S/N NAME
1.
Ogunkunle
Maria
REG.NO
Moronkeji
TITILE OF THESIS
YEAR
Effects of Replacing Oct.,
Groundnut
Cake 1994
with
Cottonseed
Cake at Varying
Levels
on
the
Performance and
Organ Weights of
Rats
ABSTRACT
Twenty-five male and twenty-five female
weaning Wister strain rats were used to
study the effect of replacing 0, 25, 50, 75
and 100 of groundnut cake with cottonseed
cake (diets 1-5) on an equi-protein basis, on
performance, organ weights and nutrient
utilization. Average daily teed intakes varied
from 10.30 (gd) (diet 2) to 11.81 g/d (diet
4) and. were not affected by dietary
treatments. Average daily weight gain of the
rats on diet 5 (2.00 g/d) was significantly
lower (PL...O.01) than that on the other
diets (2.86, 2.77, 2.82 and 2.78 g/d for diets
1-4 respectively). The feed/gain ratio
increased with increases in dietary cottonseed
and that of diet 5 (5.72) was
significantly higher (PLO.01) than that of
the other diets (3.78, 3.72, 3.93 and 4.25 for
diets respectively). The weights of the
kidneys, hearts, spleens and brains (as
percentages of body weight) and the packed
oell volume were not significantly affected
by the diets. Liver Weights (as percentage of
body weight) increased significantly
(P<0.05) with increasing dietary cottonseed
cake levels in the females, while no
significant differences were observed in the
males. Dry matter and crude protein
digestibility values were not affected by the
increasing level of cottonseed. calce,
AREAS FOR
FURTHER
RESEARCH
2.
Umar Doma Dass
Utilization
Of Oct.,
Cowpea Shell And 1994
Maize Cobs As
Sources of Dietary
Fibre for Rabbits
whereas tor ether extract digestibility, rats
on tiet had significantly higher (P<.05)
values. The crude fiber digestibility
decreased with increasing level of CSC No.
mortality was observed among, the rats on
all or the dietary treatments. These results
indicate that up to 75% of the diet& r7
groundnut cake could be replaced with
cottonseed cake in a 22-24% diet without
reproduction in growth performance of rats.
Diets containing at The maize cobs (MC) at
20% and 40% levels with a crude protein
about 16% were fed to rabbits for five
weeks to investigate the effect of fibre type,
level and the type-level interaction on
nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility,
(digestible nutrient intake, body weight g a I
n,' feed, conversion ratio, gastro-intestinal
tract weight, caecal pH and the
concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA)
and ammonia-N (NH3-N) in the caecal
content. The result of the study indicated
that the dry matter intake (DMI), crude
protein intake (CPI), acid detergent fibre
intake (ADFI), dry matter digestibility
(DMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD),
digestible dry matter intake (DDMI),
digestible crude protein intake (DCPI),
volatile fatty acids (VFA-dry sample), and
weight of the large intestine were
significantly (P<0.005) affected level
significantly (P<0.05) affected the neutral
detergent fibre intake (NDFI), acid
3.
Fatsuma Olaleru
Effects of Source July,
and
Level
of 1995
Nitrogen on the
Utilization
of
Sorghum Stover by
Rams
detergent fibre digestible A), neutral
detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD),
digestible acid detergent fibre intake
(DADFI), digestible neutral detergent fibre
intake (DNDFI), caecal p H, stomach weight,
caecal weight, daily weight gain (DWG) and
the feed conversion ratio (FeR). However,
the caecal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N)
volatile fatty acids (VFA-fresh sample) and
weight of small intestine were not
significantly (P<0.005) affected by either
the main effects (type, level) or the typelevel Interaction, All the rabbits fed on the
four different diets gained weigh to It was
therefore more economical to include
cowpea shell at up to 40 level in the diet of
rabbits.
The effects of cotton seed cake (CSC) or urea
in concentrates that had either 12 or 16
crude protein levels on the utilization of
sorghum Stover by Yankasa rams was
studied for a period of twelve weeks.
Nutrients intakes, digestibility, weight gain
and feed conversion ratio (FCR) as affected
by source, level and interaction effects were
investigated. The feed samples, in the ratio
consumed by the animals were used to
determine in vitro volatile fatty acid (VFA)
and
ammonia-nitrogen
(NH3-N)
concentration. The experiment was a 2x2
factorial combination with two sources
(types), (CSC and urea), and two levels (12
and 16) of crude protein.
4.
Fomukong ,BIH
Effects of Source of Aug.,
Nitrogen
and 1997
Roughage Level on
the Performance of
Growing Yankasa
Rams
The result of the study indicated that the
main effects of type and/or level
significantly (P < 0.05) affected crude
protein intake (CPI), digestible crudeprotein intake (DC PI) and NH3-N in vitro
concentration. Total feed intakes, live
weight gain (LWG), feed conversion ratio
(FCR) and OCPI were significantly (P < 0.05)
affected by type level interaction. However,
acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral
detergent fibre (NDF) intakes, intakes, all
the nutrients digestibility (crude protein,
ADF and NDF), digestible ADF and NDF
intakes, Stover intake and in vitro VFA
concentration were not significantly (P <
0.05) affected by either main effects of type
and level or the type-level interaction. The
rams on the 16 CSC and 12 urea rations
gained more weight and has lower FCR than
those on the 12 CSC and 16 urea. The 16
CSC ration to be the best in terms of
supplementation to sorghum Stover and as
such more efficient. The 12 urea treatment
had a good result in terms of weight gain
and FCR; could also be recommended for
use.
Four diets containing two sources of
nitrogen (Cotton-seed cake (CSC) and Urea)
and two roughage levels (400/0 and
600/0)1 were fed to sixteen yankasa rams
for 90 days to study their effects on growth,
teed intake and utilization by the rams as
well as on in vitro ammonia nitrogen (NH3-
N) and volatile fatty acid (VF A) production.
Cowpea shell was the source of roughage
while maize offal was the energy source.
The diets contained about 12 crude protein.
Dry matter intake (g/day), ranged from
672.50-815.00 and the values were
significantly higher (P<0.05) with CSC based
diets than with urea based diets.
Acid detergent fibre intake (g/day) which
ranged from 146.97-24l.27 significantly
increased (P<0.01) with increase in
roughage level. The means of the main
effects showed that daily weight gain
(93.33-119.67 g/d) significantly decreased
(P<0.05) while feed conversion ratio (6.107.93 g feed/g gain) Significantly increased
(P<0.05) with increase in roughage level.
Dry matter digestibility was significantly
higher (P<0.05) for urea (51.83) than for
CSC(46.000/0) based diets, while acid
detergent fibre digestibility significantly
Increased (P<0.05) with increase in
roughage
level.
In
vitro
NH3-N
concentration was significantly higher
(P<O.OI) for urea (21.31 mg/l00ml) than
(10.89 mg/100mI) based diets and also
significantly increased (P<0.0l) with
increase in roughage level. In vitro VFA
concentration was significantly higher
(p<0.01) for CSC (4.79 mmol/100ml) than
for urea (4.44 Mmol/100mI) based diets.
From the results a diet with 40 roughage,
with either esc or urea as dietary nitrogen
5.
Fomukong Tenguh
Effects of Protein Aug.,
and Energy Levels 1997
on the performance
ofGrowing Yankasa
Rams Fed Cowpea
Shell
source is recommended for growing
yankasa rams.
Sixteen growing Yankasa rams were fed
four diets with two levels of energy (2.2 and
2.7 Meal ME/kg) and two levels of protein
(12 and 160%) for 90 days to study the
effect on their performance. Cowpea shell
was the basal roughage while cotton seed
cake, maize offal, groundnut haulms and
urea were the ingredients combined to
obtain the four diets. Increasing the energy
level significantly (P<O. 01) increased dry
matter intake from concentrate, crude
protein intake and organic matter intake
while acid detergent fibre intake was
significantly depressed. Crude protein
intake significantly (P<0.01) increased with
increase in protein level. All nutrient
digestibility were significantly (P<0.05)
increased with increase in protein level.
Increasing the energy level significantly
(P<0.0l) depressed acid detergent fibre
digestibility. Daily weight gain significantly
(P<0.05) increased with increase in protein
level within each energy level, and was
highest in low energy -high protein group
(161.67 g/ day). There was highly
significant interaction effect on water intake
per kg/DMI. Ruminal pH significantly (P<0.
0 I) decreased with increase in energy level.
Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration
significantly (P<0.05) increased with
protein level and decreased with increase in
6.
Ojo Adeyinka
Effects
of Aug.,
Processing
1997
Methods and Levels
of Broiler Litter in
the Diet on Growth
and
Feed
Utilization of Goats
energy level. Total volatile fatty acid
concentration significantly (P<O. 01)
increased with increase in energy level.
There was a highly significant (P<0.01)
correlation between pH and the rumen
metabolites and between the rumen
metabolites themselves. Based on the higher
weight gains of animals on low energy-high
protein diet which indicates a shorter time
to attain market weight, a diet with 2.2
meal/kg metabolizable energy and 16 cp
level is recommended for growing Yankasa
rams.
Four diets containing about 16 crude
protein were formulated with broiler litter
processed by two methods (sundrying and
stacking) and included at two levels (20 and
40). The diets were fed to sixteen goats to
investigate the effects of processing
methods, levels of inclusion and their
interactions on feed intake, nutrient
digestibility and weight gains of the animals.
In vitro volatile fatty acid (VFA) and
ammonia-N
production
were
also
determined. The results, indicated :Ory
matter
intake,
OMI
(90.92
to
257.84g/d),crude protein intake, CPI (16.03
to 40.45g/d) weight gain, WG (-35.72 to
33.57g), dry matter digestibility OMO,
(71.27 to 85.68), organic matter digestibility
(68.87 to 87.32) and ammonia-N production
(12.92 to 34.44mg/100ml). There were
significant (P<0.05) processing x level
7.
Niba Aziwo Tatanja
PGS/0091
7
Buck
Semen Sept.
Characteristics and 1997
Storage at Ambient
Temperatures
interaction effects on the values. Only
the goats on 20 sun dried broiler litter
(SOBL) diet gained weight, while the others
lost weight. From the results, not more than
20 SOBL should be included in the diets of
young goats if the only source of energy is
maize bran. However, 40 STBL could give
promising result if it is sufficiently fortified
with energy and the palatability improved
by addition of molasses.
A study was conducted at the research farm
of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University,
Bauchi to investigate buck semen
characteristics, microbiology and storage at
ambient temperatures. Parameters studied
for semen characteristics were normal and
abnormal sperm percentages, ejaculate
volume, sperm concentration and initial
motility. Significant differences (P<0.05)
were observed for normal sperm
percentage, (87.33 L I. 783 vs 80.25 ±
1.740), ejaculate volume (ml)(O.4 ±. 0.047
vs 0.21 ±. 0.015) and sperm concentration
(sperm/nil) (3.81 ± 0.117 x 10 vs 3.18 ±
0.087 x 10 ) between the wet season and the
dry season respectively. Semen collected
from the three different bucks (Bl, BII and
BIll). Semen collected from HI was
significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of
BII and Bill with mean values or 3.89 X 105,
1.58 x 105 and 1.51 x 105 colony forming
units (CFU) Respectively. Fungal counts
showed the same trend with mean values of
8.
Adeogun
Iyabode
Some
Genetic May,
5.28 x 105,2.12 X 105 and 1.98 x 105
CFU/ml respectively. Mean pH values of 5.1,
6.1 and 6.1 were obtained for Bl, 811 and
13111 respectively with BI being
Significantly (P<O.05) lower. Motility
1I1Hkr ambient temperature conditions
of storage were assessed using the diluents,
skimmed milk (SM), skimmed milk with
0.9g glucose (SMG), Cornell University
extender (CUE) and Glucose citrate
extender (GCE). Motility declined with time,
with mean values being 44.33, 49.00, 49.67
and 53.35 respectively. There were no
significant (P>0.05) differences between the
overall mean values I()I" the diluents but
those with synthetic buffers tended to be
better. Using G.e. E under three conditions
of storage (aerobic vs anaerobic oil vs
anaerohic jar) motility declined with time
with mean values of 41.5, 43.0 and ()X.67
respectively.
Significant
differences
(P<O.05) were observed in the overall mean
values for these conditions of storage being
48.27, 49.75 and 53.42 ill that order.
Seasonal differences do not seem to be
sufficient to prevent normal breeding for
this breed year round. The best storage
condition
for
ambient
temperature
preservation of semen motility is under
anaerobic condition. Inclusion of antibiotics
and antimycotics in all diluents meant for AI
with this breed is necessary.
A study was conducted at the National
Oluwayemisi
Parameters
1998
Estimation
in
Japanese
Quails
(cortunix cortunix
japonica)
Veterinary Research Institute, NVRI, Vom,
from September 1996 to March 1997, to
estimate heritabilities and correlations
between some production (body weight and
shank length and egg quality (egg weight,
egg length, egg circumference, egg diameter,
yolk height, albumen height, shell weight,
shell thickness, shape index, shell surface
area, shell density, haugh unit and yolk
index) traits of Japanese quails. Four
hundred eggs were randomly collected from
a breeder stock and hatched to produce first
generation birds which were allowed to
produce birds of the second generation.
External egg and body measurements were
taken on the first generation birds while
internal egg quality parameters were taken
on the second generation birds. Heritability
estimates for body weight and shank
lengths obtained from sire and dam (fullsibs) variance components ranged from
0.43±0.18 to 1.08±0.17 and 0.08±0.15 to
0.67±0.19, respectively. Genetic, phenotypic
and environmental correlations between
body weights and shank lengths were
significant (P < 0.001) and ranged from 0.79 0.79 to 0.98 0.68, -0.06 to 0.85 and 1.41 to 1.44, respectively. Heritability of egg
quality traits were estimated from sire, dam
and, sire and dam (full-sibs) variance
components. Most traits had medium to
high heritability estimates indicating that
most of the traits could be improved by
9.
Kalla Demo Joab Usman
PGS/0394
Reproductive
Sept.,
Performance
of 1998
Bunaji,
Friesian,
and
Crossbred
Cattle
in
A
Subtropical
Environment,
Nigeria
simple selection procedures. Genetic
correlations between egg quality traits
estimated from sire, dam and, sire and dam
(full sibs) variance components ranged from
-1.33 ±1.19 to 1.29±0.50, -0.99±0.97 to
1.35±5.48 and -1.20±0.89 to 1.19±0.12,
respectively.
Phenotypic
correlations
between the egg quality traits estimated
from the three methods were the same for
each pair of traits and ranged from -0.92 to
0.99. Environmental correlations between
the egg quality traits estimated from the
sire, dam and, sire and dam (full-sibs)
variance components ranged from -0.86 to
0.57, -1.18 to 0.99 and -0.74 to 1.07,
respectively.
The records of 278 cows were studied over
a period of 6 years from 1989 - 1995 in
Vom, to investigate the reproductive
performance of Bunaji (Bu), 0.5 Friesian x
0.5 Bunaji (F x Bu) 0.75 Friesian x 0.25
Bunaji (F x Bu2) and Friesian (F) cows. Age
at first calving was significantly different
among the genotypes (p<0.001). The least
squares mean ± S.E of age at first calving
were 1260.2 ± 16.93, 975.6 ± 13.73,
1070.79 ± 5.23 and 881.6 ± 60.23 days for
Bu, F x Bu, F x Bu2 and F respectively. The
average pregnancy rates (PR) and number
of services per conception (NSC) were 51,
47, 33 and 1.96,2:14 and 3.05 for Bu, F x Bu
and F respectively. PR and NSC were both
affected by genotype, year (p<0.001) and
technician inseminating the animals
(p<0.05). The effect of genotype, parity and
season of calving on calving interval were
significant (P<0.05) with mean calving
interval of 383.7 ± 9.80, 378.4 and 430.0
days for Bu, F x Bu and F respectively. Four
major reproductive problems were studied,
abortion, dystocia, stillbirth and retained
placenta. The overall incidence of various
reproductive problems in the herd was 33.2,
this was more frequent (P<0.001) among
the F x Bu cows (45.3) than F (41.0) and Bu
(18.0). Bei fers (43.0 °6) were more
susceptible (P<0.00l) to reproductive
problems than second calvers (39.19) and
matured cows (22.2). The incidence of
abortion, dystocia, stillbirth and retained
placenta were 5.3, 12.9, 7.8 and 7.2
respectively. Only the effect of year on
retained placenta was not significant
Genotype, parity and year had profound
effects on 4 reproductive problems
considered. The Bu, F x Bu and F in this
study had breeding efficiencies V. of 97.28 +
12.8, 99.27 ± 7.9 add 96.41 ± 12.1
respectively. To more effectively measure
breeding efficiency the formula was
modified based on the production targets of
the herd. The modified breeding efficiencies
± C. V. of Bu, F x Bu and F were 90.6 ~ 11. ,
92.6 ± 2.4 and 89.1± 11.6 respectively. It
was concluded that the Vom, Friesian-3unaji
cross-breeding programme was beneficial
10.
Bello, Khadijat Musa
PGS/0077
6
Effects of Varying Nov.,
Levels of Tridax 1998
Procumbens
(L)
Forage on Growth
and
Nutrient
Digestibility
of
Weaner Rabbits
the reproductive adaptatien, in that the F x
Bu crosses calved at relatively yeung age
and had shorter calving intervals with
higher breeding efficiencies cempared te Bu
and F.
Tridax procumbens (TRP) is a common
tropical weed extensively used by small
scale rabbit raisers. There is however scanty
research on optimum quantity to feed to
rabbits to obtain optimum performance.
The study investigated the utilization of
varying levels of TRP by weaner rabbits.
The parameters determined were nutrient
intake, nutrient digestibility, organ weight
dressing percentage and mortality. TRP was
fed at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 levels of inclusion
in the diet of weaner rabbits to form five
experimental diets. The experiment lasted
for seven weeks. The results indicated that
crude protein intake, organic matter intake,
acid detergent fibre intake, daily weight
gain, and feed conversion ratio were
significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary
treatments. The crude protein intake,
organic matter intake and daily weight gain
were decreasing with increase in TRP
inclusion level, while acid detergent fibre
intake and feed conversion ratio were
increasing with increase in TRP inclusion
level. The results also showed that TRP can
be incorporated into weaner rabbit diets at
up to 45 inclusion level without detrimental
effect on production parameters. Further
11.
Abubakar, Mohammed
Effects of Varying Nov.,
Levels
of 1998
Groundnut Haulms
and Cowpea Shell
on the Performance
of Red Sokoto kids
study into the use of TRP at higher levels of
inclusions beyond 45 level using pelleted
diet should be investigated. It was
concluded that TRP may be able to play a
major role in the diet of rabbits in the
tropical countries similar to the role of
alfalfa in the temperate countries of the
world.
Four diets containing about 16 crude
protein were formulated with varying levels
of groundnut haulms (Gl-Il-I) and cowpea
shell (CPS). The diets, designated 1,2,3, and
4 contained 60 GNHlO CPS~ 40 GNHl20
CPS; 20GNHJ40 CPS and 0 GNHJ60 CPS
respectively They were fed to sixteen kids of
Red Sokoto goat (8 males and 8 females) in
order to study the effects of varying levels of
GNH and CPS on feed intake, nutrient
digestibilities and weight gain of the
animals for 70 days. The results showed
that dry matter intake (Dlvll) was higher on
diets 2 and 3 (477.30 and 452.30g/d
respectively) and lower on diets 1 and 4
(368.10 and 356.60 g/d respectively). Crude
protein intake (CPI) was higher on diets 2
and 3 (77.85 and 74.13g/d respectively)
and lower on diets I and 4 (58.52 and
57.41g/d respectively).
Water intake (WI) in litres per kg D'vll was
higher on diets 1 and 4 (3.29 and 2.91
Respectively ) and lower on diets 2 and .3 (2
55 and 2.42 respectively). Daily weight
gain CDWG) was higher on diets 2 and .3
12.
Mohammed, Saleh Sir
PGS/0094
1
Seasonal Variation June,
in Gonadal and 1999
Extragonadal
Sperm Reserves of
Cattle
Around
Bauchi
(8541 and 76.62 g/d respectively) and
lower on diets 1 and 4 (69.17 and 51 12 g d
respectively). Feed conversion ratio (FCR)
was higher on diets 3 and 4 (6.04 and 7 35
respectively) and lower on diets 1 and 2
(5.38 and 5.59 respectively) There were
significant treatment effects on DMI and WI
(P<0.05) as well as CPI and DWG (P<O 01).
All nutrient digestibilities were significantly
(P<0.01) affected by treatments, with diet 2
having the highest and diet 4 having the
lowest digestibilities Thus, dry matter
digestibility and crude protein digestibility
were higher on diets 2 (58.IO% and 73.86
respectively) and 3 (53.61 and 72.31
respectively) and lower on diets 1 (50.78
and 70.83 respectively) and 4 (44.95 and
68.03 respectively) Based on higher weight
gains of 85.41g/d for animals on diets 2
(40GNHl20 CPS), which indicates a shorter
time to attain slaughter weight, this diet
could be recommended for growing kids.
This study was conducted to investigate the
effect of breed and season on gonadal and
extragonadal sperm reserves in three
indigenous breed of bulls (Bokoloji, Rahaji
and Bunaji) in Bauchi for a total period of
twelve months. Reproductive parameters
studied were scrotal circumference (SC),
paired testes weight (TW), Epididymal
weights (EW), Gonadal sperm counts (GSC)
and Epididymal sperm counts (ESC). Most
differences in parameters considered were
non significant except breed difference (P <
0.05) in scrotal circumferences; being 27.3 ±
0.6, 28.9 ± 0.7 and 34.1 ± O.Scm for Bokoloji,
Rahaji and Bunaji respectively. Highly
significant (P< 0.01) seasonal differences
were observed in paired testes weight
(185.6 ± 6.6, 211. 0 ± 9.3, 252.0 ± 19.6 and
343.5 ± 5.8g), Epididymal weight (37.5 ±
1.3, 38.7 ± 1.7, 39.9 ± 1.2 and 63.7 ± 12.1g),
Gonadal sperm count (72.0 ± 1.5 x 109, 58.2
± 5.1x109, 73.6±3.8 x 109and 78.5±2.4 x
10'1 and Epididymal sperm count (61.1 ±
2.4 x 109, 52.4 ± 6.1 x 109,112.0 ± 5.5 x 109
and 118.5 ± 5.3 x 1O~ for late dry, early
rainy, late rainy and early dry seasons
respectively in all the breeds. Generally
higher values were obtained in the early dry
season, followed by late rainy and dry
seasons while least values were recorded in
the early rainy season. The sperm counts for
the three breeds exceeded the 500 million
cells required for optimum fertility in all the
four seasons, thus season does not seem to
contribute any problems as far as sperm
reserve in these bulls are concerned. High
correlation values were obtained between
scrotal circumference and testis weight,
epididymal weight, gonadal sperm count,
epididymal sperm count. Thus, scrotal
circumference can be used to predict testis
weight, epididymal weight, gonadal sperm
count and epididymal sperm count in these
bulls.
13.
U. S. Abdullahi
Productive
June,
Performance
Of 1999
Indigenous Breed
of Cattle Under
Sedantary
Management
in
Bauchi
The effect of breeds and some
environmental factors on some productivity
parameters of cattle maintained under
sedentary management in Bauchi were
investigated over a period of one year
(August, 1996 to September, 1997). The
productivity parameters were birth weight,
weaning weight, weaning age, milk yield,
age at first calving and number of services
per conception while the environmental
factors were herd, parity, body condition
and calving season. The mean (±SD) age at
first calving and number of services per
conception were 4.95tO.21 years and
1.39±0.17; 5.64±0.21 years and 1.38±O.20
and 5.42tO.21 years and 1.421-0.19 for
Bunaji(white fulani), Rahaji(Red bororo)
and Bokoloji (Sokoto Gudali) breeds
respectively. Age at first calving was
significantly affected by breed (P<0.00l) and
herd (P<O.Ol) while number of services per
conception was not. The mean birth weight,
weaning weight and wearn ng age were
25.06±0.61kg,
126.31±4.06kg
and
391.74±8.86 days for Bunaji; 25.37±0.83kg,
128.47±4.86kg and 395.82±12.57 days for
Rahaji and 23.70!:0.83kg, 122.24±4.70kg
and 405.62±10.85 days for Bokoloji
respectively. Breed and season s i gni fi cantl
y (P<0.05) affected bi rth wei ght and
weaning weight, while there were no
significant differences in weaning age. Milk
14.
Fabiyi, Kemi Eunice
Utilization
of Aug.,
Jackbean(canavalia 1999
ensiformis(L.) DC.)
Meal
As
Relacement
for
Soybean Meal in
Broiler Diets
yield was significantly affected by breed,
parity and body condition score (P<0.0l),
herd (P<0.05) and calving season (P<0.00l).
The
means
being
396.37±9.13,
396.37±10.91 and 373.80±10.56 litres per
lactation for Bunaji, Rahaji and Bokoloji 'i n
that order. Over all incidence of
reproductive problems were 12.7 and 29.0
for Bunaji, 8.3 and 25.0 for Rahaji and 7.7
and 38.4 for Bokoloji in the dry and rainy
seasons calving respectively. It was
concluded that seasonal feed shortage and
high incidence of reproductive diseases
appeared to be in impediment to sedentary
management and Bunaji and Rahaji would
relatively perform better than Bokoloji
under sedentary system in Bauchi State.
A nine week feeding trial was conducted to
evaluate the utilization of detoxified
jackbean meal (.IBM) and determine its
replacement value for soybean meal in
broiler rations. The levels of inclusion of
.IBM were 0 ,5, 10 ,15 and 20 in both starter
and finisher rations. A total of one hundred
day old Ross broiler chicks were randomly
assigned to live dietary treatments with two
replications in a completely randomized
design The parameters determined were
feed intake, body weight gain and feed
Conversion ratio. At the end of the study,
internal organ weights, hematological
parameters and serum metabolite levels
were determined. The amino acid analysis
of jack-bean meal revealed that methionine
was limiting in jack-bean while lysine was
relatively high. During 0-4 weeks of age, as
the level of JBM increased in the diets, there
was significant (P<0.05) reduction in daily
feed intake and daily weight gain among the
dietary treatments. However, the feed
conversion ratio was not significantly
(P>O.05) affected by the dietary treatments.
At 5-9 weeks of age, daily feed intake was
significantly (P<0.05) reduced as the
inclusion level of JBM increased, while daily
weight gain and feed conversion ratio
showed no significant (P>O.OS) difference
between the control and other treatments,
this observation might be due to age
tolerance. From 0 to 9 weeks of age, daily
feed intake, daily weight gain and feed
conversion ratio followed the same trend as
in 5-9 weeks and dietary treatments did not
significantly (P>0.05) affect final live
weight, carcass weight and mortality. The
weight of the internal organs or broilers
(gizzard, liver, heart, pancreas, lungs, spleen
and intestine) expressed as a percentage of
body weight e (If body weight exhibited n
non-significant (P<0.05) difference among
the dietary treatments. Gross examination
of these internal organs showed no trace of
macroscopic
lesions,
necrosis
nor
haemorrhage among the dietary treatments.
Serum total protein. serum albumin. serum
urea, serum uric acid, haemoglobin and
15.
Onwukeme, Guericke U.
Effects of Varying Aug.,
Levels of Spent 1999
Sorghum Residue
on
the
Performance, Blood
Parameters
and
Carcass
Characteristics of
Broiler Chickens
packed cell volume were not significantly
(P>0.05) affected by the dietary treatments.
It was concluded that detoxified JBM can be
Included at levels up to 20% inclusion in
broiler rations without adverse effects on
performance And physiological parameters
of broilers.
A total of ninety eight Anak 2000 day old
broiler chicks were randomly assigned to
seven experimental pens for a feeding trial
consisting of the starter phase (0- 4weeks)
and the finisher phase (5- 8weeks).Four isonitrogenous but non-isocaloric diets were
formulated for each of the starter and
finisher phases to evaluate the effect of
replacing maize with spent sorghum residue
(SSR) at 0, 15, 30, and 45 percent levels of
inclusion in practical diets.
During the starter phase, the 0 SSR diet,
which also served as the control, was fed to
treatment 1, while the 15, 30 and 45 percent
SSR diets were fed to treatments 2, 3 and 4
respectively. Treatments 5, 6 and 7 were
also fed the 0 SSR diet at the starter phase.
During the finisher phase, treatment 1 to 4
were fed 0, 15, 30, and 45 percent SSR
finisher diets respectively while treatments
5, 6 and 7 which had been on the control
starter diet were switched to the 15, 30 and
45 percent SSR diets respectively.
The results for the 0 to 8 weeks period for
daily feed intake, final body weight at 8
weeks, daily weight gain and feed
16.
Settima, Aida Aliyu
Some Productive Nov.,
Performance
of 1999
Cattle At Dalori
Dairy
Farm
Maiduguri Nigeria
conversion ratio were not significantly
affected (P > 0.05) by the dietary
treatments. Carcass characteristics were not
significantly affected (P> 0.05) by the
dietary treatments. Packed cell volume
(PCV) and haemoglobin (HB) did not differ
significantly. Serum total protein (STP) and
serum uric acid (SUA) were also not affected
by the dietary treatments.
Results indicate that spent sorghum residue
can replace maize at up to 45 level in the
diet of broilers without adverse effects on
performance parameters. Economic analysis
of the performance data showed that the
utilization of SSR led to a reduction in feed
costs per kilogram of feed and feed costs per
kilogram of gain. It was concluded that the
utilization of spent sorghum residue will
lead to a reduction in feed costs and
increase the profit margins of broiler
producers because spent sorghum residue
is cheaper than maize.
A study was carried out at Dalori Dairy
farm, Maiduguri, Borno state to assess the
performance of Wadara, Butana x Wadara
and Shorthorn x Wadara cattle maintained
on the farm. About 273 lactation records
between 1962 and 1972 and 321 calving
records between 1944 and 1973 were
utilized for the analysis. In addition, six
regression models were fitted to 3463
monthly body weight records available
between 1962 and 1972. The least squares
mean lactation yield, lactation length, age
at first calving, calving interval, birth weight
and weaning weight of Wadara were
1077kg, 227 days, 44 months, 440 days,
23.46kg and 105.4kg, respectively. The
corresponding values for Butana x Wadara
were 1374kg, 246 days, 38 months, 432
days, 25.34 and 118.8kg while Shorthorn x
Wadara on the other hand, had
corresponding values of 2160kg, 292 days,
22 months, 274 days 26.55kg and 124.3kg.
The effect of genotype (P<0.00l) and year of
calving (P< 0.001) on lactation yield was
significant . Similarly genotype [P<0.01] and
year of calving [P<0.00l] significantly
affected lactation length. The effects of
parity and season of calving on the two
traits were however, not significant. All the
effects, namely, genotype, year, parity and
season of calving, tested on age at first
calving were significant (P<0.001). None of
the factors tested on calving interval
however,was significant. The fixed effects of
breed, sex of calf, parity and season of birth
on birth weight were significant (P<0.001),
while the effect of year of birth was not. R 2
values for Inverse polynomial, Parabolic
exponential, Linear, Exponential, Gamma
type (wood) and Gamma type (McNally)
functions were 70.6+0.38, 83.8±0.29,
83.9±34.6, 85.7±0.002, 88.3±0.20 and
88.3±0.20, respectively, indicating that
Gamma type (wood) and Gamma type
17.
Nwachukwu,
Benjamin
Chibuike PGS/0057
2
Utilization
of Feb.,
Pigeon Pea Seed 2000
Meal in Diets for
Broiler Chickens
(McNally) best accounted for growth
variability of cattle on .the farm. Heritability
values for lactation yield lactation length,
age at first calving and calving interval
estimated from sire, dam, and sire and dam
variance components ranged from 0.081
+0.31 - 0.486 + 0.52, 0.247± 0.25 - 2.744±
0.33 and 0.164 ± 6.11 - 1.615 ± 0.13,
respectively. The corresponding heritability
estimates for birth weight obtained from the
three
variance
components
were
0.294±0.29, 1.21l±0.29 and 0.753± 0.17.
Repeatability estimates for lactation yield,
lactation length, calving interval and birth
weight were 0.18±0.06, 0.076±0.06,
0.21±0.10 and 0.76±0.03 respectively. Most
of the production traits had medium to high
heritability values however, the high
standard errors of the estimates make them
very unreliable.
Pigeon Pea seed (Cajanus cajan) was
purchased at Muda Lawai market, Sauchi. It
was processed and chemically analyzed. The
result gave 3.76% moisture, 8.65% crude
fibre, 3.92% ash, 21.77% crude protein,
3.36 ether extract, and 58.04% N.F.E. The
dried seed was ground in a hammer mill to
form Pigeon pea seed meal (PPSM). Four
experimental diets were compounded at the
University feed mill with inclusion of PPSM
at 0%, 33%, 67% and 100% as replacement
for soybean meal (SSM) (w/w) at the starter
and finisher phases. Forty- eight- day old
Anak broiler chicks averaging 35.73g were
raised on deep litter for eight weeks. Twelve
birds were randomly assigned to each of the
four experimental diets both at the starter
and finisher phases. The birds on each diet
were further divided into two replicates of
six birds per replicate. At the end of the
feeding trial, performance characteristics
and haematological parameters were
determined. The cost per kilogram of feed
and the cost of feed per kilogram of weight
gain of bird were calculated. The body
weight gain, daily feed intake and daily body
weight gain of birds fed control diet and diet
with 33% PPSM replacement were
significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on
the other diets. Feed conversion ratios were
similar. The results for carcass traits, cut-up
parts and some internal organs as
percentage of the live weight showed that,
the plucked weight, dressed weight, and
total edible meat were similar for all the
birds. Equally similar were the slaughtered
weight, total bone weight, breast, thigh,
drumstick, neck, head, shank and feet, heart,
liver, intestine, back and gizzard. For
haematological parameters, the serum urea
level of birds fed the control diets and diet
with 33 PPSM were significantly (P<0.05)
lower than those on the other diets, while
the serum cholesterol levels of birds fed diet
with 100% PPSM replacement were
significantly (P<0.05) lower than those on
18.
Idi, Rose Danladi
PGS/0066
3
Semen
Sept.,
Characteristics and 2000
Fertility of Some
Breeds of Cocks in
Bauchi
the other diets. Economically, raising birds
on the diet with 33% replacement was
cheaper. It was therefore concluded that
PPSM could be included in broiler rations to
replace 33 of the soybean meal in the diet
with no deleterious effect on performance
and haematological parameters. The use of
PPSM would reduce feed costs and increase
the profit margin for broiler producers since
it is relatively cheaper than soybean meal.
Series of experiments were conducted to
investigate semen characteristics and
fertility of some breeds of cocks in Bauchi
for a period of 6 months (July 1998 to
January 1999). Three breeds of cocks
namely, Indigenous (I), Barred Plymouth
Rock (BPR) and Broilers (BR) were used for
the study. Results show that there were
significant breed differences (P :s; 0.01) in
live-weights being 1.98 ± 0.04kg, 2.53 ±
0.04kg and 3 58 ± 0 13kg for I, BPR and BR
respectively. Significant breed differences
were also obtained in semen volume being
0.35 :!: 0.03ml, 0.81 ± 004ml and 0.23 ±
0.02ml; sperm concentration 3.36:!: 0.22 x
109, 3 02 ± 0.26 x 109,5 39:!: 0.76 x 109 and
total sperm 1.23 ± 0.15 x 109,2.35:!: 019 X
109, lA2 ± 0.23 x 109 for L BPR and BR
respectively.
Live-weights
correlated
positively (r = OA 19) with sperm
concentration. The Cornell University
Extender was significantly better (P :s; 0.01)
in terms of sperm motility than Skimmed
19.
Yusuf Hassan Berou
PGS/9798/10200
2
The Effects And Aug.,
Dietary
Energy- 2001
Protein Ratio on
the Performance of
Broilers
Milk, Skimmed Mjlk + Glucose and Glucose
Citrate Extender; values being 46.67 ±
25.60,39.17 ± 25.10,41.39 ± 31.72 and 44A4
±
29.20
respectively.
Spermatozoa
deteriorated rapidly with time from 80.00 ±
10.69 at o hour to 50.28 ± 15.76, 29A4 :!:
14.33 and 13 89 ± 12.71 at 1,2 and 6 hours
of storage respectively. The fertility of the 0
1 ml AI dose was significantly better
(P<0.01) than the 0.05ml AI dose being 480
and 30.2 respectively. Breed fertility were
38.2 and 70.5 for I and BPR cocks
respectively. There are cock breed
differences in semen characteristics in our
environment and they compare favourably
with those obtained elsewhere, but the
fertility is on the lower side. The BPR cocks
appear to have higher reproductive
potentials than the I cocks.
This research, conducted at the Abubakar
Tafawa Balewa University Poultry Research
Farm Bauchi, was aimed at determining the
appropriate ratio of energy and protein to
promote the desired intake of all nutrients
and hence obtaining optimal growth of
broilers. One hundred day old Ross broiler
chicks were randomly assigned to five
treatment groups each replicated twice. The
parameters measured were feed intake,
weekly body weight, body weight gain, feed
conversion ratio, mortality rate and
abdominal fat. Five iso-nitrogenous diets
(22 and 19 CP for the starter and finisher
20.
Danjuma Zaharaddeen
PGS/1020
18
Reaction Time and Jan.,
Semen
2002
Characteristics in
Two Breeds of
Rabbits in Bauchi
diets respectively) with varying energy
protein (EP ratios) were formulated. The
starter diets contained EP ratios of 125, 130,
135, 140 and 145 while the finisher diets
contained EP ratios of 145, 150, 155, 160
and 165. Feed intake was not significantly
affected by EP ratio for both starter and
finisher diets. Final body weight and body
Weight gain of broilers were significantly
(P<0.05) influenced by dietary EP ratio
during the starter phase. Feed conversion
ratio was significantly (P<0.05) influenced
by dietary EP ratios. Birds on high EP ratio
diets had higher abdominal fat compared to
those on low EP ratio diets. The economic
analysis of the results of the feeding trial
showed that cost of feed per kg and cost of
total feed consumed per bird tended to
increase with increase in EP ratios of the
diets for both starter and finisher phases.
Maximum growth rate for broilers was
achieved with dietary EP ratio range of 135
to 145 for the starter phase and 155 to 165
for the finisher phase. Based on the records
of feed conversion ratio and cost of feed per
kg gain (N/gain), dietary EP ratios of 135
and 155 were recommended for the starter
and finisher phases respectively.
Series of experiments were conducted at the
Research Farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
University, Bauchi (April - December, 2000)
to investigate differences in reaction time,
semen characteristics, fertility following AI
21.
Bossan David Yakubu
PGS/1020
25
Utilization of Maize May,
Milling Waste by 2002
and sensitivity of semen microbes to
antibiotics in Dutch belted and local rabbits.
The results showed that intervals from
introduction of buck to mounting, mounting
to pelvic thrust, pelvic thrust to ejaculation
and total time on teaser were significantly
(P<0.05) affected by breed and time of
collection (in favour of the exotic rabbits
and morning period). Gel volume, gel free
volume, progressive motility, sperm
concentration, total sperm per ejaculate,
live
spermatozoa
and
abnormal
spermatozoa were also significantly
different (P< 0.05) in the two breeds and
collection periods. The fertility trial showed
that pregnancy rate, kindling rate, number
of young born and mean litter size did not
differ significantly between the breeds. The
bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and Escherichia coli) were only susceptible
to ciproxin, nob acting, nalidixic acid,
ampicillin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol
while the fungal isolates (Candida
stellatoidea) were resistant to all the
antibiotics tested. These antibiotics could be
used in the control of bacteria in semen
samples. It is therefore concluded that
semen collection should be restricted to
morning hours and either of the breeds
could be used in mating and AI programmes
in this environment.
An experiment was carried out at the
A.T.B.U. Research Farm, Bauchi in January -
Broiler Chickens
march 2001, to investigate the effect of
varying dietary levels of maize - milling
waste (MMW) on performance of broiler
chickens. Five isonitrogenous diet for
starter (23% CP) were formulated and
MMW was included at 0, 10, 20, 30, and
40% levels. In the finisher diet (21% CP)
MMW was included at 0, 30, 40. 50. and
60% levels. One hundred and twenty day old Anak broiler chickens were randomly
assigned to five treatments each replicated
three times with eight birds per replicate.
The parameters measured included daily
feed intake (DFI). daily body weight gain
(DBWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR),
carcass characteristics (CC) and organ
weights (OW). The results indicated that
DFI, DBWG, and FCR were not significantly
affected by the dietary level of MMW at both
the starter and finisher phases. Final live
weight. plucked weight, eviscerated weight
carcass weight and dressing percentage
showed no significant variation among the
treatments. However. abdominal fat (P <
0.05) and feed cost per kilogramme gain (P<
0.01) were affected by the dietary levels of
MMW. It was concluded that MMW could
therefore, be included in the diets of
broilers up to 40% and 60% levels in the
starter and finisher phases respectively
without any adverse effect on the
production parameters and carcass yield.
22.
Muhammad Ahmad Set- PGS/98Le
99/10203
7
Evaluation
Of June,
Linamarin Toxicity 2002
Protentials
In
Cassava Peel Meal
Based Diets Fed To
Rabbits
An experiment was carried out to
investigate the effects of varying levels of
dried cassava peel meal based diets on
growth and relative organ weights of
grower rabbits. The study involved the use
of twenty-four mongrel rabbits in a sixweek feeding trial. The cassava peel meal,
after adequate sun-drying was included at
levels of 0, 30, 35 and 40% to form four
dietary treatments. All diets, with the
different ingredient combinations, were
is caloric and is nitrogenous. The rabbits
were all serially slaughtered (two per
replicate) in three sets of slaughter
fortnightly. Feed intake, weight gain and
feed conversion ratio were not int1uenced
by the dietary treatments. There were also
no significant dietary effects on the relative
organ weights after two weeks of feeding
for all treatments. However, liver and heart
Weights significantly increased (P<0.05)
after four and six weeks of feeding
respectively.
Significant (P<0.05) differences were
observed over time of slaughter on the
relative weights of the heart and spleen
There was also a significant (P<0.05)
interaction (time x diet) effect 011 the
weight of the lung. It can therefore, be
concluded that rabbits can tolerate up to 40
cassava peel meal in similar diet without
adverse effect on growth but with signs of
toxic impact on liver and heart. It is thus
23.
Chiroma, Alti Eunice
PGS/9899/10201
6
Seasonal Variations July,
in
Semen 2002
Characteristics and
Microbial
Evaluation of Two
Rabbit Breeds
predicted that prolonged feeding of cassava
peel meal in the diets of growing rabbits is
likely to lead to cyanide toxicity manifested
in the heart and spleen over time. It is also
indicated that the toxic influence of
linamarin depended on period of feeding.
The effect of season on semen
characteristics of two rabbit breeds, New
Zealand white (NZW) and Mongrels (Mo),
was investigated in Bauchi between
February and December, 200l. Four
NewZealand white and five Mongrel bucks
were utilized for the study. The average
(mean + SD) gel free volume, gel volume,
percent motile, live and abnormal
spermatozoa, semen colour, pH an sperm
concentration for NZW were 0.80 ± 0.50ml,
0.30 ±0.23ml, 61.93 ± 0.36, 84.28 ± 0.22,
30.0 ± 0.21, 2.29 ± 0.85, 7.75 and 87.81 ±
36.89 x 106 cells/ml. The corresponding
values for the Mo rabbits were 0.72 ±
0.14ml, 0.40 ±0.19ml, 2.46 ± 0.81, 77.63±
0.020; 87.73± 0.15;25.61± 0.14;1 2.46±0.81;
7.75 and 90.93 ± 34.87 x 106 cells/rnl. The
rabbit breeds were essentially similar in
most of the semen characteristics except
motility colour and gel volume, where the
Mongrels had significantly (P<0.05) higher
values. There were also significant (P<O.OO
1) seasonal differences in most of the semen
qualities and body characteristics. However,
blood
parameters
did
not
differ
significantly. Overall, semen qualities were
24.
Kidda,Danjuma Maku
PGS/9899/10202
1
Reproductive
Sept.,
Abnormalities
In 2002
Cattle Slaughtered
AT Gombe Abattoir
During a Period of
Twelve Months
best during the early dry season and worst
during the early rains. Semen microbes
were also significantly higher (P<O.OOI) in
the wet than in dry season and in the Mo
than NZW rabbits. The Mongrel rabbits
were therefore less susceptible to seasonal
influences and could be considered a better
source of quality semen than NZW.
Similarly, the early dry season was the best
time for semen collection as compared to
late dry, early wet and late wet seasons.
Ante mortem and postmortem examinations
were employed in a survey of the incidence
of reproductive abnormalities in cattle. The
study which was carried out in Gombe
abattoir for twelve months, subjected cattle
to intensive gross examination before and
after slaughter. Among the 7,214 cattle
studied, 79 representing, 1.09% had
reproductive abnormalities. Abnormalities
encountered in the females were, Mastitis,
which had the highest incidence rate of
1.16% others were, Vulvovaginitis (0.34%),
Vaginitis (0.29% ), Endometritis (0.15% ),
Ovarian cyst (0.05%) and Pyometra
(0.05%), giving an overall total of 2.03% . In
the males, the abnormalities observed were,
Orchitis, which has the highest incidence
rate of 0.43% , others were, Phimosis
(0.12%), Balanitis (0.08% ). Testicular
hypoplasia (0.06%), and Cryptochidism
(0.02% ), giving an overall total of 0.72% .
The effect of sex on the occurrence of
25.
Adelina Phetho Umeh
PGS/1020
03
Replacement Value Dec.,
of Sweet Potato For 2002
Maize In Broiler
Diets
reproductive abnormalities was statistically
significant (P <0.0 I). On within breed bases,
of all the Red Bororo, Kuri. Sokoto Gudali
and White Fulani Cattle observed, 1.62% ,
1.35% , 1.21% and 0.98% respectively had
reproductive problems. However, no
statistically significant difference was
observed among the breeds. Peak
occurrence of reproductive abnormalities
was observed in the late wet season with
thirty seven (1.76%) cases. Lower incidence
rates were observed in the early wet season
(1.09%), early dry season (0.77%) and late
dry season (0.59%). The occurrence of
reproductive
abnormalities
was
significantly (P<0.01) influenced by season.
This results imply that more reproductive
abnormalities occurred in the wet seasons
than the dry seasons. Based on the
foregoing, more attention is required in the
health and breeding of indigenous livestock
during the wet season.
A rune week study was conducted at the
Abubakar Tarawa Balewa University
Research farm, Bauchi, to investigate the
effect of sweet potato meal (SPM) as
replacement for maize, on performance,
carcass yield and organs weights in broilers.
Five isonitrogenous diets for starter (22 CP)
and finisher (20 CP) were formulated and
SPM was included at 0, 25, 50, 75, and
100 levels as replacement for maize. One
hundred and fifty-day-old Anak broilers
were randomly assigned to five treatments
each replicated thrice with 10 birds per
replicate. The parameters studied included
daily feed intake, daily body weight gain,
feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass
characteristics and Weights of internal
organs. The result indicated that daily feed
intake was significantly (P<0.05) affected by
the dietary treatments and decreased
significantly with the increase of SPM levels
during the starter phase, while daily weight
gain and FCR were significantly (P<0.00 1)
influenced by the treatments. There were
significant (P<0.001) differences in daily
feed intake, daily weight gain and feed
conversion ratio during 5-9 weeks of age
and the combined phases of
production. No mortality was recorded at
both starter and finisher phases. Final live
weight, plucked weight. carcass weight and
dressing percentage showed significant
(P<0.001) variation among the treatments.
Internal organs weights expressed as
percentage of body weight were not
Significantly different except the liver
(P<0.05), gut (P<0.001) and abdominal fat
(P<0.05) that were significantly affected.
Feed cost (W) per kg gain increased as SPM
level was increased. The result indicates
that 2SC SPM diet was similar to control (0
SPM) diet in overall performance, carcass
Characteristics and feed cost per kg gain.
Therefore SP1\1 could be included in the
26.
Kushi, Hajara Dogo
PGS/1020
07
Effect Of Protein Dec.,
Source And Level 2002
on Feed Intake,
Weight
Gain,
Nutrient
Digestibility
and
Some
Haematological
Parameters in Rats.
diet of broilers at lip to 25 to replace maize
without depression of performance and
carcass yield.
An experiment was conducted at the
University of los Animal Farm, to study the
effects of diets containing three protein
sources; Groundnut cake (GNC), blood meal
(BLM) and fish meal (FM), at two crude
protein €GP) levels (16 and 24) on dry
matter intake (DMI), daily weight gain
(DWG), dry matter digestibility (DMD),
crude protein digestibility (CPD) and some
haematological parameters in rats. The
experiment was 3 x 2 factorial with two
replicates in, a complete randomized design.
The data collected lasted for four weeks.
Analysis of variance was used in analysing
the data collected. In the parameters
studied, FM-based diets gave the highest
daily DWG, DMD, and CPD (P<0.00l),
whereas the BLM based diets. gave the
highest DMI and the least DWG. Rats on the
BLM based diets recorded the highest
values of PCV, lymphocytes and monocytes
(51.40, 86.30 and 5.05) respectively, while,
those on GNC had the highest neutrophils
value (10.93). Fish meal based diet gave
the least monocytes value (3,75). The levels
of inclusion of the diets had no significant
effect on DWG and DML but had significant
differences in DMD (P<0.05) and CPD
(P<0.00l). Neutrophils and lymphocytes
number were significantly (P<0.05) affected
27.
Tizhe, Malachi Albert
PGS/0001/10206
3
Effect
Of June,
Rebreeding
2003
Interval
On
Reproductive
Performance And
Litter Parameters
Of Some Breeds of
Rabbit in Bauchi
by dietary treatments' but the PCV and
monocytes values were not. There were
highly significant source and level
interaction effect on all the parameters
studied except in monocytes (P<0.d5). In
conclusion, FM and GNC gave similar
performance in weight gain whereas both
are superior to BLM as source of protein.
A study was conducted to investigate the
effect of rebreeding interval on the
reproductive performance and litter
parameters of three breeds or rabbit in
Bauchi between February to August
Eighteen primiparous pure bred does
comprising or 6 New Zealand white. 6
Chinchilla and 6 Dutch Belted were used.
Does were randomly allocated to three
rebreeding intervals of 7,14 and 21 days
postpartum Results obtained showed that
rebreeding interval had no significant effect
(P< 0.05) on doe and weight changes during
pregnancy and alter kindling. litter sizes and
weight at birth to weaning Does reb red 14
days postpartum had larger litter size at
birth and weaning. higher conception rate
and lower kit mortality than does rebred 7
and 21 days postpartum Does rebred 7 and
14 days postpartum lost weight during the
2ml week 0" gestation Litters or the 14 and
21 days rebred groups weighed higher than
those or the 7 days rebred groups from 2nd
to 4th week respectively. Decline in weight
during the 2nd week or gestation was
28.
Addass, Philip Ajidathi
PGS/00-01 Effects Of Genotype June,
And
Some 2003
Environmental
Factors On Some
witnessed in all parities. by all breeds and
during dry and wet seasons Milk yield was
significantly (P< 0.05) and influenced by
parity during the 1st and 2nd week of
lactation Does and litter parameters
improved With advance in parity and a
decline in kit mortality. Breed has high
significant (P< 0.01) effect on doe and litter
parameters New Zealand white breed
ranked highest in weight milk yield and kit
mortality (2.5kg, 98.9kg and 39.7kg
respectively) Chinchilla breeds produced
and weaned larger liners with Dutch belted
being
intermediate
(3.8
and
3.2
respectively) Season had no significant
effect (P<0.05) on doe weight changes
during gestation. but Significantly (P<0.05)
influenced milk yield during 2nd week of
lactation. Doe and litter parameters except
for milk Yield were better with does during
the wet than dry seasons. The study
concludes. that 14 days rebreeding of does
postpartum offers better opportunity for
increasing rabbit production and the best
age to cull unprolific does is after 3rd and 4th
parities Chinchilla breeds proved best
adapted to Bauchi, The best season for
rabbit breeding is the wet season when
temperature is low and feeds are abundant
This study was conducted from February
2002 to February 2003 at the Experimental
Farm of the School of Agriculture and
Agricultural Technology, Poultry Unit of the
Reproductive
Parameters
of
Rabbit in Bauchi
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBC)
Bauchi to investigate the effects of breed
and some environmental factors on some
parameters of Chinchilla (CC), Dutch belted
(DB)and New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits.
The mean doe initial weights was
1.56+0.0110kg for CC, 1.92+ 0.0380kg for
Db and 1.84+0.0083kg for NZW while the
mean
age
first
parturition
were
11.75+0.544 months, 11.92+0.530 months
and 12.30+0.509 months respectively. The
main
gestation
lengths
were
30.56+0.084days and 30.51+0.083days for
CC, Db and NZW respectively while the
corresponding mean number litter of kit
kindled alive were 4.92+0.184, 4.84+0.184
and 3.49+0.158. The mean litter weight at
birth were 385.10+13.90g, 436.80+18.40g
and 317.70+14.80g for CC, Db and NZW and
the respective mean weight of a litter at
birth were 79.54+1.69g, 90.76+2.02g and
90.75+2.10g. The mean parturition interval
was 47.94+3.37days for CC, 44.59+1.59days
for Db and 44.03+1.06days for NZW while
the corresponding number of kits weaned
were
2.78+0.207,
2.41+0.184
and
1.54+0.148. There was significant (P<0.001)
bread differences in number of kits kindled
alive (NKA), litter birth weight (LBW) and
number of kits weaned (NW) while
gestation length (GL), average birth weight
of litter (ABWL) and parturition interval
(PI) were not significantly different. Season
29.
Dieumou, Felix Eboue
PGS/1020
81
Effects of Protein June,
Types and Wheat 2003
Offal Levels on the
Growth
Performance and
Carcass
Characteristics of
Broiler Chickens
of mating only affected (P<0.001) PI. Early
and late rainy seasons appeared to be more
favourable for rabbit production than early
and late dry seasons. Breeding of rabbits
should therefore be made to take place
mostly during the favourable period. The
correlation coefficients between the
measurable traits ranged from -0.017 to
0.973 while the regression R.2 values were
generally 10 indicating poor linear
relationships between the traits
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate
the effect of protein types (soyabean meal
and groundnut cake), wheat offal levels (7.5
and 15) and their interaction on the growth
performance and carcass yield of broiler
chickens. The experiment was a 2 x 2
factorial arrangement in a completely
randomized design. Two hundred and four
chicks of the breed Anak 2000 were
randomly allotted to the four dietary
treatments each replicated three times.
Feed and water were supplied ad libitum
and the experiment lasted for eight weeks.
The results showed that protein type x
wheat offal level interaction influenced only
the caeca weight (P< 0.05). However, the
main effects revealed that birds fed
soyabean meal based diets had higher
(P<O.OOI) daily feed intake (l10.71g vs
94.64g), achieved significantly (P<O.OOI)
greater daily weight gain (S2.2g vs 33.90)
and had lower (P<O.OOl) feed conversion
30.
Luka, James Sabo
Effects
Of July,
Supplementation
2003
And Deworming On
The Productivity Of
Sheep and Goats
ratio (FeR) (2.12 vs 2 .82) than those on
groundnut cake based diets. Protein types
also affected organ and gut weights
expressed as percentage body weight as
well as the carcass characteristics except
the caeca, gut and liver. The wheat offal
levels had no effect on any of the
parameters studied. The cost of feed (naira
per kilogram gain) showed that diets
containing soyabean meal were cheaper (P
< 0.001) than those containing groundnut
cake. The results indicate that soyabean
meal is a better protein source than
groundnut cake at the two levels of wheat
offal included in the diet and up to 15 level
of wheat offal could be included in the diet
of broiler chickens without compromising
performance and carcass yield.
A study was conducted at the Abubakar
Tafawa Balewa University Small Ruminant
Farm in September to December 2002 to
study the effects of Supplementation and
deworming on daily weight gain(DWG),
packed cell volume (Pf'V), blood urea (Bl f),
total blood protein (TBP), and worm egg
counts (WEe) of sheep and goats. Seasonal
effects on the parameters were also studied.
Twelve sheep (Yankasa) and twelve goats
(W AD) were used in the study. The results
showed that supplementation significantly
affected DWG (P<0.05), PCV (P<0.00l) and
WEC (P<0.05) whereas the worming
significantly affected DWG (1'<0.05),
31.
Elisha Thomas
PGS/98/1
02008
Prevalence
Of June,
Contagious Bovine 2013
Pleuropneumonia
In Bauchi State,
Nigeria
PCY(P<0.00I), 'l'BP(P<005) and WEe
(1)<005). There were seasonal effects on
TBP (P<O.Ol). There were significant (P<O
05) supplementation x season and
supplementation x deworming x season
(P<0.05) effects on the DWG of sheep and
goats. There were also significant effects of
supplement fit ion x deworming (1'<0.05)
on the PCV of sheep and goats. Similarly,
there were significant supplementation x
season (P<O 05) and supplementation x deworming x species (P<0.05) effects on the
worm egg counts of the animals. The BU
levels were not affected by any of the factors
or their interactions. The study shows that
sheep requires supplementation and deworming in both the wet and dry seasons
whereas goats require supplementation
only in the dry season.
Contagious
Bovine
Pleuropneumonia
(CBPP) is an infectious disease of cattle and
other susceptible ruminants like buffaloes,
sheep and goats. It is caused by a bacterium,
Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides
leading to abortion, loss of meat and milk
and even dead. A total of 120 blood samples
were collected from six locations namely,
Warji, Misau, Chinade, Toro, Bauchi and
Gamawa in the State and the Laboratory
analysis were done at the Bacteriology
Laboratory of the National Veterinary
Research Institute Vom, Plateau State. The
experiment revealed that out of the 120
32.
Okpala Eugene Jideofor
PGS/9899/10203
1
Effects
of Dec.,
Preservation
2003
Methods on Quality
Factors of Japanese
Quali Eggs, Fertility
and Hatchability in
Different Seasons
and
Setting
Techniques in Vom,
Plateau State
samples subjected to an cELIS A test, 28
samples representing 24.03 tested positive.
In addition, 22 samples (41.39) obtained
from the northern part of the state tested
positive as against 6 samples (5.0) from the
southern part. The higher prevalence in the
north could be attributed to the effect of
stressors, which predisposed the animals to
pneumonia, and CBPP. When the data were
subjected to the chi-square test, it revealed
a non-significant difference (p=0.397) in
prevalence between sexes but a significant
difference between locations (north and
south). It can therefore be concluded that
CBPP is prevalent in Bauchi state and that
annual vaccinations using the CBPP vaccine,
the test and slaughter of infected animals
and control of cattle movement will help
eradicate the disease in the state.
Three experiments were conducted to
investigate the preservation qualities of
Japanese quail eggs in Vom, fertility and
hatchability of Japanese quail eggs in
different seasons and setting techniques of
Japanese quail eggs in Vom.
In the first experiment, the effects of time
and different preservation methods on egg
quality factors were evaluated. In this study,
seven hundred and twenty (720) Japanese
quail eggs were subjected to six
preservation methods namely: Groundnut
oil coated, petroleum jelly coated,
refrigerated,
transparent
and
black
33.
Tenny, Georges Ngu
PGS/1020
05
Production
July,
Potential,
Semen 2003
Characteristics And
Fertility in Two
Breeds of Turkeys
in Bauchi State
polythene bags wrapped and the control:
(untreated eggs) at three different periods:
O. 7 and 14 days. The egg quality factors
studied were egg weight, shell weight, shell
thickness. yolk height, yolk index, albumen
index and Haugh unit. Egg weight and
Haugh units were significantly (P<0.05)
reduced on the 14th day of storage. In the
second experiment. records on Japanese
quail eggs' fertility and hatchability at four
different seasons (early dry, late dry, early
rain and late rain) for three years (19992001), were evaluated. Hatchability was
significantly affected by season (P<0.05).
the late rainy and late dry seasons were
better than the early dry and early rainy
seasons. In the third experiment. Japanese
quail eggs were set in the incubator as
follows: broad end up (A), horizontally (B)
and narrow end up (C). The "A" position of
egg setting was better for hatchability. The
Refrigerated eggs maintained good internal
quality throughout the preservation period
followed by the oil coated eggs and the best
season for Japanese quail eggs fertility was
the late rainy season.
The presence, role, husbandry and
management practices, problems and
prospects of indigenous turkey production
in Bauchi state, were investigated by means
of
on-site
assessment
and
orally
administered structured questionnaires.
Series of experiments were also conducted
at the research farm of Abubakar Tafawa
Balewa University. Bauchi to investigate
differences in Semen Characteristics.
fertility following Artificial Insemination
(Al) and sensitivity of semen microbes to
antibiotics in the indigenous and large
Holland white (LHW) breed of turkeys The
results revealed a strong interest in the
production of indigenous turkeys within the
study area. Distribution of turkey
population among local government areas
(LGA) was highly significant (P< 0.01) in
favor of Bauchi and Toro LGA' Significant
difference (P<0.05) was also observed in
turkey population distribution among
zones, with the Western zone recording the
highest value The male female ratio differed
significantly (P<0.01) among the zones.
favoring more females than males with the
exception of the Northern zone Semen
volume. total sperm per ejaculate. OSO. TLS
and TLNS were higher and significant at
various levels, in favor of LHW breed. No
differences between breeds were observed
for sperm motility. sperm concentration,
percent abnormal cells and Live/dead
spermatozoa The A1 trial showed that
percentage fertility and hatchability were
highly significant between breed (PS 0 01)
With LHW recording 65.94 and 64.84 as
against 48.00 and 5625(%) for the
indigenous breed respectr, ely The bactena
Isolate, Enterobacter spp, was only
34.
Soge,
Oluwatouin
Abosede PGS/99/1
02030
Comparative
July,
Performance
of 2003
Growing
Rabbits
Fed
Diets
Containing
Urea
Treated
and
Untreated Cowpea
Husk
susceptible to Ciproxine (Cip) and
Genramycin (GN) These could therefore be
used In the control of bacteria in turkey
semen majority of respondents wished to
expand their block size but were
constrained mainly by lack of capital, high
poulty mortality resulting from disease and
theft.
The experiment was conducted to evaluate
the effect of varying levels of untreated
cowpea husk (UTCH) and urea treated
cowpea husk (TCH) in the diets on growth
performance, nutrient digestibility, organ
weights, histo-pathological studies and
blood biochemical profile in rabbits. Twenty
rabbits were randomly allotted to four diets,
in which UTCH and TCH were included at
40% and 5O% levels respectively, in 2x2
factorial combinations. The daily weight
gains of rabbits were 16.S7, 14.28, 14.63
and 17.S3g for 40% UTCH, 5O% UTCH, 40%
TCH, and 5O% TCH based diets respectively.
The daily weight gain, feed intake and liver
weights were significantly (P<O.OI) affected
by treatment x level interaction. The crude
protein
digestibility,
crude
fibre
digestibility,
nitrogen
free
extract
digestibility, plasma total protein, blood
urea-nitrogen
and
cholesterol
were
significantly affected by the main effects of
treatment and level. However. the
haemoglobin concentration was not
significantly affected by either the main
35.
Bobbo Goniwa Aminu
The Effect Of Some Aug.,
Intrinsic
Factors 2003
and Season on the
Reproductive
Status
and
Haemoparasitic
infection of sheep
at
the
Bauchi
Abattoir
effects or their interaction effects. All the
rabbits fed on the experimental diets gained
weight. The histopathological studies show
that the liver and kidney of rabbits fed the
TCH based diets had necrosis. The results
indicate that TCH could be included into the
diets of rabbits at 5O% level on short-term
period without reduction in performance
and digestibility.
This study was undertaken to determine the
effect of some intrinsic factors and season
on
the
reproductive
status
and
haemoparasitic
infection
of
sheep
slaughtered at Bauchi municipal abattoir. A
total of two hundred and twenty (220)
sheep, comprising 195 Yankasa and 25 Uda
were used. The study was conducted
between February 2001 and February 2002.
There was no significant breed difference in
all the traits observed. Age had significant
effect on follicular number (P<0.001) and
diameter (P<0.01) in Yankasa than in Uda,
but showed no effect on foetal weight,
corpora lutea number, weight of the right
ovary, left ovary, both ovaries and parasitic
infection in both breeds. Body condition
score (Bcs) had significant (P<0.00l) effect
on follicular number, diameter, weight of
the right ovary, both ovaries, and
percentage corpora lutea (P<0.05). Animals
with higher Bcs showed better performance.
Body condition score also had significant
(P<0.001) effect on follicular number,
36.
Adamu
Muhammad
Aminu PGS/0000/10206
8
Prevelence
Of Aug.
Ectoparasites and 2003
Gastrointestinal
Helminths
in
Chickens and the
Efficacy
of
Ivermectin in their
Treatment
diameter and parasitic infection (P<0.05) in
Yankasa than in Uda, and on the right and
both ovaries (P<0.05) in both breeds and
left ovary (P<0.05) in Uda than in Yankasa.
Season significantly affected the right and
both ovaries (P<0.001) left ovary and
parasitic infection. (P<0.05).In addition
season had significant (P<0.05) effect on the
weight of the right ovary and parasitic
infection in Yankasa and both ovaries
(P<0.05) in Uda sheep. Season had
significant (P<0.05) effect on individual
parasitic
infection
with
Theileria,
Anaplasma. Babesia and Trvponosoma
being (22.22%), (17.78%), (17.78%) and
(8.89%) for early dry season; (12.50%),
(18.75%), (8.33%) and (4.17%) for late dry
season; (16.00%), (12.00%), (8.00%) and
(10.00%) for early rainy season and
(7.80%), (14.29%), (5.20%) and (5.20%
)for late rainy season respectively. It was
concluded that, breed, age, Bcs, season and
parasitic burden have detrimental effects
on efficient reproductive performance of
sheep in Bauchi State.
One Hundred and thirty chickens were
investigated
for
ectoparasites
and
gastrointestinal helminths. An experiment
was also conducted to determine efficacy of
Ivermectin on these parasites. Ectoparasites
identified included seven species of lice;
(Menacanthus cornutus, Amyrsidea powelli,
Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae,
37.
Musa Ayuba
PGS/9899/10201
9
Prevalence
of Sept.,
Canine
2003
Gastrointestinal
Helminths of Public
Health Significance
in
Bauchi
Numidilipeurus, tropicalis, Lipeurus caponis
and Cuclotogaster occidentalis) (67%), one
of tick (Argas persicus) (30%), two of mites
Cnemidecoptes mutans and Bdellonyssus
bursa (37%) and one of fleas (Echidnophaga
gallinacea) (12.30%) in a single and mixed
infection patterns. The gastrointestinal
helminths found were Ascaridia galli (15%),
Heterakis gallinea (14.6%), Raillietina
echinobothrida
(13.8%),
Raillietina
tetragona (13.8), Syngamus trachea (5.3%),
Gongylonema
congolese
(11.5%),
Tetramere americana (1.5%) and Subulura
brumpti (14.6%). Twenty four hours after
treatment ivermectin showed 72% and
100% efficacy against lice, mites and fleas at
0.3mg and at O.8mg/kg BW and 0.8mg/kg
BW respectively. Ticks were killed after six
days of the treatment. Helminth egg counts
were reduced to zero (i.e. 100 efficacy) two
days after treatment. The control group had
parasites throughout the duration of the
experiment. The broad-spectrum efficacy of
ivermectin against ectoparasites and
gastrointestinal helminths in other classes
of animals was therefore considered
extended to chickens.
This study was conducted to determine the
prevalence of canine intestinal helminths of
public health significance in Bauchi, Nigeria.
Of the 300 faecal samples and 50
gastrointestinal tracts obtained from
various age groups and of both sexes
Methropolis,
Nigeria
38.
Lah, Sunday
PGS/1020
Prevalence
of Sept.,20
examined, 223 (74.3) and 40 (80.0%) were
positive for infection respectively. A total of
7 worm species were identified based on
eggs seen in faces: Ancylostoma caninum
(29.7%), Spirocerca lupi (14.3%), Toxocara
canis (13.7%), Dipylidium caninum (5.3%),
Toxascaris leonina (5.3%), Trichuris vulpis
(4.3%) and Taenia hydatigena (1.7%).
Those identified by necropsy were
Ancylostoma caninum (42.0%), Spirocerca
lupi (40.0%), Toxocara canis (36.0%),
Taenia ovis (22.0%), Dipylidium caninum
(16.0%), Trichuris vulpis (14.0%), Taenia
hydatigena (12.0%), Strongyloides stercora
lis (8.0%),Echinococcus granulosus (2.0%).
Puppies were more commonly infected with
T canis, A. caninum, and S. lupi than adult
and young dogs at 84.5%), 74.4%;) and
65.5% infection rates respectively (P< 0.05).
Females tended to have a higher infection
rate (77.9%) than males (69.7%). On the
basis of the fairly high prevalence of
Ancylostoma caninum, Spirocerca lupi and
Toxocara canis which are known to be
pathogenic, it was concluded that there was
a potential for widespread clinical parasitic
infections in the area under suitable
conditions. Enormous human population in
the area is exposed to the dangers of canine
parasitic infections already demonstrated to
be zoonotic and observed in the present
study.
A study was conducted from June to
45
Gastrointestinal
03
Helminths in Goats,
in Gombe State
October, 2002 to determine the prevalence
of gastrointestinal helminths in two breeds
of goats, Red Sokoto (RS) and West African
Dwarf (WAD) in Gombe. From the 1,200
faecal samples randomly collected and
examined 537 (44.75%) were positive for
infection using the simple floatation
technique. The helminth parasites recorded
include: Haemonchus/Oesophagostomum
complex
(11.8%),
Trichostrongylus
Cooperia complex (10.9%), Strongyloides
(5.2%), Moniezia (4.6%), Trichuris (3.7%),
Hookworm
(2.5%),
Dicrocoelium
(2.9),Fasciola (2.5%), Paramphistomum
(1.9%) and Avitellina (1.3%) Larval culture
revealed the following four genera of
strongyles; Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus,
Oesophagostomum and Hookworm, while
actual
worm
recovery
from
10
representative samples of the strongyles
revealed the following species: Haemonchus
contortus,
Oesophagostomum
columbianum,
Trichostrongylus,
colubriformis and Gaigeria pachyscelis.
Others
include
Trichuris
globulosa,
Moniezia
expansa,
Paramphistomum
microbothrium
and
Strongyloides
papillosus. Young goats (51.1%) were
commonly infected than adults (38.3%).
The difference was significant (P<0.00l).
Males had a higher infection rate (48.1%)
than Females (41.33%), but the difference
was not significant. Similarly there was no
39.
Erakpotobor,
Whyte
Patrick PGS97/10
2011
Growth
and Sept.,
Carcass
2003
Characteristics of
Rabbits
Fed
Varying Levels of
Groundnut Haulms
significant difference between RS (48.6%)
and WAD (41.5%) Blood parameters
between breed and sex also did not differ
significantly. On the basis of the fairly high
(P<0.00l)
prevalence
of
Haemonchus/Oesophagostomum
and
Trichostrongylus, it was concluded that
these parasites are prevalent in the study
area. Similarly young ones were more
commonly infected. Control measures and
anthelmintic dosing should be encouraged
on this group.
A 71-day feeding trial was carried out to
determine the growth and carcass
characteristics of rabbits fed varying levels
of groundnut haulms. Twenty-five, 6-8 week
old rabbits, averaging 770g-992g each were
allotted five treatment groups of five rabbits
per group. Each group was replicated five
times. The animals were placed on five
treatment diets of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% 80%
inclusion rates of groundnut haulms
designated T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5,
respectively. Observed parameters included
feed intake, weight gain, water intake,
analysis of cut-up parts, feed efficiency and
carcass dressing percentage. the mean
values for daily feed intake of 77.0g, 80,9g,
82.0g, 85.9g and 82.7g or T1, T2, T3, T4, and
T5
respectively
differed
significantly(p<0’001) Treatments. The
average daily weight gain values of 13 .9g,
15.1 g, 13.2g, 12.4g and 10.6g for T1, T2, T3,
40.
Najime
Dooshima PGS/00Tavershima
01/10205
8
Effects of Different Jan.,
Processing
2004
Methods
of
Soyabeans
on
Growth
Performance
of
Broiler Chickens
T4, and T5, respectively differed significantly
(P<0.05) between treatments. Water
intakes of 131,151,150,164 and 200 ml/day
for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, differed
significantly (P<0.001). There was no
significant difference in the dressing
percentage due to dietary treatment. Mean
carcass values of 1.03kg, 0.95kg, 1.08kg,
0.68kg and 0.70kg recorded for T1, T2, T3 T4
and T5, respectively differed significantly
(P<0.001). Mean feed efficiency values of
5.69, 5.40, 5.94, 6.95 and 7.97 for
treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively
differed significantly (P<0.05). There was no
mortality
recorded
throughout
the
experimental period. It was concluded that
up to 60% of groundnut haulms can be
incorporated into the diet of growing
rabbits.
The effects of different processing methods
of full-fat soyabean on growth performance
of boilers chicken were investigated. Five
diets were formulated in which the major
sources of protein were, soya bean meal
(Diet 1), full fat soyabeans roasted for 30
minutes (Diet 2) or 40 minutes (Diet 3) at
initial sand temperature of l00DC; full fat
soya bean cooked in boiling water for 30
minutes (Diet 4) or 40 minutes (Diet 5).
Two hundred day-old Anak 2000 broiler
chicks were randomly allotted to the five
dietary treatments. These were replicated
four times with ten birds per replicate in a
41.
Shall, Shehu Isa
PG/10204
3
The Replacement March,
Value of Millet For 2004
Maize in Broiler
Diets
completely randomized design. The
experiment lasted for 56 days. Results
obtained showed that birds on treatments 5
(cooking for 40 minutes) and 1 (control)
had significantly higher final body weight
than birds on other diets. Feed conversions
efficiency was significantly better in birds
on treatments 5 and 1. The lowest feed cost
(W/bird) was obtained in birds on
treatment 4 (W 161.76\bird) and the
highest in birds on treatment 1 (control).
The results of carcass characteristics of
birds showed that the processing methods
had no effect on live weight. Based on the
results, soyabean processed locally through
cooking in boiling water for 40 minutes
gave the best performance when included in
broiler diet.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate
the replacement value of pearl millet for
maize in the diets of broiler chickens. Millet
was incorporated at 0,25,50,75 and 100
levels of replacement for maize. Two
hundred Anak 2000 broiler chicks were
randomly allotted to five dietary treatments
with forty chicks per treatment (four
replicates per treatment). Feed and water
were supplied ad-Libitum and the
experiment lasted for a period of eight
weeks. At the starter phase, daily feed
intake (52.08-59.15g), daily weight gain
(20.37-26.31 g) and feed conversion ratio
(2.31-2.80) were significantly affected.
42.
Mamason Cheou
PGS/0001/10205
9
Effect of Groundnut May,
Haulms
2004
Supplemented with
Maize Bran on the
Growth of Goasts.
However at the finisher phase, both daily
weight gain (33.60-39.95g) and feed
conversion ratio (3.19-3.74) were not
influenced by the dietary treatments except
for daily feed intake (125.18-127.94g)
which was significantly (P<0.001) affected.
The overall performance showed that daily
feed intake (91.13-93.85g) was affected
(P<0.001), while daily weight gain and feed
conversion ratio were not influenced by the
dietary treatments. All the carcass
parameters were not affected except the
liver (P<0.001), intestinal weight (P<0.050)
and abdominal fat (P<0.05) which were
affected. It was concluded that millet could
completely. (100) replace maize in the diet
of
broilers
without
compromising
performance
and
with
concomitant
reduction in feed cost.
The experiment was conducted to
investigate the growth performance and
nutrient digestibility in Red Sokoto goats
fed diets containing varying levels of maize
bran. Four diets were formulated in which
maize bran was included at(10°;1), 30 and
50. Sixteen Red Sokoto goats were
randomly alloicd to the four dietary blocks
with four animals per block in a
Randomized Complete Block Design
(R.C13.D). Dry matter intake which ranged
from 344.79g to 477.88g, crude protein
from 44.08g to 61.07g and Ash from 26.77g
to 39g were significantly affected by the
43.
Adamu Umar Abdullahi
PGS/9899/10202
0
Surveillance
of June,
Trypanosomiasis in 2004
White Fulani Cattle,
in Toro LGA of
Bauchi State
varying levels of maize bran (P<0.05). Dry
matter digestibility ranged from 57.10 to.
85.45, crude protein digestibility, 35.37 to
61.83 and Ash digestibility 14.78 to 49.33
and these values were also affected by the
varying levels of maize bran. There was no
significant (Terence among the blocks.
Based on the result of weight gain and
nutrient digestibility it may be concluded
that goats fed diet containing 50 maize bran
gave the best performance.
A survey was conducted between
November, 2000 and May, 2001 to
determine
infection
rates,
species
responsible for the infections and to assess
their clinical and economic significance.
Three hundred (300) Bunji cattle were bled
through the jugular vein and Sml of blood
collected into bijour bottle containing
ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as
anticoagulant, during the dry season in 24
herds. Standard Trypanosome Detection
Methods (STDM) were employed to identify
the organisms. Out of the 300 animals
screened, 141 (47.0) were found to be
infected with trypanosomes where 7S(SS.l)
were due to T. vivax, 30(22.1) T. congolense,
31(22.8) T. brucei. Other blood parasites
also occurred as mixed infections of Babesia
bovis. Anaplasma marginale. The overall
result indicates that trypanosome infection
rates were significantly (P<0.001) higher in
Jama,a District, followed by very significant
44.
Yakubu Bobboi
PGS/0001/10206
2
Prevalence
of Nov.,
Neweastle Disease 2004
Antibody in Local
Chickens in Bauchi
State
(P<0.0l) in Lame District and lowest
significant (P<0.05) prevalence was in Toro
District respectively, were observed. It is
recommended that strict veterinary
supervision and assistance of competent
veterinary personnel should be sought for
when administering trypanocidal drugs.
Screening of animals before embarking on
medication should be carried out. On the
other hand, Government should be engaged
in periodic surveillance of trypanosomiasis
and its vector for effective control measures.
The study was conducted to investigate the
performance and carcass yield of broilers
fed diets containing varying levels of ureatreated and untreated rice offal. Five diets
were formulated in which untreated rice
offal (UNTRO) was .included at 10, 12.5, and
15 for treatments 1,2 and 3 and ureatreated rice offal (UTRO) at 12.5, and 15 for
treatments 4 and 5 respectively in both
starter and finisher rations. Two hundred
day-old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were
randomly allotted to the dietary treatments
with four replications of 10 birds per
replicate in a completely randomised
design. Results show that birds fed diets
containing 12.5 UTRO had a significantly (P
<.0.001) better average daily weight, feed
conversion ratio (FeR) and dressing
percentage than birds on other treatment
diets. There was also a significant increase
in gizzard weights, gut weights, gut lengths,
45.
Adamu Ibrahim Bawa
PGS/9798/10201
2
Prevelence
of Nov.,
Newcastle Disease 2004
Antibody in Local
Chickens in Bauchi
State
and ceacal lengths at higher level of
inclusion of UNTRO, while the liver, heart,
kidney, abdominal fat and ceacal weights
were not affected. The feed cost (oW/kg)
decreased with increase in rice offal
inclusion for both UNTRO and UTRO, but
feed cost per kg gain (N/gain) increased
with increase in the levels of UNTRO. Based
on the results of weight gain, dressing
percentage and cost of feed per kg gain
(N/gain) UTRO at 12.5 inclusion gave the
best result.
A study to investigate the prevalence of
Newcastle Disease in Bauchi State was
conducted
in
five
selected
Local
Government Areas of the State between
March, 2000 and February, 2002. The Local
government areas included were Alkaleri
(located in the eastern part of Bauchi
Municipal city), Dass and Tafawa Balewa (at
the Southern Part), Gajuma (at the Western
Part of the State capital) and Misau Local
Government Area (located on the Northern
part). Four local government areas
(Alkaleri, Dass, Tafawa Balewa and
Ganjuwa) belong to the same agroclimatological Guinea Savannah region,
while Misau Local government area is in the
Sudan Savannah.
One thousand, two hundred and fifty
(1,250) local chicken sera samples from the
five selected local government areas of
Bauchi State were used in detecting the
46.
Idi Saidu
PGS/0102/10209
7
Performance And Nov.,
Carcass
2004
Characteristics of
Broilers Fed Two
antibody to the Newcastle disease virus,
using the heamagglutination test method.
The samples were collected during the wet
and dry seasons of the two years.
The results showed that the disease was
present and infection had taken place with
an overall serum antibody level of 28.72.
The prevalence fluctuated seasonally and
varied from year to year. It was noted that
during the two years studied the wet season
had a orevalence of 38.3 and 26.19 while
this was 25.8 and 25.5 for the dry season,
respectively. Birds of the ages 13-24 and
>48 months were observed to have been
mostly affected The difference was
statistically
significant
(P<0.05).
Furthermore, the result showed that only
local
chickens
from
Misau
Local
Government Area had a mean antibody
against death from challenge by virulent
Newcastle Disease virus .
It is concluded that since the disease is
present effort should be intensified to
combat the disease especially in those local
government areas with high negative titres
for the disease as the circulating Newcastle
disease virus strains are capable of causing
high morbidity and mortality in unprotected
flocks.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate
the performance and carcass characteristics
of broilers fed different energy source based
diets. One hundred and eighty Anak 2000
Types
Each
of
Maize, Millet and
Sorghum As Main
Energy Sources
broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six
dietary treatments. Each diet contained one
each of yellow maize, white maize, dauro
millet, pearl millet, white sorghum and red
sorghum. Thirty broilers were allotted to
each treatment with ten birds per replicate.
At the starter phase, feed intake (48.9556.08g) daily weight gain (22.60-27.88g)
and feed conversion ratio (1.96-2.37)
between diets were statistically similar. The
corresponding values of 121.10-134.88g,
28.21-35.39g and 3.28-4.47 at the finisher
phase were similarly not affected by dietary
treatments.
Carcass
characteristics
measured, live-weight, plucked-weight,
carcass weight, dressing percentage,
gizzard, liver, heart, abdominal fat, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, lungs and pancreas
also did not differ statistically. Feed cost per
kilogramme gain were also not statistically
different between dietary treatments
thought slightly highest in diet one (133.29)
and lowest in diet five (117.53). The results
generally indicate that there was no
difference between maize, millet and
sorghum in terms of the parameters
considered. Since maize is the major source
of
conventional
energy
used
and
competition exists between man and
poultry for maize, the use of millet and
sorghum could be advocated to replace
maize. They are less expensive and less
demanded as competition for maize
47.
Agwom Markus Sambo
PGS/1020
56
The Performance of Sept.
Broilers
Fed 2005
Varying Levels of
Pigeon Pea Seed
Meal Diets
between man poultry.
The experiment was conducted to evaluate
the performance of broiler birds fed varying
levels of pigeon pea seed meal (PPSM)
based diets. Pigeon pea seed meal was
incorporated at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 levels
designated as diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
respectively. Two hundred Anak, 2000
broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five
dietary treatment with forty chicks per
treatment (four replicates per treatment).
Feed and water were supplied ad-libitum
and the experiment lasted for nine weeks.
At the starter phase, both daily feed intake
(47.68 - 49.68g) and feed conversion ratio
(2,74 - 3,05) were not influenced by dietary
treatment except for daily weight gain
(15.57 - 18.17g), which was significantly
(P<0.005) affected. However, at the finisher
phase, daily feed intake (148.56 - 152.56g),
daily weight gain (42.07 - 46.71g) and feed
conversion ratio (3.2 - 3.57) were not
affected. The overall performance showed
no significant deference in feed intake,
weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Most
of the carcass parameters were not affected
except the lungs (P<0.01), kidney (P<0.001),
intestinal length, ceacal length and gizzard
weight (P<0.05) which were affected. The
feed cost (Kg gain) decreased with
increasing level of PPSM. It was concluded
that PPS\1 could be included at up to 40
level in the diet of broilers without affecting
48.
Isah Ladan Dalhatu
PGS/0102/10208
4
Prevalence
of Oct.,
Fascioliasis
and 2005
Dicrocoliasis
in
cattle Slaughtered
at Bauchi Abattoir
performance attributes and carcass yield
with concomitant reduction in feed cost.
This study was conducted to determine the
prevalence of bovine fascioliasis and
dicrocoeliosis in cattle slaughtered at
Bauchi abattoir. Of the 960 each of faecal
and liver samples obtained from both male
and female animals of various age groups,
344 (35.83) and 588 (6l.25) were
respectively positive for Fasciola gigantica,
while 30 (3.1 ) and 21 (2.19) were positive
for Dicrocoelium hospes respectively.
Results of both faecal and necropsy
examination have shown that the rates of
infection due to Fasciola gigantica were
higher among young cattle (58.49) than
adults (28.94) from faecal samples, and
70.09 compared to 58.56 from liver
samples, the difference being statistically
significance (P < 0.05). Female had
significantly (P < 0.05) higher infection
rates due to Fasciola gigantica than males in
both feacal (37.60 vs. 32.65) and necropsy
(69.04 vs 49.27) examinations. Of the 588
infected livers examined, 560 (92.24) and
28 (4.76) were partially and totally
condemned respectively. The results
indicate that infection due to Fasciola
gigantica was more prevalent than
Dicrocoelium hospes and young animals
were more vulnerable to infection as
compared to adult with Fasciola gigantica.
Estimated total losses due to infection
49.
Shu’aibu,
Tamburawa
Muazu PGS/0102/10208
5
Performance and Dec.,
Carcass
2005
Characteristics of
Rabbits Fed Diets
Containing
Different
Proportion
of
Cowpea Shell and
Groundnut Shell
amounted to N301,587.50 for the period of
study. On the basis of the fairly high
prevalence of Fasciola gigantica infection
which is known to be pathogenic, it was
concluded that there was a potential for
widespread clinical parasitic infection in the
area under suitable conditions.
An experiment was conducted to investigate
the performance and carcass characteristics
of rabbits fed diets containing different
proportions of cowpea shell (CPS) and
groundnut shell (GNS). Thirty-two mongrel
rabbits were randomly allotted to four diets
in which GNS replaced CPS at 0, 33, 66, and
100 levels designated as diets 1, 2, 3 and 4
respectively. Feed and water were supplied
ad-libitum and the experiment lasted for
seven weeks. Feed intake (63.97-67.89g)
was significantly (P<0.05) depressed on diet
4 (100 GNS level). However, daily weight
gain (8.75-11.79g) and feed conversion
ratio (5.90-7.54) were not affected by the
dietary treatments. Similarly, dry matter
digestibility (68.93-80.96), crude protein
digestibility (74.47-89.99), and crude fibre
digestibility (63.88-79.60) were not
affected. Most of the carcass characteristics
measured were not affected by the dietary
treatments except dressing percentage
(38.38-43.28) and stomach weight (1.221.61 Body weight) which were significantly
(P<0.05) affected. The feed cost in Naira per
kilogram gain was highest on diet 4 (100
50.
Abdulazeez,
AbdulRazaq
PGS/0102/10209
3
Effect
of
Urea Dec.,
Treatment
on 2005
Chemical
Composition and
Rumen
degradability
of
Maize Husk and
Maize Cobs
GNS) and lowest on diet 3 (66 GNS) being
W21 0.90 and W 172.37 respectively. The
result showed that GNS could replace CPS at
up to 66 level in the diet of rabbits without
depression of performance and carcass
yield but with concomitant reduction in feed
cost associated with raising rabbits.
An experiment was conducted to determine
the effect of urea treatment on chemical
composition and rumen degradability of
maize husk and maize cobs. Samples of
maize husk and maize cobs were collected
and sun-dried followed by reduction in
particle size. The samples were then
analysed to determine their chemical
composition. Samples of maize husk and
maize cobs were treated with varying levels
of urea (2.4 and 6 w/w) and ensiled in airtight polythene bags at different periods (7,
14 and 21 days). Treated samples were then
analysed to determine the effect of
treatments on their chemical composition
(crude protein, Neutral Detergent Fibre,
Acid Detergent Fibre and Hemicellulose).
Rates of rumen degradation ('C') of the
maize husk and maize cobs were then
determined at various time intervals of 6,
12, 24, 48 and 72 hours using two fistulated
bulls. Results indicated that urea treatment
at 6 for 21 days of ensilage gave the highest
crude protein and hemicellulose content for
both maize husk and maize cobs, though
that of maize husk was higher (P <0.01)
51.
Dauda, Sa’adatu
PGS/1020
22
Nutritional
May,
Evaluation
of 2005
Bambaranut
in
Diets of Broiler
Chickens
while the hemicellulose contents for both
samples were the same. The result of the
rumen incubation indicated that rate of
degradation of maize husk ('C') was higher
than that of maize cobs. It was concluded
that urea treatment at 6 for 21 days ensilage
could improve the nutritive value of maize
husk and maize cobs significantly. It was
also concluded that maize husk degrades
faster in the rumen compared to maize cobs.
An experiment was conducted at the
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
research farm Bauchi to evaluate the
performance and carcass characteristics of
broilers fed varying levels of bambaranut
based diets. Bambaranut was included at 0,
20, 30, 40 and 50 levels. A total of one
hundred and fifty Anak 2000 day-old chicks
were randomly allotted to five treatments
groups with 30 birds per treatment group
(replicated three times) in a completely
randomized design. At the starter phase,
daily feed intake (72.06-81.76g), daily
weight gain (18.71-20.63g) and feed
conversion
ratio
(2.38-2.80)
were
significantly (P<0.001) influenced by the
dietary treatments. The overall performance
showed that daily feed intake (112.43122.61g) and daily weight gain (38.3441.78g) were not affected except for the
feed conversion ratio (2.73-3.10) that was
significantly (P<0.05) reduced by the
different inclusion levels of bambaranut. All
52.
Karsin Paul Doro
PGS/0001/10206
4
The Performance of May,
Japanese
Quails 2005
Fed Granded Levels
of Pigeon Pea Meal
Based Diets
the carcass parameters measured were not
significantly affected by the dietary
treatments. There was no mortality during
the feeding trial. Feed cost in Naira per
kilogram gain tended to increase with
increasing levels of bambaranut. The results
indicated that boiled white bambaranut
could be incorporated in the diets of
broilers at 50 level without adverse effect
on growth performance and carcass yield.
However, 30 level of inclusion of
bambaranut on the diet was found to be
more economical.
A study was conducted to determine the
performance of Japanese quails fed graded
levels of pigeon pea meal (Cajanus cajan)
based diets. Six hundred (600) day old un
sexed quail chicks were used for the study.
They were randomly allotted to five dietary
treatments, with each treatment having four
replications of thirty (30) birds per replicate
in a completely randomised design. The
treatment diets were isocaloric and
isonitrogenous with the inclusion of
processed (extruded) pigeon pea seed meal
at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40. Parameters taken
include feed intake, weight gain, feed
conversion ratio, Carcass yield and early lay
characteristics. The economic analysis of
using pigeon pea was also and egg weight,
9.05 ,9.28g) respectively were similarly not
determined. Results showed that final body
weight gains (225.45 - 250.45g) were not
53.
Abubakar
Mohammed
Sadiq PGS/1020
52
Semen
August,
Characteristics And 2005
Fertility of Three
Strains of Guinea
Fowls and Their
Distribution
in
Bauchi State
significantly (P > 0.05) affected by dietary
levels of pigeon pea meal (PPM). Overall
feed intake (15.66 - 16.25g) and feed
conversion ratio (4.95 - 5.19) were also not
significantly (P>0.05) affected by the dietary
levels. Dressing percentage of (36.10 43.74°;(l), drumstick (12.72 - 13.96), thigh
(16.93 - 18.71) and breast (33.24- 35.84) as
well as the early lay characteristics (hen
day, 51.73 - 62.27 significantly (P > 0.05)
affected by the dietary levels of pigeon pea
meal. The economic analysis indicated a
decrease in the cost of feed per kilogram of
the diet as the PPM inclusion level
increased. It was concluded that PPM, a
promising plant protein source could be
included at 40 level in the diets of quails
without depression of performance but with
a concomitant reduction in feed cost.
Series of experiments were conducted to
investigate the effect of strain, period of
insemination and semen doses on fertility,
hatchability and dead in shell of Guinea fowl
in Bauchi for a period of 12 months
(September 2002-September 2003). Three
strains of Guinea cocks, improved pearl
strain (IPS), Local lavender strain (LLS) and
local pearl strain (LPS) were used.
Traits evaluated were semen volume,
colour, motility, sperm concentration,
percent
live/dead,
percent
normal/abnormal sperm, pH and body
weights.
54.
Yerima, Ali Zarma
PGS/0202/10201
21
Replacement Value August,
of
Grasshopper 2005
Meal for Fish Meal
in Broiler Diet
The results showed that there were
significant strain difference (P<0.001) in
live
weight
being
1.82±0.08kg,
1.28±0.003kg and 1.43+003kg for IPS, LLS
and LPS respectively. Significant strain
differences (P<0.001) were obtained in
semen
volume being
0.60±0.002ml,
0.44+0.50ml and 0.50±0.004ml; and sperm
concentration being 2.80+0.01 x 108,
2.07+0.01 x I 08 and 2.40±0.0 1 xl08 for IPS,
LLS LPS respectively. Fertility among the
strains were significantly different (P<0.05)
being
70.83+0.42,
67.36±0.42
and
64.01±0.42 for IPS, LPS and LLS Guinea
cocks
respectively.
Semen
volume
correlated positively (r=0.996) with sperm
concentration. The fertility of the 0.2ml AI
dose was significantly better (P<0.05) than
O.lml AI dose being 69.20 versus 65.60 and
the hatchability of the 0.2ml AI dose was
significantly better than O.lml Al dose being
44.27 and 40.04%.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate
the performance and carcass characteristics
of broilers fed varying levels of grasshopper
meal at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100. Two hundred
(200) Anak 2000 broilers were randomly
allotted to five dietary treatments replicated
four times each with ten birds per replicate
in a completely randomized design. Feed
and water were given ad-libitum and the
experiment lasted for eight weeks. At
starter phase, daily feed intake (57.4-60.3g),
55.
Goska,Dauda Yusufu
PGS/0001/10206
0
Feed
Intake, August,
Weight Gain and 2005
Nutrient
Digestibility in Red
Sokoto Goats Fed
Woolly
Finger
grass with Protein
Supplements
daily weight gain (17.9-20.2g) and feed
conversion ratio (2.9-3.4) between diets
were
statistically
similar.
The
corresponding values of daily feed intake
(135.5- 146.lg), daily weight gain (34.545.8g) and feed conversion ratio (3.2-4.5) at
finisher phase were also statistically similar
though there was a slight variation among
the diets. Carcass characteristics measured,
live-weight,. plucked-weight carcass weight,
dressing percentage, gizzard, liver, heart
abdominal fat, kidney, ,lungs and pancreas
also did not differ statistically, with the
exception of gastro intestinal tract that
showed significant difference among the
diets (P<0.05). Total feed intake (4.805.13kg), feed cost (~/kg) 50.30-51.70 and
feed cost naira per kilogramme gain (116137.75) were also not statistically different
between dietary treatments. The results
suggest that grasshopper meal can
completely replace fish meal in broiler diets
without affecting the performance.
Twenty Red Sokoto Goats (aged between 10
and 19 months and weighing an average of
12.00kg), were randomly assigned to five
dietary treatments in a conpletely
randomized design, to determine the effect
of two types of protein supplements (cotton
seed cake and blood meal) and their various
combination on feed intake, growth and
nutrient utilization by goats fed basal diet of
fresh wooly finger grass (Oigitaria smutsii).
The dietary treatment groups were cotton
seed cake (CC) only blood meal (BM) only
and combination ratios of cotton seed cake
and bloods meal (CB) 1: 1, 2: 1 and 1 :2. The
growth trial which lasted 91 days showed
that total dry matter intake (OMT) (g/hd),
crude protein intake (~PI) (g/hd) and feed
conversion ratio (FCR) were similar across
treatments. Significant (P<0.05) difference
in daily weight gain (g/hd) was only noticed
between the goats fed ratio 1:2 and BM. The
result of the metabolism trial showed that
there were no significant (P>O.05)
differences in the apparent digestibility of
dry matter (OMO), organic matter (OMO),
neutral detergent fibre (NOFO) and acid
detergent fibre (AOFO). Crude protein
digestibility (CPO) were significantly
(P<O.05) higher in the goats fed CC only and
BM only than in the goats fed the mixtures.
Faecal nitrogen in the goats fed CB 2:1 was
significantly (P<O.05) higher than in those
fed BM only. There were significant
(P<O.05) treatment effect on the values of
volatile fatty acids (VFA) , five hours after
feeding and those of rumen pH. However no
treatment effect (P>O.05) was noticed on
rumen ammonia values. In conclusion, the
results of the studies indicate that feeding
cotton seed cake and blood meal in
concentrate in ratio 1:2 may enhance the
growth performance of goats.
56.
Abdu, Adamu Guda
PGS/1020
87
Utilization
of Dec.,
Sorghum
Milling 2005
Waste By Broiler
Chickens
An experiment was conducted to study the
performance and carcass characteristics of
broilers fed sorghum milling waste (SMW)
based diets. Five isonitrogenous diets for
both starter (23CP) and finisher (21 CP)
phases were formulated in which SMW was
included at 0,S,10,lS and 20 levels,
designated as diets A,B,C,D and E
respectively for the starter phase, and at 0,1
0, IS,20 and 2S levels, also designated as
diets A,B,C,D and E respectively for the
finisher phase. Two hundred Anak 2000
broiler chicks were randomly assigned to
the dietary treatments each replicated four
times in a completely randomized design.
Feed and water were supplied ad libitum
and the feeding trial lasted for ten weeks.
The daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed
conversion ratio and mortality were
statistically similar in both starter and
finisher phases and in the combined phase.
Birds fed 20 SMW diets had significantly (P
< O.OS) higher plucked weight (2.08kg) and
carcass weight (I.S6kg). The control group
(0 SMW) had higher (P<O.OS) gizzard
weight, while kidney weight was higher
(P<O.OOl) in the S SMW dietary group, and
the weight of the pancreas was higher
(P<O.OS) in the 2S SMW dietary group. The
feed cost in naira per kilogram (N/kg)
decreased with increasing levels of SMW,
but the feed cost in naira per kilogram gain
(N Ikg gain) increased when SMW was
57.
Turaki, Iliya Sule
PGS/0102/10206
6S
Effect of Varying Dec.,
Levels of Benni 2005
seed As A Source of
Methionine on the
Performance and
Carcass
Characteristics of
Broilers
included above 20 in the diet. Based on the
results of feed intake, weight gain, feed
utilization and the feed cost in naira per kg
gain it can be concluded that SMW could be
included at up to 2S level in the diet of
broilers without reduction in performance
and carcass yield. However 20 level of
inclusion seemed to be the most economical
level of inclusion of sorghum milling waste
in broiler diets.
An experiment was conducted at the
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Research Farm to evaluate the growth
performance and carcass characteristics of
broilers fed various levels of benniseed
meal as a dietary source of methionine.
Benniseed was included at 0, 2.5, S, 7.S and
10 levels. Two hundred Anak 2000 broiler
chicks were randomly allotted to the five
dietary treatments with forty birds per
treatment (four replicates per treatment), in
a completely randomized design. At the
starter phase, daily feed intake (37.6-46.6g;
P<O.OO 1), daily weight gain (1S.8-22.3g;
P<O.OOI) and feed conversion ratio (2.0-2.4;
P<O.OS) were affected. Similarly, at the
finisher phase, daily feed intake (87.910S.8g), daily weight gain (21.2-36g) and
feed conversion ratio (2.9-4.2) were
significantly (P<O.OO 1) affected. Most of
the carcass characteristics measured were
not affected (P>O.OS) except dressing
percentage, intestinal weight and length,
58.
Aminu Maidala
PGS/0102/10209
4
Effects of Types Dec.,
and
Levels
of 2005
Ruman Digesta on
the growth and
Carcass
Characteristics of
Rabbits
gizzard and caecai length that were
significantly affected (P<0.05). The results
indicate that benniseed meal could be
included at 10 level to replace commercial
(synthetic) methionine in broiler diets
without adverse effects on performance and
carcass yield.
An experiment was conducted to investigate
the growth, nutrient digestibility and
carcass yields of rabbits fed six diets
containing rumen digesta from goat, sheep
and cattle each included at 30°;;) and 40°/c)
levels. Forty eight mongrel rabbits were
randomly allotted to six diets in a 3 x 2
factorial in a completely randomized design.
The parameters determined were daily feed
intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion
ratio and mortality rate. Results showed
that daily feed intake (62.75-76.50), daily
weight gain, (8.30-10.77) and feed
conversion ratio (6.72-8.88) were not
affected by the type and level of rumen
digesta. The dressing percentage (38.3752.86). and carcass weights (531.25775.00) were not affected by the types x
levels interactions. The differences in
dressing percentage and carcass weight due
to main effect of types of rumen digesta was
highly significant CP <0.0 I). Most of the
carcass characteristics measured were not
affected by the types and 'levels of rumen
digesta except the small intestine (3.504.41), lungs (0.42-1.34) and head (7.72-
59.
Garba Adamu
PGS/0102/10201
06
Effect of Various Dec.,
Levels of Cooked 2005
Sweet Patato Meal
On
the
Performance and
Carcass
Characteristics of
Broilers
9.25) which were affected (P<0.05) bv the
dietary treatments. The main effects of
types and levels of rumen digesta did not
affect 1110st of the parameters studied. The
digestibility of dry matter (64.05-77.47)
crude protein (63.48-80.48) and crude fibre
(41.69-6.7.96) were not affecte~ by the
types and levels of rumen digesta. The main
effects on digestibility of dry matter and
crude protein were significant (P<0.05) and
digestibility of crude fibre was highly
significant'CP<O.OI). Rumen digesta of
cattle. sheep and goat could he included at
up to 40 in the diet of growing rabbit
without adverse effect on performance and
carcass yield.
An experiment was conducted to investigate
the effect of cooked sweet potato meal
(CSPM) on performance. carcass yield and
organ
weights
of
broilers.
Five
isonitrogenous diets for both starter
(23%CP) and finisher (20%CP) phases were
lllrmulated and CSPM was included at O.
15,20,25. and 30 levels designated as diet],
2. 3.4 and 5 respectively. Two hundred dayold Anak 2000 broiler chicks were
randomly assigned to the five treatments
and each replicated four times with 10 birds
per replicate In a completely randomized
design. Feed and water were supplied adlibium and the experiment lasted for eight
weeks. At the starter phase, daily feed
intake (65.65-71.75g), daily weight gain
(24.l4-30.79g) and feed conversion ratios
(2.32-2.78) were not significantly affected.
The corresponding values of 126.87. 141.73g, 32.73 - 41.61g and 3.22-4.35
respectively obtained at the finisher phase
were similarly not significantly affected by
the dietary treatments. Also. the combined
starter and finisher phases showed that feed
intake (99.53-105.30g), daily weight gain
(30.71-36.96g) and feed conversion
ratios(2.1-3.33) followed the same trend.
Final live weight (1.77-1.86kg), plucked
weight (1.64-I.72kg) carcass weight (1.221.29kg) and dressing percentage (68.0071.10) showed no significant difference
among the treatment means. Internal organ
weights expressed as a percentage of body
weights were not significantly different
except the (P>0.01), Length or the small
intestine (189.022~.5cm)(P>0.05)and
lungs (0.46 - 0.77) (P>0.001). There were a
significant (P<O'()OI) differences in feed
cost (N/kg feed) (39.08-47.85), total feed
cost (N 197.32-248.80) (P<0.0l) and feed
cost in Naira per kg gain (Nl15.57-138.57)
(P<0.00l). The results indicated that CSPM
may he included in the diet of broilers up to
30 level, without depression on the
performance tine! carcass yield, but with II
concomitant reduction in Iced cost
associated with raising broilers.
60.
Shu’aibu,
Muazu PGS/01-
Performance
and Dec.,
An experiment was conducted to investigate
61.
Tamburawa
02/10208
5
Carcass
2005
Characteristics of
Rabbits Fed Diets
Containing
Different
Proportions
of
Cowpea Shell and
Groundnut Shell
Weka, Lawunka Paul
PGS/00-
Incidence of Gross July,
the performance and carcass characteristics
of rabbits fed diets containing different
proportions of cowpea shell (CPS) and
groundnut shell (GNS). Thirty-two mongrel
rabbits were randomly allotted to four diets
in which GNS replaced CPS at 0, 33, 66, and
100 levels designated as diets 1, 2, 3 and 4
respectively. Feed and water were supplied
ad-libitum and the experiment lasted for
seven weeks. Feed intake (63.97-67.89g)
was significantly (P<0.05) depressed on diet
4 (100 GNS level). However, daily weight
gain (8.75-11.79g) and feed conversion
ratio (5.90-7.54) were not affected by the
dietary treatments. Similarly, dry matter
digestibility (68.93-80.96), crude protein
digestibility (74.47-89.99), and crude fibre
digestibility (63.88-79.60) were not
affected. Most of the carcass characteristics
measured were not affected by the dietary
treatments. except dressing percentage
(38.38-43.28) and stomach weight (1.221.61 Body weight) which were significantly
(p<0.05) affected. The feed cost in Naira per
kilogram gain was highest on diet 4 (100
GNS) and lowest on diet 3 (66 GNS) being
W210.90 and W 172.37 respectively. The
result showed that GNS could replace CPS at
up to 66 level in the diet of rabbits without
depression of periormance and carcass
yield but with concomitant reduction in feed
cost associated with raising rabbits.
An ante mortem and post-mortem
01/10261
Reproductive
2005
Abnormalities
in
Ewes and Does In
Jos Abattoir
examination was employed in an
investigation of the incidence of gross
reproductive abnormalities in ewes and
does. The study was carried out in Jos
Abattoir over a period of six months (July, December, 2002). Ewes and does were
subjected to intensive gross examination
before and after slaughter. Among the 2609
ewes and does examined, 93 representing
3.56 had reproductive abnormalities.
Abnormalities
encountered
were
mucometra which ranked highest (1.57).
Others were fetal maceration (0.61),
ovarian hypoplasia (0.61), cystic ovary
(0.42), abscess (0.15), pyometra (0.08),
hydrosalpinx, hydrometra and uterine
unicornis all had 0.04 incidence. A total of
1501 ewes and 1108 does were examined,
out of which 66 ewes and 17 does had
reproductive problems, representing 4.40
and 2.43 in their respective species. Species
differences had a highly significant effect
(P<0.001) on reproductive abnormalities.
The
occurrence
of
reproductive
abnormalities was significantly (P<0.05)
influenced by breed in sheep with Uda being
most affected. Maximum abnormalities
were found in goats above 3 years of age.
Bacteriological examination resulted in the
isolation of Actinomyces pyogenes from
abscess and Actinomyces pyogenes and
Escherichia coli from the case of pyometra.
The low incidence of female genital
62.
Dauda Titus Goshit
PGS/0001/10204
6
Replacement Value June,
of Blood Meal for 2005
Fish Meal in Broiler
Diets
abnormalities suggest that genital diseases
may not be a serious limitation to small
ruminant production in this area. However,
proper attention are needed in the areas of
health, selection and breeding of these
animals.
An experiment was carried out to
investigate the replacement value of blood
meal for fishmeal in broiler diets. Five
isonitrogenous and isocaloric starter (23 CP,
3000kcal/kgME) and finisher (20 CP,
2900KcallkgME) diets were formulated.
Blood Meal (BLM) replaced fish meal at 0,
2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 levels. One hundred and
eighty day-old Anak 2000 broiler chicks
were randomly assigned to five treatments
each replicated four times and the
experiment lasted for a period of eight
weeks. At the starter phase, feed intake
(44.64-50.63g) was significantly (P<0.01)
affected by the dietary treatments.
However, daily weight gain (19.47-22.20g),
feed conversion ratio (2.29-2.65) and
mortality (2.86-7.90) were not affected. At
the finisher phase, feed intake (118.70137.93g) and daily weight gain (25.7138.81g)
were
significantly
(P<0.01)
influenced by the treatments, while feed
conversion ratio (3.64-5.55) was also
(P<0.05) affected. However, mortality was
not affected In the overall performance, all
parameters studied (feed intake,(P<0.001)
daily weight gain, (P<0.01) feed conversion
63.
Adamu Musa Sakuma
PGS/0102/10208
0
Replacement Value August,
of Yellow Sorghum 2005
Variety For Maize
In Broiler Diets
ration, P<0.05) were significantly influenced
by the dietary treatments except for
mortality that was not affected Most of the
carcass characteristics measured were
significantly affected except dressing
percentage, legs and lungs weights, which
were not affected by the dietary treatments.
It can be concluded that BLM could replace
fishmeal at 7.5 level in broiler diet without
depression of performance and carcass
yield with concomitant reduction in feed
cost.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate
the performance and economics of broilers
fed diets containing graded levels of yellow
sorghum variety. Two hundred Anak 2000
broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five
diets (four replicate per treatment diet) in
which yellow sorghum replaced maize at 0,
25, 50, 75 and 100 levels designated as diets
I, 2. 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The experiment
was a completely randomized design. Feed
and water were provided ad libitum and the
feeding trial lasted for eight weeks. At the
starter phase. daily ked intake (61.81 ()S.78g) and daily weight gain (22.74 26.67g) were significantly (P<0.05) affected,
while feed conversion ratio and mortality
were not affected. However. daily weight
gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio
and mortality were not affected by tile
dietary levels of yellow sorghum for both
finisher and combined phases. Most of the
64.
Ikani, Florence Aladi
PGS/0001/10205
7
Prevalence
of Sept.
Haemoprotozo an 2005
Parasites of Small
Ruminants in Jos
South
LGA
of
Plateau State
carcass parameters
measured were not affected by the
treatment except the dressing percentage
(66.35 _ 77. 76%, P<0.05). Liver (1.20-2.
7%. P<0.05). Ceaca (0.22-0.59%) P<0.001),
Abdorninal fat (0.51-2.21. P<0.001) and
pancreas (0.19-2.57, P<0.001) were affected
by the treatment. The feed cost in Naira per
kg. decreased with increasing levels of
yellow sorghum. It was concluded that
yellow sorghum could completely (100)
replace maize in broiler diets without
depression of performance and carcass
yield. however, the replacement of maize at
a level of 7)1/0 by yellow sorghum appears
to be the most economical inclusion level.
A total of 489 blood samples were collected
from small ruminants (sheep 245 and goats
244), within a period of eight months, four
months in each of dry and rainy seasons.
from Jos South LGA of Plateau State. These
samples were screened for the presence of
haernoprotozoan parasites using thin and
thick blood smear methods. Buffy coats and
microhaematocrit centrifuge techniques
were also employed to detect positive
samples. The results revealed that the
1110st common species of haemoprotozoan
parasites of goats and sheep in the study
area
were
Anaplasma.
Babesia,
Trypanosoma.esvs Theileria Of these
Anaplasma (26.29°; and Babesia (8.6%/) in
goats, and (8.9) and (6.7) in sheep differed
significantly ((P<0.001) in prevalence.
However. there were no significant
differences in the infection rate of
Trypanosoma (O.W) and (0.9) Theileria
parasites (0.4) and (0.9)) and in goat and
sheep respectively. Significant differences
existed with Anaplasma species within the
breeds of being higher in Toggenburg
(50%) than in West African Dwarf (45%).
and Red Sokoto (39%) The occurrence of
Babesia. Trvpanasoma and Theileria were
not significant in goats. Significant di
fference was recorded for all the
haernoprotozoan parasites screened within
the breeds of sheep. However. ewes (45)
more susceptible to haemoprotozoan
parasitic infection than the rams (3). The
effect of sex on haornoprotozoan parasites
in goats followed the same pattern as in
sheep, being higher in the females (71%
than in the males (29%)). In both species,
the infection rate were significantly higher
(P<0.00l) in the rainy season than the dry
season, Goats and sheep of older age (above
7months) were more susceptible than the
younger once (less than 6 months). The
effect of the parasites on packed cell volume
(PV) values significantly higher (P<0.00l) in
sheep (P<0.05) than in coats (23.75
0.28~'()). Tick and Tsetse fly control
measures. drug therapy and vaccination
programmes should be encouraged to
minimize the rate of haemoparasiric
65.
Gwayo, Gimba Jambo
PGS/0102/10201
02
Effect of varying Oct.,
Levels of Dietary 2005
Goats
Rumen
Contents on the
Performance
of
Broiler Chickens
Infections and losses in small ruminants.
The effect of varying levels of dietary goat's
rumen contents on the growth performance
of broiler chickens was studied for a period
of eight weeks. The rumen content was
collected from Bauchi and Gashua abattoirs
and then sundried for seven days, mixed
thoroughly and stored in "bagco" bags. The
proximate analysis of the rumen contents
showed 4.6 moisture, 17.42 crude protein
(CP), 26.3 crude fibre (CF), 2.2 ether extract
(EE), 14.4 total Ash and 35.08 Nitrogen free
extract (NFE). The levels of inclusion of the
rumen contents were 0, 15, 17.5, and 20 for
diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 (D]-D4) respectively.
Parameters evaluated were feed intake,
weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and
carcass characteristics. There was no
significant difference (P>0.05) between the
treatment means for feed intake at both the
starter and finisher phases, but there was a
significant (P<O.OO 1) difference in weight
gain at starter phase with average daily
weight gains of 24.9g (D]), 23.7g (D2), 24.6g
(D3) and 19.2g (D4). There was also a
significant (P<0.05) difference in weight
gain at finisher phase between the
treatment means with average daily weight
gains of 42.3g (D!), 33.1g (D2), 27.6g (D3)
and 39.2g (D4). There were significant
differences in FCR at the starter phase
(P<0.00l) and finisher phase (P<0.05). For
the carcass characteristics only the gizzard,
66.
Inusa, Saleh Karkarna
PGS/0102/10209
9
Performance
of Jan.
Kano Brown Bucks 2006
Fed Sorghum Chaff
and Millet Offal
Supplemented
Diets
abdominal fat, gut weight, kidney weight,
and caecal length showed significant
(P<0.05) differences among the treatment
means. This study indicates that rumen
contents may be included in broiler diets at
20 level without any deleterious effects in
the performance of the birds.
An experiment was carried out at Gumel, Jigawa
State, to evaluate the response of Kano Brown
bucks and the digestibility of sorghum chaff and
millet offal based diets supplemented with
varying levels of local groundnut cake. A total of
20 bucks were used for the experiment which
lasted for a period of 106 days. The experiment
assessed the effects of feeding sorghum chaff
and millet offal supplemented diets and the
economics of production. It also evaluated
nutrients intake digestibility through daily ked
intake and feed conversion ratio indices. The
experiment was carried out using a randomized
block design. The parameters measured were
intake of dry matter (DM ), crude protein
(CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral
detergent fibre (NDF), feed utilization and
growth performance, the digestibility of the dry
matter and the nutrients as well as the
economics of supplementation were also tested.
Feed was offer daily to the animals and data on
feed intake recorded. The animals were weighed
on weekly basis and faecal samples collected for
seven consecutive days. The dry matter, acidand neutral detergent fibre intake of bucks on
diets 1 and 4 differs significantly (p<0.01) from
67. * Dashe Francis Michel
*
PGS/1020
207
Replacement Value May,
of Brewers Dried 2008
Grain for Maize in
Broiler Diets
those on diets 2 and 3 that received 15% and
20% levels of the supplement. The responses of
the bucks in terms of crude protein intake (67
,12-95, 13/g day). weight gain (3.69- 20.9'lgl
day) and feed utilization (28.92-45.35g
feed/grain) differ significantly (P<O.OO1) among
the dietary treatments. Similarly, the
digestibility of dry matter (70.97/-87.25%),
crude protein (83.47-94.25%), acid detergent
fibre (57.99-82.06%) and neutral detergent
fibre (59.49-83.36%) were significantly
affected. The bucks on diets 3 had the best
weight gain and feed utilization they also
recorded the highest digestibility values and the
least feed cost (N kg gain). The results indicated
that diets 3 (20% groundnut cake
supplementation) produced the best response. it
is therefore recommended for feeding goats
especially during the dry season.
An experiment was carried out to evaluate
the replacement value dried grain (BJ)(J)
for maize in broilers diets. Five
isonitrogcnous diets fur both sturtcr
(23(~~, Cl") and finisher (21 (Yt, Cl") were
formulated. BDCI was incorp: )rated at 0. 10, 20,
30. and 40(10 levels of replacement for maize
for both st.uicr and finisher respectively. Two
hundred Anak 2000 broiler chicks were
randomly assigned to Iivc dietary treatments
with forty chicks per treatment (four replicates
per treatment), Feed and water were supplied
ad-libitum and the experiment lasted for a
period of eight weeks. The parameters
measured included daily feed intake (DFl). daily
weight gain (DWG). feed conversion ratio
(FCR), carcass characteristics (CC) and organ
weight (OW). At the starter phase, daily feed
intake (SO.3S-S7.33g), daily weight gain 23.()925.S3g) ami feed conversion ratio (2.()()-2.2(»
were not significantly affected by the dietary
levels of UIXi. At the finisher phase. both daily
feed intake (113,_(XI ~~.99g) and reed conversion
r.n io (2.55-2.93) were not inllucnccd by till'
diel.II.\ treatments except for daily weight gain
(38.84-4X.13g) which was significuntlv
(J><O,05) affected. The overall performance
showed that daily feed intake. daily \\'L'ight
gain ;1I1d Iced conversion ratio were not
influenced by the dietary treatments. ;\11 the
carcass parameters were not affected except
dressing CYr.) (I'.cO,OI), head weight (P<O.O I). leg
weight (P<O.OO 1), Lungs weight (P<O.O 1).
gizzard wciuht (P<(),05). abdominal fat pad
(I'<O.OS). heart weight (P<(l.O() I). large
intestine \\\.'iC!hl (P<O.O I) and small intestine
weight (1'<0.0 I), It was concluded that BI)( i
could therefore, replace maize in the diets of
broilers at LIp to 30 and 4()(~'~) lewis in
the starter and finisher phases respectively
without adverse effect on the performance
parameters and carcass yield and with
concomitant reduction in feed cost.
68.
Aliyu Yakubu
PGS/0001/10205
1
Replacement Value July
of Red Sorghum 2006
Variety for Maize in
An experiment was conducted to evaluate
the replacement value of re sorghum
variety (Sorghum bicolor) for maize in
Broiler Diets
69.
Kantiyok, Josiah Tagwai
PGS/1020
Utilization of Rice Nov.,
broiler diets. Red sorghum was used at 0,
25, 50, 75 and 100 levels to replace maize
as dietary energy source. two hundred
Anak 2000 broiler chicks were allotted to
five diets in a completely randomized
design(CRD) and the feeding trial lasted for
eight weeks. At the starter phase, daily feed
intake (47.26-53.04g) was not affected,
however daily weight gain (21.79-27.90g,
(P<0.00l) and feed conversion ratio (1.682.18, (P<0.01) were affected significantly by
the dietary treatments. At the finisher
phase, daily feed intake (111.94-127.60g)
and feed conversion ratio (2.76-3.44) were
not affected, while daily weight gain (37.3946.74g, P<0.05) was significantly affected.
The overall performance showed that daily
feed intake (84.71-70.32g), daily weight
gain (28.67-34.73g) and feed conversion
ratio (84.7-3.15) were not affected by the
dietary treatments. Most of the carcass
parameters measured were not affected
except plucked weight (1. 71-2.14kg) and
liver weight (1.36-1.88) which were
significantly (P<0.05) affected. The feed
cost in naira per kilogram gain was not
affected by the different levels of red
sorghum. It was concluded that the red
sorghum variety used in this study could
completely (100) replace maize in the diets
of broilers without adverse effect on
performance and carcass yield.
The experiment was carried out at the Abubakar
236
Offal in the Diet of 2006
Broiler Chickens
Tarawa Balewa University Poultry Farm, Bauchi,
to investigate the effect of varying dietary levels
of rice offal (R.O.) on performance of broiler
chickens. Four iso-nitrogenous diets for starter
and finisher broilers were formulated with rice
offal at 0% 10%, 20% and 30% level for
replacement of maize. Eighty day-old Anak 2000
broiler chickens were randomly assigned to
Four treatments each replicated two times with
ten birds per replicate and the experiment lasted
for nine weeks. The parameters measured
included daily body weight gain (DBWG), daily
feed intake (OFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR),
carcass characteristics, (CC), organ weights
(OW) and blood parameters. The results
indicated that OBWG and OFI (P>O.05) were not
significantly affected by the dietary levels of rice
of Tal in the treatment diets but FCR (P<0.05)
was significantly affected by the dietary levels of
rice offal in the treatment diets. The feed cost
per kilogram weight gain (P>O.05) was also not
affected by the dietary levels of rice offal in the
treatment diets. Final live weight, Plucked
weight, eviscerated weight and dressing
percentage (P<O.05) were significantly affected
by the dietary levels of the rice offal in the
treatments. There were significant difference
(P<O.05) with increases in the gizzard weight
and intestine (Gut) weight, others were spleen,
thigh, breast and neck. Results also showed that
the degree of gizzard and intestinal (Gut)
erosion increased with higher levels of rice offal
in the diet. There was significant (P<O.05)
70.
Danlami, Nuhu Yusuf
PGS/0102/10209
0
Replacement Value Nov.,
of Decorticated and 2006
Fermented
Prosopis Seed Meal
for Full-Fat Soya
Beans in Broiler
Diets
difference in the hematological parameters pack
cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC),
Neutrophils () and Lymphocyte(%) evaluated at
the different dietary levels, meaning the varying
dietary levels of rice offal affected blood
formation. While there was no significant
(P>O.05) difference in total serum protein and
serum urea levels among the dietary treatments.
Serum uric acid though showed significant
(P<O.05) difference among the dietary
treatments, there was no consistent trend. It
was therefore concluded 'that rice offal,
could be used in the diets of broilers up to
10 and 20 levels in the starter and finisher
diets of broilers respectively without any
adverse effect on the performance
characteristics, carcass yield and blood
parameters.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate
the performance of broilers fed diets
containing graded levels of decorticated and
fermented Prosopis africana seed meal
(DFPSM). Five is nitrogenous and isocaloric
diets for starter (23 CP, 2837.60 M.E) and
finisher (20 CP, 2903.20 M.E) phases were
formulated in which prosopis seed meal
replaced soybean at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100
levels respectively. Two hundred and forty
day-old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were
randomly assigned to five diets, each
replicated four times with 12 birds per
replicate in a completely randomised
design. Feed and clean water were supplied
71.
Ibrahim, Musa
Utilization
of Nov.,
Various Levels of 2006
Boiled Bambaranut
by Broiler Chickens
ad-libitum and the experiment lasted for
eight weeks. At the starter phases, feed
intake (76.49-78.85g), daily weight gain
(26.79-29.69g), feed conversion ratio (2.582.90) and mortality were not affected. The
corresponding values of 160.76·168.19g,
34.88·36.50g and 4.59-4.89 respectively at
the finisher phase were also not affected by
the dietary treatments. Also, the combined
phase showed that feed intake (1l8.63-12292g), daily weight gain (31.40-32.05g) and
feed conversion ratio (3.62-3.86) were also
not affected. Live weight (2.50-2.85kg),
plucked
weight
(2.18-2.54kg)
were
significantly (P<0.05) affected while the
eviscerated weight (1.81-2.13kg) were not
affected. The various cut - parts and internal
organ weight expressed as percentage of
eviscerated weight were not significantly
different except the lung (0.56 - 0.82.,
P<0.05), and kidney (0.11 - 0.15., P<0.001)
that were affected. There was no significant
difference in feed cost N/kg feed), total feed
cost N/bird) and feed cost in Naira per kg
gain. The result indicated that DFPSM could
completely (100) replace full - fat soybean
in the diet of broilers without deleterious
effect on performance and eviscerated yield
of broilers.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate
the performance and carcass characteristics
of broilers fed bambaranut based diets. Two
hundred Anak broiler chicks were randomly
72.
Nadabo,
Mohammed
Isyaku PGS/0001/10207
0
Growth
Sept.,
performance
of 2006
Goats
Fed
Groundnut Haulms
with Maize Bran
allotted to five dietary treatments in which
bambaranut was included at 0, 15, 30, 45
and 60 levels. Forty birds were allotted to
each treatment (ten birds per replicate) in a
completely randomized design. At the
starter phase, daily feed intake ,76.16279.162g P<0.05), daily weight gain (30.7837.S5g P<0.001) and feed conversion ratio
were significantly (2.30-2.5S, P<0.001)
affected. At the finisher phase, daily weight
gain (43.32-49.42g, P<0.01) and feed
conversion ratio (3.10-3.5S, P<0.00l) were
affected while feed intake (150.32-157.01
g) was not affected by the dietary levels of
bambaranut. The overall performance
showed that both daily weight gain (35.0443.12g, P<0.00l) and feed conversion ratio
were significantly (2.63-3.05, P<0.00l)
affected.
Some of the carcass characteristics
measured were affected, however, dressing
percentage and abdominal fat were not
affected. Feed cost per kilogram body gain
increased with increasing bambaranut
levels. The result indicated that boiled
bambaranut could be included at 30 level in
the diet of broilers without compromising
performance and carcass yield.
The Experiment was conducted to
investigate the growth performance and
nutrient digestibility’s in goats fed diets
containing varying levels of maize bran
(MB) and cotton seed cake (CSC) as
and Cotton Seed
Cake
Supplementation
supplements. Four diets were formulated in
which a mixture of MB and CSC was
includes at 0, 10, 30 and 50. Twenty male
goats were randomly allotted to the four
dietary treatments with five replications in
a completely randomized design (CRD). Daily
feed intake (OFI) which ranged from 266.60g to
523.23g, daily weight gain (DWG) from
41.09g to 107.69g and feed conversion ratio
(FRC) from 4.97 to 6.49 were significantly
affected (P<0.001) by the varying levels of
MB and CSC inclusion. Dry matter
digestibility which ranged from 53.29 to
81.37; crude protein digestibility 76.61 to
87.57; ether extract digestibility 88.7397.09; neutral detergent fiber digestibility
45.76-51.04 and acid detergent fiber
digestibility 25.62-41.28 were also affected
(P<0.001) by the varying levels of
MB and esc inclusion. Ruminal PH values before
feeding ranged from 6.29 to 7.29 while the
values after feeding ranged from 6.85 to
6.11. Ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA)
concentrations ranged from 6.00mg/dl to
9.80mg/dl before feeding while the values
after feeding ranged from 4.22mg/dl to
7.86mg/dl. These values were Significantly
affected (P< 0.001) by the varying levels of
MB and CSC inclusion. Based on the result
of OFI, OWG, FCR and nutrients
digestibility’s, it can be concluded that
goats fed the diet containing 50 inclusion
73.
Usman, Isa Dazala
PGS/0001/10204
7
The
effect
of Sept.,
Supplementing
2006
Groundnut Haulms
with Maize Offal or
Cottonseed Cake on
Growing Yankasa
Rams
rate of mixture gave the best performance.
The performance as a result of increased
supplementation of MB and CSC is
metabolically associated with enhanced
source of crude protein (Nitrogen) and
energy to the experimental animals, which
is consistent with many previous findings.
The experiment was conducted at the
Abubakar Tarawa Balewa University,
Bauchi to evaluate the effect of feeding
groundnut haulms with maize offal or
cottonseed cake or both on feed intake,
nutrient digestibility and live weight gain of
the Yankasa rams. Sixteen growing Yankasa
rams were randomly assigned into four
feeding
regiments
in
a
complete
randomized design. Each animal was given
lkg/headlday of groundnut haulms as basal
diet. The treatments were diet A, (control) ,
diet B (300g of maize offal), diet C (300g of
cottonseed cake) and diet 0 (lSOg of maize
offal and 150g of cottonseed cake)
respectively. The result showed that dry
matter intake (761.15 - 1252.66g/day);
crude protein intake (99.61 - 184.03g1day);
dry matter digestibility (57.24 - 66.84 )
were significantly (P<0.001) affected by
concentrate supplementation. It was also
observed that cost of feed per kg body
weight gain W212.61 - ~375.75 was
significantly (P < 0.001) affected with the
least cost of feed in maize offal based diet.
However, crude protein digestibility (83.82
74.
Waba,
Yudaunda
Ezekiel PGS/0102/10209
6
Studies on Abattoir Nov.,
Foetal Wastage in 2006
Borno and Yobe
States
_ 84.77); and feed conversion ratio 9.0 24.68 was not affected by the dietary
treatment.
Based
on
the
general
performance of the growing Yankasa rams,
groundnut haulms is found to be a good
quality roughage having adequate protein to
maintain ruminant animals. However,
concentrate supplements especially maize
offal is needed to achieve a profitable
production.
An abattoir study was conducted over a
period of one (I) year (JanuaryDecember 2003) to assess the extent of
species contributions as sources of meat
and seasonal trend in foetal wastage as
influenced by location (Biu, Maiduguri,
Damaturu and Potiskum). The species with
the highest number of animals slaughtered
were the goats (70, 408) followed by cattle
(20, 450) sheep (7105) and camels (724).
Significant differences (P<0.05) existed
between the number of goats slaughtered
and the rest. The mean number foetuses
recovered for the goats, cattle, sheep and
camels
were
significantly
(P<0.05)
influenced by season and location. with
higher wastage in Maiduguri and the early
rainy season. Similar trends were exhibited
with respect to mean weights of foetuses in
these locations and seasons. Also foetuses
recovered in Biu, Maiduguri, Damaturu and
Potiskum were single litter in all the species
except for goats in Biu where twins and
75.
Dafur, Bala Sale
PGS/0001/10207
8
Differential Sheep Nov.,
Breed Resistance 2006
To Helminthiasis
on the Jos Plateau
triplets were recorded. The foetal wastage
was significantly (P<0.00) higher in the I st
and 2nd trimester for cattle, goats and sheep
than in other trimesters. Huge economic
losses
were
encountered
due
to
slaughtering of pregnant animals. It is
recommended that appropriate measures
should be instituted to reduce the rate of
pregnancy wastage in these species.
A field study was conducted on the los
Plateau to determine the influence of breed,
season, sex and age of sheep on
helminthiasis under communal pastoral
system. A total of 2304 (192/month) faecal
samples were collected from three sheep
breeds - Yankas(Ya), Uda (Ud), Balami (Ba)
from October 2004 to September 2005 and
evaluated for worm burden - faecal worm
eggs per gramme (epg) and prevalence. Ya
had significantly (p<0.00l) higher mean
faecal egg counts, MFEC (316.02 epg) than
Ud (207.03 epg) and Ba (178.45 epg), which
did not differ significantly. Prevalence
measured as a proportion of individuals ()
infected varied significantly (p<0.05) among
breeds with the highest value for Ya (34.90),
followed by Ud (30.34) and lowest for Ba
(28.78). MFEC and prevalence also varied
significantly (p<0.001) among seasons, with
MFEC values of 82.55 (late dry, LD), 152.26
(early dry, ED), 3 }4.06 (early rainy, ER) and
386.06 epg(late rainy, LR), while the
prevalence were LD (18.92), ED (26.39), LR
76.
Sudik, Samuel David
PGS/0405/10202
33
Characterization
Jan.,
On Local Chickens 2007
in the Southern
Zone of Plateau
State
(39.24) and ER (40.80). Females with MFEC
of 271.05 epg and prevalence of 34.72 were
significantly (P<0.001) more affected than
males with MFEC of 196.61 epg and
prevalence of 29.95. Both MFEC and
prevalence differed significantly (P<0.00l)
between age groups and ranked from
highest to lowest as follows: 0 - 9 (338.72
epg, 42.19), 10 - 21 (253.72 epg, 33.85), 22 33 (196.18 epg, 28.65) and 34 months and
above (147.31 epg, 20.66). The preferential
rearing of Ba and Ud being more resistant is
exploitable as a cheap and safe worm control
option in the study area. In addition greater
attention should be paid to Yankasa, rainy
season, females and younger sheep in worm
control.
This study was conducted in the Southern
Zone of Plateau State to examine some
characteristics/body measurements of local
chickens. In all, 557 chickens and 181 eggs
were examined. The results indicated a sex
ratio of 60.68 females and 39.32 males.
Birds plumage was mostly mottled (42.01);
skin colours mostly white (66.25) and
yellow (33.75); comb colour mostly red
(95.69); comb type predominantly single
(87.79); shank colours white, 39.86; yellow
(33.39); black (23.7) and green (3.05); and
eye colour mostly brown (75.59). In
addition, earlobe colours were brown
(40.4), red (38.65), yellow (J 3.29) and black
(7.72); beak colour brown (43.09), black
77.
Abubakar A. Hambagda
PGS/0102/10209
1
Characterization of Jan.,
Indigenous
2007
Chickens Area of
Borno State
(30.7) and yellow (26.21 ); and egg colours
brown (60.88) and white (39.12). Average
live weight was 1.81 kg (males, 2.16kg and
females, I. 5 7kg), body length, body
circumference, chest circumference, shank
length, thigh length, clutch size, egg weight,
egg length and egg width were 20.65, 40.96,
31.11, 10.35, 15.4cm, 10.72, 38.77g, 5.18
and
3.75cm,
respectively.
The
corresponding range were 0.6- 3.85kg, 15.027.0, 29.0-52.0, 220-44.0, 7.0-15.0, 10.024.0cm, 7.0-17.0, 29.89-48.14g, 4.25- 5.85
and 3.25-4.15cm. It was concluded that local
chickens in Plateau State Southern Zone
were mostly red and single combed, brown
eyed and mottle feathered. Other
characteristics however showed wide
variations. Some body measurements
showed wide variations with plumage, skin
and earlobe colours as measured by
analysis of variance. Body and egg
measurements
also
showed
strong
relationships as measured by correlation
coefficients.
Therefore,
the
easily
observable characteristics could be used as
indications of the measurable parameters.
This study was carried out in Kaga Local
Government Area of Borno State to
ascertain the characteristics of indigenous
chickens. A total of 656 chickens of both
sexes were examined. In all 59.6 of birds
were males, while 40.4 were females. In
addition, 24.4 had black/white feathers,
78.
Shaffa, John Emmanuel
PGS/0899/10201
4
Utilization of Spent March,
Sorghum Grain by 2007
Kano Brown Bucks
followed by 22.8 mottled (mixed) and ash
colour was least, 2.8. The comb type was
mostly single (85.9). Red eyed chicken were
most common (56.4), followed by yellow
(40.8) and black (2.8). Most of the chickens
had white shanks (42.8), while red shank
was least (7.3) in occurrence. Non-spurred
chickens appeared to be highest (66.5) in
number, while white eggs were also
commonest (65). Average shank length,
body weight, body length, egg/clutch, egg
weight, egg length and egg diameter were
9.36cm, 1.16kg, 17.22cm, 6.98, 36.31gm,
5.46cm and 4.09cm respectively. In general,
indigenous chickens of the study area were
mostly single combed, red eyed; white
shanked, spurred and laid mostly white
eggs. Correlation analysis showed that there
were generally positive relationships
between measurable bird characteristics.
Therefore, body/egg parameters of chickens
of this study area could be used to indicate
each other and therefore useful in
correlated selection responses.
An experiment was conducted in order to
investigate the performance of Kano brown bucks
fed Brewers dry grain (spent sorghum )'Y:lin
(SSC). Twenty Kuno hrown bucks (KBB),
between 12 and 15 months old were castrated
and conditioned for two weeks, then allotted to
four dietary treatments (five replicates per diet)
in which SSG was included at 0, 10,20 and 30
levels. The basal feedstuff was grounclnuts haulms
79.
Ezekiel, Funsho Michael
PGS/1020
73
Evaluation of Effect Oct.,
of Breed Collection 2007
Methods and Short
Term Preservation
on the Some Breeds
of Bulls in Napri,
Shika-Zaria
(GNH), fed in two halves in the morning and
afternoon. Water and potash (kanwa) were
provided ad-libitum and the animals were
weighed at weekly intervals. Faecal collection for
digestibility trial was the seventh week 01'. The
results showed nutrient intakes were significantly
affected by the various levels of inclusion of SSG in
the rations of K BB (P < 0.001 for crude protein
intake- (P<0.01) for acid detergent fibre intake
and neutral detergent fibre intake; P < 0.05 for
feed conversion ratio). The digestibility’s of crude
protein (Df'P), acid detergent fibre (DADF) and
neutral detergent fibre (DNDF) were significantly
(P<0.001) affected by different levels of SSG, while
dry neuter digestibility WLIS not affected. It was
concluded that SSG could be included at up to 30
level of inclusion in the diets of KBB since its
inclusion increased attributes of the bucks.
However, inclusion of SSG at 10% seems to be
more economical.
Series of experiments were conducted to
investigate effects of method of collection,
breed and short-term preservation on the
semen characteristics of some breeds of
bulls in National Animal Production
Research Institute (NAPRI) Shika, Zaria for
a period of six months (February -July
2004). The three methods of collection
were artificial vagina (A V), electro
ejaculator (EE) and rectal massage CRM).
The breeds of bulls used were Friesian x
Bunaji (FRxBJ), Bunaji (BJ) and Bokoloji
(BK) were used for study. Results show that
method of collection significantly (p<O.OO
1) affected the semen' volume per ml being
5.57±0.20, 2.04±0.04 and 3.32±0.21; sperm
motility () 82.11±2.53, 34.75±2.61, and
30.50±2.61; concentration (x 1 06hnl)
1522.58±3.08,
375.85+5.22
and
514.50±6.49 and total sperm production (x
109/ejaculate) 8.64±4.65, 0.88±1.43 and
1.71±2.76 for AV, RM and EE respectively.
Significant breed differences (p<O.OOI)
were also obtained in semen volume per ml
being 6.25±0.03, 2.91±0.02 and 3.13± 0.03;
sperm motility () 81.74±0.10, 67.55±0.24
and 70.81±0.29; concentration (x 1 06/m1)
1543±3.47, 880.00± 4.46 and 1418.95±8.14
and
total
sperm
production
9
(x10 /ejaculate) 9.74±5.30, 2.57±2.10 and
4.66±5.52 for FRxBJ, Bunaji and Bokoloji .
bulls respectively. The effect of extender
was not significant (p>0.05) for the first day
of preservation at 5°C, but from Day 2, fresh
liquid semen samples with extenders
namely:
Sodium citrate and Laiciphos had
significantly (p<0.001) better values than
the Nonextended being 84,53±0.16,
84.06±0.16 and 82.66±0.62 for Day 1;
63.59±0.26, 78.28±0.31 and 75.00±0.26 for
Day 2; 20.78±0.23, 69.22±0.23 and
64.69±0.33 for Day 3; 01.25±0.21 ,
58.44±1.98 and 55.16±1.90 for Day 4; 0.00,
45.62±0.23 and 43.7S±OA3 for Day 5; 0.00,
30.16±OAl and 32.66±0.21 for Day 6 and 0.00,
80.
Ibrahim Muhammad
PGS/0001/10207
9
Nutrients
May,
Utilization
and 2008
Growth
Performance
of
Goats Fed Basal
Groundnut Haulms
Supplemented with
Maize Bran with Or
Without Urea
17.97±0.13 and lS.31±0.18 for Day 7, for Noextender, Sodium citrate and Laiciphos
respectively. The type of extender used did
not cause any significant (p>0.05)
difference in the preservation of the semen
sample. It appears there were breed
differences as well as differences
attributable to the method of collection in
semen characteristics of bulls in
our environment. Highly qualitative semen
may be obtained by the use of A V provided
the bulls are well trained. Also the semen
quality of the Bunaji and Bokoloji could be
upgraded by crossing them with the exotic
breed while pure liquid semen could be
preserved at 5oC for 48 hours without
extender.
An experiment was conducted to investigate
the performance and nutrient utilization of
Kano Brown goats fed basal (B) groundnut
supplemented with two types or concentrates,
Maize bran (Ml3) or M13 + 2.6( Urea at two
levels (150g and 300g) making a total of
four diets (B + 300g MB and B + 300g MB +
urea). The four diets were fed to 20 goats at
five goats per diet for a period of 68 days.
The result shows that the highest final body
weight of 14.93kg was obtained in goats fed
300g MB + 2.6% urea while there were no
significant dietary differences in dry matter
intake
(388.60-450.60)
and
feed
conversion· ratio (6.77-7.98). Most of the
digestibility values of the nutrients were
81.
Musa, Ado
PGS/0405/10202
05
Replacement Value May,
of Local Groundnut 2008
Cake for Full Fat
Soya Beans in the
Diets of Broilers
also not affected by the dietary treatments.
The packed cell volume (PCV) was also not
affected. The result indicates that a
supplement of 300g MB with 2.6% urea
gave the best performance in terms of final
weight of the animals.
An experiment was conducted at the
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Research Farm, Bauchi from June to August
2005 to investigate the replacement value of
local groundnut cake for toasted full fat
Soya bean in broiler diets. Five diets were
formulated in which local groundnut cake
replaced full fat Soya bean at 0, 2S, 5O, 75, and
100% levels, coded as diets A, B, C, D and E
respectively, for both starter (23 crude
protein) and finisher (20 crude protein)
phases. Two hundred and fifty day old Anak
2000 broiler chicks were randomly
assigned to five treatments each replicated
three times and the experiment lasted for a
period of nine weeks. At the starter phase
feed intake (44.88-60.72g). daily weight
gain (14.26-24.99g) and feet conversion
ratio (2.43-3.15) was significantly (P<0.001)
int1uenced by the dietary treatments. At the
finisher phase. the feed intake (l04.31144.00g. P<0.001) was affected. While feed
conversion ratio (3.32-3.77) was not
affected, The over all performance showed
that daily feed intake (74.60- 99.62g) and
daily weight gain (21.20-32.S7g) were
significantly (P<0.05) affected by the diets.
82.
Iliya, Deacon Samuel
PGS0405/10202
15
The
Effect
of May,
Graded Levels of 2008
Graded Levels of
Germinated
Red
Jigari
Sorghum(sorghum
bicolour L.) On the
Performance
of
Broiler Chickens
However, the feed conversion ration (2.933.46) indicated no difference. Most carcass
characteristics
measured
show
ed
significant effect except the large intestine.
gizzard. liver and head weights. Feed cost in
naira per kilogram gain tended to increase
increasing levels of local groundnut cake.
The results indicated that the local
groundnut cake could completely (100%)
replace roasted full fat Soya bean in broilers
diet without reduction in performance and
carcass yield. However. 50% level of
replacement seemed to be the most
economical.
An experiment was conducted at the
Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Mubi
to investigate the substitution levels of
Germinated Red Jigari Sorghum (GRJS)
variety for maize on the performance and
carcass characteristics of broiler chickens
Two hundred and twenty-five Anak 2000
broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five
diets in which GRIS substituted maize at 0,
25, 50, 75 and 100 levels designated as diets
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively in a complete
randomized design. The results showed that
at the starter phase, feed intake (P<0.001),
weight gain (P<0.0l) and feed conversion
ratio (P<0.05) were affected by the dietary
levels of GRJS. However, these parameters
were not affected at the finisher phase as
well as the overall performance except feed
conversion (P<0.0l) which is affected. Most
83.
Audu, Obed Lakurbe
PGS/0405/10202
00
Replacement Value July,
of
Watermelon 2008
Seed(citrullus
vulgaria
schrad)
MBAL for Full-Fat
Soyabeans in the
Diets of Broiler
Chickens
of the carcass and gut characteristics
measured were not affected except the
small intestine (P<0.05) that was affected,
however, there was on definite pattern. The
feed cost per kilogram gain was lowest on
the 75 level of GRJS inclusion. It can be
concluded that GRJS could completely
(100%) substitute maize in the diet of
broilers without adverse effect on
performance and carcass yield. However,
75% level of inclusion seemed to be the
most economical.
An experiment was conducted between May
and July, 2006 at the ATBU Research Farm
to investigate the growth performance and
carcass characteristics of broilers fed
graded levels of watermelon (Citrullus
vulgaris) seed meal based diets. Five diets
were formulated in which watermelon seed
meal (WMSM) replaced 'full - fat' soyabean
at 0 (Control), 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels
coded as diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively,
for both starter (23% CP) and finisher (20%
CP) rations. Two hundred day-old, Anak
2000 broiler chicks were randomly allotted
to the dietary treatments with four
replications of 10 birds per replicate in a
completely randomized design. Results
showed that there was no significant
difference in feed intake and daily weight
gain among the treatment means at the
starter phase; while at the finisher phase as
well as the overall phase, both daily feed
84.
Nuhu Bello
PGS/0405/10202
18
Utilization of Maize August,
and Wheat Offals 2008
By Broiler Chickens
intake and daily weight gain were
significantly affected. Most of the carcass
and organs parameters measured were
affected except live weight, plucked weight,
carcass weight, dressing percentage, small
intestine length, caecal weight and length,
abdominal fat and spleen weights. It can be
concluded that WMSM could replace 'full
fat' soyabean at 30 level in the diet of
broilers without depression of growth
performance and carcass yield.
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the
effect of fibre sources (Maize and Wheat Offals),
at two different levels (10% and 20%) and their
interactions on growth performance and carcass
yield of broiler chickens. The experimental design
was a 2x2 factorial in a completely randomized
form. Two hundred (200) Marshall breed chicks
were randomly allotted to the four dietary
treatments each replicated five times. Feed and
water were supplied ad libitum and the
experiment lasted for seven (7) weeks. The
results showed that in the overall main effects,
the fibre levels in diets had significant effect
(P<0.05) on the feed conversion
ratio. However, the source x level interaction on
carcass characteristics revealed that there was
significant effect (P<0.05) on pancreas weight as
well as abdominal fat (P<0.01). In the main effect,
the fibre source affected the weight of the liver
(P<0.05), Gizzard (P<0.01) and small intestine
(P<0.01). Sim ilarly, the levels affected Caeca
(P<0.05) and small intestine (P<0.05) weights.
85.
Musa Modibbo
PGS/0405/10202
08
Replacement Value Sept.
of Tigernut(cyperus 2008
rotundud Lina) For
Maize in Broiler
Diets
Other parameters of the study were not however
affected. The cost of feed (naira per kg gain)
showed that diet 4 containing 20 wheat offal was
cheaper than those containing 10 wheat offal and
both the maize offal levels. The results indicated
that wheat offal could be included in the diet at
up to 20 level for broiler chickens without
compromising performance and carcass yield.
An experiment was conducted at the
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Research Farm, Bauchi from June to August,
2005 to evaluate the performance attributes
and carcass characteristics of broilers fed
diets containing graded levels of tigernut.
Five diets were formulated in which
tigernut replaced maize at 0, 25, 50, 75 and
100% levels designated as diets 1, 2, 3, 4
and 5 respectively. Two hundred and fiftyfive Anak 2000 day-old broiler chicks were
randomly allotted to five diets replicated
three times in a completely randomized
design. Most of the performance parameters
measured (daily feed intake, daily weight
gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality) at
both the starter and finisher phases as well
as the overall phase (1 to 10 weeks) were
not affected by the dietary levels of tigernut
except feed consumption which was
significantly (P<0.01) higher as the
percentage of the tigernut increases in the
diet. Similarly, organ and carcass
characteristics were not affected except for
the lungs (P<0.0l), which did not show
86.
Danwe Baje Augustine
PGS/0405/10202
17
Evaluation
of Sept.,
Forage – Based 2008
Diets
Fed
To
Rabbits
definite pattern. The cost in naira per
kilogram gain decrease with increasing
levels of tigernut with no adverse effect on
the growth performance and carcass yield
and with concomitant reduction in feed
costs associated with raising broilers.
This study was designed to investigate the
performance and nutrient digestibility of
rabbits fed forage based diets. Twenty four
(24) weaner rabbits of about five (5) weeks
old were used for the study. The rabbits
were allocated to four (4) dietary
treatments with six (6) replicates of one (1)
rabbit each. Diet T, and T 2 contained 50 dry
matter Arachis hypogaea haulms and 50
Musa spp fresh leaves respectively, while
Diet T3 and T4 contained 50 Amaranthus
spinosus fresh sterns and 50 Amaranthus
spinosus fresh leaves respectively. Each diet
T1 T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with 50
maize bran, the experiment lasted for eight
(8) weeks. The results showed a
significantly decreases (P<0.00l) in body
weight gain, increase in total feed intake
and forage intake. Dietary treatments also
had significant increase (P<0.0l) on feed
conversion ratio. The dressing and carcass
weight had significant decrease (P<0.05)
affected by the diets. While true nutrient
digestibility
significantly
decrease
(P<0.00l)on CF digestibility, DM and CP
digestibility had significant increase
(P<0.01) affected by the dietary treatments.
However, rabbits performed better on
Arachis hypogea haulms, Amaranthus
spinosus leaves was recommended best.
87.
Ngele Grace
PGS/0405/10202
19
Efficacy of Raw and Oct.,
Toasted
Sesame 2008
Seed(sesamum
indicum
L)
As
Sources
of
Methionine in The
Diets of Broiler
Chickens
88.
Shehu, Babayo Misau
PGS/1020
211
Comparative
Nov.,
Performance
of 2008
Broilers Fed Diets
An experiment was conducted to evaluate
the performance and carcass characteristics
of broilers fed raw and toasted sesame seed
meal based diets as sources of methionine.
Raw and toasted sesame seed meal was
included at 5 and 10% levels. Two hundred
Anak 2000 broiler chicks were randomly
allotted to five dietary treatments replicated
four times. At the starter phase (1-4 weeks),
feed intake (50.29-57.86g), daily weight
gain (20.61-23.21 g) and feed conversion
ratio (2.43-2.77) between diets were similar
(P<0.05). The corresponding values of
102.47-122.15g, 37.72-49.72g and 2.482.93 at the finisher phase (5-8 weeks) were
similarly not affected by dietary treatments.
Most of the carcass parameters measured
were not affected except plucked weight,
weight of small intestines and length of
large intestine that were significantly
affected (P<0.05). The results generally
indicate that raw or toasted sesame seed
meal could be included at 5 or 10 levels to
replace synthetic methionine in broiler diets
without adverse effect on performance and
carcass yield.
An experiment was conducted at the
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Research Farm, Bauchi to evaluate the
Containing
Four
Plant
Protein
Sources
performance, carcass characteristics and
economics of production of broilers fed
diets containing four plant protein sources.
Four diets containing either groundnut cake
(LGNC), soyabean cake (SBC), roasted
soyabean (RSB) or cooked soyabean (CSB)
were formulated. A total of 200 Marshal
breed of broiler chicks were allotted to the
four diets with SO birds per diet. Each
dietary treatment was replicate five times in
a completely randomized design. Feed and
water were supplied ad libitum and the
experiment lasted for a period of S6 days.
The starter phase cover a period from 1 to 4
weeks. The average daily feed intake (36.S462.66g), average daily weight gain (11. 732S.S2g) and feed conversion ratio (2.193.12) were significantly (P<0.001) affected
by different protein sources. The finisher
phase cover a period from S to S weeks, at
this phase both average daily feed intake
(73.31-129 .04g) and average daily weight
gain (22.S2-44.26g) were significantly
(P<O.OOI) affected, but feed conversion
ration (2.92-3.63) was not affected. The
overall performance showed that there was
a significant (P<O.OOl) difference among the
treatments on daily feed intake (S4.999S.7Sg), daily weight gain (17.2S-36.99g) and
feed conversion ratio (2.S9- 3.lS).Most of the
carcass parameters measured were not
affected except liveweight, plucked weight,
eviscerated weight, carcass weight, head
89.
Tor,
Noah
Edson PGS/04Terhemen Nyam
05/10202
13
A comparison of Jan.,
the
Physical 2009
Characteristics of a
Brown and White
Shelled Eggs of
Local and Exotic
Chickeen
under
Different Storage
Condition
and
Seasons in Bauchi
and legs (P<0.001) gizzard (P<0.01),
pancreas and length of small intestine
(P<O.OS). Feed cost in naira per kilogram gain
ranged from (W92.SSk- NII0.00k) with the
lowest value obtained on diet 4 containing
cooked soyabean as a source of protein. It
can be concluded that the three soyabean
products were suitable for broiler feeding.
Cooked soyabean (CSB) however seemed to
be the most economical.
A total of seven hundred and sixty eight
eggs were used to investigate internal and
external qualities of brown and white
shelled eggs of local and exotic chickens.
There were different storage conditions refrigeration, oiling, and eggs kept in
polythene bags and the control (room
temperature), three durations (0, 7 days, 14
days), covering two seasons from December
200S August 2006. The results showed that
there were no significant differences
between brown and white shelled eggs in
any of the measured egg quality parameters.
However exotic eggs had higher (P<0.0l)
weight (S8.3g vs. 38.7Sg), shape index (0.76
vs. 0.74), shell weight (6.08g vs. 4.S3g), shell
thickness (Almm vs. O.36mm), while local
eggs showed better (P<O.OI) haugh unit,
albumen index and less weight loss under
storage. Fresh eggs exhibited superior
quality over stored eggs. Refrigeration was
found to be the most efficient and effective
single method of preserving the internal
90.
Nyam, Timothy Gyang
PGS/0405/10202
31
Public
Health June,
Significance
of 2009
Gastrol Intestinal
Parasites of Some
Wild Animals in
Captivity At The Jos
Wildlife Park, Job,
Nigeria
91.
Ejembi Enikpi Helen
PGS/05-
Helminth
Alence June,20
quality of eggs, up to fourteen days.
However, irrespective of storage type, egg
quality decreased with storage duration.
Eggs generally stored better in dry than wet
season. Local eggs stored better than exotic
ones while oiling was the best storage
alternative in the absence of electricity or
refrigeration.
Zoonosis with a wildlife reservoir constitutes a
major public health problem affecting all
continents. An experiment was conducted to
determine the public health significance of the
gastro-intestinal parasites of wild animals ill
captivity at the Jos wildlife park. 70 faecal
samples from 22 different species of wild
animals were collected and examined for the
presence of parasite eggs, 53 (75.711) of the
animals studied were positive for one or more
gastro-intestinal parasites. Out of 35 animals
keeper's faecal samples examined, 5 (14.29)
were found to be positive for three types of
helminthes parasites. The study shows that
some of the wild animals and their keepers
share similar parasites at (P<O.O1) signi ficant
level, though 110 particular animal specie is
critically at risk. Despite the periodic
deworming of the wild animals, re-infection still
occurs when their keepers are not dewormed
too. Therefore, periodic examination and preplanned treatment of both the wild animals and
their keepers will be of paramount importance
in reducing public health hazards.
The study was carried out in Bauchi and
06/10204
04
and Burden of 09
Goats in Bauchi
Metropolis
environs to investigate goat Helminthosis
over a 12 month period (August 2007 - July
2008). A total of 812 faecal samples
comprising 439, 114, 259 each were
collected from the three common goat
genotypes in the area, namely; Red Sokoto
(RS), west African dwarf (WAD) and cross
breed (CB).The samples were evaluated for
prevalence - measured as a proportion of
affected individuals and worm burden faecal egg counts per gram (epg) of faeces.
Prevalence was highest (P<0.01) among RS
(30.07) followed by CB (29.73) and WAD
(15.79). However, worm burden was
highest (P< 0.05) for CB (253.3 epg)
followed g by RS (191.5 epg) and WAD (89.5
epg). On the other hand, Prevalence unlike
Mean faecal egg count (MFEC) differed
significantly (p<0.001) with age groups
having values ranked from highest to lowest
as follows : Above 12 months (34.88),6-12
months (22.71) and less than 6 months
(l5.89).Prevalence and MFEC varied
significantly among seasons with values of
prevalence being 9.74 (early dry, ED), 17.65
(late dry, LD), 23.38 (early rainy, ER) and
49.80 (late rainy, LR) while MFEC had epg
of 125.6 (ED), 23.53 (LD), 210.4 (ER) and
421.3 (LR) respectively. In the study area
therefore, preferential rearing of WAD as a
cheap and safe worm control option should
be exploitable where as greater attention
should be paid to RS, CB, older goats and
92.
Mohammed
Inuwa
Musa PGS/0405/10202
56
The Replacement Dec.,
Value OF Quality 2009
Protein Maize For
Normal Maize in
the Diets of Broiler
Chickens
93.
Oloruntola, Olugbenga PGS/04David
05/10202
10
Retrospective
Dec.,
Study of Newcastle 2009
Disease in Exotic
Chickens in Jos and
Pathogenicity
of
rainy season in worm control.
This study was conducted to investigate the
performance and carcass yield of broilers
fed diets containing varying levels of quality
protein maize (QPM) as replacement for
normal maize (NM). Five diets were
formulated in which QPM was included at 0,
25, 50, 75 and 100 replacing normal maize
and coded as treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
respectively both in the starter and finisher
rations. Two hundred day old Armour 2000
unsexed broiler chicks were randomly
allocated to pens in groups of 10 birds per
pen. There were four replications of the five
treatments in a Completely Randomized
Design. Results showed that birds fed diets
containing 100 QPM had the best average
daily weight gain, (ADWG) feed conversion
ratio (FeR) and dressing percentage
compared to the birds on other treatments.
The feed cost (N/kg) per kilogram gain
decreased with increase in quality protein
maize inclusion. Based on the values of
weight gain, dressing percentage and cost of
feed per kg gain (N/kg gain) QPM at 100
inclusion gave the best result, and is hereby
recommended for use in broiler feed
formulation.
A retrospective study of Newcastle disease (NO)
exotic chickens in selected veterinary clinics in
Jos and its Irons from January 2000 to December
2004 was conducted. One hundred and twenty
structured questionnaires were distributed to
Viscerotropic
Velogenic
Newcastle Disease
Virus
in
Pigeons(Columbia
ilivia)
farmers to elicit relevant information on factors
related to NO prevalence. Viscerotropic
Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus was
inoculated intraocularly in pigeons (columbia
livia) for pathogenicity study. A total of 1S317
outbreaks were documented with 601 (3.92) of
the outbreak diagnosed as NO. There was
significant (P<0.01) relationship in the
distribution of NO to factors like season. age.
and type of the bird. The highest prevalence
rates were recorded in the dry season
(December to March). in birds 3-4 weeks (8.13)
and 11-12 weeks (8.09). Significant (P<0.001)
relationship exists between l\D outbreaks and
the control of visitors to the farms. There was
also a significant relationship to number of
vaccination. Control of other birds! vectors and
the timing of litter clearance have a significant
(P<0.05) relationship to ND outbreak.
Management systems. accines strains and
diagnosis control of ND were round not to be
significantly (P<0.05) associated with prevalence
of NO. The velogenic strain of NO in pigeons
produced anorexia. Ruffled feathers. greenish
whitish droppings. dyspnea. leg weakness. and
mortality rate of S4.17. Postmortem lesions of
dead birds showed proventricular and
pulmonary haemorrhages. as well as
haemorrhages on the surface of tracheal
mucosa and intestine. Greenish intestinal
contents were observed. Continued eterinary
education and extension services are
recommended for poultry farmers to update
94.
Musa Usman Ori
PGS/0405/10202
29
Degenerative Joint Dec.,
Disease of Sheep 2009
and Goats in Jos
Abattoir
their know ledge especially on the importance
of vaccination. appropriate methods of accine
transportation! storage. dangers of self-diagnosis and the adoption of integrated
approach involving sanitation and bio-security
in ND prevention and control.
Ante mortem and postmortem studies were
conducted at the Jos Abbattoir between
October, 2006 and April, 2007 (Dry season)
to assess the pathology of Degenerative
Joint Disease (DJD) of suspected sheep and
goats. For the study sterile swabs of
synovial
fluid
were
taken
for
Microbiological findings and processed at
the Diagnostic Laboratory of National
Veterinary Research Institute (VOM). A total
of 143 sheep and 208 goats were
investigated. The investigation revealed that
128 (89.5) sheep and 179 (86.1 ) goats
showed gross degenerative joint lesions,
ranging from yellowish discoloration to
pitting of cartilaginous surfaces, loss of
particular cartilage with eburnation of subchonral bone and irregular depression on
the particular surfaces. Synovial fluid
samples cultured showed only two pure
growth of staphylococcus aureus and
streptococcus feacalis. Yankasa breed was
significantly (p<0.05) affected by DJD than
Uda breed. Similarly, young goats of Kano
brown breed had higher rate (p<O.05) of
DJD than West Africa Dwarf breed and only
four breeds of sheep and goats (Yankana,
95.
Kwaska, Awuni David
PGS/0102/10201
19
Prevalence
of Dec.,
Cutaneous
2009
Streptotrichosis in
Cattle Slaughtered
At
Gombe
Abbattoir
Uda, WAD and Kano brown) were used in
this research. From the findings, it is
pertinent that effective management
practices and early diagnosis should be
performed to reduce the menace of DJD in
small ruminants, thereby improving their
productivity.
Livestock provides a large part of the much
needed animal proteins in Nigeria. But
diseases incidences are major hindrances to
animal production in the country. One of
this diseases is streptotrichosis. Therefore
this study was conducted to ascertain the
prevalence of the disease in Gombe abattoir
and to estimate the economic loss caused by
the disease. A total of 17,778 cattle were
slaughtered and examined at Gombe
abattoir during the study period, among
which 15.64 were found to be infected with
cutaneous
streptrichosis.
Cutaneous
streptotrichosis rate among the males
(11.12) was lower than that of the female
(20.03). The prevalence rate of the disease
in the female cattle was statistically
significant (P<0.001) ANOVA. Higher rate
(23.52) was observed in young cattle than
adult (17.18). Prevalence rates of
streptothricosis among the three breeds of
cattle in this study at Gombe township
abattoir white Fulani (16.06), Sokoto Gudali
(13.56) and Red Bororo (12.00). The rates
of the disease among the breeds were
statistically significant (P<0.001). The
96.
Abdulazeez,
Abubakar
Apuno PGS/0102/10201
4
Characterization of April,
Local
2010
Chickens(Gallus
gallus domesticus)
In Shelleng and
Song
Local
Government Areas
of Adamawa State
prevalence rates streptothrihosis in the four
seasons of the year, late dry, early rain, late
rain and early dry seasons were 11.16
15.02, 20.70 and 15.80 respectively. The
rates were statistically, different among the
seasons. The overall prevalence of the
disease (15.64) was moderately high. This
would suggest that the health and
productivity of cattle in the study area
might be affected by infection with
streptothricosis. Therefore, cattle especially
young ones should be protected against
ticks and other biting insect and from
injuries by thorns and sharp objects
particularly in the rainy seasons when
prevalence of the disease was highest.
This study was conducted in Song and
Shelleng local government areas of
Adamawa State to examine some
characteristics of local chickens. A total of
451 chickens of both sexes were examined.
About 49 of the birds observed were males
while 51 were females. The comb type was
mostly single (96.45). Eye colours were
dark brown 37.92, light brown 28.82, dark
red 28.60, light green 2.00, pink 1.33 or
dark ash 1.33. For plumage colour, 17.07 of
the chickens were classified as black and
mottled, 14.41 dark red/golden, 13.97 dark
brown, 12.64 brown and mottled while
9.76, 6.85, 6.86 and 6.21 were classified as
ash, white, white and mottled, and black
respectively. Most chickens (38.8) had pink
97.
Abdulkarim, Umar Idris
PGS/05.6/102040
1
Record Analysis of August,
Ruminant Diseases 2010
and
Foetal
Wastages in Minna
Municipal
Abbattoir
shanks, 23.28 dark ash shanks, and 16.63
ash shanks, 12.42 light yellow shanks while
8.87 had milky, red, light pink, ash or yellow
shanks. About 40.47 of the eggs observed
were light brown. Average live weight, body
girth, body length, shank length, clutch size,
egg weight, egg length, egg width, shell
weight and shell thickness were 1.3kg,
27.59cm,18.23cm, 8.72cm, 7.86, 39.03g,
4.52cm, 3.16cm, 3.80g and 0.53mm
respectively. Generally, the local chickens in
the study area were mostly black and
mottled with dark brown eyes and pink
shanks, and mostly lay light brown eggs.
There were also distinctive differences in
almost all the measurable parameters.
These distinctions provide the basis for
which they could be classified into breeds.
This study collated data from Minna
Abattoir in Niger State Nigeria for ten (10)
years between 1997 and 2007 to investigate
the incidence of some ruminant diseases
and foetal wastages as influenced by season,
year, sex and species. The data generated
were subjected to simple descriptive
statistics,
Chi-square
and
simple
percentages. The data collected made up of
513,127 total number of animals
slaughtered, 6355 number of foetuses
encountered, and disease conditions. The
results showed that goats had the highest
slaughtered value of 46.9% followed by
cattle 43.5% while Sheep and Camels had
98.
Garba,
Toro
Mohammed PGS/0607/10204
29
Replacement Value July,
of
Sun-Dried 2010
Cassava Rpot Meal
for Maize
the lowest values of 48926 and 357
respectively. However, the mean values of
foetuses recovered from cattle, sheep, goats
and camels were significantly different
(P<0.05) with higher percentages of
wastages 76.0% in wet season compared
with the lower percentage (24.0%) in the
dry season. Higher disease occurrence were
observed in cattle (13.6%), followed by
goats (11.8%), sheep (4.0%) and camel
(1.6%)
respectively.
Insignificant
percentages of foetal wastages were
recorded in cattle (0.7%), Goat (0.3%),
Sheep
(0.2%)
and
Camel
(0.0%)
respectively. However, there is the need to
re-introduce meat inspection practices
(ante and post mortem inspections) is
desirable in order to protect the public
against outbreak of zoonotic diseases which
will increase animal production thereby
reduce foetal losses and prevent slaughter
of gravid females.
An experiment was conducted at the
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Teaching and Research Farm Bauchi, from
July-August, 2008 to investigate the
replacement value of sun dried cassava root
meal (SDCRM) for maize in broiler diets.
Sun dried cassava root meal replaced maize
at 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 designated as diets, 1,
2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Two hundred and
eighty Anak 2000 broiler chicks were
randomly allotted to five diets replicated
99.
Wamagi,
Thomas
Ishaku PGS/0405/10202
04
Phenotypic
Aug.,
Characterization of 2010
Sheep and Goats in
Southern Parts of
Kaduna
State
Nigeria
three times in a complete randomized block
design. The result of the experiment
showed that at both the starter and finisher
phases average daily feed intake and daily
weight gain differ significantly (P<0.001)
while the feed conversion ratio was not
significantly
affected by the levels of inclusion of SDCRM
in the diets. The dressing percentage
was not significantly affected by the various
treatments. Most of the carcass parameters
measured were not affected except the
lungs that was significantly (P<0.05)
affected which did not show a definite
pattern. The feed cost in Naira per
kilogramme gain decreased with increasing
levels of SDCRM with the lowest value of
N122.63 obtained on diet 5. It can be
concluded that SDCRM could replace maize
at up to 20 level of inclusion without
depression of performance and carcass
yield but the 50 level seems to be more
economical.
A study was carried out in eight local
government areas of the Southern
senatorial zone of Kaduna state to
characterize adult sheep and goats. A total
of 400 sheep and 800 goats were used. Most
of the sheep were Yankasa (spotted black),
above 3 years old and did not have beards
or wattles. On the other hand, most of the
goats were West African Dwarf (WAD) and
Red Sokoto crosses which were either black
or brown, mostly over 3 years old, without
wattles nor beards and with erect ears.
Physical characteristics studied in sheep,
namely body weight, body, face, ear, tail,
teat and testes lengths; girth, neck and
udder circumferences and wither height
were 23.22 ± 5.91kg, 60.90 ± 5. 13cm, 14.53
± 1.36cm, 10.93 ± 1.21cm, 31.29 ± 5.l2cm,
1.01 ± 1.05cm, 7.12 ± 7.06cm, 70.86 ±
6.l4cm, 27.02 ± 3.33cm, 13.43 ± 4.77cm and
61.23 ± 3.89cm respectively. The
corresponding values for goats were 19.62
± 7.29kg, 48.39 ± 6.62cm, 11.89± 1.36cm,
9.78 ± 1.33cm, 9.17 ± 1.42cm, 1.10 ±
1.06cm, 3.80 ± 4.23cm, 60.17 ± 7.91cm,
23.93 ± 6.93cm, 12.15 ± 12.43cm and 44.23
± 6.46cm. All measured characters
increased with age. There was no significant
sex difference among sheep except for face
(p<0.05), tail, teat and testes (p<0.00l)
lengths,
where
female
goats
had
significantly (p<0.0l) higher parameter
values than males. Apart from the high
positive
and
significant
(p<0.01)
correlations between girth and, body weight
(0.936) and wither height (0.731) among
sheep, other correlation values ranged from
negative to moderately positive. Correlation
values between traits among goats were
(mostly) positive, significant and ranged
from moderate to high, though a few were
negative. Where correlations between traits
are high, significant and positive, the traits
100. Abdulkarim, Rabi
PGS/0607/10204
18
Response of Broiler July,
Chickens
Fed 2010
Different
Commercial Diets
in
Bauchi
and
Environs
could be used to indicate each other. Thus a
trait that is difficult to measure could be
assessed using another that is positive,
strong and significantly correlated to it.
Negative correlations indicate inverse
relationships between traits.
An experiment was conducted between
February to April 2009 at the Abubakar
Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Research
Farm, Bauchi to evaluate performance,
carcass characteristics, haematological
parameters and cost effectiveness of
broilers fed self-formulated and four
commercial diets as coded TI (control), T2,
TJ, T4, and T5. A total of 220 Anak 2000
broiler chicks were allotted to five dietary
treatments with 44 birds per diet and 11
birds per replicate in a randomized complete block
design. Feed and water were supplied ad
libitum and the experiment lasted for 49
days. At the starter phase, daily feed intake
(32.64-43.07g) daily weight gain (l5.4431.90g) and feed conversion ratio (1.402.25) were significantly (P<0.001) affected
by the different diets. The finisher phase as
well as the pooled performance followed the
same trend except feed conversion ratio
(2.11-2.42) at the finisher phase which was
similar among the dietary treatment. Most
of the carcass parameters measured were
not affected by the treatment except
plucked weight (1.22-1.69g), eviscerated
weight (1.13-1.48), carcass (1.12-1.48),
101. Umaru Nahabu Umaru
PGS/0405/10202
01
Semen Quality and July,
Fertility of Friesian 2010
Bulls
in
Vom,
Nigeria
pancreas weight (0.l5-0.31) which differ
significantly (P<0.001). The weights of head,
spleen and abdominal fat also differ
(P<0.05) among the diets. Most of the
hematological parameters studied within
the normal range and were similar except
white blood cell (2.18-3.28) which was
significantly (P<0.01) affected by the
dietary treatments. The feed cost in Naira
per kilogram gain ranged between
W124.67kk and W190.29k with the lowest
value obtained on the control diet. It can be
concluded that most of the commercial diets
are suitable for feeding broilers, however,
the control diet (self-formulated) seemed to
be most economical.
A study was conducted between May, 2007
and October, 2009 at the Livestock
Investigation Department (LID) of National
Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom,
Nigeria to investigate the effects of season
on chilled/frozen semen, single/double
intramuscular injection of Prostaglandin F2
alpha (PGF2u) on fertility of cattle managed
under subtropical climate. The semen
quality parameters considered were
Volume (VI), Progressive motility (Pm),
Concentration (Co) and colour (Cl).
Significant (P<0.05) differences were
observed between bulls and creamy versus
milky colours in Pm and Co, values being
82.80±3.23,
82.50±2.50,
77.00±5.39,
70.00±4.45, 86.00±2.21 1.63±0.09 x 109,
102. Kawu, Yahaya Usman
PGS/0607/10204
27
Replacement Value July,
of Gaymba Millet 2010
Variety for Maize in
Broiler Diets
1.83±0.05 x 109, 1.40±0.03 x 109, 1.78±0.04
x 109, 2.65±0.04 x 109 and 84.12±1.78 vs.
74.58±3.28, 2.26±0.04 x 109 vs. 1.63±0.06 x
109 respectively. Straw colours (blue
,yellow, green, pink and plain), also showed
significant(P<0.05)difference in Co. Values
being 2.64±0.04 x 109, 1.57±0.09 x 109,
1.87±0.47 X 109, 1.85±0.05 xl09 and
1.85±0.05 x 109. Twice injection of PGF2u
gave 100 of cows on heat in both dry
(November- March) and wet (AprilOctober) seasons followed by 60 and 66.6
for single injection while the control
recorded the lowest 58.3 and 56.3 on heat
for dry and wet seasons respectively. Also
higher conception rates of 85.7 was
obtained with cows inseminated with
chilled semen as opposed to 62.2 with
frozen semen. However, a better conception
rate of 85.7 was obtained with chilled
semen in the wet season while the reverse
is the case with frozen semen. The study
reveals that season, semen condition and
effective synchronization of animals had
positive effect on reproductive performance
of cattle.
A 56-day trial to determine the performance
and economics of broilers fed diets
containing graded levels of Gayamba millet
(GM) was conducted. One Hundred and
ninety five 2-week old Anak 2000 broiler
chicks were randomly allotted to five diets
in triplicate lots of 13 birds each in a
completely randomized design. In the diets,
GM replaced maize at 0,25,50,75 and 100
levels. GM had crude protein 12.23, crude
fibre 3.16, ether extract 3.61, ash 3.73,
nitrogen free extract 67.22 and dry matter
89.95. Daily weight gain was higher
(51.35g) (P<0.00l) in birds fed the 100 GM
diet. Feed-to-gain ratio also followed a
similar trend (P<0.001). The best value
(2.01) was obtained in the 100 group. No
significant effect (P>0.05) in daily feed
intake was observed among the treatments.
The carcass parameters: live weight (2.26 3.08kg), plucked weight (2.09-2.89kg),
Eviscerated weight (1.82-2.65kg), carcass
weight (1.61- 2.43kg) and dressing
percentage (70.75-78.90), were significantly
(P<0.001) affected by the dietary
treatments. The highest values were
recorded in chickens fed the 100 GM diet.
Relative organ weights also showed
significant difference among treatments.
The control, 25, and 50 groups had
significantly (P<0.05) higher live weights
than other treatments. Gizzard weights
which differed at (P<0.0l) were higher in
the control group. Kidney weights were
found to be significantly (P<0.0l) lower
among the 75 group. The Feed cost per kg
weight gain decreased with increase level of
GM in the diets. It was therefore concluded
that GM could completely (100) replace
maize in broiler diet with better
103. Abubakar
Usman
Danladi PGS/0607/10204
28
Utilization
Of July,
Differently
2010
Processed
Soyabeans
Products in Broiler
Diets
performance, carcass yield and reduced
feed cost.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate
the performance, carcass characteristics,
and economic analysis of broilers fed diets
containing differently processed soyabean
products. Four isonitrogeneous and is
caloric diets for starter (29.98) CP, 2940
kcal/kg ME) and finisher (20 CP, 2856
kcal/kg ME) phases were formulated in
which differently processed soyabean
products were used. A total of 200 Anak
2000 broilers were randomly assigned to
four diets: diet I. Whole seed and Cooked;
diet 2. Whole seed and Roasted diet 3.
Cracked seed and Cooked and diet 4.
Cracked seed and Roasted and each were
replicated four times in a RCBD. Feed and
clean water were supplied ad- libitum and
the experiment lasted for eight weeks. At
the starter phase, daily feed intake (60.43 69.78g) and daily weight gain (27.94 31.59g) were significantly (P<0.05) affected,
while the feed conversion ratio (2.16 - 2.24)
and mortality rate (2 _ 6 broilers) were not
significant. The corresponding values of
160.67- 178.87g, 43.94 _ 50.40g, 3.51 - 3.69
and 0 - 4 for daily feed intake, daily weight
gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality
rates respectively at the finisher phases
were not affected by the dietary treatments.
The pooled performance of the broilers
104. Kosden, Binan Yilfwom
PGS/0506/10203
97
Response of Broiler Dec.,
Chickens
To 2010
Different Levels of
Roasted Bambara
Groundnut Meal
were not affectet. Most of the carcass
parameters measured were not affected
except the dressing percentage (72.94 _
76.32), (P<0.05). The feed cost in naira per
kilogram gain ranged between N181.5 and
N189.86 with the lowest value obtained on
roasted whole soyabean seed. It can be
concluded that all the processing methods
were effective in detoxifying anti nutritional
factors in soyabean seeds are suitable for
broiler feeding without deleterious effect on
performance and carcass yield.
An experiment was conducted at the
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Teaching and Research Poultry Farm,
Bauchi to evaluate the performance and
carcass characteristics of broiler chickens
fed different levels of roasted bambaranut
meal based diets. Two hundred and sixteen
Marshal Broiler Chicks were randomly
allotted to six dietary treatments in which
bambara meal was-included at 0, 20, 25, 30, 35
and 40 levels. Each treatment had three
replicates of twelve birds per replicate. At
the starter phase, daily feed intake (33.35 61.89g, P<0.00l), daily weight gain (14.58 27.00g, P<0.00l) and feed conversion ratio
(2.02 - 2.30, P<0.05) were significantly
higher. At the finisher phase, daily feed
intake (63.46 - 120.27g, P<0.001) daily
weight gain (22.87 - 43.13g, P<0.0l) and
feed conversion ratio (2.81 - 4.19g, P<0.01)
were also significantly higher on the dietary
105. Akinyemi,
Adedapo
Adebayo PGS/0607/10204
24
The
Effect
of Jan.,
Energy Source and 2011
Processing
Methods of Soya
Beans
on
the
Performance
of
Broiler Chickens
levels of bambara. The overall performance
showed that daily feed intake (48.41 93.55g, P<0.0l), daily weight gain (18.73 34.90g, P<0.0l) and feed conversion ratio
(2.48 -- 3.38g, P<0.05) were significantly
affected and were higher than the control.
Carcass characteristics measured were
affected. Most of the organ weights
including
dressing
percentage
and
abdominal
fat
were
not
affected
significantly (P>0.05). However, head and
kidney weights were significantly (P<0.05)
affected by dietary treatments. Feed cost in
Naira per kg body gain tended to decrease
with increasing levels of bambara. The
result indicated that roasted bambaranut
could be included in the diet of broilers at
35 level without depression of performance
and carcass yield, and with concomitant
reduction in feed cost, associated with
raising broilers.
An experiment was conducted to investigate
the effect of two energy sources and
processing methods of soyabean on the
growth performance of broiler chickens.
Four dieting trents were formulated using
maize and roasted soyabean, maize and
cooked soyabean, sorghum and roasted
soyabean, sorghum and cooked soyabean,
for treatments 1,2,3 and 4 respectively. Two
hundred day old Anak 2000 broiler chicks
were randomly allotted to the four dietary
treatments in a completely randomized
106. Bello-Tiffi, Abdullahi
PGS/0506/10204
00
Utilization
of March,
Varying Proportion 2011
of Sweet Potato
Haulms and Maize
Offal in Diets of
Weaner Rabbits
design replicated five times with ten birds
per replicate. Result showed that birds on
diet 2 (maize and cooked soyabean) had a
significantly (P<0.001) higher final body
weight and plucked weight than birds on
other diets. Also birds on diet 2 recorded
significantly (P<0.05) higher feed intake and
higher weight gain than their counterparts.
Feed cost (N/kg gain) was lower in birds on
diet 4 (N 196.16) and highest in birds on
diet 1 (N 210.64). Based on the satisfactory
growth
performance
and
carcass
characteristics obtained , maize and cooked
soyabean (diet 2) is recommended in the
diet of broiler chicken. It can be
recommended that maize and cooked
soyabeans could be used as energy and
protein sources in broiler diets for a
satisfactory growth performance and
carcass characteristics. However, sorghum
and cooked soyabean based diet seemed to
be most economical
An experiment was conducted to assess the
performance and carcass characteristics of
weaner rabbits fed varying proportions of
sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) haulms and
maize (Zea mays) offal in their diets for
eight weeks. Twenty eight (28) weaner
rabbits of mixed breeds, weighing averagely
0.84kg were randomly allotted to four
groups of seven animals each in a
completely randomized design. Four
isonitrogenous diets were formulated in
such a way that Ipomoea batatas haulms
(IBH) and maize offal (MO) were included at
various levels, so that the two ingredients
collectively constituted 50 of the diets as
follows;
I
(50
MO/0IBH),
2
(37.5M0I12.5IBH), 3 (25MO/25IBH), 4
(l2.SMO/37.SIBH). The results indicated
that daily dry matter intake differed
(P<0.001) among the treatments. Rabbits
fed diet4 recorded the least value of
n.S4g/day. Animals on the other treatments
had similar and higher values; crude protein
intake was similar across the treatments.
The crude protein intakes ranged from
14.44 to 16. 13g/day. Crude fibre intake of
the rabbits differed significantly (P<0.05)
among the diets. Animals fed diets 3 and 4
recorded higher values of 14.51 and
16.55g/day respectively, while those on
dietihad the least (8.65g/day). All the
animals gained weight which indicated that
the intake of energy and proteins were well
above maintenance requirements. However,
the daily weight gain was not different
across the diets and the values ranged from
14.02 to I8.2Ig/day. Animals on diet 1 (0.83)
and 3 (0.86) had significantly (P<0.01)
better protein efficiency compared to those
on the other diets. The least protein
efficiency was observed for rabbits on diet 2
(1.15). Feed conversion ratio was, however,
similar across the diets. Carcass weight was
107. Dangombe,
Muhammad
Asma’u PGS/0405/10202
09
Replacement Value March,
of
Grasshopper( 2011
oedaleus
senegalensis
F.)
Meal in the Diets of
Broilers
significantly (P<0.05) higher for animals on
diet 3 (II3S.00g). This was followed by those
on diets 1(l083.00g) and 2 (l054.00g).
Animals on diet 4 recorded the least carcass
weight (860.20g). Feed cost per Kg gain was
higher for rabbits on diet 2 (N3I4.4S) and
lowest for those on diet 3 (N201.49). It was
concluded from the result of this study that
varying proportions of IBH and MO could be
included at up to 50 of the diets without any
deleterious effects on performance and
carcass quality and with concomitant
reduction in feed cost per Kg gain. It was
also suggested that higher than 50 inclusion
rate of the two ingredients could be
experimented in future to determine how
weaner rabbits may perform on them.
An experiment was conducted at the
Poultry Production Unit (P.P.U) Farm,
Gombe to evaluate the replacement value of
grasshopper meal for fish meal in broiler
diets. Six diet were formulated in which
grasshopper meal replaced Fishmeal at
0,20,30,40,50 and 60 levels involving
treatment To,'1'J, '1'2, '1'3,'1'4 and '1'5
respectively. Two hundred and forty (240)
Marshall breed of the broiler chicks were
randomly allotted to the treatment diets
with 40 birds per diet. Feed and water was
given ad-libitum and the experiment lasted
for eight weeks. At the starter phase (1-4
weeks) the daily feed intake (47-50g) was
108. ***
PGS/0405/10202
21
Effect of Feeding May,
Graded Levels of 2011
Palm Kernel Cake
On Milk Yield and
Milk Composition
on Bunaji Cattle
not affected, however, daily weight gain
(8.82-11. 74g) and the feed conversion ratio
(4.24-6.19) were significantly affected
(P<0.05) but both daily weight gain (51.6264.63) and feed conversion ratio (2.6-2.7)
were not affected. The overall performance
showed that no significant effect on daily
feed intake (71.09-73.59g), daily weight
gain (25.47-25.74g) and feed conversion
ratio (3.43-4.44). Most of the carcass
parameters measured were not significantly
affected except the gastro-intestinal
(P<0.05). The feed cost in Naira per
kilogram gain ranged from 293.40-267.34
with the lowest value obtained on diet 2 and
the highest on diet 4. It could be concluded
that grasshopper meal can replace 60 of fish
meal in broiler diets with no adverse effect
on performance and carcass yield.
Effect of graded levels of palm kernel cake
(PKC) as feed supplement on milk yield and
milk composition of 12 healthy lactating
Bunaji cows were studied. The experimental
design was a completely randomized design
and involved twelve lactating Bunaji cows
with an initial weight of 317kg and balanced
parity. The cows were fed four diets
containing 0,10,20 and 30 of PKC and the
feeding trial lasted for three months. Each
treatment was replicated three times and
each animal received 3.17kg supplement for
an adjustment period of two weeks and
increased to 8kg daily ration during the
109. Joshua, Philip Kaichi
PGS/0607/10204
15
Incidence
of June,
Disease and Foetal 2011
Loss in Ruminants
in Jalingo Abattoir
of Taraba State,
Nigeria
experimental period. The diets were
isonitrogenous and isocaloric (15 Crude
Protein and 2600kcal) while the basal diet
was natural grazing.PKC used was analyzed
and found to contain protein and energy (16
CP and 2440 Kcal/kg) respectively. At 20
levels of inclusion in the diet, PKC gave
significantly (P<0.05) better milk yield and
milk composition than the control, 1 0 and
30 levels of inclusion. The study revealed
that 20 inclusion of Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)
in the diets of dairy cattle resulted in 25
increases in milk yield and in milk fat
composition and 9.4 increase in milk total
solids. There was no incidence of morbidity
and mortality among the treatments. It was
concluded and recommended that 20 of PKC
in the diet of Bunaji cattle was adequate to
support good milk yield and milk
composition.
The study collected slaughter records of
eleven years (1998 - 2008) from Jalingo
abattoir in order to examine the incidence
of disease and foetal loss as affected by
species, year, season and sex of animal. A
total
of
347,943
ruminants
were
slaughtered, out of which 7045 (2.02%)
were infected with diseases. On species
basis 7.49, 0.19 and 0.29% of the 92,371
cattle, 29,546 sheep and 226,026 goats
slaughtered respectively, were diseased.
The commonest diseases of cattle were
fascioliasis, tuberculosis and contagious
110. Ibrahim, Taryan Baraza
PGS/0203/10201
08
Performance and July,
Carcass
2011
Characteristics of
Broiler
Chickens
Fed Varying Levels
of Rice Offal
bovine pleuro pneumonia. On the other
hand, the commonest disease of sheep and
goats was oesophagostomiasis. There were
significant differences between species
(P<0.0l), year, season (P<0.0l) and sex
(P<0.00l) in disease infection incidence.
Disease infection rate varied across years
with a highest infection in 2002 - 2005. The
highest disease infection rate was recorded
during the early rains and dry season and
least during late rains. Males were generally
more infected than females. The proportion
of foetal loss was highest in sheep (7.36%)
followed by cattle (5.4%) and goats
(1.79%). Foetal loss also varied by year. On
season basis, foetal loss was highest during
the rainy season. Although incidences of
disease were fairly low, some of the
diseases encountered were those that have
been strongly campaigned against in the
past, several of which are contagious or
infectious. In view of this, disease incidences
as observed are still of great concern to the
livestock production and health industry.
More attention should be paid to the rainy
season in the control of disease and
slaughter of pregnant animals.
A feeding trial was conducted at Poultry
Research Farm, ATBU, Bauchi to investigate
the effect of graded levels of rice offal on the
performance and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens. Rice offal replaced wheat
offal at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 levels
designated as diets I, 2, 3, 4 and 5
respectively. Two hundred Marshall broilers
chicks were randomly allotted to five
dietary treatments with fourty chicks per
treatment replicated four times. Feed and
water were supplied ad libitum and the
experiment lasted for eight (8) weeks. At
starter phase daily feed intake (62.19 to
76.llg), daily weight gain (17.99 to 24.79g)
and feed conversion ratio (2.56 to 3.70)
were not significantly different among the
diets. Also finisher phase showed that daily
feed intake followed the same trend as
starter phase. The overall performance
showed that daily feed intake was not
affected; however, daily weight gain (29.17
to 38.llg) and feed conversion ratio (2.47 to
3.58) were influenced by the dietary levels
of rice offal. The daily weight gain decreased
while the feed conversion ratio increased
with increasing levels of rice offal. It can be
concluded that rice offal can replace wheat
offal as source of fibre at 50 level without
depression on performance and carcass
yield with concomitant reduction in feed
cost.
111. Bale, Jerry Sarven
PGS/0607/10204
13
Effect of Graded July,
Levels of Baobab 2011
Seed Meals On
Performance
of
Broiler Chickens in
Zaria, Nigeria
A feeding trial was conducted to determine
the effect of graded levels of baobab seed
meal on growth performance, carcass
characteristics
and
haematological
parameters of broiler chickens. A total of
two hundred one-week old broiler chicks of
the Anak strain were randomly distributed
to five dietary treatments. Each treatment
was replicated four times with 10 birds per
replicate in a completely randomize design
(CRD) for a period of 8 weeks. Baobab seed
meal was included in the broiler chicken
diets at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% levels
designated as diet 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5,
respectively for both the starter and
finisher phases. At the starter phase (1-4
weeks) feed intake (65.18g - 71.73g), daily
weight gain (30.36g - 36.16g) and feed
conversion ratio (1.96 - 2.39) were not
significantly (P>0.05) affected by the
dietary treatments. However, at finisher
phase (5-8 weeks) the daily feed intake and
weight gain were significantly affected at
(P<0.00l) and (P<0.05) across the dietary
treatment, respectively. Feed conversion
ratio was not significantly (P>0.05)
different among all the treatments means.
The overall performance showed significant
difference at (P<0.001 and P<0.01) for daily
feed intake and daily weight gain,
respectively. The birds fed on 20% dietary
level of inclusion had the highest daily
weight gain (44.55 g) and lowest value was
recorded from diet 5 (40%). The
hematological parameters were not affected
by the dietary treatments.
The feed cost per gain (N/kg gain) was
cheaper (N142.44) in diet 4 and most
expensive (N163.69) in diet 1 (0%) during
112. Neji, Emmanuel Odok
PGS/0506/10203
89
Evaluation of Some July,
Factors Influencing 2011
Litter Traits in Pigs
under
Intensive
Management
System in Southern
Guinea Savannah of
Nigeria
the starter phase, while in the finisher
phase diet 5 was cheaper (N176.36) and
diet 3 being expensive (N198.10). It was
therefore concluded that baobab seed meal
can be incorporated into broiler chicken
diets up to 20% without any deleterious
effect on their performance.
This study was conducted to evaluate some
factors inf1uencing litter traits in pigs by
utilizing records or 132 sows having 143
farrowings. The 923 piglets produced
classified into six genetic groups. namely.
Large White. Hampshire. Duroc, Large
White X Hampshire. Large White X Duroc
and Hampshire X Duroc. The records were
collected from National Animal Production
Research Institute. Otukpo out-station.
Benue State between 1983 2008. The traits
studied were litter size at birth (LSB). litter
size at weaning (LSW). average weight at
birth (AW13). average weight at weaning
(AWW). number born alive (NBA). number
born dead (NBD) and mortality rate (MR).
The factors considered were genetic group.
farrowing season and parity. The overall
means for LSB. LSW. NBA and NBD were
6.40 ! 0.17.5.43 L 0.17.5.99 ! 0.17. and 0.41!
0.09. respectively. The values for A WB and
A WW were 1.11 ! 0.05 kg. and 7.13 0.19 kg.
Respectively. The average pre-weaning
mortality rate was 14.39, 0.83%.
Genetic group exerted a significant
influence on A WB (P<O.OO 1) and A WW
(P<O.O 1)_ while LSB and LSW had no
influence on all the factors considered.
However. parity significantly (P<O.O 1)
affected A WW and NBA. whereas farrowing
season did not influence any of the traits
studied. Large White had the highest NBA
with a mean of 6.46 + 0.31 piglets. Duree
had the highest :\ WB with a mean of 2.52 I
0.42 kg and also the highest A WW with a
mean of 8.10 i 0.67 kg. l.arge White X Duroc
and Large White recorded the lowest A WB
and A V·/W with the respective values of
0.97 1 0.05 kg and 6.24 1 0.26 kg. On the
basis of parity distribution. the highest A
WW was observed in the second parity
(7.47 J 0.44 kg) while the lowest value was
observed in 7 parity (6.58 0.31 kg). For
NBA. the highest and lowest values were
observed in the fifth and the first parities.
the values being 7.25 + 0.62 and 4.84 0.32.
respectively. The number of piglets
increased steadily hom the first up till the
fifth and declined thereafter. LSB and LSW
were strongly associated positively (r
0.7(3). Both traits were strongf correlated
with NBA (0.86 and 0.877, respectively).
Litter size and average weight were
negatively correlated. In conclusion. the
study showed differences among the
genetic groups in terms of WB and VVW.
and that sows in their mid-parities
(between second and sixth parities) tended
to have more piglets born alive than in the
113. Bako, Ayuba Habila
PGS/0607/10204
19
Evaluation of Two July,
Protein
Sources 2011
and Three Fibre
Sources in the Diets
of Broiler Chickens
extreme parities (first and seventh). It also
revealed that the higher the LS13 the higher
the LSW but the lower the average weight
at birth and weaning .
An experiment was conducted at the
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Research Farm, Bauchi from February to
April, 2009 to evaluate two protein sources
(fullfat soybean meal and local groundnut
cake) and three fibre sources (wheat offal,
maize offal and rice offal) in the diets of
broiler chickens. Six diets: (1) fullfat
soybean meal/wheat offal (SBM/MO); (2)
fullfat soybean meal/maize offal (SBM/MO);
(3) fullfat soybean meal/rice offal
(SBM/RO); (4) local groundnut cake/wheat
offal (LGC/WO); (5) local groundnut
cake/maize offal (LGC/MO); (6) local
groundnut cake/rice offal (LGC/RO) were
formulated and coded as diets A, B, C, D, E
and F respectively for both the starter (23
crude protein) and finisher (19.5 crude
protein) phases. The experiment was a 2 x 3
factorial design. Two hundred and sixteen
day old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were
randomly assigned to six treatments each
replicated three times. Feed and water were
provided ad-libitum throughout the
experiment which lasted for a period often
weeks. There were no fibre sources (FS)protein sources (PS) interaction effects on
daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion
ratio (FCR) during the starter, finisher and
the combined starter and finisher phases. At
the starter phase, there was PS - FS
interaction effect on DWG (P< 0.05). There
were also PS and FS main effects on DFI (P<
0.001 and P< 0.01 respectively). FS did not
affect either DWG or FCR, but DWG was
affected by PS (P< 0.001). At the finisher
phase, there were no FS- PS interaction
effects on DFI, DWG and FCR. However, both
DFI and DWG were affected by PS (p <
0.001) and FS (p < 0.05). FCR was also
affected by PS (p < 0.001). DFI for the entire
period of the starter and finisher phases
was affected by FS (P< 0.01) and PS (P<
0.001). DWG was affected by both FS and PS
(p < 0.001). Combined FCR for the starter
and finisher phases were affected by only PS
(P< 0.001). Most of the gut and carcass
characteristics measured were not affected
by diets, but there was a PS-FS interaction
effect on carcass weight (P< 0.05). PS
affected weights of liver (P< 0.001), small
intestine (P< 0.01), abdominal fat (P< 0.01),
caecum (P< 0.01) and pancreas (P< 0.001)
as well as intestinal length (p< 0.05).
Caecum weight was also affected by FS
(P<0.05). Fullfat soybean based diets
resulted in 54.5% higher weight gain and
21.4 reduction in feed conversion ratio than
GNC diets in broilers. Wheat offal gave 31.6
increases in weight gain over maize offal.
Combined analysis of the results for the
entire period of starter and finisher phases
114. Abdullahi,
Bolanle
115. Ibrahim,
Faosat PGS/0607/10204
16
Muhammad PGS/02-
Effect of Graded July,
Levels
of 2011
Methionine
Supplementation
on the Performance
of Broiler Chickens
in Bauchi, Nigeria
Performance
and July,
showed that fullfat SBM and WO were the
best ingredients for formulating broiler
diets.
The experiment was conducted at the Abubakar
Tarawa Balewa University, Bauchi Teaching and
Research Farm. The experiment was aimed at
evaluating the performance o l' broiler chickens
fed varying levels (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5%) of
methionine as a supplement. The five dietary
treatments were fed to two hundred (200)
Zartech broiler chickens in a completely
randomized design. Each dietary treatment was
replicated four times with ten (10) birds per
replicate. Feed and water were given ad libitum.
Daily feed intake and weekly weight gains were
recorded a period of eight weeks. Carcass
analysis was carried out at the end or the eight
weeks. The starter phase (1-4 weeks) did not
show any significant (P>O.OS) differences in all
parameters. There were significant (P<().OS)
differences in the daily feed intake (157.29171.2Sg) at the finisher phase, while daily weight
gain (S8.12-()2.Sg) and Iced conversion ratio were
not significantly (P>().OS) affected. The daily
weight gain was highest (P<0.0l) on the 0.5%
level methionine supplementation at the overall
phase. Most or the carcass and gut parameters
were not affected except live weight, abdominal
fat(P<0.05) and plucked weight (P<0.01) that
were significantly different. It can be concluded
that 0.5% methionine in broiler chicken diet is
recommended for optimum performance.
An experiment was conducted at Poultry
Arabi
03/10201
07
Carcass
2011
Characteristics of
Broiler
Chickens
Fed Varying Levels
of Pigeon Pea Seed
Meal
Research Farm ATBU, Bauchi to evaluate
the performance of broiler chickens fed
varying levels of Pigeon pea seed meal
(PPSM) based diets. Pigeon pea seed meal
was incorporated at 0, 10, 20 and 30 levels
designated as diets 1, 2, 3 and 4
respectively. Two hundred (200) Marshall
Broiler chicks were randomly allotted to
four dietary treatments with fifty chicks per
treatment in which each treatment was
replicated five times. Feed and water were
supplied ad libitum. and the experiment
lasted for eight (8) weeks. At the end of the
starter phase daily feed intake (68.39-8IAlg)
were significantly different (P<0.05) by
increasing the dietary levels of pigeon pea
seed meal. However, daily weight gain and
feed conversion ratio were similar among
the treatments. At the finisher phase daily
feed intake (l60.08-170.SSg) were also
significantly different (P<0.01) among the
dietary treatments, while daily weight gain
(36.S7 -S1.90g) and feed conversion ratio
(3.30- -l.53) were similar. The overall
performance showed a high significant
difference (P<0.01) in daily feed intake
across the diets but in daily weight gain and
feed conversion ratio were similar. Most of
the carcass parameters measured were not
affected by the inclusion of pigeon pea in
the diets, however, feed cost in naira per
kilogram gain increased slightly at 20 and
30 inclusion rate. It can be concluded that
pigeon pea seed meal could be included in
the diets of broiler chickens at 30 level with
no adverse effects on performance and
carcass yield.
116. Walia Hamman
PGS/0405/10202
23
Dry Matter Yield Aug.,
and
Chemical 2011
Composition
of
Some
Important
Forage Grasses at
Different Stages of
Growth
Around
Bauchi Metropolis
This study was designed to investigate the
dry matter yield and chemical composition of some
important forage grasses (Andropogon
gayanus
Kunth,
Cynodon
dactylon
L,Sporobolus pyramidalis L) around Bauchi
metropolis at different stages of growth.
Samples of the forage grasses were
randomly collected every two weeks for a
period of 20 weeks. Samplings were done
between July 2ih to 13th December, 2007
and of the grasses were collected for dry
matter evaluation and for crude protein
(CP), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Acid
detergent fiber(ADF) and Acid detergent
lignin(ADL) analyses. The results showed
positive correlation with increase in
maturity for DM, NDF, ADF and ADL and
highly significant at P<0.05 while CP and
ash showed an overall negative correlation
with increase in maturity and significant at
P<0.05. The results showed that stages of
growth have a profound effect on quality
and quantity of forage grasses because as
the grasses advance in age the crude protein
level declines, while the neutral and acid
detergent fibers and acid lignin increases.
The decline in protein, ash and increase in
the fibers and lignin affect feed intake and
117. Nasir, Abdullahi Jama’a
PGS/0405/10202
27
digestibility negatively. It is therefore
recommended that routine forage analysis
be carried out on our range grasses to
enable us ascertain their quality from time
to time because of seasonal fluctuations in
their nutritive values. Regression equations
for the crude protein of the three important
grasses were formulated. The regression
equation CP=9.46-0.116273X for crude
protein of Andropogon gayanus was used to
determine the level of supplementation and
when to start hay making in view of the fact
that Andropogon gayanus produced more
than 65 of total dry matter yield of the total
pasture.
Evaluation of The Oct.,201 An experiment was conducted to evaluate
Nutritive Value of 1
the nutritive value of sorghum variety ICSV
Sorghum Variety
400 as a replacement for maize in broiler
ICSV and 400 in
diets. Five diets were formulated for both
Broiler Diets
the starter and finisher phases, in which
the sorghum variety ICSV 400 was included
at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels and the
diets designated as treatments Tl, T2, T3,
T4 and T5 respectively. Sorghum was used
to replace maize as a dietary energy source.
Two hundred day old Anak 2000 broiler
chicks were allotted to the five treatments
in a completely randomized design. Each of
the five treatments was replicated four
times, with ten birds per replicate. At the
starter phase, which lasted for 4 weeks,
birds on Tl consumed significantly (P<0.0l)
less feed (61.63g) than birds on T5
118. Balak, Gyang Gutt
PGS/0607/10204
21
Prevalence
of Aug.,
Trypanosomiasis
2012
and
Other
Haemoparasites in
Swine, Ovine and
Caprine Species in
Gombe South of
Nigeria
(74.35g), T2 (73.98g) and T4 (71.85g), but
consumed similar feed to those on T3
(67.07g). Daily weight gain (24.02g 33.04g) and feed conversion ratio (2.26 2.83g) were not significantly affected by
dietary treatments. At the finisher phase
which lasted for 3 weeks and the overall
phase (7 weeks), no significant differences
between treatments were observed.
Carcass parameters were not affected by
dietary treatments but small intestine
weight tended to decrease with increasing
level of sorghum. Feed cost in W/kg gain
tended to be lower (NI 66.90) in diet 4
(75% sorghum) and higher (N 213.58) in
diet 3 (50 sorghum). It was concluded that
sorghum variety ICSV 400 could completely
replace maize in broiler diets without
adverse effects on the general performance
of the birds.
The prevalence of trypanosomiasis and
other haemoparasites were studied in
Swine, Ovine and Caprine species of animals
kept domestically in Gombe South
(Kaltungo, Shongom, Billiri and Balanga
LGAS') of Gombe state, Nigeria. A total of of
8 districts (Kaltungo, Ture, Shongorn,
Lapan, Billiri, Tanglang Balanga and Cham)
and 12 major communities (Bangaje,
Kalorgu, Ture Mai, Ture Balain, Burak,
Kilang, Lapan, Sansani, Kambilo, Balanga.
Gelengu and Dadiya) were considered for
the study of trypanosomiasis and other
haemorparasites infections. A total of 704
animals consisting of 335 (47.59%) Swine,
230 (32.67%) Ovine and 139 (19.67%)
Caprine were examined. Out of this number,
104 (14.77%) were recorded as positive
cases. The spread of the infection in the
animal species was (4.12%) in Swine, 40
(5.68%) in Ovine and 35 (4.97%) in
Caprine. The number of positive cases in the
LGAS' were 23 (3.27%) for Kaltungo, 29
(4.12%) for Shongo:n, 34(4.82%) for Billiri
and 18 (2.56) for Balanga. The prevalence
oftrypanosomes was 35 (4.97%) and that of
other haemoparasites was 69 (9.80%). The
most prevalent strains in the study area
with their corresponding values are
Babesia, 31 (4.40), Mi crofi lin a, 28
(3.98%) and Trypanosoma vivax 20
(2.84%). Others were Trypanosoma brucei
10 (0.71), Anaplasma 10 (1.42%) and
Trypanosoma congolense, 5 (1.42%). The
infection rates of 70 (9.94%), 18 (2.56%), 6
(0.85%) and 10 (1.42%) were recorded for
adult females, adult males, young females
and young males respectively. Mean Packed
Cell
Volume
(PCV)
for
infected
(24.15±5.45%)
and
noninfected
(33.24±6.81%) animals between the LGAS'
differed significantly (P<0.01) (P<0.001).
Haematocrit Centrifugation Technique
(HCT) and giemsa stained thin blood film
were more efficient than the giemsa stained
thick blood film. A total of 8 vectors (2
119. Nyam, Pam Philip
Pgs/0506/10203
99
Reproductive
Aug.,
Techniques
for 2012
Improving Fertility
in
Rabbits
in
Bauchi State
Glossina, 2Stol7loxys, 3 Tabanids and 1.
Simulium) were identified. The high
prevalence of Trypanosomiasis and other
haernoparasites in Swine, Ovine and
Caprine species in Gombe South is an
indication that these species of animals
must be included in the chemotherapy and
chemoprophylaxis campaigns in this zone.
The present study was designed to evaluate
techniques for improving fertility in rabbits
in Bauchi from April 2007 to July 2008 at
the teaching and research farm of the
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University,
Bauchi. The trial was conducted on a total of
90 rabbits of two breeds, improved and
local. The improved breeds were
predominantly New Zealand white and its
reciprocal crosses. The experiments were
carried out to investigate difference in
semen characteristics, and fertility following
artificial insemination having the four
groups treated with PMSG, heG, teaser buck
and natural mating as control. The results
revealed that the ejaculate volume, sperm
concentration, total sperm per ejaculation,
live sperm, abnormal sperm and sperm
motility were significantly (P<0.05) higher
in favour of the improved breeds values as
follows: 0.62± 0.14 vs 0,49 ± 0.16; 98.11 ±
1.12 vs 91.71 ± 1.28; 60.60 ± 1,48 vs 44.67 ±
1.69; 71.39 ±0.93 vs 63.00 ± 1.06; 28.80 ±
0.97 vs 36.71 ± 1.10 and 70.34 ± 1.37 vs
60.65 ± 1.56 respectively for the improved
120. Haruna Jamilu
PGS/0607/10204
22
Response
Of Sept.,
Broiler
Chickens 2012
Fed
Diets
Containing
Differently
Processed
Bambaranut(vigna
and local rabbits. It was also shown that gel
volume was the only semen variable not
statistically affected by breed (P>0.05). The
results also revealed that no significant
differences (P>0.05) were observed
between breeds in receptivity, fertility rates,
kits kindled alive, death and stillborn
calculated kit birth weight and does body
weight after kindling. However, the
conception rates were significant (P<0.05)
in favour of the improved breed to the local
breed for the heG treatment 85.7 verses
75.0 respectively. Rabbits responded well to
exogenous administration of hormones and
artificial insemination was possible at a preestablished time after synchronizing
ovulation. Most protocols gave satisfactory
conception rate comparable to those
achieved in rabbits inseminated at natural
estrus. It was therefore, concluded that the
high variability in all the semen
characteristics were in favour of the
improved breeds, he G was found as a
valuable and reliable protocol for enhancing
receptivity find conception compared to the
other methods.
An experiment was conducted between
February and April 2009 at Abubakar
Tafawa Balewa University Research Farm to
evaluate the response of broiler chickens
fed diets containing differently processed
bambaranut products. Two hundred Anak
2000 broiler chicks were allotted to five
subterranean ( L)
verote Meal
dietary treatments. Diet (control): Diet 2
roasted whole bambaranuts: Diet 3 boiled
whole bambaranuts seed: Diet 4 cracked
and roasted bambaranuts seed; Diet 5
cracked and boiled bambaranuts seed. The
experimental design was a Completely
Randomized Block Design (CRBD). The
birds were fed ad libitum and the feeding
trial lasted for eight weeks. At the starter
phase, daily feed intake (34.44 -- 47.65g)
and daily weight gain (13.27-20.02g) were
significantly different (P<0.00l). However,
feed conversion ratio was not significantly
different. At the finisher phase, daily feed
intake (121.84-136.33g), daily weight gain
(44.78-63.96g) and feed conversion ratio
(3.02-4.23g) were not significantly different.
The overall performance showed that, daily
feed intake (78.64-89.34), daily weight gain
(19.03-40.26g) were not significantly
affected by the dietary treatments and feed
conversion ratio (2.48-4.23g) was affected
(P<0.05). Most of the carcass parameters
studied were not significantly affected
except
live
weight
(1.62-1.73kg),
eviscerated weight (1.32-1. 75kg which
were significantly (P<0.0l) affected. The
feed cost in naira per kilogramme gain was
not affected by different processing
methods of bambaranut. It can be concluded
that
all the
differently processed
bambaranut products could be use to
substitute roasted soyabean in the diets of
121. Bello
Mohammed
Ibrahim PGS/0910/10204
56
Prevalence
of Dec.,
Trypanosomosis in 2012
Ruminants
Slaughtered
at
Bauchi
Metropolitant
Abattoir
Bauchi
State, Nigeria
broilers with no adverse effects on
performance and carcass yield.
trypanosomosis is one of the major
constraints for livestock productivity in
sub-saharan Africa and is ranked by F AO
among the first three (3) priorities of
veterinary reportable diseases. This study
was conducted at the Bauchi metropolitan
abattoir, Bauchi state which lasted for six
months (April-September), it determined
the current prevalence of trypanosomosis
in the study area. A total of 600 preslaughter blood samples comprising 240
from cattle, 180 from sheep and so from
goats were collected for parasitological
survey using Giemsa thick and thin smear
examination technique.
The
overall
prevalence
rate
of
trypanosomosis was found to be 16.50%
consisting of 9.33% in cattle, 4.50% in
sheep and 2.67% in goat respectively.
Trypanosoma vivax was the predominant
isolate (14%), followed by trypanosoma
brucei (2.51%).Three hundred and fourty
eight male animals and two hundred and
fifty two female animals were and more
female animals (20.64%) were discovered
to be infected than males (13.51%). Bunaji
42 (17.50), Yankasa 21(11.67) and Kano
Brown 10(5.56%) breeds were found to be
more infected among cattle, sheep and
goats respectively. Although, there was no
significant difference among infection and
122. Ngwu Hyacinth Chioke
PGS/0910/10204
64
Seroepidemiology
Dec.,
of
Newcastle 2012
Disease in Pigeon,
Guinea
Fowls,
Ducks, Turkeysand
Local Chickens in
Bauchi Metropolis,
Bauchi
State,
Nigeria
months in the period of study, higher
prevalence rates (8.06%-9.72%) were
recorded between April-July, while the
rates became low.(5.83%-5.840 from
August-September. These findings have
established that trypanosomosis abounds
in livestock in Bauchi metropolis and
environs and there is the need to promptly
embark upon further studies on
trypanosomosis nationwide as well as to
embark on rigorous public health
enlightenment on the source and dangers
of the disease.
A study was conducted with the aim of
determining the prevalence of Newcastle
Disease for local birds in Bauchi metropolis.
A total of 450 birds comprising of 90 (80
adults -and 1 0 young) each of Pigeons,
Ducks, Guinea fowls, Turkeys and Local
chickens
sampled.
haemagglutination
Inhibition (HI) test was used for detection
and quantification of antibodies against
Newcastle Disease (ND) virus. The HI titre
of each bird was determined and expressed
in log2. 152(33.80%) of the total number
of birds tested positive for the ND
antibodies. At P<0.05, Pigeons had the
highest seroprevalence of 51.00% followed
by Local chickens (34.50%), Turkeys
(31.00%), Ducks (26.00%) and Guinea fowls
(24.00%). Of the association between ND
antibodies and sex of older birds, females
had higher prevalence of 34.00% against
males 32.00% which was not significant at
P<0.05. Also, younger birds had higher
prevalence of 40.00% but low titre of log2
than Adults birds (33.00%). The high
prevalence in younger birds may be due to
maternally derived antibodies. From the
findings in this study, Pigeons, Ducks,
Turkeys, Guinea fowls and Local chickens
are often infected with ND virus and could
therefore serve as potential reservoirs for
infection of exotic chickens. There is
therefore the need to routinely vaccinate
these birds against ND. However, it is
important to conduct further studies on the
role of Pigeons and other flying birds in the
epidemiology of ND in Nigeria
123. Muhammad
Alhaji
Bashar PGS/0607/10204
10
Performance and Dec.,
Caracass
2012
Characteristics of
Broiler
Chickens
Fed
Diets
Containing
Groundnut
Cake
and Full Fat Soya
Bean Meal
One hundred and eighty day-old Anak 2000
broiler chickens were randomly distributed
to two dietary plant protein sources each
processed in two different forms namely
local Ground nut cake, Industrial Ground
nut cake, cooked soya beans, and roasted
soya bean. There were four treatments and
each treatment was replicated three times
with fifteen birds per replicate. The
experiment was carried out to determine
the performance and carcass characteristics
of broilers fed diets containing GNC and full
fat soya beans. At the starter phase, daily
weight gain (17.74-23.65g) (P<0.00l) and
feed
conversion
ratio
(2.012.50g)(P<0.001) were significantly affected
124. Ahmed, Isah Ahmed
PGS/0607/10204
57
Prevalence
Equine
Piroplasmosis
Bauchi State
of April,
2013
in
by the dietary treatments. However, at the
finisher phase, daily feed intake, daily
weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were
not affected. In the overall performance,
most parameters studied, such as daily
weight gain (P< 0.01), and feed conversion
ratio (P<O.OI) were significantly influenced
by the dietary treatments, except for daily
feed intake and mortality that were not
affected. Most of the carcass characteristics
measured were not affected except for the
live weight, plucked weight, eviscerated
weight, carcass weight, gizzard weight, and
small intestine weight which were
significantly influenced by the dietary
treatments. In the final weight gain
performance local Ground nut cake and
Industrial Ground nut cake indicate higher
gain of 1677 and 1647g of GNC respectively,
while cooked and roasted soya bean showed
the lowest weight gain of 1303 g and 1447
g, respectively. It can be concluded that
birds fed on GNC-based diet gained better
weight than those fed full fat soya bean
based diets.
The research was conducted from July to
October 2011 to determine the :prevalence
of equine piroplasmosis (EP) in Bauchi
state, using 400 horses which were
randomly sampled from the three Senatorial
zones of the state. The ages, uses, sexes,
breeds and body conditions of the horses
were determined. Blood and ticks samples
were also collected for laboratory analysis
and identification respectively. The overall
piroplasmosis prevalence in the state was
18 with B. cabali accounting for 83.3, T. equi
11.1 and mix infection with both of the
parasites S.6?/o. There was a significant
difference (P<O.OS) in the prevalence
among the horses in the three Senatorial
zones. There was also a significant
association (P<0.05) between piroplasms
infection and PCV. The mean pev of the
uninfected (:7.67±O.S6) and B.cabali infected
(34.82±O.S6) were within the normal range
and were similar (P>0.05), while those of
the T. equi infected (30.87 ±1.44) and mix
infected horses (26.50±2.02) were below
the normal and were significantly (P<0.05)
lower than those of the first two groups
with that of the mix infected being
significantly (P<0.05) lowest. Rhipicephalus
evertsi 89.2, Amblyomma variegatum 9.2
and Boophilus decoloratus 1.S were the ticks
found associated with the sampled horses,
with the Rhipicephalus evertsi being
distributed in all the senatorial zones while
the Amblyomma variegatum and the
Boophilus decoloratus restricted to the
Northern and the Central senatorial zones
respectively. The study has revealed the
existence of EP in Bauchi state and the three
identified tick species are the possible
vectors of the disease in the state.
Compared to other Nigerian studies the
125. Ajimohun,
Folashade
Felicia PGS/0809/10204
44
Growth
April,
Performance,
2013
Carcass,
Organs
and Haematological
Characteristics of
Weaner
Rabbits
Oryctolagus
Cunniculus
Fed
Varying Levels of
Moninga Oleifera
Laef Meal
prevalence of the disease in the state is low,
which could be attributed to variation in
geographical location and mode of studies.
However, prompt and regular tick control
measures should be exercised and further
study using more sensitive diagnostic tests
is required.
An experiment was carried out at the Rabbitry
unit, Dawgom Farm, National Veterinary
Research Institute, Vom, in July August 20 II, to
evaluate the growth performance, carcass, organ
and haematological characteristics of weaner
rabbits fed varying levels of Moringa oleifera
Leaf Meal (MOLM). In an eight (8) weeks feeding
trial forty-five (45) weaner rabbits of mixed
sexes and breeds (of New Zealand White,
Californian White and Chinchilla) were used. The
rabbits weighing 75Sg were allotted to five (S)
isonitrogcnous dietary treatments designated as
TI-TS in a Complete Randomised Design (CRD).
'1'1 serves as the control diet. Diets containing
(18) Crude Protein (CP) were formulated in
which M. oleifcra Leaf Meal was included at 0, S,
10, IS and 20'/";) levels respectively. Results
showed that there was a significant (p<O.OS)
treatment
effect
on
feed
intake
(103.17,107.44,114.06, 10S.60, 110.78g). Weight gain
(16.6S, lS.09, 14.S4, 16.12, 16.34g) and feed
conversion ratio (6.20, 7.18, 7.99, 6.81, 6.79g)
were not statistically significant (P>0.05) at all
levels of inclusion. Dressing percentage and
slaughter weight was not affected by dietary
treatments. Weights of liver (4S.78 - 60.73g),
126. Saleh, Tabitha Bitrus
PGS/1011/10204
63
Response of Broiler April,
Chickens
Fed 2013
Graded Levels of
African
Locust
Bean Seed Meal
lungs (10.00 _ 12.75g), heart (4.00 - 4.43g),
kidney (10.98 - 11.7g) and spleen (0.68 - 1.03g)
had no significant (p>O.OS) effect. Total serum
protein and globulin means were not statistically
significant. There was a significant (p<O.OS)
effect on albumin and cholesterol. The results
showed that the inclusion of M. oleifera leaf
meal in the diet of wcaner rabbits gives a general
acceptability of the meat and produces good
carcass quality. Rabbits can utilise M. oleifera
leaf meal up to 20 level of inclusion in diet
without any deleterious effects.
An eight week feeding trial was conducted
to evaluate the effects of feeding graded
levels of African locust bean (Parkia
biglobosai seed meal (ALBSM) on the
performance and carcass characteristics of
broiler chickens. African locust bean seeds
were boiled at 100°C for 24 hours, dehulled,
washed, sundried and milled. One hundred
and eighty "Cobb 500" day old chicks were
randomly allotted to four dietary
treatments in which ALBSM was included at
0, 10, 20 and 30 diets in treatment 1, 2, 3,
and 4 respectively in a completely
randomized design (CRD). Each treatment
was replicated three times with 15 birds per
replicate. The results showed that at the
starter phase, daily feed intake and weight
gain were not significantly affected by the
levels of inclusion of ALBSM, while the feed
conversion ratio differ significantly (P<O.O I)
among dietary treatments with diet I
127. Uba Yusuf Gwamma
PGS/10-
Replacement Value April,
(control) having the highest value of 1.9S and
diet 4 having the lowest value 1.68. The
results at the finisher phase showed that
feed intake was significantly (P<O.OO 1)
affected by the dietary treatments with diet
1 (control) having the highest value
126.90g/b/d and diet 4 with the lowest value
of 124.31 g/b/d. Daily weight gain and feed
conversion ratio were not affected by the
dietary treatments. Results of the overall
performance showed that birds fed diets 1
and 2 had the highest overall feed intake
(89.19g/b/d) which were significantly (P<O.O 1)
higher than those fed diet 4 (8S.SSg/b/d).
Overall daily weight gain and feed
conversion ratio were not significantly
affected by the levels of inclusion of African
locust bean seed meal (ALBSM) in the diets.
Furthermore, live weight, carcass weight
and dressing percentage of broiler chickens
were not significantly influenced by dietary
treatment. Similarly, internal organs such as
the heart, liver, spleen and pancreas were
not also significantly influenced by the
dietary treatments. Birds fed 20 ALBSM
recorded highest dressed weight compared
to birds fed other treatment diets. It was
concluded that African locust bean seeds
can be included at 30 level in the diets of
broiler chickens without any adverse effect
on the performance, carcass yield and cost
of production.
The experiment was conducted at the
11/10204
65
of Maiwa Millet for 2013
Maize in the Diets
of Broiler Chickens
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
teaching and research farm Bauchi, Bauchi
State. Two hundred and twenty Anak 2000
broiler chicks were allotted to five dietary
treatments in which Maiwa millet replaced
maize at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 levels coded
as diets 1,2,3,4 and 5 respectively in a
completely randomized design (CRD)
experiment with four (4) replicates per diet
and eleven birds per replicate. Feed and
water were supplied ad-libtum and the
experiment lasted for 56 days. At the starter
phase, daily feed intake (48.40 - 55.68g)
was not affected, however both daily weight
gain (22.74-26.08g; P<O.OJ) and feed
conversion ratio (2.30-2.14; P< 0.05) were
affected, At the finisher phase, the daily feed
intake (108.05 - 121.49g) was also not
affected, but daily weight gain (39.4152.67g) and feed conversion ratio (2.742.31) were significantly (P<O.O 1) affected.
The overall performance showed that daily
weight gain increased with increasing levels
of Maiwa millet and the best feed
conversion ratio was obtained on the 100
Maiwa millet diet. However, daily feed
intake was not affected. Carcass and organ
characteristics measured were not affected
by the dietary levels of Maiwa except the
lungs weight (P< 0.05). The feed cost in
naira per kilogram body gain was lowest on
diet 5 (W 166.27). It can be concluded that
Maiwa millet can completely replace maize
128. Afsa, Jonathan Ibrahim
PGS/0607/10204
11
Effects
of June,
Supplementing
2013
Groundnut Haulms
with Concentrates
on
Growth
Performance, Blood
and
Rumen
Metabolites
of
Small Ruminants
in the diets of broilers with no adverse
effects on performance and carcass yield
with concomitant reduction in feed cost.
Twenty four small ruminants (12 goats and
12 sheep) weighing between 10Akg and
13.7kg were used in a feeding trial at the
A.T.B.U Bauchi Teaching and Research
Farm, in which cotton seed cake
(CSC)/molasses, maize bran (MB)/urea,
molasses/urea and maize bran (MB)/cotton
seed cake (CSC) were used as supplements
to basal groundnut haulms, designated as
diets 1,2,3, and 4 respectively. The diets
were fed for 84 days and feed intake,
growth rate, nutrients digestibility, rumen
and blood metabolites were evaluated. A 4
(diets) x 2 (species) factorialin a
randomized complete block design (RCBD)
was used in the experiment. Rumen and
blood parameters were taken at two
periods (before and after feeding). Results
showed that there was a significant
treatment effect (P< 0.01) on daily feed
intake (DFI). Daily weight gain (DWG)
differed significantly (P< 0.05) among
treatments, with diet 3 having the lowest
(6.17g/day) Value. Feed conversion ratio
(FCR) did not differ significantly (P> 0.05).
Results also indicated that crude protein
digestibility (CPD) (P<0.05), neutral
detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD)
(P<O.OOl) and acid detergent fibre
digestibility (ADFD) (P<0.05) were affected
129. Simon, Peter Zagi
PGS/0809/10204
34
Performance,
June,
Rumen and Blood 2013
Metabolites
of
Yankasa Rams Fed
Urea-Soaked Rice
Straw with Wheat
Offal
as
a
Supplement
by dietary treatments. Packed cell volume
(PCV) (P<O.OOl), protozoa count (PC)
(P<O.OI) and rumen ammonia nitrogen
(RAN) (P<0.05) concentrations were also
affected by dietary treatments. Significant
(P< 0.05) differences among species
occurred in DFI and feed cost per kg gain
(P<O.OOI). Results also revealed that PCV
(P<O.Ol), pH (P<O.Ol) and feed cost per kg
gain (P<O.OOl) were affected by diets x
spices interaction. Owing to animal
performance as measured by DFI, PCV,
digestibility parameters as well as its
numerically low fed cost per kg gain. diet 4
(MB/CSC) was recommended for use as feed
supplement to groundnut haulms while diet
3 (molasses lure a) should be discouraged
from use due to its poor performance.
A study was conducted on Yankasa rams
lasting fourteen weeks at the Abubakar
Tafawa Balewa University Teaching and
Research farm between May and
September 2010. The study was conducted
to determine the performance, nutrient
digestibility and rumen and blood
metabolites of growing Yankasa rams fed
rice straw soaked in two levels of (10% or
20%) urea solution (USRS) with two levels
of (300g or 5OOg) supplement (wheat
offal). Rams fed 10% or 20% USRS with
5OOg supplement had the highest
(P<O.O5) total feed intake (TFI) (736.02,
714.03gJd) and daily supplement intake
(DSl) (49S.61, 491.63gJd) which were
significantly higher than values obtained
for those fed 10% or 20% USRS with 300g
supplement. Animals fed 10% USRS with
500g supplement had the lowest (N 193.4 7)
feed Cost/kg body weight gain which was
signiflcantl), (P<0.002) lower when
compared with other diets. The crude
protein digestibility (CPD), ether extract
digestibility (EED) and ash digestibility
(ASH-D) were high (P<O.O5) for rams on
20% USRS fed 300g supplement and, the
values were 73.58%, 83.27% and 70.13%
respectively. Animals fed 20% USRS with
300g or 5OOg supplement recorded high
(P<O.O5) rumen ammonia nitrogen
(RNH3-N) values (7.34, 10.76 and 11.22,
12.04mg/100ml) pre- and post-feeding
respectively which were significantly
higher than the values obtained for rams
fed 10 USRS with 300g or 5OOg
supplement (S.93, 5.87mg/100ml) and
(8.72, 8.54mg/100ml) pre- and postfeeding respectively. Significant (P<0.05)
difference was observed for white blood
cell (WBC) post-feeding across dietary
treatments. Animals on 10 USRS with 300g
or 500g and 20% USRS with 500g
supplements had similar values for WBC
(9.27, 9.84, and 10.02ul) which were
significantly higher than the values
recorded for animals fed 20% USRS with
300g supplement (5.63ul). It can be
concluded from this study that feeding rice
straw soaked in10 urea solution
supplemented with 500g wheat offal to
growing Yankasa rams enhanced feed
intake (DSI, TFI), daily weight gain (DWG)
and lowers total feed cost (TFC) compared
to the other diets. The soaking of rice straw
in fertilizer grade urea solution can
improve its feeding value by supplying non
protein-nitrogen to the animal thereby
enhancing
fermentation
by
rumen
microorganisms