Hurricanes
Typhoons
Cyclones
Typhoon Haiyan November 2013
Miss V Fuery November 2013
Where do Hurricanes happen?
Using the map above describe the location of Hurricanes world wide
Miss V Fuery November 2013
Annotate the picture to show
the eye of the Hurricane and
the direction of the winds
How do Hurricanes form?
Miss V Fuery November 2013
The birth of a hurricane requires at least three conditions.
First, the ocean waters must be warm enough at the surface to put enough heat
and moisture into the overlying atmosphere to provide the potential fuel for
the thermodynamic engine that a hurricane becomes.
Second, atmospheric moisture from sea water evaporation must combine with
that heat and energy to form the powerful engine needed to propel a hurricane.
Third, a wind pattern must be near the ocean surface to spiral air inward.
Bands of thunderstorms form, allowing the air to warm further and rise higher
into the atmosphere. If the winds at these higher levels are relatively light,
this structure can remain intact and grow stronger: the beginnings of a
hurricane!
Often, the feature that triggers the development of a hurricane is some preexisting weather disturbance in the tropical circulation. For example, some of
the largest and most destructive Atlantic hurricanes originate from weather
disturbances that form as
squall (small storms) over
Western Africa and
subsequently move
westward off the coast
and over warm water,
where they gradually
intensify into hurricanes.
Miss V Fuery November 2013
Task - In your exam jotter answer these questions try to answer these as
separate questions.
 Describe the conditions needed to form a Hurricane
 Explain how these conditions lead to a Hurricane
Case Study - Typhoon Haiyan - The Philippines
What kind of country is the Philippines?
Where is it? – Use the atlas to describe the location of the Philippines –
make sure you use several points of reference
How developed are the Philippines? – Using the figures below to compare
the three countries
Philippines
Gross national income per capita (PPP international $)
4,140
Life expectancy at birth m/f (years)
66/73
Probability of dying under five (per 1 000 live births)
30
Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per 1 000
population)
256/137
Total expenditure on health as % of GDP (2011)
4.1
United Kingdom
Miss V Fuery November 2013
Gross national income per capita (PPP international $)
36,010
Life expectancy at birth m/f (years)
79/82
Probability of dying under five (per 1 000 live births)
5
Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per 1 000
population)
91/57
Total expenditure on health as % of GDP (2011)
9.3
Democratic Republic of Congo
Gross national income per capita (PPP international $)
340
Life expectancy at birth m/f (years)
48/51
Probability of dying under five (per 1 000 live births)
146
Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per 1 000
population)
411/358
Total expenditure on health as % of GDP (2011)
8.5
Task – Use this box to write your comparison. Remember to state how
developed you think the Philippines are
Miss V Fuery November 2013
Typhoon Haiyan
The category five storm which has also been called
Yolanda in the Philippines is reported to have had
speeds at landfall of
195mph and gusts of up to
235mph. This makes it the
biggest storm to make
landfall since records
began.
The storm tracked
eastwards across the
Philippines, effecting a
population of around 10
million.
Initial reports on the 8th November as the storm passed over stated 3 deaths
but this was obviously only an initial figure. By the end of the 9th November the
casualty estimation was approaching several thousand and estimates in the 10th
November were looking at 10000 casualties in one city, with rural and remote
areas still cut off and no reliable figures available.
Task – write a summary statement introducing the Typhoon
Miss V Fuery November 2013
How did the Philippines prepare for the Typhoon?
The government issued
a three day warning ..
ordered evacuations to
secure buildings.
Residents living near the slopes of Mayon volcano are evacuated to public schools by police
Volunteers pack relief goods inside a government warehouse in Manila before shipping out to devastated provinces hit by typhoon
Haiyan
Summarise in your jotters the preparations that they the Philippines made
for the arrival of the Typhon
Miss V Fuery November 2013
Initially – look at the photos below taken from the Guardian and the BBC on
the 10th November – Annotate them to show the initial problems that local
people face.
Miss V Fuery November 2013
Miss V Fuery November 2013
.
"The huge waves came again and again, flushing us out on the street and
washing away our homes," Mirasol Saoyi, 27, told AFP near Tacloban's seaside
sports stadium, where thousands of people had gathered after it withstood the
typhoon.
"My husband tied us together, but still we got separated among the debris. I
saw many people drowning, screaming and going under... I haven't found my
husband."
“The
winds were so strong that Tacloban residents who sought shelter at a local
school tied down the roof of the building, but it was still ripped off and the
school collapsed, Lim said. It wasn't clear how many died there.”
Read the Testimonies above - What does this tell you about the cause of
many of the deaths?
Guardian Summary 10th November 2013 5.50pm
Summary
It's well past midnight in the Philippines and time for a summary of what we
know so far of the aftermath of typon Haiyan
• International relief efforts are beginning after Haiyan caused devastation in
parts of the Philippines, with initial – and very rough – estimates predicting that
10,000 people could have died.
• The area known to have been especially badly affected was the coastal city
of Tacloban, which is littered with bodies and where the majority of buildings
have been destroyed. However, initial reports are emerging of devastation
elsewhere on Leyte island, on the northern tip of Cebu, and on Samar.
• Survivors have talked of people being swept away by a huge storm surge.
Many thousands are now homeless, with no access to shelter, food or clean
water. Some people have taken to ransacking shops and homes in despertation,
and the government has considered imposing martial law.
Miss V Fuery November 2013
• Aid has begun to arrive, although agencies say the operation has been
greatly hampered by blocked roads and ports and airports being out of action.
US Marines have been flown from Japan to help with logistics, while David
Cameron has pledged £6m of Britih cash and the EU has promised €3m euros.
Using the Internet research the initial affects of the Typhoon – Use the
following headings and record in the information on the next two pages.
 Eye Witness Accounts
 Effects on Infrastructure and the economy
 Effects on People
Include as many facts and figures as you can, many of these will probably be
estimates.
Miss V Fuery November 2013
Miss V Fuery November 2013
The Aftermath
The number of people displaced from their homes is in the 100’s of thousands.
There is very little fresh water, food and large numbers of dead bodies which
are a potential disease hazard. People with injuries are finding it difficult to
access help and all communication links have been severely disrupted.
Task – read the text taken below taken from the Guardian regarding the
initial efforts to help and answer the questions that follow.
The first shipments of emergency assistance have begun arriving in storm-wrecked
regions of the Philippines, with aid agencies warning the extent of the devastation
wreaked by typhoon Haiyan have severely hampered the logistics of bringing vital
shelter, water and food to the millions affected.
As David Cameron announced £6m in initial British emergency aid, with the EU
promising €3m and the US flying in Marines, aid groups said immediate relief efforts
would have to be matched by longer-term planning to assist those who had lost
crops, fishing fleets and other infrastructure from the near-200mph winds and 6m
storm surge.
They also said that while aid groups had some warning of the typhoon’s approach,
efforts to get assistance in place in advance had been hampered by the sheer
ferocity of one of the strongest storms ever recorded. “In one town where we had
made preparations, even the evacuation centre had to be evacuated, as the storm
was so strong,” said Ian Bray from Oxfam.
Among the first aid to arrive was 80 US Marines from their base in Okinawa,
southern Japan, flown in to help the Philippines army with logistics. The EU later
pledged €3m in aid while Cameron promised £6m, also speaking to his Filipino
counterpart, Benigno Aquino, to express his condolences.
One significant challenge is that no one as yet knows the precise extent and location
of all the devastation. There has been understandable focus on Tacloban, the main
city on Leyte island, with some estimates saying up to 10,000 people could have
died here alone. However, there has been little word from other, more remote areas
in the path of the storm, both on Leyte and also Samar island, to the north-east, and
the northern tip of Cebu, to the west.
Bray said Oxfam already had a team elsewhere on Cebu, who had managed to
make their way, with great difficulty, to the north. There, the team estimated, 98% of
buildings had been damaged. They saw children holding signs, begging for good
and water.
Likening the extent of destruction to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, Bray said:
“Getting up there was really difficult, because the roads are strewn with debris and
Miss V Fuery November 2013
wreckage. Getting to places for immediate response is going to be a big challenge
for everyone, because of the level of destruction.”
There was more to think of beyond shelter, clean water and food, he added: “In the
immediate aftermath people need these emergency requirements, but in the
medium to long term people’s crops will be affected, and things like fishing
equipment. Though there’s obviously a massive immediate need there will also be
other needs as well, not just today but in the months to come.”
Pete Garratt, disasters emergency manager for the British Red Cross, said access
was extremely tricky: “Our team in Tacloban is saying that moving very far out of
Tacloban, or even around parts of it, is hard enough. There’s debris, flooding
damage and floodwater, and there are some concerns around the looting. People
are desperate for supplies. There are some security concerns.”
He said: “It all makes the logistical element of relief supplies very tricky. We had a
lot of stuff in Cebu, and more on its way to Cebu from Manila, and international
freight coming in to Manila and Cebu. But it’s onwards from Cebu to the most
affected areas that’s going to be the really tricky part of this.”
Miss V Fuery November 2013
 Draw a mind map and add as many ways as possible that governments
and charities are helping.
 What aid will the country require in the short term (the next few
weeks)
 What kind of aid will the country require in the over the long term
(the next few months even years)
 What difficulties are organisations such as the red cross facing in
delivering the aid?
 Many people are looting (taking goods from damaged shops – much of
it food and water and basic supplies). Do you think they should be
treated as criminals? – Give explanation for your point of view.
 Why is it important that the bodies are buried quickly?
Miss V Fuery November 2013
The future
The medium and long term effects on the Philippines will be immense complete
the table below to explain each of the problems
Loss of parents
Loss of home
Loss of crops
Destruction of Infrastructure
(roads/electricity/water/sewerage)
Loss of schools
Unable to earn a living – loss of
workplace/boat/shop etc…
Miss V Fuery November 2013