptoms of
pulp and peri-radicular diseases.
3. Demonstrate the management of pulp
and peri-radicular diseases.
Microbiology in Endodontics 1. Explain
microbial
virulence
and
pathogenicity.
2. Describe the microbiology of endodontic
infections and root canal failures.
3. Demonstrate how to combat microbes in
endodontic therapy.
Intracanal medicament and 1. Explain the functions, types of irrigants
irrigants
and intracanal medicaments.
2. Describe the methods and techniques of
irrigation, newer irrigating solutions and
intracanal medicaments.
3. Demonstrate
the
method
and
techniques of irrigation and placement
of intracanal medicament.
01
01
01
03
02
02
02
PRACTICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
OBJECTIVES
Demonstration and return
demonstration of rubber dam
application on anterior and posterior
teeth.
1. List
the
rubber
dam
instruments and material.
2. Demonstrate
methods
of
rubber dam placement for
anterior and posterior teeth.
I, II
Demonstration and return
demonstration of preventive resin
restoration.
II, III
Endodontics - anterior teeth,
posterior teeth.
1. Explain Type I, Type II, Type III
Preventive resin restoration.
2. Demonstrate Type I, Type II,
Type III Preventive resin
restoration on extracted teeth
(Molar).
1. List the armamentarium for
Endodontics of anterior and
posterior Teeth.
2. Explain the procedure of
Endodontics of anterior and
posterior teeth.
3. Demonstrate
endodontic
treatment in a logical sequence
on extracted anterior and
posterior teeth.
1. Apply the armamentarium set
up for cast restoration - Inlay /
Onlay. Explain the procedure of
cast restoration - inlay / onlay.
2. Demonstrate inlay / onlay
preparation and wax pattern
on extracted molar tooth.
I
IV
Cast Restoration - Class II inlay /
onlay
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
PROCEDURE
I, II, III, Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, Class
IV
V cavity preparation.
Amalgam restoration, Composite
restoration, Compomer restoration,
Glass Ionomer restoration.
OBJECTIVES
1. Perform appropriate methods
of infection control in clinical
practice.
2. Demonstrate the methods of
moisture control in the
operating field.
3. Demonstrate
restorative
technique of Class I, II, III, IV
and V to restore teeth to form
and function.
CONTACT
HOURS
10
10
25
15
CONTACT
HOURS
45
b. Year 4
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
Dentin hypersensitivity
Access cavity preparation
Working length
determination
Endodontic instruments
Cleaning and shaping of root
canal System
Qbturation of root canal
System
II
Procedural accidents
Post endodontic restorations
OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the diagnosis, clinical
features, differential diagnosis and
prevention of dentin hypersensitivity.
2. Demonstrate the management of
dentin hypersensitivity.
1. List the objectives and principles of
endodontic access cavity preparation.
2. Differentiate the access cavity
preparation for maxillary and
mandibular teeth.
3. Demonstrate
the
clinical
management of difficult cases for
access opening.
1. Justify the significance of working
length determination.
2. Explain the methods of working
length
determination.
3. Appraise the advanced methods of
working length determination.
1. Classify endodontic instruments.
2. Explain the standardization of
endodontic instruments.
3. Demonstrate the instruments for
access opening, cleaning and shaping
and obturation.
1. Explain the rationale, objectives and
principles of cleaning and shaping of
root canal system.
2. Demonstrate the techniques of
cleaning and shaping.
3. Compare the anatomic problems in
canal cleaning and shaping.
1. Explain the rationale of obturation.
2. Classify obturating materials and root
canal sealers.
3. Demonstrate obturation techniques.
1. Explain the various procedural errors
related to access opening, canal
cleaning and shaping, obturation of
the pulp space.
1. Explain the importance of coronal
restoration.
2. Justify planning post endodontic
restoration procedure.
3. List the factors to be considered
CONTACT
HOURS
01
02
02
01
01
03
02
01
Traumatic injuries of teeth
Tooth resorption
Endodontic emergency
III
Discolouration of teeth
Surgical Endodontics
Endodontic Periodontal
interrelationship
Single Visit Endodontics
Endodontic failures and
retreatment
while planning post and core.
1. Classify dentofacial injuries.
2. Demonstrate the management of
traumatic injuries.
3. Explain the assessment of traumatic
injuries.
1. Classify tooth resorption.
2. Describe the mechanism of tooth
resorption.
3. Demonstrate the management of
tooth resorption.
1. Classify endodontic emergencies.
2. Explain the pre-treatment endodontic
emergencies.
3. Explain the conditions requiring
emergency endodontic treatment.
1. Classify tooth discolouration.
2. Describe the causes of tooth
discolouration.
3. Describe the management of tooth
discolouration.
1. List the objectives and rationale for
endodontic surgery.
2. Explain the stages in surgical
endodontics.
3. Describe
the
post-surgical
complications.
1. Explain the etiology of endo-perio
lesions.
2. Classify endo-perio lesions.
3. Appraise the sequence of treatment
of endo-perio lesions.
1. Explain the basis of single visit
Endodontics.
2. Explain the reasons for advocating
single visit Endodontics.
3. Appraise procedure of single visit
Endodontics.
1. Explain the evaluation of success of
endodontic treatment.
2. List the causes of endodontic failures.
3. Explain case selection for endodontic
re treatment.
02
02
02
02
03
02
01
02
SEMINARS
Sl.No.
1.
Class II Cavity Preparation
2.
Posterior Composite Restorations
3.
Glass Ionomer Restorations
4.
Adhesion to tooth structure
5.
Indirect tooth colored restorations
6.
Complex Amalgam restorations
Topic
PRACTICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
EXERCISE
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
4
I, II, III,
IV
Post and core on maxillary anterior
extracted tooth.
Demonstrate post and core in
maxillary anterior extracted tooth.
CLINICAL
BLOCK
PROCEDURE
OBJECTIVES
CONTACT
HOURS
1. Perform the methods of
moisture control in the
operating field.
2. Perform Class I, Class II, Class
III, Class IV, Class V cavity
restoration.
3. Demonstrate
endodontic
treatment of anterior teeth in a
logical sequence.
100
I, II, III, Class I , Class II, Class III, Class IV,
Class V Cavity Preparation.
IV
Amalgam restoration, Composite
restoration, Compomer restoration,
Glass Ionomer restoration.
Endodontics - Anterior Teeth.
c. Year 5
LECTURE SCHEDULE
BLOCK
I
TOPIC
Modern concepts in
Operative Dentistry and
Endodontics
Lasers in Operative Dentistry
and Endodontics
Aesthetic Dentistry
OBJECTIVES
1. Describe
rotary
systems
in
Endodontics.
2. Explain the newer Obturation
techniques in Endodontics.
3. Apply the concept of Minimal
Intervention Dentistry.
4. Apply clinical reasoning skills in
decision making for oral health care
delivery in Conservative dentistry and
Endodontics.
1. Classify Laser in dentistry.
2. Distinguish soft and hard tissue
applications of Lasers in dentistry.
3. Compare the application of Laser in
conservative
dentistry
and
Endodontics.
1. Describe the aesthetic considerations
in diagnosis and treatment planning.
2. Explain the aesthetic problems and
management.
3. Explain the current concept in
aesthetic dentistry.
SEMINARS
SL.NO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
TOPIC
Non carious lesions
What determines cavity design?
Principles of cavity design
Direct filling gold
Pulp protection
Calcium Hydroxide
Pharmacology in Endodontics
Mercury management in the dental clinic
Failure of Amalgam restoration
Pulpal response to caries and dental procedure
Management of discolored teeth
Root canal sealers
Vital pulp therapy
Isolation in Endodontics
Recent advances in diagnosis of dental caries
CONTAC
T HOURS
02
03
03
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Caries risk assessment
Smear layer in Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
To culture or not to culture in Endodontics
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
Recent advances in obturation techniques
Microscopes in Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
CLINICAL SCHEDULE
BLOCK
PROCEDURE
1,2,3,4
Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, Class
V Cavity Preparation.
Amalgam restoration, Composite
restoration, Compomer restoration,
Glass Ionomer restoration.
Endodontics – anterior and posterior
teeth.
Cast restoration inlay / onlay
OBJECTIVES
1. Demonstrate the methods of
moisture control in the
operating field.
2. Demonstrate Class I, Class II,
Class III, Class IV, Class V cavity
restoration.
3. Demonstrate Endodontics of
anterior and posterior teeth.
4. Perform restorative procedures
and non-surgical Endodontics
of anterior and posterior teeth
and
undertake
complete
patient monitoring including
pre-operative as well as postoperative care of the patient.
5. Demonstrate cast restoration
inlay / onlay.
6. Apply clinical reasoning skills in
decision making for oral health
care delivery in Conservative
dentistry and Endodontics.
CONTACT
HOURS
450
9.12.5 RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS IN CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS
1. Sturdevant, Heymwn M. The Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, 5th Edition. India; Elsevier: 2006
2. Harty F.J, Bun San Chong. Harty’s Endodontics in Clinical Practice, ,6th Edition. China; Elsevier: 2010
3. James .B. Sumit. Richard S.Schwartz. Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry, 3rd Edition. India; Elsevier
: 2006