Molecular Biologist:__________________________________________
Period: ______ Date: ___________
Central Dogma Practice
The sequence of bases of a DNA molecule directs the formation of proteins. Genes usually make a single protein or part of a larger protein. Study the diagrams below. You will
practice each step of the central dogma. You will replicate a sequence of DNA as a cell would during the S phase of interphase. You will transcribe a DNA sequence to produce an
mRNA sequence. Finally you will use the codon chart in your notes or book to translate the mRNA sequence to produce the correct amino acid sequence. The sequence below is
part of the gene that makes beef insulin, a protein that regulates the breaks down sugar in a cow's blood.
1. a. Define Replication
b. What is the template molecule?
c. What is the product molecule?
d. Where does replication occur in prokaryotes?
e. Where does replication occur in eukaryotes?
f. Determine the complementary strand of DNA.
DNA
DNA
T A C
A A A
C A G T T A G T C G T A
G A C A C A C C C T C A G T G G A T C A G
G T C C G G
G A T A T A
2. a. Define Transcription
b. What is the template molecule?
c. What is the product molecule?
d. Where does transcription occur in prokaryotes?
e. Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes?
f. Transcribe the following DNA sequence.
DNA
T A C
mRNA
A A A
C A G
T T A
G T C
G T A
G A C
A C A
C C C
T C A
G T G
G A T
C A G
G T C
C GG
G A T
A T A
3. a. Define Translation.
b. What is the template molecule?
c. What is the product molecule?
d. Where does translation occur in prokaryotes?
e. Where does translation occur in eukaryotes?
f. Translate the following mRNA sequence.
Sequence
mRNA
1
AUG
2
UUU
3
GUC
4
AAU
5
CAG
6
CAU
7
CUG
8
UGU
9
GGG
10
AGU
11
CAC
12
CUA
13
GUC
14
CAG
15
GCC
16
CUA
17
UAU
18
UUG
19
GUU
20
UGC
21
GGC
22
GAG
23
AGA
24
GGG
25
UUC
26
UUU
27
UAC
28
UAC
29
CCC
30
AAA
31
GCA
32
GGU
33
AAU
34
GUG
35
GAA
36
CAG
37
UGU
38
UGU
39
CGU
40
UCU
41
GUU
42
UGU
43
UCG
44
UUG
45
UAC
46
CAA
47
UUG
48
GAG
Amino
Acid
Sequence
mRNA
Amino
Acid
Sequence
mRNA
Amino
Acid
49
AAU
50
UAU
51
UGU
52
AAC
53
UAG