Name: ______________________________
Date: _________________________________
Flynt - _____ Period
_____th Grade Science
Topic: Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat
Essential Questions:
1. What is the difference between temperature, thermal energy, and heat?
2. How does heat flow between objects?
SC.8.P.8.1 Explore the [kinetic molecular theory]scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by using
models to explain the motion of particles in solids, liquids, and gases. Moderate
SC.912.P.10.5 Relate temperature to the average molecular kinetic energy. Moderate
SC.7.P.11.4 Observe and describe that heat flows in predictable ways, moving from warmer objects to cooler ones until
they reach the same temperature. Moderate
PRE
POST
Use your learning scale to rate each topic/target before and after the associated lesson/activity. 
Know that matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving and that all particles have energy.
Explain the relationship between molecular motion and temperature.
Differentiate between temperature, thermal energy, and heat. Know that, while people often use these terms as
synonyms in everyday language, these terms have distinct meanings for scientists.
Explain how an object or substance with a lower temperature can actually have more thermal energy than an
object with a much higher temperature.
Know that heat flows from objects with a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature, and NOT
the other way around.
Explain why a cold object cannot give another object “coldness.”
Explain how the kinetic energy of particles affects the spaces between particles.
List any lessons, activities, labs, Gizmos, Portfolio entries, vocab/study resources, textbook chapters/lessons, etc. that
relate to these topics/targets:
Topic: Kinetic Molecular Theory, Phase Changes, and the Characteristics of Different
Phases/States of Matter
Essential Questions:
1. What is the kinetic molecular theory?
2. How does the kinetic molecular theory explain the properties of the various phases of matter?
3. Why doesn’t temperature change when a substance is undergoing a change in phase?
SC.912.P.8.1 Differentiate among the four states of matter. Moderate
SC.7.P.11.1 Recognize that adding heat to or removing heat from a system may result in a temperature change and
possibly a change of state. Low
SC.8.P.8.1 Explore the [kinetic molecular theory]scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by using
models to explain the motion of particles in solids, liquids, and gases. Moderate
SC.6.P.11.1 Explore the Law of Conservation of Energy by differentiating between potential and kinetic energy. Identify
situations where kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy and vice versa. Moderate
SC.7.P.11.3 Cite evidence to explain that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
High
SC.8.P.8.4 Classify and compare substances on the basis of characteristic physical properties that can be demonstrated or
measured; for example, density, thermal or electrical conductivity, solubility, magnetic properties, melting and
boiling points, and know that these properties are independent of the amount of the sample. Moderate
PRE
POST
Use your learning scale to rate each topic/target before and after the associated lesson/activity. 
Know that matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving and that all particles have energy.
Explain the relationship between molecular motion and temperature.
Know that particles in a solid have the least amount of kinetic energy, and particles in a gas have the greatest
amount of kinetic energy.
Explain how the kinetic energy of particles affects the spaces between particles.
Describe, compare, and kinesthetically model the molecular properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
Recognize that not all solidliquid phase changes involve an increase in the spacing between particles
(decrease in density); know that an increase in particle spacing does not define the difference between
solids and liquids.
Cite specific examples of pure substances for which the liquid phase is denser than the solid phase.
Recognize that the kinetic molecular theory of matter helps us to explain why matter exists in different phases
as well as what happens at the particle level as matter changes from one phase to the next.
Create and explain a graph of temperature change during phase changes.
Determine the boiling, condensation, freezing, and melting points of a pure substance using a graph of the
change in temperature of a substance over time.
Use a graph to explain that when the energy of the particles making up a substance changes, either the
temperature must change or the phase, but not both at the same time.
Use a graph and the kinetic molecular theory to illustrate that both kinetic and potential energy varies,
depending on whether a substance is a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.
Differentiate between intramolecular and intermolecular forces and explain how these forces contribute to the
potential energy of phases/states of matter.
Recognize that, due to intra-/inter-molecular forces, particles in a solid have the least amount of potential
energy, and particles in a plasma have the greatest amount of potential energy.
Explain why temperature doesn’t change during a phase change, even if heat is being added to the system.
Recognize that a phase changes involves a change in potential energy, not a change in KE.
Relate the kinetic molecular theory to other intensive physical properties of matter, such as density, optical
properties, and electrical and thermal conductivity.
List any lessons, activities, labs, Gizmos, Portfolio entries, vocab/study resources, textbook chapters/lessons, etc. that
relate to these topics/targets: