Supplementary information
High Output Piezo/Triboelectric Hybrid Generator
Woo-Suk Junga, Min-Gyu Kanga, Hi Gyu Moona, Seung-Hyub Baeka,b, Seok-Jin Yoona, Zhong-Lin
Wangc*, Sang-Woo Kimd*, Chong-Yun Kanga,e*
aElectronic
Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136791, Korea.
bDepartment of Nanomaterials Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST),
Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
cSchool of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
30332-0245, United States.
dSchool of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of
Nanotechnology (SAINT), Center for Human Interface Nanotechnology (HINT), Sungkyunkwan
University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
eKU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701,
Korea.
★
Corresponding author: kimsw1@skku.edu, zhong.wang@mse.gatech.edu, cykang@kist.re.kr
1
Supplementary Movie 1. Lighting 550 LED bulbs with series connections during periodic pressing
and releasing.
Supplementary Movie 2. Lighting 600 LED bulbs which are connected in series and parallel during
periodic pressing and releasing.
Supplementary Movie 3. Lighting 880 LED bulbs using maximum mechanical force during periodic
pressing and releasing.
2
a)
PVDF
PI film
Au1
Pre-strained piezoelectric
generator
Au2
b)
PTFE
Al
c)
Figure S1 | Configuration of the piezo/triboelectric hybrid generator. a) A top layer consists of
PI substrate and PVDF film which Au electrodes are deposited by E-beam (pre-strained piezoelectric
PVDF generator). b) A bottom layer has PTFE film with Al electrode. c) A photograph of the
fabricated hybrid generator.
3
0.00
-0.25
Open-Circuit Voltage (V)
0
1
2
3
4
Time (s)
d)
50
0
-50
0
1
2
3
4
1
0
-1
-2
5
100
-100
2
Short-Circuit Current (uA)
0.25
-0.50
c)
b)
0.50
Short-Circuit Current (uA)
Open-Circuit Voltage (V)
a)
1
2
3
4
5
Time (s)
15.0
7.5
0.0
-7.5
-15.0
5
0
0
2
4
Time (s)
Time (s)
Figure S2 | Comparison of output voltage and current from the piezoelectric generator a,b)
without a substrate and c,d) with the PI substrate.
4
a)
b)
Piezoelectric
output
Hybrid
output
Triboelectric
output
Triboelectric output
400
700
300
600
200
500
100
400
0
300
-100
200
Piezoelectric output
-200
100
-300
0
-400
-100
0
2
4
6
8
d)
800
Open-Circuit Voltage (V)
500
Open-Circuit Voltage (V)
Open-Circuit Voltage (V)
c)
800
Hybrid output
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
-100
0
2
200
600
100
500
0
400
-100
300
Piezoelectric output
-200
200
-300
100
-400
0
-500
0
2
4
6
8
f)
700
Short-Circuit Current (uA)
Triboelectric output
Short-Circuit Current (uA)
Short-Circuit Current (uA)
300
6
8
Time (s)
Time (s)
e)
4
-100
500
400
300
200
100
0
-100
Time (s)
Hybrid output
0
2
4
6
8
Time (s)
Figure S3 | Output voltage and current of the hybrid generator before rectification. a)
Measurement diagram for both piezoelectric and triboelectric outputs at the same time and b) for
hybrid output. c) Piezoelectric and triboelectric open-circuit output voltages concurrently measured.
d) Hybrid open-circuit voltage output. e) Piezoelectric and triboelectric short-circuit output current. f)
Hybrid short-circuit output current.
5
Triboelectric output
Piezoelectric output
300
b)
200
1 sec
100
0
Triboelectric output
Piezoelectric output
300
Voltage (V)
Voltage (V)
a)
-100
200
180 ms
100
0
-100
0
1
2
0.00
0.25
Time (s)
c)
Triboelectric output
Piezoelectric output
300
d)
160 ms
0
-100
0.00
200
100
140 ms
0
-100
0.25
0.50
0.75
0.00
0.25
Time (s)
e)
Triboelectric output
Piezoelectric output
300
f)
400
110 ms
0
0.75
Triboelectric output
Piezoelectric output
300
Voltage (V)
100
0.50
Time (s)
200
Voltage (V)
0.75
Triboelectric output
Piezoelectric output
300
Voltage (V)
Voltage (V)
200
100
0.50
Time(s)
200
100
40 ms
0
-100
-100
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
-0.25
Time (s)
0.00
0.25
0.50
Time (s)
Figure S4 | Comparison on piezoelectric and triboelectric outputs according to time interval
between pressing and releasing. a-c) No voltage cancelation. d-f) Voltage cancelation between
positive piezoelectric output and negative triboelectric output.
6
a)
b)
Rectified
Triboelectric output
Triboelectric input
Triboelectric input
Piezoelectric input
Piezoelectric input
Rectified
Hybrid output
Rectified
piezoelectric output
Figure S5 | Circuit diagram of the piezo/triboelectric hybrid generator. a) Concurrent
measurement method for piezo/triboelectric outputs. b) The hybrid output that the piezoelectric and
triboelectric outputs are combined in parallel.
7
Triboelectric output
6.5
500
400
300
200
100
0
6.6
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.9
6.8
7.0
Piezoelectric output
6.7
6.9
6.8
7.0
Time (s)
500
600
Hybrid output
400
300
200
100
0
6.5
6.6
300
Triboelectric output
200
100
0
300
Piezoelectric output
200
100
0
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
Time (s)
d)
Rectified Short-Circuit Current (uA)
c)
Rectified Open-Circuit Voltage (V)
b)
500
400
300
200
100
0
Rectified Short-Circuit Current (uA)
Rectified Open-Circuit Voltage (V)
a)
Hybrid output
500
400
300
200
100
0
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
Time (s)
Time (s)
Figure S6 | Enlarged view of the rectified outputs from hybrid generator. a) Piezoelectric and
triboelectric open-circuit output voltages that are simultaneously measured. b) Hybrid open-circuit
output voltage. c) Piezoelectric and triboelectric short-circuit output currents that are simultaneously
measured. b) Hybrid short-circuit output current.
8
Triboelectric output
Piezoelectric output
300
200
b)
Releasing
Pressing
100
0
-100
-200
Time
400
400
300
Voltage (V)
400
Rectified Open-Circuit Voltage (V)
Open-Circuit Voltage (V)
a)
300
200
200
100
0
2.0
100
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
Time (s)
0
0
2
4
6
8
Time (s)
Figure S7 | a) Output voltage of the piezo/triboelectric hybrid generator with the opposite polling
direction a) before rectification and b) after rectification. Inset: Enlarged view of the rectified output
voltage.
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3.0
b)
400
250
200
300
250
150
200
100
150
100
50
50
0
2
Rectified voltage [V]
Rectified current [uA]
350
0
0
200
400
600
800
Rectified Power (mW/cm )
a)
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1000
200
400
600
800
1000
Resistor (K)
Resistor (K)
Figure S8 | Dependence of a) output voltage and output current and b) output power on
external load resistance.
10
14 LEDs
80
60
60
60
60
2
4
Time (s)
6
0
8
Current (A)
0
2
4
Time (s)
6
0
2
4
Time (s)
6
8
0
8
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
2
4
Time (s)
6
20
8
0
15
15
15
5
0
Output Power (mW)
20
Output Power (mW)
20
10
5
0
0
2
4
Time (s)
6
8
0
2
4
Time (s)
6
8
2
4
Time (s)
6
2
4
Time (s)
6
0
4
Time (s)
0
2
4
Time (s)
6
8
0
2
4
Time (s)
6
8
0
2
4
Time (s)
6
8
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
20
5
2
20
8
10
0
40
0
8
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
20
10
0
Current (A)
0
20
40
Output Power (mW)
20
40
Current (A)
40
Voltage (V)
80
Voltage (V)
80
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Output Power (mW)
140 LEDs
80
0
Current (A)
280 LEDs
Voltage (V)
Voltage (V)
500 LEDs
6
8
15
10
5
0
Figure S9 | Measured voltage, current, and instantaneous output power as function of the
number of LED bulbs
11
Figure S10 | Measurement configuration for piezo/triboelectric hybrid generator.
12