Separating soluble substances
1. Three substances that are soluble in water are salt, acids and
bases.
2. Fractional distillation is a process that involves separating
substances by taking advantage of their different boiling
points.
3. Three substances that are insoluble in water are sand,
magnesium and jelly crystals.
4. Saltpans are giant containers containing salt and water. When
the water evaporates you are left with the residue (salt).
5. The main difference between distillation and evaporation is
that with evaporation the evaporated solvent escapes to the
atmosphere, whereas with distillation the evaporated solvent
is captured, cooled and then stored in a container.
6. Chromatography separates inks, food dyes and other colour
mixtures using filter paper.
7. In chromatography, the colours move at different rates through
filter paper that has been dipped in a solvent like water. This
separates the colours.
8. Three examples of distillation are: oil refining, desalinizing salt
water, and distilled spirits (alcohol).
9. Three different fractions in figure 3.3.5 are petrol, heating oil
and diesel fuel.
10.
A kitchen sponge absorbs water, and charcoal filters
absorb gas.
11.
a. Evaporation (water evaporates leaving salt in bowl). b.
Filtration (use filter to capture dirt particles). c.
Chromatography (different inks will travel through filter paper
at different rates). d. Absorption (charcoal filter cleans air).
12.
Separation method Brief description
Example
Evaporating and
The pure crystals of Salt from sea water
Crystallization
the solute are left
behind called the
solvent. The
mixture is boiled so
that the solvent
evaporates. This
will leave behind
the solute.
Distillation
Distillation uses
Using a sheet of
evaporation as well plastic to trap
Absorption
Chromatography
but it traps the
particles instead of
letting them escape.
The evaporated
solvent is cooled
and condensed
back into a liquid,
which is not
collected.
Absorption occurs
when another takes
in a material.
water evaporating
from the ground or
plants.
Silica gel separates
water from
materials by
absorbing the
moisture.
Paper
chromatography
can be used to
separate the
colours in the ink.
Chromatography is
a technique that
can be used to
separate colours in
inks, food dyes and
other mixtures of
colours
13.
If you did eat a silica gel packet it would cause severe
dehydration because it can absorb nearly half your weight in
water.
14.
1. Boil the seawater in a flask. 2. Attach a condenser to a
tube, which is attached to the flask. 3. Wait for condensation to
occur and you will have drinking water.