Cardiovascular System
Objectives:
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Describe the heart in terms of chambers, valves, blood flow, heartbeat, blood supply, and
heart sounds
Differentiate among the three different types of blood vessels and describe the major
functions of each
Identify the major components of blood and the major functions of each
State the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation
Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the terms related to the pathology, diagnostic and
treatment procedures of the cardiovascular system
Intro to HSTE Terms
Cardioversion - Restoration of normal heart rhythm by electrical shock.
Contract- Shorten, reduce in size.
Coronary- Pertaining to the heart, coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle.
Diastole - Dilation of the heart; resting phase or filling of the ventricles, alternating with systole.
Infarction - An area of tissue death (necrosis) caused by loss of oxygen (ischemia) as a result of
obstruction of circulation to the area.
Pulmonary Circulation - Carrying venous blood from the righ ventricle to the lungs and returning
oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart.
Rate - Expression of speed or frequency of an event in relation to a specified amount of time,
number of contractions of the heart per minute.
Rhythm - Measured movement, recurrence of an action or function at regular intervals, interval
of hart contractions.
Stenosis - Narrowing or stricture of a duct or canal.
Stethoscope - Instrument used to listen to body sounds,(auscultation), such as the heart beat.
Systemic Circulation - General circulation; carrying oxygenated blood fro the left ventricle to
tissues of the body and returning the venous blood to the right atrium of the heart.
Systole - Filling of the atria and contraction of the ventricles of the heart, alternating with
diastole.
Vessel - Any one of many tubules in the body that carry fluid.
Cardiovascular System Powerpoint
The Cardiovascular System is made up of the heart and the blood vessels.
Structure & Functions of the Cardiovascular System:
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Transport nutrients and oxygen to the body
Transport waste products from the cells to the kidneys for excretion
Distribute hormones and antibodies throughout the body
Help control body temperature and maintain electrolyte balance
The Heart
The heart beats more than 100,000 times a day, circulating 5 Liters of blood. The heart weighs
less than a pound and is slightly larger than a fist. The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor
blood to the lungs (pulmonary circulation) while the left side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the
rest of the body (systemic circulation). Hepatic circulation refers to the path of blood from the
intestines, gallbladder, pancreas, stromach, and spleen through the liver.
The heart has four chambers, The atria is the top chambers and the bottom chambers are called
ventricles. Atrioventricular valves prevent the blood from flowing backward through the system.
The heart has three layers of tissue. The smooth layer of cells that prevents damage to blood cells
is called the endocardium. The thickest layer is the myocardium and it consists of muscle tissue.
This part pumps blood through the system. The pericardium covers the outside of the heart and
prevents tissue damage.
Blood flow through the circulatory System
Blood Vessels
There are three main types of blood vessels in the body:
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Arteries which carry blood away from the heart
Veins which carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries are microscopic vessels which carry blood between the arterial and venous
vessels
The largest artery in the body is called the aorta. Arteries have a muscluar layer of tissue that
helps pump blood while veins are much thinner.
Pulse and Blood Pressure
Everytime your heart beats, blood surges against the walls of arteries. That is your pulse. There
is eight different places that your can take your pulse from. The most common one is the radial
artery in the wrist. The other locations are the large carotid artery in the throat, the brachial
artery, temporal artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, posterior tibal artery, and the pedal
artery.
Blood pressure is the force of the blood against the walls of the arteries. The systolic blood
pressure is when the ventricles contract while the diastolic blood pressure occurs when the
ventricles relax. A healthy systolic pressure is less than 140 and more than 90. Your diastolic
pressure should be less than 100.
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Normal Sinus Rhythm with PVC's
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Resources:
HeartPoint: The Heart
HeartPoint Website
Get Body Smart - The Cardiovascular System
The Human Body Online - The Cardiovascular System
Wikibooks - The Cardiovascular System
Medical Terminology Cardiovascular Vocabulary
The Cardiovascular System - The Inner Body
The Heart - BrainPop
How the Heart works - The Children's Institute
Video:
The Heart - National Geographic Society