Name:____________________
Class:_______________
Pearland ISD Physics December Benchmark Review 2015
Define, give the units, and write the equation(s) for the following terms:
1. Displacement
2. Speed
3. Velocity
4. Acceleration
5. The table below shows a distance vs. time graph for a moving object. Sketch a graph showing its velocity and
acceleration over time.
Distance vs. Time
Velocity vs. Time
Acceleration vs. Time
6. Before the kickoff during the Super Bowl, the teams meet in the center to flip a coin.
A. Draw a diagram to the right to represent the motion of the coin as it flies through the air.
B. What happens to the coin’s velocity as it approaches the top of its path?
C. What happens to the coin’s velocity as it reaches the bottom of its path?
D. What is the coin’s acceleration during its flight?
7. Three physics teachers (one from Dawson, one from Pearland, and one from Turner) are competing in a 10 m
race. The teacher from Turner runs at a constant 3 m/s. The teacher from Dawson finishes the race in 2.6 s. The
teacher from Pearland runs the first 5 m in 2 seconds, and the next 5 m in 3 seconds.
A. Which teacher wins the race?
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B. What is the teacher from Pearland’s average speed during the race?
8. A boat travels 12.0 m while it reduces its velocity from 9.5 m/s to 5.5 m/s. What is the magnitude of the boat’s
acceleration while it travels the 12.0 m?
9. A tourist is standing close to the top of the Eiffel tower, 300.0 m above ground, and accidentally drops his
camera. How long will the camera take to hit the ground?
10. The graph to the right represents the motion of
an object over a period of 14 seconds.
Fill out the table below describing the motion
and calculating the displacements, velocities,
and accelerations for each segment.
An example is done for you for segment A.
Segment
Motion
Displacement
A
Moves in the positive
direction with a
constant velocity.
∆x = xf-xi
= 3 - -3
=6m
Velocity
∆𝑥
𝑣=
𝑡
6𝑚
𝑣=
2𝑠
v = 3 m/s
Acceleration
∆𝑣
𝑡
0
𝑎 = 2𝑠 = 0
𝑎=
B
C
D
E
F
G
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Questions 11-14 refer to the table and figure in Question 10.
11. For the segments where the acceleration is zero, explain why.
12. In which segment is the object moving the fastest?
How do you know when the object is moving the fastest?
13. What is the object’s overall displacement during the 14 seconds?
14. What is the object’s average speed during the 14 seconds?
15. The speed of a car is decreased at a rate of 4.0 m/s2 from 35 m/s to 10 m/s. Over how many seconds does this
process take place?
Define the following terms:
16. Scalar
17. Vector
18. Resultant
19. Projectile
Use the diagram (to the right) to answer questions 20-22
20. Write one sentence to compare the horizontal velocity of the
baseball above at points V and Y.
21. Write one sentence to compare the vertical velocity of the
baseball above at points Y and Z.
22. What is the vertical velocity of the baseball above at point W?
23. In the diagram, the archer shoots an arrow forward with a
velocity of 20 m/s. It hits the ground 0.55 s later. From how
high is the archer shooting the arrow?
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Define the following terms:
24. Force
25. Newton’s 1st Law
26. Newton’s 2nd Law
27. Newton’s 3rd Law
28. For each diagram below, describe the net force acting on the object, and find its acceleration.
A.
40 N
20 kg
B.
20 N
10 N
5 kg
30 N
C.
2 kg
10 N
15 N
29. What is the net force acting on a 10 kg object that produces an acceleration of 30 m/s2?
30. Consider a book of mass 2 kg.
A. Calculate the book’s weight.
B. Draw a free body diagram for the book as it rests on a table.
C. What is the net force acting on the book?
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31. A little boy pushes a wagon with a force of 10 N. How much force does the wagon exert on the boy?
32. A grocery bag is being carried from a car into a house. Draw a free body diagram for the grocery bag.
33. A car is being towed up a hill. Draw a free body diagram for the car.
34. Which way would each of the following boxes move? What would be the magnitude of the force?
35. You are riding in a bus that is moving at a speed of 60 km/h. If you walk from the back to the front of the bus at
a speed of 10 km/h, your speed relative to the ground would be _______________.
36. A school bus is traveling to the Rig at speed of 20 m/s. A student on the bus throws a Frisbee horizontally at 15
m/s toward the back of the bus. From the perspective of an observer on Oiler Drive outside the bus, the Frisbee
appears to move at a speed of ______.
37. Bruce is walking east at 1.25 m/s on a moving sidewalk in an airport that is moving east at 3 m/s. How fast is
Bruce walking when viewed by Marcy, who is standing still nearby eating an ice cream cone?
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38. In order to get to the beach from your house on Galveston you must walk 9 km east then 7 km south before
reaching the beach. What is the magnitude of the straight line path you could have taken to reach the beach?
Show your work!
39. A bus is moving at 45 m/s north. Which of the following is a vector quantity?
A. the speed of the car
B. the velocity of the car
C. the potential energy of the car
D. the distance traveled by the car
40. A 2000 kg car is pulling a 1000 kg trailer. The car’s engine exerts a 7000 N force to move the car and the trailer.
In addition, the car and the trailer each experience a 900 N frictional force as they are being pulled. What is the
net force on this system?
41. A person leaves a house and walks five blocks north, then walks three blocks west. In what direction is the
displacement of the person, relative to the starting point? _______________ What is the magnitude of their
displacement? Show your work!
42. Describe the direction of centripetal force. Rearrange the formula for centripetal acceleration for r and
then for v.
43. A tied to a string moves in a circle that has a radius of 0.5m. If the ball is accelerating at 36m/s2, what is the
tangential velocity of the ball?
44. Andre has two boxes of equal mass that are two meters apart. He moves Box B so that it is 4 meters away from
Box A. In order for the gravitational force between the boxes to remain the same before and after moving the
boxes, what must happen to the weight of each box?
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45. Two spheres, 1.00 kg each, are 2.00 m apart. What is the gravitational force between them?
46. What scientist is associated with the Universal Law of Gravitation? Write the formula and the units of each
variable.
47. A child is on a sled moving down a hill at 20 m/s. The combined mass of the sled and child is 100 kilograms.
What is the momentum of the child and sled?
48. When is linear momentum conserved?
49. Which of the following has the least momentum? Show your work!
A
A 0.5 kg mass with a 1000 m/s velocity
B
A 1.0 kg mass with a 1000 m/s velocity
C
A 10 kg mass with an 11 m/s velocity
D
A 100 kg mass with a 2 m/s velocity
50. At an amusement park, bumper car X moves at a speed of 2.5 m/s
toward car Y, which is at rest. Car X collides with Car Y.
A. Describe how the momentum of each car changes after the
collision.
B. If given that Car X and rider has a mass of 52 kg and Car Y and
rider has a mass of 67 kg, and the final velocity of Car X is 1.7 m/s, calculate the final velocity of Car Y. Show
your work!
51. What impulse must be applied to a 25.0-kg cart to cause a velocity change of 12.0 m/s?
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52. A 0.25 kg block is traveling along a horizontal, frictionless surface at a speed of 2.8 m/s. The block hits a wall and
returns in the opposite direction at a speed of 1.7 m/s. What is the approximate impulse of the block on the
wall?
53. A 3000 kg bus can accelerate from rest to 30 m/s in 9s. What is the net force acting on the bus to cause this
acceleration?
54. A soccer ball is kicked horizontally at 15.8 m/s off the top of a field house and lands 33.9 meters from the base
of the field house. Determine the height of the field house.
55. A ball is projected horizontally from the top of a 92.0-meter high cliff with an initial speed of 19.8m/s. Determine
the horizontal distance traveled.
56. A plane drops a rescue capsule from an altitude of 8500 m. How long does it take for the capsule to fall to Earth,
assuming air resistance is negligible?
57. If you were to drop a golf ball, a soccer ball, a bowling ball and a tennis ball from a height of 100m, if there was
no air resistance which one would hit the ground first.
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