Vehari also spelled as Vehari (Urdu: ‫ )وہاڑی‬is a small town about 100 km from the historical city
of Multan and is the headquarters of Vehari District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated
at the Multan Delhi Road constructed by Indian Muslim Emperor Sher Shah Suri.[3] It is located at an
altitude of 135 m (446 ft)[4] It is 96 kilometers (60 mi) from the regional metropolis of Multan, 956
kilometers (594 mi) from Karachi, 300 kilometers (190 mi) from Lahore, 218 kilometers (135 mi)
from Faisalabad, 119 kilometers (74 mi) from Bahawalpur, 61 kilometers (38 mi) from Hasilpur, 41
kilometers (25 mi) from Mailsi, 46 kilometers (29 mi) from Kacha Khuh, 36 kilometers (22 mi)
from Burewala, 27 kilometers (17 mi) from Luddan, 78 kilometres (48 mi) from Arifwala, 112
kilometers (70 mi) from Pakpattan, and about 37 kilometres (23 mi) north of the river Sutlej – the
southernmost of the five rivers of the Punjab region. Islam Headwords is located on this river near
Luddan on the Luddan-Vehari canal providing irrigation water to both banks of the river, which
includes the upper fringes of the Cholistan
Desert.
About The School
Girls School
Such Schools Where Only Girls can get Study. Also known as Single-gender education, is the practice of
conducting education where Boys and Girls students attend separate classes or in separate buildings or
schools
High School
 High School
 Grade 9: 13-14 years old
 Grade 10: 14-15 years old
Secondary education in Pakistan begins from grade 9 and lasts for four years. After end of each of the
four school years, students are required to pass a national examination administered by a regional Board
of Intermediate and Secondary Education (or BISE).
Upon completion of grade 9, students are expected to take a standardized test in each of the first parts of
their academic subjects. They again give these tests of the second parts of the same courses at the end
of grade 10. Upon successful completion of these two examinations, they are awarded a Secondary
School Certificate (or SSC). This locally termed as 'matriculation certificate' or 'metric' for short. The
curriculum usually includes a combination of eight courses including electives (such as
Biology/Computing, Chemistry and Physics) as well as compulsory subjects (such as English, Urdu,
Mathematics, Islamiyat and Pakistan Studies).
Government School
Government schools are schools that are provided by state and federal funding. Government schools are
schools mandated for or offered to all children by the government.
Classes Offered
Primary
Typically, primary education (First five years of school are referred as primary.) is provided in Primary
schools, where the child will stay in steadily advancing classes until they complete it and move on to high
school.
Primary education which marks the start of formal education in a child’s life begins when a child turn to
around 5 years of age. First five years of school are referred as primary.
Middle
Middle school and junior high school are levels of schooling between elementary and high schools.
Most school systems use one term or the other, not both.
Education for 5th to 8th is provided in Middle or Elementary schools.
Metric
Metric Class Education Also Called Grades 1 to 10 or 10 years of education as it is called so. Students
are requiring appearing for board examination termed as Secondary School Certificate examinations or
more commonly as 'Metric' or High School.
Government Of Punjab
The province of Punjab having a population of 73.6m people,38.1 males and 35.5 females as per 1998
census, has promulgated compulsory Primary Education Ordinance and has launched a commendable
programmed for achieving the targets of Universal Primary Education throughout Punjab.
Travel Guide to Pakistan
Welcome to the fabulous Pakistan!
Pakistan is situated in the west of India and china while Iran and Afghanistan share their border with
Pakistan on western side. Pakistan is a very peaceful and very friendly nation.
Pakistan is the real old India that world should come to see. This is where Moen Jo Daro of Indus
civilization is, This is where the mighty river Indus runs, This here where Buddhism was developed,
this is where Sanskrit was born, and this is where the the Alexander came.
The spectacular views of the mountains the green planes, colorful deserts and the mighty Indus river
are just a few things that this country has been blessed with. We are also blessed with the oldest
history of the world. When we look at the civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia and others our Indus
civilizations looks way too far well developed and well planned. We are the first urban civilization
where city planning existed. We are the people who had binary system of the weights and the most
accurate one 5000 yes five thousand years ago.
Pakistan is a paradise and no super power can destroy it. We are facing a time when people are
talking all sorts of ill things about us but its only us who see that Pakistan still stands out and boasts
to be the most beautiful and most wonderful country in the world.
Today some countries are building largest shopping malls, tallest towers and what not they destroy
nature and produce ugly structures which do nothing but hurt our earth can those countries build
mountains like K2 can they bring about a river as mighty and as legendry as river Indus.
This is an open invitation to everyone come visit Pakistan don't listen to media don't listen to
advisories this country is full of friendly folks flora and fauna. Nature smiles here and sun pays its first
homage here in Pakistan.
Pakistan Country profile
General Overview
Official Name : Islami Republic of Pakistan
Capital : Islamabad
Largest City : Karachi
Population : 153 million (UN Estimate)
Total Area : 796,095 km2 (36th) 307,374 sq miles
Currency : Pakistan Rupee (Rs)
Official language : Urdu
Regional languages Balochi, Pashto, Punjabi, Saraiki, Sindhi
Pakistan tourism had suffered the hardest in 2011. There were some groups from Japan and other
countries in the north eastern region of Gilgit Baltistan. An estimate is that about 5000 tourists have
visited Pakistan in 2011.
2012 Looks a bit better as the security situation in Pakistan has improved. Comparing to 2010 there
were less than half causalities in the country related to terrorist attacks and in 2012 the government
has taken good measures to control the threats of security in the country. This has overall impacted
positively on the tourism industry of Pakistan.
Arrival Targets for 2012
Government had a major change in the tourism department last year. Now the tourism has become a
matter of individual provinces. Till the writing of this report none of the tourism Authorities has
announced any targets or expectations.
The only active Private firm “Travel & Culture Services” has set their own target for arrivals which is
around 8000 foreign tourist during 2012 an about 10000 local domestic tourists.
Climate
Pakistan mainly is a warm country especially during the main peak tourist season. However it is a
country that offer complete four seasons starting with blossom to the change of colors in autumn
Best time to Visit
Pakistan offers a holiday for any season. The Northern Pakistan, which offer high mountain valleys
history and culture, is ideal between March & September while southern Pakistan, which offer history
culture and beauty is ideal from September to March.
Flag of Pakistan
Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Islam-i Jamhuriya-e Pakistan
Pakistan's Flag was officially adopted on 14 August 1947 thee date of independence of Pakistan from
the British when India was divided into two countries. coat of arms adopted 23 March 1956.
The Pakistan Flag was designed by Ameer-ud-din Khidwai. The national flag of Pakistan is dark green
in color with a white bar, a white crescent in the centre and a five-pointed star. The significance of the
color and symbols used in the Pakistan Flag is as follows:
The white and dark green field represents minorities & Muslim majority, respectively.
The crescent on the flag represents progress.
The five-rayed star represents light and knowledge.
Pakistani's are proud of the flag and display it everywhere. On 14th August The independence day you
can nearly see a Flag on every single Pakistani house, Car & Motorcycle. All public places are
decorated with numerous Flags.
Provinces of Pakistan
Pakistan is divided into 5 main provinces. Each province has a legislative provincial assambly lead by
the chief minister while there is a Governor in each province who represents the central government.
Each province is named after the major language spoken in it.
Sindh Province
Sindh Province is in the south east. Karachi the southernmost metropolis is the capital of the Sindh
province. Sindh is also attributed to the Indus river and is also abode of the Indus civilization. Moen Jo
Daro is also situated in this province.Most of the people in Sindh Speak Sindhi language.
Punjab Province
Punjab literally means the land of 5 rivers. Due to its rivers it is the most fertile and most populated
province of Pakistan. People speak Punjabi here and have many colorful traditions. Most of Pakistanis
outside Pakistan come from this province.
Pakhtoon Khuwah (formerly NWFP)
The Pakhtoon Khwah is the land of Pakhtoon or Pathans as called by the English. This is the north
western province of Pakistan. The people in this province live in a strict tribal system. Recently this
province has been hit by the troubles of Taliban
Balouchistan Province
The south western province of Pakistan it is the largest province of the country making about 40% of
the total area of Pakistan. It is also most scarcely populated province of Pakistan.
Gilgit Baltistan
The land of high mountains and beautiful valleys. This has been only recently formed previously it was
a centrally administered area called the Northern Areas.
This site contains information & guide to every city of Pakistan.News articles and a lot of information.
Please click the related links below.
Pakistan – Weather
Pakistan is a country with a warm and dry weather. In the south it is tropic and in the North it is Cold
in Winters and Hot in Summer. The monsoon (Rain) Period starts in July and lasts only a month.
Gardens in Pakistan
Pakistan Has some of the most beautiful gardens built during the Mughal times, English times and
modern times. Following is short list of some of the Important Gardens.
Pakistan Garden Tour Visit all Gardens Listed Here
LAHORE
Shalimar Garden Lahore Pakistan
Built in 16th Century by Shahjehan the greatest patron of Architecture It was used as the Royal
pleasure Garden by the Moghuls during 16th to 19th century. In 1818 It saw its worst days when it
was destroyed by the Sikh ruler Ranjit sing and was used as stable. During English times (18421947) It regained its value as the Garden and was open to Public. After English the Garden was
restored by the Pakistan Government and it in use today as popular hangout site.
The Garden had beautiful fountains run with the help of camels now runs occasionally
withth electric motors. It has a huge fortification wall around it built during Moghul
times. Picture Of Shalimar Garden.
Pakistan Currency Museum
The state Bank of Pakistan has established country's first currency and financial museum in Karachi.
This museum displays the historical record of coins and bank notes produced in Pakistan since the
independence in 1947. The museum has also pictures and other artifact from the governors of state
Bank of Pakistan. Here are some images (Courtesy Riaz Suhail BBC)
The Main display at Pakistan Currency Museum shows the pictures of the past governors and events at
State Bank of Pakistan
One rupee note from United India, used in Pakistan with Government of Pakistan Stamp) for about
one year after independence
First note of one Rupee printed in 1948 by Government of Pakistan signed by Governor Mohammad
Ayub
In 1953 the first Bank note of Rs. 5 and Rs. 10 were printed above note is from 1953 signed by
Governor Shujaat Ali
Ten Rupee Note
First 100 Rupees Note of Pakistan
50 Rupee note of Pakistan issued in 1957
Rs. 500 note issued in 1957 first time in Pakistan
One Paia coin Issued in 1948
Note printing machine Pakistan Currency museum
with the people and attract their attention towards the tenets of Islam. Already well versed in
Turkish, Persian and Arabic forms of music, they began studying local forms of folk music.
Plate used for printing notes
Coin Molding machine
Prize bond drawing machine used to draw the winners of prize bonds in Pakistan
Shalimar gardens have the proud privilege of being the stage of all important state receptions. Outside
its walls the annual festival of Mela Chiraghan is held every year during the year of March. Special
lights on the first and second terraces of the Gardens have been installed and the area is illuminated
half-an-hour after sun-set.
Chhanga Manga Lahore Pakistan
Chhanga Manga is a man-made forest 68 kms from Lahore. It is a very popular park among
Pakistanis. There is a lake, and a miniature railway which winds its way through its forest. Chhanga
Manga has 12,510 acres of plantations. It is a popular picnic spot spread over 50 acres with a lake and
row boats, motor boats, children's park, swimming pool, cafeteria, canteen and rest-houses.
Jallo Park Lahore Pakistan
The Park is 28 kms from Lahore. It can be visited by road and by rail. A rail-car leaves for Jallo
Railway Station every half hour. Spread over an area of 450 acres, It has expanses of lawns, a forest
research centre, a children's park, zoo, a small museum and a gift shop.
ISLAMABAD
Islamabad is a beautiful modern capital of Pakistan The city has many well planed Gardens
Rose & Jasmine Garden Islamabad
This 20,360 sq. meters rose garden is famous for its roses. It has 250 different varieties of roses as
well as a dozen types of Jasmines, Flower shows are occasionally held here, particularly during spring.
Nearby is the Tourist Camping Site.
Shakar Parian hills
Shakarparian hills are situated near Zero Point, at a height of 609 meters. Its terraced garden offers
pleasant and sweeping vistas of Margalla and Murree hills, Rawal Lake, Rawalpindi and Islamabad,
Snack Bar facilities are available.
Daman-e-Koh
This low hill over looking Islamabad, known as Daman-e-Koh, offers panoramic view of Islamabad.
Snack bar facilities are available at PTD’s Daman-e-Koh Restaurant. The place is ideal for afternoon
and evening outing with family and friends.
Marghaza Mini Zoo & Park
Murghzar Mini Zoo is located at the foot of Daman-e-Koh viewpoint. A display corner of Pakistan
Museum of Natural History and a Japanese style children’s park have also been established near the
Zoo. The Park is a gift to Pakistani children from the children of Japan.
RAWALPINDI
Liaquat Memorial Hall and Garden
This hall was built in memory of late Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan. It has a
large auditorium and library. Art exhibitions, cultural shows and stage plays are performed here
frequently. A well-laid garden with sports facilities and children’s park has been developed near the
hall.
Ayub National Park
Ayub National Park is located beyond the old Presidency on Grand Trunk (G.T.) Road. It covers an
area of about 2,300 acres and has a play-land, lake with boating facility, an aquarium, a gardenrestaurant and an open air theater.
Rawalpindi Golf Course
Situated near Ayub National Park, Rawalpindi Golf Course was completed in 1926 by Rawalpindi Golf
Club, one of the oldest golf clubs of Pakistan, founded on 2nd November 1885. The facility was initially
developed as a nine-hole course. After several phases of development, it is now converted into a 27hole course. The successive Presidents of Pakistan are patronizing the club. From the elegant
clubhouse, one can have a wonderful panorama of Faisal Mosque, the twin cities of Islamabad and
Rawalpindi and the Golf Course itself. Major national golf tournaments are held here regularly. For
more information, please contact the Assistant Secretary, Rawalpindi Golf Club, G.T. Road, Rawalpindi
(Tel: 56131346).
Music of Pakistan
Pakistani music has evolved with many historic phases under which this land went thru. Invaders from
all corners of the world brought their bits of spices to the music, culture and art of Pakistan. After the
arrival of Islam and than the revolution of sufism music became ever more mature and developed a
new identity of it self.
QAWWALI
Qawwali as a musical form is closely linked with the Sufi tradition of Islam and the particular
practices that Sufi scholars developed to achieve closeness to God. When Muslim Sufis came to
India, the first thing which struck them was the important role which music played in the socioreligious life of the local inhabitants. They realized that music would help them to with the people
and attract their attention towards the tenets of Islam. Already well versed in Turkish, Persian and Arabic
forms of music, they began studying local forms of folk music.
Phrases
Urdu
Urdu is the official language of Pakistan. It is the Lingua franca of
Pakistan. It is the official language of the state although most of the communication in letters is done
English but every one in the country uses Urdu as the main communication language. Historically Urdu
is derived from the Turkish world which means a troop or horde. It was a form of communication used
in the Moghul military between 15th to 18th century. Later it became a full fledged language having
mixture of words from all nationalities which seved the Moghuls.
English
Urdu (In Roman Script)
Hello
Assalam O Alaikum
Goodbye
Al Wida
Good morning
Subha Ba Khair or Assalam O
Alaikum
Good afternoon
Do Pehar Ba Khair or Assalam O
Alaikum
Good evening
Shaam Ba Khair or Assalam O
Alaikum
Yes
Haan
No
Naheen
Please
Barae Meharbani
Thanks
Shukria
Excuse me (to get past)
Maaf Kee ji ye rasta dee jiaga
Excuse me (to get information)
Maaf Kee ji ye
My name is .......
Mera Naam Hai............
What is your name?
Aap Ka naam Kia Hai
Pleased to meet you
Aap se Mil Ke Khushi Hui
How much does this cost?
Is Ki Qeemat Kia Hai
Can you help me please?
Kia Aap Meri Madad Kar sakte hain
I am trying to learn Urdu (Male)
Main Urdu Seekh Raha Hoon
I am trying to learn Urdu (Female)
Main Urdu Seekh Rahi Hoon
Sorry
Maaf Kee Jiay Ga
What Happened
Kia Hua
Where are you going
Kahaan Ja Rahe Ho
I am going to .................(Male)
Main ............... Ja Raha Hoon
I am going to .................(Female)
Main ............... Ja Rahi Hoon
Where is Food
Khana Kahaan Hai
How to get to Museum or Way to
museum
Museum ka raasta konsa hai
Today is Monday
Aaj peer Hai
What Happened
Kia Hua
When
Kab
I want to go back (Male)
Main Wapis Jana Chahta Hoon
I want to go back (Female)
Main Wapis Jana Chahti Hoon
I am Sorry
Mujhe Afsos Hai
Urdu In a Shop
English
Urdu
Hello
Assalam O Alaikum
How are you
Kia Haal Hain
How Much is this
Ye Kitne ka Hai
Its Expansive
Mehanga Hai
Please reduce the price a bit
Kuch Kam Karain
I will give you 100 Rupees
Main 100 rupees doonga
No
Naheen
Please
Barae Meharbani
Thanks
Shukria
Excuse me (to get information)
Maaf Kee ji ye
My name is .......
Mera Naam Hai............
What is your name?
Aap Ka naam Kia Hai
Urdu Phrases in a restaurant
English
Urdu
Hello
Assalam O Alaikum
How are you
Kia Haal Hain
How Much is this
Ye Kitne ka Hai
What is available to eat
Khane Main Kia Hai
What is less spicy
Kam Masale wala Kia Hai
I am Vegetarian
Main Gosh Naheen Khata
Please bring the bill
Bill La Dain
Food was great
Khana Bohat Achha Tha
I didn't enjoy the food
Khane Main Maza Naheen Aaya
Is there any thing else
Kuch Owr Hai?
Its Expansive
Mehanga Hai
No
Naheen
Please
Barae Meharbani
Thanks
Shukria
Excuse me (to get information)
Maaf Kee ji ye
My name is .......
Mera Naam Hai............
What is your name?
Aap Ka naam Kia Hai
Counting in Urdu
All English counting words are understood well so if you don't know the Urdu word you can easily use
English counting
English
Urdu
One
Aik
Two
Do
Three
Teen
Four
Char
Five
Paanch
Six
Che
Seven
Saat
Eight
Aath
Nine
No
Ten
Das
Eleven
Giyara
Twelve
Bara
Thirteen
Tera
Fourteen
Choda
Fifteen
Pandra
Sixteen
Sola
Seventeen
Satra
Eighteen
Athara
Nineteen
Unees
Twenty
Bees
Names of days
English
Urdu
Monday
Peer
Tuesday
Mangal
Wednesday
Budh
Thursday
Juma Raat
Friday
Juma
Saturday
Hafta
Sunday
Itwar
Today
Aaj
Yesterday
Kal
Tomorrow
Kal
Morning
Subha
Evening
Shaam
Afternoon
Do Pehar
Night
Raat
What is day today
Aaj Konsa Din Hai
What day will you com
Konse Din Aao Ge
Eid in Pakistan
This year (2013) Eid falls on 9th or 10th of August there will be official holiday from 9th to
12th August for the Eid celebration
About Eid Ul Fitr
"Eid" which means happiness is a
festival that is celebrated twice a
year in Pakistan. One and the first
comes right after Ramadan and is
called Eid Ul Fitur. This is a
celebration for the fasting month
and a token to make a commitment
to one's self to be faithful and be
kind to the poors.
Eid al-Fitr in Pakistan is also known
as Chhoti (urdu: small) or Meethi
(urdu: sweet) Eid. It is celebrated for 3 days and there are 4 days holidays on this occasion.
Eid begins with a special prayer in all cities towns and villages, people make special dishes for the Eid
which are mostly Sweets and deserts of different types specially Vermicelli
Eid preparations usually start with the beginning of Ramadan and continue throughout the month. It is
customary for almost everyone to wear new dress. So the shopping of garments is ever more popular
throughout the month of Ramadan.
The bazaars are decorated to welcome Eid shoppers. Special sale prices are offered on garments and
shoes. Young girls and older women wear bangles made of fine glass. The night when the moon is
sighted is fixed for this activity. Womenfolk in huge numbers throng the special bangle stalls and
shops as soon as the Shawwal moon is sighted. Men and elders usually exchange moon greetings.
Telephone these days are frequently used for this late evening exchange of greetings.
The next day is Eid, a public holiday, and a great occasion for rejoicing. Rising early, the rich as well
as the poor wash, dress up in new clothes, and start the day with a light breakfast which usually
consists of fine wheat noodles mixed with milk and commonly known as Vermicelli.
Then the men congregate at the mosques or eidgahs (large enclosures for prayers). On the way they
pass out the obligatory alms called fitra. When Eid prayers and Thanksgivings are over, they hug and
congratulate each other and later during the day, they visit relatives, friends, and neighbors.
The poor also join in the celebration because it is during Ramadan that Muslims give Zakah, which is a
2 and 1/2 percent payment on one year's savings or gold, silver currency, or goods for trade equal in
price to 87.48 grams of gold or 612.36 grams of silver. Tens of millions are distributed in cash or kind
among poor who also share in the festivities.
After offering Eid prayers, which is an occasion for expressing thanks to Allah, the men return home
and wishing children, women and elders of the household Eid Mubarak eat the sweet dish known as
Vermicelli or sheer-khurma (dates cooked in milk and served with wheat noodles). Also as an
additional treat, a variety of dishes are cooked. Festivities continue till late night, and in some towns a
popular fair or mela is held for recreational purpose.
For the children it is a very happy day because they receive money from all the elders, to spend and
enjoy themselves. They also can receive clothes or gifts. It is like Christmas. Employees get bonuses,
factories and offices close down for a couple of days, and food and money are distributed to the poor.
Because it marks the end of Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr is always an occasion for a big meal, and families
come together like Thanksgiving.
Pakistani Traditional Dishes & Popular Food
Every country, region and even local regional people have their own taste and to cater to that everyone has their
own style of food, dishes and own recipes. In sub-continent, while Sri Lanka and Bangladesh have hundreds of
dishes related to rice and fishes alone, its the rich Pakistani and Indian culture that have thousands if not millions
of recipes. In Pakistan, we have regional dishes and food and then there are dishes popular country wide. In KPK,
food and recipes are inspired from neighbouring Afghanistan, Punjab has a rich culture, Sindh and Balochistan have
their own traditional food. Some traditional and popular food throughout stand apart all and are equally liked by
everyone.
Here is a full list of Pakistani Recipes, that also is categorized by type, cuisine, course and many other options.
Here you can also get latest breakfast recipes, daal recipes, most popular dessert and sweets recipes, Kebabs
recipes, a vast collection of chicken recipes, beef & mutton recipes, seafood & fish recipes, tandoori recipes. Also
on some occasions parents are keen to prepare recipes of their kids, so for them here is kids recipes you can
prepare at home. I am not forgetting to mention recipes and food for special occasions like Eid Recipes, Holiday
Recipes, including Eid ul Fitr recipes,Eid ul Adha recipes and Iftari Recipes.
Biryani & Pulaos
Biryani and Pakistani foods are directly linked. No Pakistani feast is complete without its presence. It is basically a
South Indian dish but it became a smashing hit in Pakistan for people here are crazy about it. It is made from rice
and meat of any type. Biryani took many forms and shapes and even recipe variations here such as Mutton Biryani,
Sindhi BIryani, Tikka Biryani, aalo Biryani etc.
Similarly, Pulao comes second after it. It has many forms and methods of cooking because of the variation of
culture and differences of areas.
Browse all Biryani Recipes
Makai Ki Roti & Sarsoon (mustard) ka Saag
Makai ki Roti with Sarsoon da saag is a famous Punjabi recipe. It involves mustard leaves, makai flour and that’s it.
Whenever there is a need to represent village culture of Pakistan, it is shown to be eaten.
Kababs /Naan
Naan Kababs are not dishes actually but kind of essential add-ons or pop-ups of a Pakistani dining table. Kebab is
made from minced meat and naan with flour dough. There is a wide variety of kababs in a Pakistani dinner table
like Shami Kabab, Tikka Kabab, Gola Kabab, Seekh Kabab, Aalo kabab, Chapli Kabab, Chappli Kabab and many
more.They are either used together or separately or with other dishes such as Pualo Kabab, Bun kabab or naan
nehari etc.
Naan also has many forms like Qeema Nan, Aalo Nan, Roghni Nan and so on, especially Roghni naan is very
popular among Pakistanis.
Some great Kebabs and Tikka Recipes are here
Korma & Nehari
Korma & Nehari are also yummy Pakistani food items. Meat is involved in cooking both the dishes. People enjoy
eating them on special occasions such as weddings, dinners, parties and hangouts etc.
Haleem And Hareesa
Haleem and Hareesa involve a lot of food items like lentils; rice, meat, maze etc. but the amalgam of such product
is surely is super-duper tasty in the form of Haleem or hareesa. They are majorly served with Naan.
Seeji & Dampukht
Seeji or Saji and Dumpakht are two especial Baluchi cuisine that have become so famous all over the country now.
It is made out after skewing whole lamb that makes it unique and scrumptious for all. Dampukht is also made from
meat but its cooking involves a lot of fats.
Halwa Puri
Halwa Puri is the last but not least especial breakfast item of Pakistan. It is originated from Punjab but famous all
over the world for its yummy taste and halwa eye-catching color. Halwa is a sweet dish that involves Suji, a kind of
flour and sugar majorly; while Puri is made out of gram-flour and then deep fried in the oil.
Arts of Pakistan
The term art refers to ‘any skill or mastery’. Art is a broad subdivision of culture, composed of
many expressive disciplines. It is the conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colors,
forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the sense of beauty, specifically the
production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium. Politically speaking, Pakistan
emerged as a soverign state in 1947, but the roots of its performing arts and visual arts have a
common background with what was known as the sub-continent of India. Arts in Pakistan can
broadly be categorized in to three sections such as:
Visual Arts
The visual arts are art forms that focus on the creation of works which are primarily visual in
nature, such as painting, photography, printmaking, and filmmaking. Visual art is defined as the
arrangement of colors, forms, or other elements in a manner that affects the sense of beauty,
specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium. Some of the major
forms of visual arts prevalent in Pakistan are as follows:
i. Calligraphy
The Art of Calligraphy, in particular, Arabic Calligraphy, has gained unprecedented patronage,
enormous strength & support over the years at varied levels of society. In Pakistan, like in any
other Islamic state, this traditional expression has retained its glory & inspired many a minds.
The term calligraphy is derived from the Greek kalligraphia, meaning “beautiful writing”, and is
applied to individual letters as well as to entire documents; it also refers to an aesthetic branch of
paleography. Calligraphy is an art that only looks good to the eye, nut conveys a strong message
as well Islamic calligraphy is mutually coordinated with Arabic Calligraphy. Most calligraphers
became famous by developing Islamic Calligraphy in new trend. In the earlier days, The Kufi
script was known as best script due to character combination. It was considered as script for the
Holy Quran. After this the Naskh script came in to use. Then all the Arabic script was written in
Naskh script. As that time the Persian used to write Persian in ta’liq. They joined the both script
together and the new script came in to being with the name Nastaliq.
ii. Landscape Painting
A landscape is a form of painting depicting scenery of land. Landscape is ideally done on the
spot giving the artist an opportunity to capture both physical and abstract elements of nature like
landforms, flora and fauna, lighting and weather conditions, and human activity or the built
environment. Landscape is one of the principal types or genres of art. The impressionist used
landscape painting as a vehicle for a revolution in Western Painting. In landscape, lighting
conditions are very important as they determine the shades of the land.
iii. Miniature Painting
From Samarkand and Bokhara to the Eastern Shores of Benghal, the exquisite art of miniature
painting has left an indelible mark on the aesthetic heritage of the civilizations that have
flourished here. To be exact the Mughal era marks the high renaissance of miniature painting.
Along with the magnificent monuments built by the Emperors, miniature painting achieved an
excellence seldom surpassed since. In recent times however, Abdur Rehman Chughtai , Haji
Muhammad Sharif & Sheikh Shujaullah blazed a new trail and a whole school of miniature
painter have taken on the challenge of making this art form most contemporary and relevant to
their times. Pakistan can easily boast a leadership role in this genre. All one has to do is to look
at the popularity and abundance of miniature paintings that are being produced by our masters
and students alike.
iv. Modern Art
Modern art is that genre of art, which rejects the past as a model for the art of the present. Hence
the term modernist or modern art is used. Modernist proposes new forms of art on the grounds
that these are more appropriate to the present time. Modern art is characterized by constant
innovations. Modernism is generally associated with ideal visions of human life and society and
a belief in progress. Modern art referred to a new approach in the field of arts placing emphasis
on representing emotions, themes, and various abstractions. Artists experimented with new ways
of seeing, with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art, often moving
further toward abstraction.
Pop Art
Pop art is to the point and an extrovert form of art. It is a way to embark upon personal artistic
expressions that owes little to prevailing modes. Pop artists draw on a wide range of subject
matter from films and advertising to comic strips and household goods, and work in numerous
media, especially painting, sculpture, collage and photography. In the following pages we will be
reviewing two distinct forms of pop art practiced in Pakistan. This distinct, dazzlingly colorful,
bizarre and unique genre of art is an intrinsic part of our culture that we ought to take pride in but
is indeed one of the most neglected one and painted by the unsung artists. So this whole section
is devoted to the pop art of Pakistan:
i. Pop Art on Wheels
The art on trucks, rickshaw and buses adds color and gaiety to our transport. Trucks and
rickshaws in Pakistan are the most unique form of transport the world has seen. They are such
delightfully decorated reflecting the wealth, taste and status of the owner of the vehicle. Some
people even consider them to be moving art galleries depicting all themes of life through its
adorned artwork. Motifs of these decorations range from flowers in vases, bouquets to the pretty
little landscapes. The lettering whether in English or Urdu is always ornate. Every part of the
truck, rickshaw and buses is decorated, flaps, the under carriage and the hub.
ii. Cinema Billboard Art
The art of painting film billboard emerged in 90s when the two phenomena's of the visual arts
and cinema combined together to bring out a new form of art called 'Cinema Billboard Art'.
Cinema billboards form an integral part of the cityscape in the sub-continent and no cinema
building is complete without them. However, cinema billboard painting has taken a back seat
with the coming of new generation of digital billboards and the painters are fighting a losing
battle of survival these days.
iii. Sculpture
Sculpture is Sclupture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping a material (stone, rock,
marble, metal, wood, ivory or bone, plastic, clay e.t.c) in some form. Sculptures involves the use
materials that can be moulded or modulated hence it is considered one of the plastic arts. There
are various forms of sculptures like: relief, statue, free standing sculpture, bas relief, fountain
e.t.c.
Performing Arts
Performing arts is a type of happening, in which the audience is invited to witness or participate
in an artistic event. Performing arts considers human body to be its medium, and seeks to explore
themes and emotions through live, unique performance. Performing arts may be divided in to
further categories typically practiced in Pakistan. Such as:
i. Drama & Theatre
The concept of theatre evolved in folk forms in the performance of bards and jesters which are
still popular in the rural areas of Pakistan. However, theatre properly originated at the beginning
of 19th century, growing out of song – dance extravaganzas staged by Wajid Ali Shah, the last
Muslim King of Oudh. That was the beginning of Urdu theatre. By the end of the century, this
semi-operatic drama, with its profusion of singing and dancing, its hyperbolic style of dialogue
and its rhetorical technique of acting, had become the major form of entertainment in the urban
centres throughout the sub-continent. The plots of these theatres derived initially from local
legend and fable, and then later, from European models of the theatre. The greatest exponent,
and the last, of this form of theatre was Agha Hashr Kashmiri. In mid-thirties, play houses were
converted ino cinemas, and the actors, playwrights, directors of the theatres abandoned the stage
for the film studio, giving the feature films the semi-operatic conventions and modes of the
theatre. Some remnants of the old commercial theatre have continued to survive in small towns
on festive occasions by itinert groups of players in impromptu canvas tents. The arrival of
commercial theatre in Lahore was in the early 1980s. During the hey-day of the commercial
theatre, the need for writing serious and realistic drama was felt by the new urban middle class
people. A large number of plays were written in that time, Mirza Qalich Beg, Abdul Halim
Sharar, Maulana Zafar Ali Khan are amongst the few who wrote various playes but these plays
were not performed and remained written in literature.
ii. Puppetry
Puppetry is one of the most ancient forms of entertainment in the world. Besides providing
entertainment, this visual art form was also used for conveying meaningful messages. Over the
years, puppetry has developed into a powerful medium of communication as it offers a real
challenge to the imagination of viewers and creative ability of the presenters. This art is probably
the least restricted in its form, design, colour and movement and at the same time least expensive
of all animated visual art forms, In its traditional form, a Puppet is a handmade doll of cloth that
represents various objects like people, animals or forms. They are made to look like those objects
being represented. This type of toy is movable in all respects. For instance as for the puppet of a
man, the hands, legs, often eyes and head are movable. These movements are made using
threads, sticks or by wearing the puppet directly on the hand. The people who conduct these
movable objects are called puppeteers. Puppeteers generally make the puppets move like a real
character. One or more Puppeteers synchronize and make them perform on a song or story. This
is called Puppetry. Its just like a theatre play where various puppet characters play different roles
and the voices are given by artists or the puppeteers.
K2
The name K2 is derived from the notation used by the Great Trigonometric Survey.Thomas Montgomerie made
the first survey of the Karakoram from Mount Haramukh, some 210 km (130 miles) to the south, and sketched
the two most prominent peaks, labeling them K1 and K2.
The policy of the Great Trigonometric Survey was to use local names for mountains wherever possible [7] and
K1 was found to be known locally as Masherbrum. K2, however, appeared not to have acquired a local name,
possibly due to its remoteness. The mountain is not visible from Askole, the last village to the south, or from the
nearest habitation to the north, and is only fleetingly glimpsed from the end of the Baltoro Glacier, beyond
which few local people would have ventured.] The name Chogori, derived from two Balti words, chhogo ("big")
and ri ("mountain") (‫ )یروگہاش‬has been suggested as a local name, but evidence for its widespread use is
scant. It may have been a compound name invented by Western explorers or simply a bemused reply to the
question "What's that called?"[8] It does, however, form the basis for the name Qogir (simplified
Chinese: 乔戈里峰; traditional Chinese: 喬戈里峰; pinyin: Qiáogēlǐ Fēng) by which Chinese authorities officially
refer to the peak. Other local names have been suggested including Lamba Pahar ("Tall Mountain" in Urdu)
and Dapsang, but are not widely used.
Lacking a local name, the name Mount Godwin-Austen was suggested, in honor of Henry Godwin-Austen, an
early explorer of the area, and while the name was rejected by the Royal Geographical Society[8] it was used on
several maps, and continues to be used occasionally.
The surveyor's mark, K2, therefore continues to be the name by which the mountain is commonly known. It is
now also used in the Balti language, rendered as Kechu or Ket (Urdu: ‫)کے ٹو‬. The Italian climber Fosco
Maraini argued in his account of the ascent of Gasherbrum IV that while the name of K2 owes its origin to
chance, its clipped, impersonal nature is highly appropriate for so remote and challenging a mountain. He
concluded that it was
... just the bare bones of a name, all rock and ice and storm and abyss. It makes no attempt to sound human. It
is atoms and stars. It has the nakedness of the world before the first man – or of the cindered planet after the
last.
Geographical setting
K2 lies in the northwestern Karakoram Range. It is located in the Baltistan region ofGilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan
and the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County of Xinjiang, China. The Tarim sedimentary basin borders the
range on the north and the Lesser Himalayas on the south. Melt waters from vast glaciers, such as those south
and east of K2, feed agriculture in the valleys and contribute significantly to the regional fresh-water supply.
K2 is only ranked 22nd by topographic prominence, a measure of a mountain's independent stature, because it
is part of the same extended area of uplift (including the Karakoram, the Tibetan Plateau, and the Himalaya)
as Mount Everest, in that it is possible to follow a path from K2 to Everest that goes no lower than 4,594 metres
(15,072 ft), at Mustang Lo. Many other peaks which are far lower than K2 are more independent in this sense.
K2 is notable for its local relief as well as its total height. It stands over 3,000 metres (9,840 ft) above much of
the glacial valley bottoms at its base. It is a consistently steep pyramid, dropping quickly in almost all directions.
The north side is the steepest: there it rises over 3,200 metres (10,500 ft) above the K2 (Qogir) Glacier in only
3,000 metres (9,800 ft) of horizontal distance. In most directions, it achieves over 2,800 metres (9,200 ft) of
vertical relief in less than 4,000 metres (13,000 ft).
A 1986 expedition led by George Wallenstein made an inaccurate measurement incorrectly showing that K2
was taller than Mount Everest, and therefore the tallest mountain in the world. A corrected measurement was
made in 1987, but by that point the meme that K2 was the tallest mountain in the world had already made it into
many news reports and reference works.
Agriculture in Pakistan
Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water. About 25% of Pakistan's accounts for about
21% [1] of GDP and employs about 43% of the labor force. In Pakistan, the most agricultural province is Punjab
where wheat and cotton are the most grown. Some people also have mango orchards but due to some
problems like weather, they're not found in a big range. Barley and wheat cultivation—along with the
domestication of cattle, primarily sheep and goat—was visible in Mehrgarh by 8000–6000 BCE. They cultivated
six-row barley,einkorn and emmer wheat, jujubes and dates, and herded sheep, goats and cattle. Residents of
the later period (5500 BC to 2600 BC) put much effort into crafts, includingflint knapping, tanning, bead
production, and metal working. The site was occupied continuously until about 2600 BC.
Irrigation was developed in the Indus Valley Civilization (see also Mohenjo-daro) by around 4500 BCE. The
size and prosperity of the Indus civilization grew as a result of this innovation, which eventually led to more
planned settlements making use ofdrainage and sewers. Sophisticated irrigation and water storage systems
were developed by the Indus Valley Civilization, including artificial reservoirs at Girnar dated to 3000 BCE, and
an early canal irrigation system from circa 2600 BCE.
Archeological evidence of an animal-drawn plough dates back to 2500 BC in the Indus Valley Civilization.
All agricultural affairs and activities in Pakistan are overseen and regulated by theMinistry of Agriculture.
Rankings
Pakistan is one of the world's largest producers and suppliers of the following according to the different sources
i.e. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations andFAOSTAT given here with ranking:

Chickpea (3rd)

Apricot (6th)

Cotton (4th)

Milk (5th)

Date Palm (5th)

Sugarcane (5th)

Onion (7th)

Kinnow, mandarin oranges, clementine (6th)

Mango (4th)

Wheat (7th)

Rice (14th)
Pakistan ranks eighth worldwide in farm output, according to the List of countries by GDP sector composition.
Crops
See also: Rice production in Pakistan
Wheat Fields in Punjab, Pakistan
The most important crops are wheat, sugarcane, cotton, and rice, which together account for more than 75% of
the value of total crop output.
Pakistan's largest food crop is wheat. In 2005, Pakistan produced 21,591,400 metric tons of wheat, more than
all of Africa (20,304,585 metric tons) and nearly as much as all of South America (24,557,784 metric tons),
according to the FAO. The country is expected to harvest 25 to 23 million tons of wheat in 2012.
Pakistan has also cut the use of dangerous pesticides dramatically.
Pakistan is a net food exporter, except in occasional years when its harvest is adversely affected by droughts.
Pakistan exports rice, cotton, fish, fruits (especially Oranges and Mangoes), and vegetables and imports
vegetable oil, wheat, pulses and consumer foods. The country is Asia's largest camel market, secondlargest apricot and ghee market and third-largest cotton, onion and milk market.
The economic importance of agriculture has declined since independence, when its share of GDP was around
53%. Following the poor harvest of 1993, the government introduced agriculture assistance policies, including
increased support prices for many agricultural commodities and expanded availability of agricultural credit.
From 1993 to 1997, real growth in the agricultural sector averaged 5.7% but has since declined to about 4%.
Agricultural reforms, including increased wheat and oilseed production, play a central role in the government's
economic reform package.
Outdated irrigation practices have led to inefficient water usage in Pakistan. 25 percent of the water withdrawn
for use in the agricultural sector is lost through leakages and line losses in the canals. Only a limited amount of
the remaining water is actually absorbed and used by the crops due to poor soil texture and unlevelled fields.
Much of the Pakistan's agriculture output is utilized by the country's growing processed-food industry. The
value of processed retail food sales has grown 12 percent annually during the Nineties and was estimated at
over $1 billion in 2000, although supermarkets accounted for just over 10% of the outlets.
The Federal Bureau of Statistics provisionally valued major crop yields at Rs.504,868 million in 2005 thus
registering over 55% growth since 2000 while minor crop yields were valued at Rs.184,707 million in 2005 thus
registering over 41% growth since 2000. The exports related to the agriculture sector in 2009–10 are Rs 288.18
billion including food grains, vegetables, fruits, tobacco, fisheries products, spices and livestock.
Livestock
Main article: Animal husbandry in Pakistan
According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan. the livestock sector contributes about half of the value added in
the agriculture sector, amounting to nearly 11 per cent of Pakistan's GDP, which is more than the crop sector.
The leading daily newspaper Jang reports that the national herd consists of 24.2 million cattle, 26.3 million
buffaloes, 24.9 million sheep, 56.7 million goats and 0.8 million camels. In addition to these there is a vibrant
poultry sector in the country with more than 530 million birds produced annually. These animals produce
29.472 million tons of milk (making Pakistan the 4th largest producer of milk in the world), 1.115 million tons of
beef, 0.740 million tons of mutton, 0.416 million tons of poultry meat, 8.528 billion eggs, 40.2 thousand tons of
wool, 21.5 thousand tons of hair and 51.2 million skins and hides.
The Food and Agriculture Organization reported in June 2006 that in Pakistan, government initiatives are being
undertaken to modernize milk collection and to improve milk and milk product storage capacity.
The Federal Bureau of Statistics provisionally valued this sector at Rs.758,470 million in 2005 thus registering
over 70% growth since 2000.
Fishery
Main article: Fishing in Pakistan
Fishery and fishing industry plays an important role in the national economy of Pakistan. With a coastline of
about 1046 km, Pakistan has enough fishery resources that remain to be fully developed. It is also a major
source of export earning. Aquaculture is also a rapidly developing industry in Pakistan. Especially the Punjab
Province has demonstrated rapid growth in fish farming. GIFT Tilapia culture has also been introduced quite
recently in Pakistan especially Punjab province.
Forestry
Main article: Forestry in Pakistan
About only 4% of land in Pakistan is covered with forest. The forest of Pakistan are a main source of
food, lumber, paper,fuelwood, latex, medicine as well as used for purposes of wildlife conservation
and ecotourism.