Anatomy and Physiology Semester I Review:
Cells and Tissues
1. What are four functions of the plasma membrane?
a.
b.
c.
d
2. Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for its ability to form a physical
barrier?
3. Match the following membrane proteins to their function:
____Recognition proteins
____Channel proteins
____Carrier proteins
____Enzymes
____Anchoring proteins
____ Receptor proteins
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
allows water and small ions to cross membrane
bind to cytoskeleton
bind to specific molecules that change cell activity
identify a cell as self or non-self
catalyze reaction in or outside of the cell
Transport solutes like glucose across membrane
4. Two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane with the same properties as a cell
membrane but lacks any membrane proteins. Solution A is 5% glucose and solution B is 10%
glucose. Under these circumstances
a. Water will move from solution A to solution B
b. Water will move from solution B to solution A
c. Glucose will move from solution A to solution B
d. Glucose will move from solution B to solution A
5. How would a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the lungs affect the diffusion of oxygen
into the blood?
6. Relative to a surrounding hypertonic solution, the cytosol of a red blood cell is _______________.
7. If someone sweats profusely and loses large amounts of water, the result will be that the blood
plasma becomes ___ to the cells.
a. hypertonic
c. hypotonic
b. isotonic
d. osmotic
8. Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that facilitated diffusion
a. expends no ATP
b. moves molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
c. limits the rate of molecular movement by limiting the number of available carrier molecules
d. never eliminates the concentration gradient
9. What is the difference between filtration and diffusion and osmosis?
10. Match the following cell structures to their functions.
__ centrioles
a. control of genetic information and protein synthesis
__ cytoskeleton
b. produce 95% of ATP required by cell
__ plasma membrane
c. synthesis of secretory products, intracellular transport
__ microvilli
d. storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products
__ cilia
e. intracellular removal of damaged organelles or pathogens.
__ proteasomes
f. breakdown of fatty acids and neutralization of toxic compounds
__ ribosomes
g. protein synthesis
__ peroxisomes
h. breakdown and recycling of damaged proteins
__ lysosomes
i. movement of material over cell surface
__ Golgi apparatus
j. isolation, protection, controls entry and exit of materials
__ mitochondria
k. strength and support
__ ER
L. essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division
__ nucleus
m. increase surface area for absorption of extra-cellular materials.
11. Explain the difference of isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic in terms of cells and extra cellular
fluid.
12. During digestion, the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the stomach rises to many times that
within cells lining the stomach where the (H+) is produced. Is the type of transport process involved
passive or active?
13.
Label/explain the numbered events in the following diagram of Protein Synthesis and Packaging.
14. What is the complementary mRNA sequence to the following DNA sequence?
CTC ATA CGA TTC AAG TTA
15. Fill in the following table on the tissues of the body.
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Contracts to produce
active movement
Conducts electrical
impulses
Carries information
16. Epithelial tissue is avascular. What does that mean?
17. Some epithelial tissue has cilia and other epithelial tissue has microvilli. How are these two
structures different and where might one find examples of each type of epithelium?
18. What type of epithelium would you expect to find in the following locations?
Alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs
Urinary bladder
Surface of the tongue
Trachea
Lining of intestine
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
19. Analysis of a glandular secretion indicates that it contains some DNA, RNA and membrane
components such as phospholipids. What kind of secretion is this and why do you think so?
20. What are two supporting connective tissues? Which one is better able to repair itself after injury?
21. A slide shows a muscle tissue with a single nucleus in each cell. Can you positively identify the
type of muscle tissue with this evidence? Justify your answer.
22. Why are both skeletal muscle cells and axons also called fibers?