CHAPTER 16 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To satisfy the minimum requirements for this course, you should master the following
learning objectives.
Explain the common ion effect and calculate the change in pH of acidic and basic
solutions caused by the addition of a common ion. (pg 714, Ex 16.1) ARIS 3, 4
Explain how a buffer works on the molecular level (pg 718)
and be able to
• calculate the pH of a given buffer (pg 719, Ex 16.3a)
• describe how to prepare a buffer of a given pH (pg 718, 722 Ex. 16.4) ARIS 2,8
• discuss the importance of buffer capacity. (pg 718)
• calculate the change in pH of a simple buffer solution of known composition
caused by adding a small amount of strong acid or base. Ex 16.3b, ARIS 5,6,7
Sketch the general shapes of acid-base titration curves (see
http://www.chemistry.usna.edu/calhoun/SC112/titrator.xls) and Figures 16.4,5,6. Use the
diagrams below to accomplish the 5 items
• given a titration curve, identify the titration
• identify the dominant species present at various points in a titration. ARIS 10
• identify the equivalence point and calculate the volume of titrant required to
reach the equivalence point (Ex 16.6)
identify the buffer region for a titration of a weak acid with a strong base or the
titration of weak base with a strong acid.
• identify the point within the buffer region where the pH is equal to the pKa for
the weak acid in the buffer. ARIS 12
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titration of a strong acid with a strong base (or vice-versa)
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titration of a weak acid with a strong base ARIS 13
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titration of a weak base with a strong acid
• be able to calculate the pH at the equivalence point. (pg 727, Ex 16.5, Ex 16.6)
ARIS 9,11
• explain how an indicator works. (pg. 732-733) ARIS 14
Define the solubility-product constant (Ksp) for a salt (pg 735) and
• write the Ksp expression for a given reaction, or the balanced chemical reaction
for a given Ksp. (pg 735) ARIS 15,16
• calculate Ksp from solubility data and solubility from the value of Ksp. (pg 739,
Ex 16.8,9, Table 16.3) ARIS 17,18,19
• describe and calculate the effect of an added common ion on the solubility of a
slightly soluble salt. ARIS 21,22
• describe and calculate the effect of a change in pH on the solubility of a
salts that contain a basic anion. ARIS 20,23,24
• relate Q, the reaction quotient, to Ksp to determine whether precipitation will
occur. (pg 741, Ex 16.10) ARIS
Understand the meaning of the Key Words on page 757.