SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 1. Conditions justifying delivery prior to 39 weeks
gestation and contraindications to vaginal delivery
Condition
ICD-9CM codes
Conditions justifying delivery prior to 39 weeks gestation
Premature rupture of membranes
Delayed delivery after spontaneous rupture of membranes
HIV disease
Placenta previa, placenta accreta
Antepartum hemorrhage
Hypertensive disorders (including pre-eclampsia and
eclampsia)
Post-term pregnancy
Liver, renal or cardiovascular disease
Abnormal blood glucose
Coagulation defects
Multiple gestation
Unstable lie
Fetal malformation
Fetal chromosomal abnormality
Fetal-maternal hemorrhage
Rhesus isoimmunization
Fetal distress
Intrauterine death, stillbirth
Polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios
Abnormal fetal heart rates
Pregnancy with poor obstetric history
658.11
658.21, 658.21
042, V08
641.01, 641.21
641.11, 641.31,
641.81, 641.91
642.01, 642.02,
642.11, 642.12,
642.21, 642.22,
642.31, 642.32,
642.41, 642.42,
642.51, 642.52,
642.61, 642.62,
642.71, 642.72,
642.91, 642.92
645.11
646.21, 646.22,
646.71, 648.51,
648.52, 648.61,
648.62
648.81, 648.82
649.31, 649.32
651.01, 651.11,
651.21, 651.31,
651.41, 651.51,
651.61, 651.71,
651.81, 651.91,
652.61
652.01
655.01, 655.31,
655.41, 655.51,
655.61, 656.51
655.11
656.01
656.11, 656.21
656.31
656.41, V27.1
657.01, 658.01
659.71
V23.5
Contraindications to vaginal delivery
Preterm labor
Multiple gestation
Long or obstructed labor with multiple gestation
Malpresentation
Complications from prior cesarean deliveries
Serious fetal or placental problems
Miscellaneous
644.20, 644.21
651.00, 651.01,
651.03, 651.10,
651.11, 651.13,
651.20, 651.21,
651.23, 651.30,
651.31, 651.33,
651.40, 651.41,
651.43, 651.50,
651.51, 651.53,
651.60, 651.61,
651.63, 651.80,
651.81, 651.83,
651.90, 651.91,
651.93, 652.20,
652.60, 652.61,
652.63
660.50, 660.51,
660.53, 662.30,
662.31, 662.33
652.21, 652.23,
652.30, 652.31,
652.33, 652.40,
652.41, 652.43,
652.60, 652.61,
652.63
654.20, 654.21,
654.23
656.40, 656.41,
656.43, 761.5
669.60, 669.61,
V27.1, V27.2,
V27.3, V27.4,
V27.5, V27.6,
V27.7
SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 2: Odds of Infant Adverse Outcomes following Early-Term CESAREAN
Deliveries, Compared with Term CESAREAN Delivery (at >39 Weeks’ Gestation)
Infant prolonged length
of stay
Infant respiratory
distress or ventilation
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
Early-term nonindicated cesarean
1.76 (1.73, 1.80)
1.42 (1.39, 1.46)
Early-term nonindicated induction, delivery by
cesarean
1.24 (1.13, 1.35)
0.98 (0.89, 1.09)
Early-term indicated cesarean
1.09 (1.08, 1.11)
1.31 (1.28, 1.33)
Early-term indicated induction, delivery by
cesarean
1.48 (1.28, 1.71)
1.24 (1.05, 1.45)
AOR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
Unadjusted odds
Adjusted for patient demographics, year, hospital, and clinical factors
Early-term nonindicated cesarean
1.95 (1.90, 2.00)
1.43 (1.39, 1.47)
Early-term nonindicated induction, delivery by
cesarean
Early-term indicated cesarean
1.36 (1.25, 1.49)
1.20 (1.17, 1.23)
1.00 (0.90, 1.11)
1.31 (1.28, 1.34)
Early-term indicated induction, delivery by
cesarean
1.70 (1.47, 1.97)
1.21 (1.03, 1.43)
Notes: Patient demographics: education, insurance race, age; hospital and clinical factors: gestational age, gastro/urinary
tract infection, hemorrhage. The reference group is births occurring at or after 39 weeks’ gestation. CI, confidence interval;
OR, odds ratio.
SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 3: Odds of Infant Adverse Outcomes following Early-Term VAGINAL
Deliveries, Compared with Term VAGINAL Delivery (at >39 Weeks’ Gestation)
Infant prolonged length
of stay
Infant respiratory
distress or ventilation
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
Early-term nonindicated induction, vaginal delivery
1.02 (0.99, 1.05)
1.23 (1.18, 1.28)
Early-term indicated induction, vaginal delivery
1.58 (1.53, 1.62)
1.69 (1.61, 1.76)
Early-term spontaneous vaginal delivery
1.17 (1.16, 1.18)
1.14 (1.12, 1.15)
AOR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
Unadjusted odds
Adjusted for patient demographics, year, hospital, and clinical factors
Early-term nonindicated induction, vaginal delivery
1.14 (1.11, 1.17)
1.25 (1.20, 1.30)
Early-term indicated induction, vaginal delivery
Early-term spontaneous vaginal delivery
1.72 (1.67, 1.77)
1.20 (1.19, 1.22)
1.67 (1.59, 1.75)
1.21 (1.18, 1.23)
Notes: Patient demographics: education, insurance race, age; hospital and clinical factors: gestational age, gastro/urinary
tract infection, hemorrhage. The reference group is births occurring at or after 39 weeks’ gestation. CI, confidence interval;
OR, odds ratio.