Chapter 10: DNA & Protein Synthesis
1.
Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of a) protein c) carbohydrates b) enzymes d) DNA
2.
The primary function of DNA is to a) make proteins b) store and transmit genetic information c) control chemical processes within cells d) prevent mutations
3.
What are the monomers of DNA? a) nucleotides b) amino acids c) d)
RNA monosaccharides
4.
All of the following are true about the structure of DNA except a) short strands of DNA are contained in chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell b) every DNA nucleotide contains ribose, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base c) DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds d) the long strands of nucleotides are twisted into a double helix
5.
Purines and pyrimidines are a) bases found in amino acids b) molecules that can replace phosphate groups from defective DNA c) names of specific types of DNA molecules d) bases found in nucleotides
6.
The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA and building a model are a) Avery and Chargaff c) Watson and Crick b) Hershey and Chase d) Mendel and Griffith
7.
The base-pairing rules state that the following are base pairs in DNA a) adenine—thymine; uracil—cytosine. b) adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosine c) adenine—guanine; thymine—cytosine d) uracil—thymine; guanine—cytosine
8.
The addition of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA in DNA Replication a) is carried out by DNA polymerase b) is accomplished only in the presence of tRNA c) prevents separation of complementary strands of RNA d) is the responsibility of the complementary DNA mutagens
Version A
9.
During DNA replication , if a portion of the original strand is CTGACTT, then the new strand will be a) GACTGAA c) GACUGAA b) TTCAGTC d) AGTCTGG
10.
The function of tRNA is to a) synthesize DNA b) Transcribe segments of DNA c) d) form ribosomes transfer amino acids to ribosomes
1

11.
The function of mRNA is to a) Transcribe segments of DNA b) synthesize DNA
12.
RNA differs from DNA in that RNA a) is sometimes single-stranded b) contains a different sugar molecule c) d) form ribosomes transfer amino acids to ribosomes c) contains the nitrogenous base uracil d) all of the above
13.
A segment of mRNA has the sequence UGACAUAGC. Which of the following would represent the strand of
DNA from which this piece of mRNA was made? a) ACUGUAUCG b) CGAUACAGU c) d)
ACTGTATCG
GTACAGATT
14.
A segment of mRNA has the sequence UGACAUAGC. Which of the following would represent the strand tRNA anticodons for this mRNA? a) ACU-GUA-UCG b) CGA-UAC-AGU c) d)
ACT-GTA-TCG
GTA-CAG-ATT
15.
During translation, a ribosome binds to a) DNA b) mRNA c) d) a protein peptide bond
16.
Each of the following is a type of RNA except a) carrier RNA b) messenger RNA
17.
Where in the cell does transcription take place? a) Nucleus b) Cytoplasm
18.
Where in the cell does translation take place? a) Nucleus b) Cytoplasm
19.
During transcription a) proteins are synthesized b) DNA is replicated c) d) c) d) c) d) c) d) ribosomal RNA transfer RNA
Mitochondria
Phospholipid bilayer
Mitochondria
Phospholipid bilayer mRNA is produced translation occurs
20.
Transcription begins when RNA polymerase a) attaches to a ribosome b) binds to a promoter on a strand of
DNA c) d) binds to a strand of RNA amino acids are bonded together
21.
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) a) mutagen c) anticodon b) codon d) exon
22.
During translation, the amino acid detaches from the transfer RNA molecule and attaches to the end of a growing protein chain when a) the ribosomal RNA anticodon is paired up with the messenger RNA codon b) the transfer RNA anticodon is paired up with the messenger RNA codon c) a “stop” codon is encountered
2

d) the protein chain sends a signal through the nerve cells to the brain
23.
An error in DNA replication can cause a) mutations b) cancer c) genetic variation d) all of the above
24.
An enzyme called helicase is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix by breaking the
____________________ bonds that hold the complementary strands together. a) hydrogen b) covalent c) d) ionic phosphate
25.
Codons are found on a) DNA, mRNA b) mRNA, tRNA
, while anticodons are found on c) d) tRNA, mRNA mRNA, DNA
26.
The sugar found in RNA nucleotides is called a) Deoxyribose b) RuBP c) d)
Ribose
Uracil
27.
What amino acid do all proteins START with? a) Methionine b) Alanine c) d)
Phenylalinine
Adenine
28.
During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of ____________________ a) rRNA b) DNA c) d) tRNA mRNA
29.
Of the 64 codons of mRNA, 61 code for ____________________, three are ____________________ signals, and one is a(n) ____________________ signal. a) b) amino acids, stop, start stop, amino acids, start c) start, stop, amino acids d) amino acids, start, stop
30.
Hershey and Chase concluded that ____________________ is the hereditary material in some viruses a) DNA b) rRNA c) proteins d) carbohydrates
31.
The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another, which Frederick Griffith studied, is called a) transduction c) recombination b) transformation d) genetic transfer
32.
Which of following is a START codon? a) UAA b) UGA d) e)
AUG a, b, and c are start codons c) UAG
33.
X-ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that a) DNA and RNA are the same molecules b) DNA is composed of either purines or pyrimidines, but not both c) DNA molecules are arranged as a tightly coiled double helix d) DNA and proteins have the same basic structure
3

Matching: Match the type of mutation with it correct description. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
A.
Point Mutations
B.
Frameshift
C.
D.
Silent
Missense
E.
Nonsense
34.
A mutation that has no effect/change on the amino acid sequence made.
35.
When an amino acid is still coded for, but it is the incorrect amino acid.
36.
Caused by an insertion or deletion of nucleotide(s) and can cause the entire rest of the strand to coded wrong.
37.
This mutation is when only 1 nucleotide is changed.
For 38-40, mark A for true and B for false
38.
There is only about 1 error for every BILLION nucleotides added in DNA replication.
39.
Ribosomes are made up of a kind of RNA called mRNA.
40.
DNA contains nitrogenous bases named adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
Essay:
Use the table below to answer # ON THE BACK OF YOUR SCANTRON. This table uses CODONS.
DNA sequence: TACAGACAGCCAATT
1.
What is the mRNA sequence for this DNA?
2.
What is the amino acid sequence?
3.
What is the tRNA sequence?
4