COURSE: M Sc (NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT)
SEMESTER : IV
SUBJECT CODE: MSNI 43B
SUBJECT: OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATION
Block I
Unit-1
Introduction, Optical Transmission System Concepts Optical Networking , Optical
Interconnects , Optical Computers
Unit-2
Optical Fibre , The Nature of Light, Light as an Electromagnetic Wave, Polarization
Interference , Transmitting Light on a Fibre, Characteristics of Glasses, Transmission
Capacity, Operational Principles, Fibre Refractive Index Profiles, Light Propagation in
Multimode Fibre, Snell's Law, Critical Angle, Numerical Aperture (NA), Propagation Modes
Mode Coupling, Modal Noise, Naming Modes, Single-Mode Propagation, Single-Mode
Characteristics, Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibre, Mode Partition Noise, Reflections and
Return Loss Variation, Non-Linear High-Power Effects, Plastic Optical Fibre (POF), POF
Research, Hard Polymer (plastic) Clad (silica) Fibre (HPCF)
Unit 3
Optical Sources, Light Production, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), The Semiconductor
Junction Diode, Construction and Operation of LEDs, Hetero junctions (Practical LEDs)
Characteristics of LEDs, Lasers, Principle of the LASER, Semiconductor Laser Diodes,
Fabry-Perot Lasers, Distributed Feedback (DFB) Lasers, Integrated Absorption Modulators
Q-Switching, Mode-Locking and Self-Pulsating Lasers, Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR)
Lasers, Quantum Wells, Tunable DBR Lasers, External Cavity DBR Lasers, External FibreCavity DBR Lasers, Multi-Wavelength Lasers, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers
(VCSELs), In-Fibre Lasers, Fibre Ring Lasers, Up conversion Fibre Lasers (Double
Pumping), Gas Lasers, Free Electron Lasers (FELs)
Unit-4
Optical Detectors, Photoconductors, Photodiodes, P-N Diodes, P-I-N Diodes, SchottkyBarrier Photodiodes, Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs), Hetero-Interface Photo detectors,
Travelling-Wave Photo detectors, Resonant-Cavity Photo detectors, Phototransistors
Block II
Unit-5
Optical Devices, Optical Component Technologies, Planar Optical Devices, Fabrication of
Planar Optical Devices, Integrated Optical Circuits (Planar Assemblies), Optical Amplifiers
Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFAs), Praseodymium (Pr) Doped Fibre Amplifiers,
Neodymium (Nd) Doped Fibre Amplifiers, Plastic Fibre Amplifiers, Erbium Doped Planar
Devices, Semiconductor Optical/Laser Amplifiers (SOAs/SLAs), Raman Effect Amplifiers
Understanding Optical Communications 5.3 Second Harmonic Generation (SHG), Splitters
and Couplers, Resonant Coupling, “Y” Couplers, Star Couplers, Beam splitter Prisms,
Isolators, Circulators, Polarization Control, Fibre Loop Polarization Controller, Fibre
Squeezer Polarization Controller, Lenses and Prisms, Graded Index (GRIN) Lenses
Diffraction Gratings,Planar Diffraction Gratings, In-Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBGs),
Waveguide Grating Routers (WGRs), Filters, Fabry-Perot Filter (Etalon), In-Fibre Bragg
Grating
Filters,
Fibre
Ring
Resonators,Dielectric
Filters
for
WDM
Multiplexing/Demultiplexing, Modulators and Switches, Switches, Optical Switching
Elements, Optically Controlled Switches, Electro-Absorption Modulators, Acoustic
Modulators, Acousto-optic Tunable Filters (AOTFs), Phase Modulators, Modulation Using a
Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, Pockels Cell Modulators, Faraday Effect Modulators,
Repeaters
Unit-6
Fibre Manufacture, Cables and Connectors, The Technology of Fibre Manufacture, Purifying
Silica, Drawing the Fibre, The Double-Crucible Method, Vapour Deposition Techniques,
Joining Fibres, Fusion Splicing, Mechanical Splicing, Mechanical Splicing with Alignment
and Bonding, Losses in Fibre Joins, Connectors, Fibre Cables
Unit-7
Optical Communication Systems, Point-to-Point Transmission Systems, Traditional SingleChannel Systems, Amplified Single-Channel Systems, WDM Systems Overview,
Modulation (Making the Light Carry a Signal), On-Off Keying (OOK), Multi-State Coding
Forward Error Correction (FEC), Receiving the Signal, Timing Recovery, Bandwidth
Occupancy, Analogue Amplitude Modulation (Continuous Wave), Frequency Shift Keying
(FSK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK), Polarity Modulation (PolSK), Directional Transmission
Character Coding, Transmission System Limits and Characteristics, Optical System
Engineering, System Power Budgeting, Laser Selection, Is There a Speed Limit?, Reflections
Noise , Bit Error Rates (BER), Control of Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibre Links, Control of
Spectral Width, Dispersion Shifted Fibre, Dispersion Compensating Fibre, Balancing
Dispersion on a Link, Mid-Span Spectral Inversion, Chirped Fibre Bragg Gratings, Control
of Dispersion in Multimode Fibre, Maximum Propagation Distance on Multimode Fibre ,
Light Sources for Multimode Systems, Fibre Optics in Different Environments, Test
Equipment and Techniques, Optical Power Meters (Optical Multimeter), Optical TimeDomain Reflectometers (OTDRs), Spectrum Analysers, Eye Diagrams
Unit-8
Optical Link Connections in Electronic Networks, Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI),
Structure, Access Protocol Operation, Ring Initialization, Monitoring and Error Handling,
Physical Media, Physical Layer Protocol, Node Structure, High-Speed Performance, Ethernet
(IEEE 802.3), Principles of Ethernet, Understanding Optical Communications, Ethernet on
CSMA/CD Performance, High Speed or “Fast” (100 Mbps) Ethernet (HSE), Gigabit Ethernet
(GbE), Fibre Channel, Structure, Physical Media, Transmission Protocol, Signaling Protocol
Open Fibre Control (OFC) Safety System, ESCON and Inter-System Coupling (ISC), InterSystem Coupling (ISC) Feature, OptiConnect, OptiConnect Optical Specifications,
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and SDH, Sonet Protocol Structure , Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy (SDH), Tributaries , Sonet/SDH Line Speeds and Signals, Sonet Rings,
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), High-Speed
Technology, ATM Concepts, The Structure of an ATM Network, Physical Link Types,
Network Characteristics, Transporting Information in an ATM Network
Block III
Unit-9
Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Simple (Sparse) WDM, Dense WDM Links, Using
Dense and Sparse WDM Together - An Example, Building Photonic Networks – Technical,
Challenges, Components for WDM Systems, Light Sources for WDM, Multiplexing
(Combining) the Light, Transmission, De multiplexing the Light, Add-Drop Multiplexors,
Optical Space-Division Switches, Optical Switching Nodes, Wavelength Converters,
Standards for WDM, Systems Engineering in the WDM Environment, Fitting the Signal into
Its Allocated Waveband, Stabilizing Wavelengths, Controlling Non-linear Effects, Control of
Dispersion in WDM Systems, Amplifier Issues, Noise in WDM Systems
Unit-10
Light wave Networks, Objectives, Optical Network Technologies, Sharing the Fibre, Modes
of Data Transfer, Network Topologies for the MAN or WAN, WDM for LANs (and Small
MANs), Network Topology, Transmission System Design, Access Protocols for the Shared
Medium, Some Possible Systems Approaches, Centralised WDM Circuit Switch,
Multichannel CSMA/CD, Coordination on a Control Channel, Code Division Multiple
Access (CDMA), Experimental Systems, Metropolitan Area Add/Drop WDM with a
Multiwavelength Source 482, WDM Research Demonstrators Laser/Receiver Cards (LRC)
I/O Cards (IOC), Dual Fibre Switching Feature, System Engineering Considerations,
Network Management, Systems Potential, Architecture of a First-Generation WDM for the
WAN
Unit-11
Fibre In The (Local) Loop – FITL, System Requirements, The Existing Telephone Network,
Cable Television Networks, Hybrid Fibre-Coax (HFC) Networks, Fibre-to-theCurb/Street/Neighborhood (FTTC/FTTS/FTTN), Passive Optical Networks (PONs), Mobile
Telephone Base Station
Unit-12
Research Directions, Solitons, Dark Solitons, Light Guiding Light (Spatial Solitons) ,
Advanced Fibres, Plastic Technology, Plastic Planar Waveguide Devices, Plastic
Semiconductor Lasers , Optical Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Direct Sequence
Spread Spectrum (DSSS), Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM), TDM Concept,
TDM Network Principles, Optical TDM Principles, De multiplexing the TDM Signal,
Optical Packet Switched Networks, Optical Interconnects, Coherent Detection