year and cold storage effects on sensory and instrumental traits

advertisement

Original Article: Apple fruit texture QTLs: year and cold storage effects on sensory and instrumental traits

: Ben Sadok et al. 2015

Supplementary Data

Table. S1 Paired sample t-test for texture trait mean values over storage periods in 2011 : decreasing values at S2 are indicated in bold whereas increasing values are underlined.

1

(b)

Table. S2 PCA analysis for Instrumental traits: (a) Eigenvalues and Percentage of Explained Inertia by the first three components (b) Correlations among variables and PCs: significant values are indicated in bold and changes over storage are underlined.

Year PC Eigen value %Variance % Cumulative Variance

(a)

PC 1

S0 S2 S0 S2

7.23 7.23 60.22 60.32

2007 PC 2 2.57 2.86 21.48 23.86

PC 3 1.39 1.15 11.55 9.59

PC 1 6.16 6.63 51.33 55.32

S0

60.22

81.70

93.26

51.33

S2

60.32

84.19

93.79

55.32

2011 PC 2 3.42 3.70 28.51 30.85 79.85 86.17

PC 3

Variables

Penetromety

1.81 1.01 15.13 8.43

PC1

S0

PC2 PC3

94.99

PC1

S2

PC2

94.61

PC3

Fs_07 0.67 0.73 0.06 0.40 0.89 -0 .

05

Dp_07

Stiff_07

Ws_07

0.15

0.59

0.62

0.17

0.69

0.66

0.96

-0.38

0.41

-0.32

0 .

83

0.15

0.83

0.26

0 .

96

0 .

38

-0.43

0.15

FF_07

Compression

H1_07

0.59

0 .

94

0.72

-0.32

-0.29

-0.03

0

0 .

.

54

98

0 .

49

-0.14

-0 .

57

0.14

H2_07 0 .

95 -0.30 0.01 0 .

98 -0.11 0.15

Grad1_07

Grad2_07

WH1_07

0

0

0 .

.

.

91

75

89

-0.14

-0.29

-0.36

-0.15

-0.14

0.07

0

0

0 .

.

.

91

82

93

-0.05

-0.29

-0.14

-0.24

-0.24

0.31

WH2_07

Cohesiv_07

0

0 .

.

93

92

-0.24

-0.31

0.10

0.08

0

0 .

.

91

93

0.02

-0.07

0.34

0.33

Penetromety

Fs_11

Dp_11

Stiff_11

Ws_11

FF_11

Compression

0.35

-0.19

0 .

68

0.14

0.40

0

0 .

.

93

85

0.37

0

0 .

.

96

67

0.07

-0.44 -0.22

0,57

-0.14

0 .

51

0,21

0 .

63

0.03

0.23

0

0 .

.

96

86

0.59

0

0 .

.

96

77

0.09

0.36

-0.40

0.23

-0 .

52

H1_11

H2_11

Grad1_11

Grad2_11

WH1_11

WH2_11

Cohesiv_11

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 .

.

.

.

.

.

.

97

98

85

56

88

91

91

-0.20

-0.13

-0.01

-0.48

-0.19

0.04

-0.09

-0.15

-0.15

0.45

0.54

-0,42

-0.37

-0.41

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 .

.

.

.

.

.

.

99

99

92

79

95

93

95

-0.12

-0.10

0.05

-0.36

-0.15

0.07

-0.05

0.06

0.07

-0.29

-0.26

0.27

0.28

0.28

2

(b)

Table. S3 PCA analysis for sensory traits: (a) Eigenvalues and Percentage of Explained Inertia by the first three components (b) Correlations among variables and PCs: significant values are indicated in bold.

(a)

Year PC Eigen value %Variance % Cumulative Variance

S0 S2 S0 S2 S0 S2

PC 1 4.42 4.37 63.18 62.53 63.18 62.53

2007 PC 2

PC 3

1.16 1.06 16.65 15.21

0.46 0.55 6.59 7.86

79.83

86.43

77.74

85.60

Variables

Sensory

CRUNCH

FIRM

JUIC

PC1

0

0

0 .

.

.

82

87

68

PC2

0.28

-0.08

0

S0

.

59

PC3

0.30

0.22

0.06

PC1

0

0

0 .

.

.

88

84

71

PC2

0.00

-0.26 -0.09

0

S2

.

58

PC3

0.22

0.01

MELT

GRAIN

FIBER

MEALI

-0.52

-0

0

-0

.

.

.

91

82

86

0 .

73

0.09

-0.37 -0.34

-0.24

-0.32

0.31

0.10

-0.58

-0

0

-0

.

.

.

90

88

70

0 .

69 0.32

-0.05 -0.20

-0.15

-0.41

0.28

0.53

3

Table. S4 Correlations between sensory and instrumental traits on the basis of the mean phenotypic values per genotype: significant correlation values are underlined between groups of texture descriptors and indicated in bold within each group of sensory, penetrometry and compression traits

4

Table. S5 Summary of the QTLs detected for the storage index (SI) of texture traits

5

10

8

6

4

2

0

16

14

12

2007

2011

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Months

30

25

20

15

10

5

2007

2011

0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Months

Figure S1. Temperature records during the two studied harvest years 2007 and 2011: (a) minimal temperature (b) Maximal temperature.

6

GLOBAL MODEL RESULTS

Instrumental traits

Regarding traits related to flesh and skin firmness (i.e. FF, Fs and Ws), three QTLs were detected on LG5, LG6 and LG12 for FF in 2007 (FF_07; Table 5, Figure 4). A global model was built for these QTLs and showed no significant interaction between cofactors. Together, these QTLs explained 15.9% of the trait variability (Table 5). Two other QTLs were detected for FF at S0 on

LG6 and LG12 (FF_07_S0; Table 5, Figure 4). The global model did not include any interaction between QTLs and explained 13.4% of the variability (Table 5). Similarly, two QTLs were detected on LG6 and LG12 for Fs at S0 and explained together 13.8% of the variability

(Fs_07_S0; Table 5). Two other QTLs were detected for Fs at S2 on LG4 and LG6 (Fs_07_S2;

Table 5). The global model did not include any interaction between QTLs and explained 25.9% of the variability (Table 5). Three QTLs were detected for S2-specific BLUPs of Ws on LG2 ,

LG6 and LG16 (Ws_07_S2; Table 5, Figure 4). Together, these QTLs explained 30.69% of the variability (Table 5).

In 2011, two QTLs were mapped on LG1 and LG15 for FF (FF_11; Table 5, Figure 4). Together, the two QTLs explained 22.9% of the variability (Table 5). Moreover, three QTLs were mapped for Fs at S2 on LG1, LG5 and LG11 (Fs_11_S2; Table 5). The global model did not include any interaction between QTLs and explained 37.5% of the variability (Table 5).

Considering traits describing tissue elasticity (i.e. Dp and Stif), three QTLs were detected on

LG2, LG12 and LG16 for Dp in 2007 (Dp_07; Table 5, Figure 4). A global model built for these

QTLs showed significant interaction between the QTLs on LG2 and LG16 and explained 31.14% of the trait variability (Table 5). Moreover, two QTLs were detected on LG2 and LG16 for Dp at

S2 (Dp_07_S2; Table 5, Figure 4). Together, the two QTLs showed significant interaction effect and explained 35.75% of the variability (Table 5). Regarding the fruit stiffness, co-localizing

QTLs were detected for Stif_07 and Stif_07_S0 on LG6 and LG12 (Figure 4). The global model did not include any interaction between QTLs and explained 11.7% and 13.8% of the variability, respectively (Table 5). In 2011, two QTLs were detected for Dp at S2 on LG5 and LG11

(Dp_07_S2, Figure 4). Together, the two QTLs explained 13.4% of the variability (Table 5).

For traits describing global fruit hardness and elasticity (i.e. H1&2, WH1&2, Cohesiv and

Grad1&2), three QTLs were detected on LG2, LG4 and LG12 for H2 in 2007 (H2_07; Figure 4).

The global model did not include any interaction between QTLs and explained 28.73% of the

7

variability (Table 5). Considering the positive compression force area, two QTLs were mapped for WH1 in 2007 on LG1 and LG12 (WH1_07, Figure 4). The global model did not include any interaction between QTLs and explained 16.21% of the variability (Table 5).

In 2011, five QTLs were detected for H1 on LG1 , LG2 , LG3 , LG5 and LG8 (H1_11, Figure 4).

Together, these QTLs explained 39.7% of the variability and showed significant interaction effect

(P<0.05). Moreover, two QTLs were mapped for H1 at S0 on LG5 and LG15 (H1_11_S0, Table

5, Figure 4). The global model did not include any interaction between QTLs and explained

18.9% of the variability (Table 5). Likewise, three QTLs were detected for H2 at S0 on LG5,

LG8 and LG15 (H2_11_S0; Table 5, Figure 4). Together, these QTLs explained 28.52% of the variability (Table 5). Again, three QTLs were mapped for WH1 in 2011 on LG1, LG5 and LG8

(WH1_11; Table 5, Figure 4). The global model did not include any interaction between QTLs and explained 37.68% of the variability (Table 5). Similarly, four QTLs were detected for

WH2_11 on LG1, LG5, LG8 and LG15 (Figure 4). Together, these QTLs explained 40.31% of the variability and showed significant interaction effect (P<0.05), (Table 5). In addition, two

QTLs were detected for the coefficient of elasticity Grad 1 on LG1 and LG8 (Grad1_11; Table 5,

Figure 4). The global model did not include any interaction between QTLs and explained 27.53% of the variability (Table 5). Two other QTLs were mapped for Grad1 at S0 on LG3 and LG5

(Grad1_11_S0; Table 5, Figure 4). Together, these QTLs explained 11.11% of the variability and showed significant interaction effect (P<0.05), (Table 5).

Sensory traits

Two QTLs were detected for fruit meltiness in 2007 on LG5 and LG7 (Melt_07, Figure 4). The global model did not include any interaction between QTLs and explained 9.93% of the variability (Table 5). In 2011, four QTLs were mapped for Meali at S2 on LG2, LG5, LG7 and

LG12. The global model did not include any interaction between QTLs and explained 20.69% of the variability (Table 5). Finally, two QTLs were detected for Melt at S2 on LG6 and LG7

(Melt_11_S2, Figure 4). Together, these QTLs explained 20.69% of the variability (Table 5).

8

Download