Mr. B: Health 2
Chapter 19 Lesson 1 Notes
Today’s Objectives:
 Differentiate between medicines and drugs.
 Identify 2 methods used to prevent diseases.
 Compare AND Contrast antibiotics and antivirals.
 List several ways to take medications.
 Identify 2 problems that may occur when a person takes medications for too long.
Lesson 1: The Role of Medicines
Big Idea: Medicines are divided into ____________________ and have different effects on different people.
Types of Medicines
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Main Idea: Medicines are classified based on how they ______________ in your _________________.
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All medicines are ________________, but not all drugs are _________________.
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People use medicines to help ___________________ their health when they are _____________.
Medicines Def: Drugs that are used to ____________ or prevent _________________or other conditions.
Drugs are effective in treating illness when taken as directed by a ______________________ or according to the label
instructions.
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Drugs Def: Substances other than ____________ that change the structure or function of the body or mind
Four Categories of Medicines that Treat or Prevent Illness
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Medicines that help __________________ disease
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Medicines that fight _________________
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Medicines that relieve _______________ and other symptoms
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Medicines that manage _________________ conditions, help maintain or restore health, and
__________________ body’s systems
Preventing Diesease
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Today, we have medicines that prevent disease. About ________ percent of children receive ___________________.
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Vaccines Def: A preparation that prevents a person from _______________________ a specific disease
Vaccines
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Vaccines contain ______________ or _____________ pathogens that ______________ the disease.
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When injected into your body, the vaccine produces ___________________ that fight those pathogens.
Antitoxins
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Antitoxins prevent disease and ____________________ the effects of toxins.
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Antitoxins fight the __________________ that produce substances toxic to the body.
Fighting Pathogens
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Medicines can also help your body fight the pathogens that cause illness.
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Antibiotics
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Antibiotics are a class of drug that ______________ disease-causing microorganisms, called
_________________________.
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Antibiotics work either by killing harmful bacteria in the body or by preventing bacteria from
____________________________.
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The bacteria that antibiotics kill have adapted to the drug over time.
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Bacteria can develop a __________________ to antibiotics when antibiotics are ________________.
Mr. B: Health 2
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Chapter 19 Lesson 1 Notes
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If you do not ________________ taking all of a prescription, you may not _________ all of the bacteria.
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The remaining bacteria may develop a resistance, or _______________________, to treatment.
Antivirals and Antifungals
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Antiviral drugs are used to treat some viral illnesses, such as the ________________. They
____________________ the virus, but do not kill it.
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Like bacteria, viruses can develop a resistance to medications.
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________________ are another type of pathogen that can infect the body.
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Antifungals can suppress or kill fungus cells, such as _________________ foot and ___________________.
Relieving Pain
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The most commonly used medicines are __________________, or pain relievers.
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___________________ is used to relieve _______________ and reduce ______________. Other analgesics fight
_____________________, or redness, swelling, and pain.
o
Children who take aspirin when they have a fever risk developing Reye’s syndrome, a potentially life-threatening
illness of the brain and liver.
o
For that reason, aspirin should not be given to anyone under the age of ___________ unless directed by a health
care professional.
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Pain Reliever Dependence
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Certain types of medicines that relieve pain can be ___________________.
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These medicines, usually called _____________________, require a doctor’s _____________________.
Managing Chronic Conditions
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Some medicines are used to treat chronic conditions.
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These medicines maintain or restore health, and offer people with chronic diseases a higher level of
_________________________.
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_____________________ Medicines
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____________________ reduce allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itchy or watery eyes, and a runny nose.
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They ________________ the chemicals released by the immune system that cause an allergic response.
Body-Regulating Medicines
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______________ Medicines - Regulate the amount of ___________ in the _______________.
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Asthma Medicines - Control symptoms and prevent attacks.
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__________________ Medicines - Regulate functions of the cardiovascular system.
Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medicines
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Medications can also help people suffering from ________________ illnesses.
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These medicines can help regulate brain ________________, or stabilize _____________________.
Cancer Treatment
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Some medicines are used to treat cancer.
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These medicines can reduce ___________ cell ____________________ and help stop the
____________________ of cancer cells.
Taking Medications
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Main Idea: Medicines enter the body in a variety of ways.
Mr. B: Health 2
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Chapter 19 Lesson 1 Notes
Factors that determine how a medicine is taken include what the medicine is used for, and how it will most
quickly and effectively help a person.
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Oral Medicines – taken by _______________
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_________________ medicines – applied to the ___________________
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_________________ medicines – delivered in a fine ______________ or powder
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_________________ Medicines – Delivered through a _________________
Medications help many people with conditions such as asthma and diabetes live active, normal lives.
Reactions to Medications
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Some side effects may be mild, such as __________________, but others may be more severe, and can even cause
__________________.
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Side Effects: Reactions to medicine other than the one ____________________.
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Medicine labels include important information about possible side effects and interactions.
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Medicine Interactions
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Types of Medicine Interactions:
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___________________ Interaction, __________________________ Effect, Antagonistic Interaction
One example of an additive interaction is when an anti-inflammatory and a muscle relaxant are prescribed to treat
joint pain.
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Additive Interaction: When medicines work together in a __________________ way.
When one medicine ________________ the ____________________ of another it is a synergistic effect.
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Synergistic Effect: The interaction of two or more medicines that results in a __________________ effect
than when each medicine is taken _________________.
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When one medicine __________________ the _______________________ of another it is an antagonistic
interaction.
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Antagonistic Interaction: The effect of one medicine is __________________ or reduced when taken
with another medicine.
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Tolerance and Withdrawal
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__________________ is a condition in which the ______________ becomes used to the _________________ of a
medicine.
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Withdrawal occurs when a person _____________ using a medicine on which he or she has become
_______________________ dependent.