The Probus Professional Partnership ™ Doc Ref: The Probus Partnership Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda ™ The Probus Professional Partnership From it’s founding in 1995,The Probus Professional Partnership has drawn together in a single team, long-term recognised experts from financial academia, ISO technical standards development, environmental investment, financial markets, climate-change metrics and social-equity disciplines. All these experts have significant long term experience within Climate Change, Sustainable Development & Environmetrics. Most of them also have long-term project experience within UNEP, UNFCCC, UN, World Bank and IMF-related projects; some have served or do serve upon the Boards of some of these entities. The team has completed projects across many continents for over 20 years, in total team members speak 12 languages and has no equal in terms of successful projects completed. Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 3 ™ Copyright © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Probus Sigma Lda. Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 4 ™ Table of Contents 1: Key Professional Biographies Chris Yates-Smith Peter Jeffs Edwin Aalders Xavier Hatchondo Tom Lillandt The Probus Partnership retains twenty two highly qualified technicians covering five main environmental finance risk related disciplines. 2: Brief Biography of Probus Sigma Overview Key Milestones 3: The Value of Credible, Verified ESG Data 4: Sample Client List and Testimonials Website: www.probus-sigma.com Contact: cys@probus-sigma.com Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 5 ™ 1. Brief Professional Biographies Chris Yates-Smith Managing Partner Chris Yates-Smith pursued a 21-year career within the international aviation industry as a Senior Aviation Consultant to seven international airlines. His work included new-route financial risk planning, mergers and acquisitions, financing of new national airlines (especially in emerging economies), turning cost centres into new revenue streams and refinancing failing large-scale international airlines. He retired in 1994 to the Western Cape of South Africa during the first free elections. Chris lived and worked on a wine farm, where he became well acquainted with the importance of good agricultural practice, human rights and the need for African economies to gain more benefit from their natural capital. Chris cooperated with Société General de Surveillance (SGS) to develop the first Global Organic Agricultural Standard, and the first international standard to include substantial requirements for social upliftment as an integral part of the certification process. Chris and his team played a leading role in the development of technical construction and funding of most current larger scale international environmental standards. In 1999, the team moved to the City of London While based in The City of London, the newly expanded team conducted environmental investment research with some of the leading international law firms, accountancy practices and investment institutions. It pioneered the identification of sustainably based environmental, social and governance (ESG) investment value drivers and the integration of investment-grade, ISO-verified environmental and social standards into the global investment markets. The team became known as ’The Virtuous Circle’. Chris was a member of an expert panel that contributed to the development of the UK Financial Stewardship Code, and was recently invited to provide specialist knowledge related to the EU regulation of carbon markets and legislation. This includes the EU directives applicable to the embedding of ESG factors into the European investment markets. Chris served on international accreditation panels for several groundbreaking international standards, ranging from The Global Organic Agricultural Standard, Halal Standard, GLOBALGAP, and many others. He has served on global expert panels within the International Sustainable Timber Industry, and on senior supervisory boards for Société General de Surveillance. Chris has contributed to UK accountancy reference works related to environmentally based intellectual property valuation and branding. In 2005, Chris founded a private environmental metrics, (environmetrics) research group in Lisbon, which is an international hub of environmental accords and ISO standards development. He also lectured at Coimbra University. The international ISO-based environmental-social equity standards to which Chris contributed now facilitate over one trillion dollars, (USD) in trade. The group recently played a key role in the technical development of the Verified Carbon Standard, which now holds over 50% of the global market in carbon offset credits. Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 6 ™ Peter Jeffs Senior Partner & Project Director Previously the CEO of a £125Million Private Property Investment Fund, Peter has a solid long term track record related to large scale complex corporate partnerships extending across Europe, Japan and The Middle East and most recently with European based hedge fund managers. Peter excels in developing Complex Partner programmes that require effective intra and inter-corporate communication. Peter has served as Head of Capital Markets for Simplex Consulting, a significant City based consulting group and previously as Business Devlopment Manager for Syntegra a consulting division of British Telecom where he evaluated the business viability of projects involving the wholesale financial markets (investment banks, central institutions, authorities and vendor companies). Previous projects have included Deutsche Bank, CSFB, UBSW, WestLB, SocGen, Morgan Stanley and HSBC as Clients. Peter honed his communication skills while working for Reuters and previous to this was an Officer in The Royal air Force. Edwin Aalders Senior Partner After Edwin Aalders graduated from the Larestein International Agricultural College in The Netherlands in 1991, he attained an MSc in Forestry from the University of Oxford’s Oxford Forestry Institute in 1992. He then held senior technical posts within the Sociate General de Surveilance. Edwin was the first developer of sustainable forestry practices, designing and initiating certification in this field. In 2004, Edwin joined Probus Sigma as a Senior Partner, and was then appointed by Probus to be interim CEO of the Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS), where he oversaw and guided the technical development of the VCS. He was also appointed by Probus to be interim Founder-Director of the International Emissions Trading Association. In both instances, Probus Sigma was contracted to provide full support staff. Edwin serves on various significant Boards related to CDM, JI and Voluntary GHG programmes, in addition to activities related to the monitoring and verification under the EU ETS. Edwin is a recognised expert on both the CDM and Voluntary Carbon Standards; he has broad, in-depth knowledge on climate-change issues, from a practical auditing experience, and from product development and participation at UNFCCC and interGovernmental-level negotiation. Edwin was a key speaker on climate-change issues at Davos, and continues to be a source of expert climate-change knowledge. With his experience as auditor and programme/business development manager with one of the world’s leading inspection and certification companies, Edwin has been involved in the development of leading ISO-based environmental standards that focus on Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 7 ™ sustainable management of natural resources. These include climate change, FSC, MSC, organics, and EurepGap. Between 1997 and 2002, he successfully developed and managed the entire SGS Climate Change Programme, which became fundamental to current validation and verification services of SGS group under the UK ETS, EU ETS and CDM Mechanism CDM, JI and Voluntary GHG Programmes, as well as activities related to the monitoring and verification under the EU ETS. Edwin speaks several languages, has lived and worked in various countries in Europe and the tropics, and speaks at conferences and seminars in Latin America, Africa and Asia/Pacific. He is the co-author of several industry reports and white papers, as well as various technical reference books. Xavier Hatchondo Partner Xavier Hatchondo graduated from the University of British Columbia with a PhD in Physics. He is also a graduate of the Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), with a Master’s degree in Astrophysics, and is a Fellow of the GHG Management Institute. Xavier speaks four languages at technical level – French (mother tongue), English, Italian and Spanish. He is an environmental standards expert, and has managed several large-scale, GHG-reduction projects in Asia, South and Central America and Africa. He has also specialised in reforestation projects in Costa Rica, Senegal, South Korea, India and Peru. He is a fully qualified lead auditor, competent to assess and audit programmes and projects such as UNFCCC, CDM, carbon finance, sustainable development and similar projects and programmes. Xavier has additional qualifications regarding, ADEME GHG DOUBLE HABILITATION, 2010, ISO 14064 Part 1 and 2, GHG MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE, V/V for GHG Inventory and Projects, June 2012, CDM-VCS-CAR-RGGI-CARBONFIX, Licence GHGMI. Xavier was previously Head of Climate Change for a leading global inspection company and has broad, in-depth experience within the global climate change industry. Recently, Xavier’s qualifications in Astrophysics have been used with the Probus Financial Academic Group in developing neural finance technologies to accurately value natural capital related to contingent liabilities within sovereign debt and bond issuances. Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 8 ™ Tom Lillandt Partner Tom Lillandt holds a Master’s Degree in economics and finance from the Swedish School of Economics and Finance, Helsinki, and advanced qualifications in derivatives and strategic management accounting. He speaks Russian, English, Swedish, Spanish, Norwegian, German and Finnish. As Research Manager with a leading City of London-based environmental finance research organisation, Tom was tasked with developing niche equity indices with a focus on corporate sustainability. This included the following: Participating in the development of a non-financial risk-rating tool. It is used to determine a company’s eligibility to be included into the in-house developed sustainability indices. Negotiating service contracts and joint ventures with entities in the US and Europe. Developing complex analytics with regard to the analysis of global ISO standards and management systems, such as ISO 14001, ISO 9000, PEFC, FSC, SA 8000, and ISO 26000. Conducting historical risk, return and correlation analysis of the in-house developed indices versus existing conventional and SRI/sustainability indices. Calculating historical index values for conventional and non-conventional Indices implementing MS Excel, Reuters 3000Xtra and Bloomberg. In-depth analysis of industry sector, geographic sector and currency effects on the price performance, returns and volatility of ESG indices. Tom worked with Mandatum Life Assurance in Helsinki, Finland, where he was Head of Operational Risk Management, and then led the Groups Project Management Team. Subsequently, he worked with Tapiola Life Insurance, managing International Affairs, later becoming Business Controller, and a member of the extended Executive Committee. Tom has been a Partner within the Probus Sigma Professional Partnership for some years. He is, without doubt, among the world’s most knowledgeable and experienced long-term environmental finance experts. Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 9 ™ 2: Brief Biography of Probus Sigma PLEASE NOTE: This outline overview document is not intended to be a detailed definitive credentials document. It is intended only to provide the viewer with an illustration of PSL competencies. Overview Probus Sigma* (Probus) is a privately held, independent professional partnership owned by its staff and Partners. Probus has no connections to any other entity that may cause conflict of interest to its clients or prospective clients. Probus holds a unique position within the global climate change and attendant global investment community. Probus began developing technical correlations between environmental conservation, social equity and risk/financial performance in The City of London more than fifteen years ago, and is the most experienced company in this field. The partnership has originated, developed or played a significant role in all current major, global environmentally ISO-based international private standards. Probus has clear long-term ESG credentials, and a deep knowledge of what constitutes and underpins ESG-based investment. No other company can claim a similar heritage. Probus retains a unique database of more than ten years of incisive research, with special focus on the past six years of carbon standards and carbon finance development. It also provides training facilities and founding, funding and incubation for well-known commercial initiatives related to CO² emissions reduction. Probus Partners and staff have solid experience in developing global-scale complex programmes and solutions. The Partners have long-term experience working in difficult emerging markets and conflict zones; between them, they are fluent (at technical level) in 12 languages. Key Milestones 2001 to 2012 The success of the Global Organic Standard, along with the cost reductions and benefits to emerging market export producers due to the availability of one single global standard, leads to Chris Yates-Smith’s appointment to the Founding Supervisory Board of EUREPGAP, (now GLOBALGAP: www.globalgap.org), in 2001. The aim of GLOBALGAP was to establish one standard for Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), with different product applications capable of accommodating every sector within global agriculture. Building on the experience and success of GLOBALGAP, the Global Organic Standard, the Global Halaal Standard, et al, (see later VCS, etc.), and in response to requests from investment managers for a greater knowledge of environmentally based investment risk, Probus opens an office in the City of London. It creates a significant research group concentrating on the correlation of corporately held ISO-based standards, financial * Probus Sigma’s website: www.probus-sigma.com Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 10 ™ performance, market volatility and risk. Its unique access to cogent data leads to several breakthrough advances in the objective correlation between financial performance and reduced market volatility in companies that implemented certain, ISO-based management standards and voluntary codes of practice. • Probus develops proprietary, objectively based methodologies for non-financial risk rating of standards, standard accreditation and audit processes. (Please note, these are risk ratings of standards, not companies). The first ESG-based, risk-rated, algorithmdriven indices are produced. Probus develops risk ratings for insurance wraps, enabling futures trading of carbon offset certificates. It also initiates and leads a City-based project to design a new ethical trading exchange; business partners include Syntegra, Aon Insurance and Citi Bank. Probus negotiates a $300 million, Merrill-Lynch-owned and structured five-year note, based upon ESG principles. Probus also works with the Marine Stewardship Council to further the interests of sustainable fishing. Probus is retained by the Forest Stewardship Council, founded by WWF, to advise on non-conflict of interest global funding mechanisms for environmental stewardship councils and NGO development of global sustainable timber and aquaculture standards. In tandem with the financial aspects of environmental stewardship, Probus develops corporate structuring to enable large NGOs to gain independent revenues via ‘for-profit’ sister companies without impinging upon the impartiality and not-for-profit or charitable status of the NGO. • The partnership expands its City of London offices. Probus originates several developmental partnerships with financial institutions concerned with researching and developing financial instruments (ETF’s, Funds and Structured Notes), based on environmental investment themes including carbon funds. These entities include: Simmons & Simmons (www.simmons-simmons.com), PKF (www.pkf.com ), Syntegra (www.syntegrainc.com), and Merrill-Lynch (www.ml.com ). • Probus is retained by the Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes (www.pefc.org). PEFC is the world's largest natural resource certification organisation. An international non-profit, non-governmental organisation dedicated to promoting sustainable forestry, PEFC accredits National Sustainable Forestry Schemes under its International Umbrella Standard. Key Probus developments include: a: Devising a strategy to place PEFC as the global leader in sustainable forest certification. b: Challenging the UK Government timber procurement policy, which excluded PEFC certified timber from its traditional £2 billion pound UK market. c: Providing a full UK specialist team to challenge government policy and re-open the market to PEFC certified timber. Also provided legal, political and brand management support, along with London-based office facilities. d: Providing a specialist interim UK Director of Communications (PEFC/UK). e: Advising on revisions of PEFC International accreditation procedures that would reopen the UK market to PEFC certified timber. This was achieved. f: Gaining two expert positions (of four available) on the Global Panel of Timber Experts (market access and commercial application). Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 11 ™ g: Providing (in 2007) a robust management system to PEFC client. The market was reopened, with new procedures. (In 2008-2009, there was a 400% increase in PEFC Certification in UK market). Probus also provides a senior interim manager (Edwin Aalders), as founding Director of The International Emissions Trading Association (IETA), on behalf of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (www.ieta.org), and to act as founding CEO of The Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS). (www.v-c-s.org). Probus provides all founding administrative support functions, (legal, treasury, etc.) required by both IETA and VCS. • Probus moves its technical research and development facilities to Portugal, adjacent to Lisbon, (the recognised European centre for ISO Accords and conferences), in cooperation with University of Coimbra. Chris Yates-Smith lectures on environmental finance and alternate energy development at University of Coimbra (www.uc.pt). Probus’ technical research and development facility expands to twenty two specialists, and continues to provide climate change risk-based technical advisory services to financial institutions, alternative energy investment due diligence and environmentally themed investment funds. Probus develops and proves concept of sustainably based, objective ISO-compliant, third-party verified quantitative metrics within ESG, and produces a series of ground-breaking indices. Probus also develops legally defensible fiduciary duty investment aspects into the Sigma algorithm. Probus also completes first multi-national banking review related to external risk (environmental) analysis. • Probus begins early-stage development work on the Verified Carbon Standard (previously known as Voluntary Carbon standard) technical documentation including the GAP Analysis. Creates and implements Carbon Training modules for a leading Spanishbased, multi-national, alternate-energy developer. Develops an interactive CDM/EB database for Lloyds Quality Register, begins work on correlation of ISO- based carbon standards, (mandatory markets and voluntary), and analyses investment risk and due diligence within differing carbon standards. Probus pre-empts later value of incisive analytical opportunities by constructing a sophisticated analytical mechanism to record and identify weaknesses and financial risk related to the accreditation of Direct Operating Entities (DOEs), which make application to Probus under the VCS-accreditation scheme that allows accredited entities to certify large-scale carbon emission-reduction projects. Probus recognises the inbuilt risks associated with process-driven ISO accreditation and conventional accountancy audit methodologies, and the weaknesses of non-investment grade accreditation process. Probus develops a new direction for devising and accrediting, (licence to authorise issuance of high-value carbon offset certificates) ISO-based private standards that facilitate the certification of large-scale projects that have a range of funds, financial instruments etc., attached to the outcome. Project Investment Grade, (PIG) is launched. Probus researches and develops new ISO/ESG-based banking standards in response to BankTrack report (‘Shaping the Future of Sustainable Finance’). Probus also produces an Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 12 ™ early set of proof-of-concept investment indices, based on new PSL proprietary, objective ESG-ratings methodology. Probus completes first VCS technical documentation, and creates and implements legally compliant and regulated treasury function. VCS Team and PSL Team works to create robust VCS investment grade accreditation documentation platform. PSL produces incisive reports and analysis regarding ESG risk in multi-national banking organisations and investment markets. • Probus creates a large-scale robust VCS validation and verification module, with emphasis on robust investment-grade verification. PSL also deploys a complete on-line accreditation application process with treasury function. Probus is appointed to operate the Global VCS Accreditation and GAP Analysis process on behalf of VCS Association. The International Accreditation Forum (IAF), while providing excellent standards for general accreditation functions, is and was devoid of any reference to the importance or consideration of the substantial investments made under their processes; therefore, none of the Voluntary GHG Standards accreditation procedures allow for the facilitation (license to certify offsets), of investment-grade audit. Probus expands its Technical Team, continues to improve private ISO-based accreditation processes, and develops several new climate change-based financial instruments. It develops a rigorous, secure web-based accreditation system designed to automate and reduce time costs to Standards’ owners requiring secure data storage and handling of multi-accreditation applications. In just two years, the VCS Standard achieves 48% of world voluntary carbon market, based on PSL investment-grade accreditation module; nearest competitor standard holds 12% (NGO initiative). • Probus enters into a research partnership with the University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Sfax University Business School, and two leading economics professors specialising in neural finance technologies. (The professors had already developed an algorithm related to forecasting natural disaster, political risk and whole-country environmental risks.) These technologies were developed for the re-insurance markets and the IMF. Probus has contributed five years of ESG research data, resulting in development of a single algorithm that accurately measures and forecasts environmentally based investment metrics through the chain. Current research includes the pricing of natural capital and measuring underlying natural capital liabilities within sovereign funds and bond issuances. Probus joins The International Institute of Environmental Metrics and initiates the development of the pricing of Natural Capital. Probus initiates research into EU Defence Procurement sustainability metrics. Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 13 ™ 3: The Value of Credible, Verified ESG Data During the years of preparation for the launch of the VCS Standard, Probus recognised an opportunity to gather factual data. In early 2006, Probus commissioned installation of a sophisticated research data management system that was custom built to correlate and identify trends in both the accreditation applicant failure to provide assurance of competency, weaknesses in the construction of ISO-based private standards with an investible end product and identification of potential inadequacies regarding ESG risk. The emergence of ESG as an investment tool needs to be clearly distinguished from the field of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI), and similar terminology. The fundamental distinguishing feature between these two approaches is motivation. Whereas SRI is essentially motivated by ethical imperatives and aims to actively shape the market, ESG integration is motivated by economic imperatives and is a risk-analytics tool aimed at capturing the effects of ESG governance considerations on the riskadjusted return of portfolios. In this regard, ESG integration is a more tangible and effective method of addressing such issues given conventional investment practice, which relies heavily on quantitative measures and standardised benchmarks. Without doubt, Probus is the sole entity with the unusual opportunity to recognise trends in the application of ISO-based standards that, with the addition of Investment Grade modules, provide a credible and solid investment platform. 4: Sample Client List and Testimonials Much of Probus Sigma’s work is bound by strict confidentiality agreements, most of which preclude disclosure of client’s names. Probus originates new products for these companies who, in turn, wish to ensure it is their brand, and not Probus’, that is paramount. During the research and development stage of the objective measurement of ESG portfolio risk, Probus developed the Sigma ISO/ESG Tool. It provides three levels of corporate objective/predictive ESG-risk rating, based upon ISO international standards and methodologies. Following three years of intensive study and testing, the product was exposed to a selection of financial institutions. Reactions included the following: MN Services: “This is the best concept I have seen in the market.” Shell Pension Fund: “Maybe I should run my whole portfolio using this concept.” Euronext: “Index outperforms and has a lower volatility than all indices.” Marine Stewardship Council: “This is the Holy Grail of sustainability.” Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 14 ™ Euronext: “Index performs better than almost all conventional indices.” ABN Amro: “Extensive study of the Sigma Methodology has showed a positive correlation with share price performance.” The research and development of investment-grade standards construction, accreditation and GAP analysis allied to a client-driven requirement to reduce lead times and deployment cost, led to the development of a proprietary system. Utilising state-of the-art IT-based systems resulted in an average overall reduction in time cost of 40% and, equally important, a customer-satisfaction level far beyond the industry norm. Please read the following comments: Jerry Seager, Programme Manager, VCS Association “Probus Sigma has been a first-rate partner: its deep knowledge and experience of environmental standards, together with the technical expertise and dedication of the team, have been invaluable to VCS Association.” Ronna Newton, Perry Johnson International “What could have been a painful and stressful undertaking was lessened by your teams’ professionalism. A company is only as good as the people it has on staff, and from what I can see your company is truly blessed.” Eric Krupp, TUV-Nord Cer “I would really like to thank you very much for your efforts and especially the efforts of the Probus Sigma team regarding our case. We are deeply grateful that you took so much of the hard work out of assessing our application.” ENDS Doc Ref: PSL Brief Overview Date: 05/12/2012 © 2012 Probus Sigma Lda 15 ™