Chapter 11 SPSS Instructions
Goodness-of-fit Test
A.
(Replicating Example 11.5) In the first column, labeled Share, input codes 1, 2, 3,4
for the 4 firms (remember that we are combining firms 4 and 5) and in the second
column, labeled Number, input the frequencies for the Number of Recent Customers
(again, combine the frequencies for firms 4 and 5).
B. From the menu choose Data > Weight Cases. Select Weight cases by and select
Number for Frequency Variable.
C. From the menu choose Analyze > Nonparametric Tests > Legacy Dialogs > ChiSquare. Select Share as Test Variable List. Under Expected Values select Values
and Add 0.40, 0.32, 0.24, and 0.04.
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D. SPSS reports the following results. The value of the test statistic (in boldface)
matches the one obtained in Example 11.5. In addition, SPSS reports the exact pvalue of 0.017.
Share
Observed N
Expected N
Residual
1.00
70
80.0
-10.0
2.00
60
64.0
-4.0
3.00
54
48.0
6.0
4.00
16
8.0
8.0
Total
200
Test Statistics
Share
Chi-square
df
10.250a
3
2
Asymp. Sig.
.017
a. 0 cells (.0%) have
expected frequencies less
than 5. The minimum
expected cell frequency is
8.0.
Test of Independence
A. (Replicating Example 11.6) Label two columns ‘Gender’ and ‘Type’. The first
50 rows are designated as Female for Gender and Economy for Type, the next 60
rows are designated as Female for Gender and Noneconomy for Type, the next 120
rows have Male for Gender and Economy for Type, and the final 170 rows have
Male for Gender and Noneconomy for Type.
B. From the menu choose Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Crosstabs. Select Gender
for Row(s) and Type for Column(s). Choose Statistics and select Chi-Square. Click
Statistics, check Chi-square. Click cell, check Expected. Click OK.
C. SPSS reports the following results. The expected frequency for each cell is shown
below the observed frequency. In addition, SPSS shows each cell’s chi-square
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contributions below the expected frequency. The value of the test statistic (in
boldface) almost matches the one obtained in Example 11.6 – the values differ due to
rounding. In addition, SPSS reports the exact p-value of 0.462.
Gender * Type Crosstabulation
Type
Economy
Gender
Female
Male
Count
Total
50
60
110
Expected Count
46.8
63.3
110.0
Count
120
170
290
123.3
166.8
290.0
170
230
400
170.0
230.0
400.0
Expected Count
Total
Noneconomy
Count
Expected Count
Chi-Square Tests
Value
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity
df
Asymp. Sig. (2-
Exact Sig. (2-
Exact Sig. (1-
sided)
sided)
sided)
.542a
1
.462
.388
1
.533
.540
1
.462
Correctionb
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
N of Valid Cases
.497
400
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 46.75.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
4
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