Day 2 NDIA – Dr. Patrick Vye, PACOM J81
INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
BrigGen Baczkowki DCG MARFORPAC—International Perspective on HA/DR
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IN PACOM area 25 times more likely to face natural disaster compared to US
MG Holganza National Development Support Command-Philippines
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Update bi-lateral agreements on HA/DR
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4 decades fighting counter-insurgency
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Priority shift to HA/DR as test bed to include for S&T initiatives
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New Zealand Defense Minister said that HA/DR is a core Military task
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New HA/DR campaign plan—redefining the enemy and victory (insurgency are symptoms)
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New leadership philosophy--combat leadership to servant leadership
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Leverage SPP with Hawaii for USAR
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Initial focus was water purification
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Technology used for BK12—UAV, HF Doppler radar, emergency C2, alternative power, emergency communication, logistics mgmt software, social mapping
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Internet based application—donor identification of project, medical mapping software
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Technology needed—disaster response mgmt system, rapid response based on rapid needs assessment, air traffic control and sea port mgmt, emergency bridging, evacuation center mgmt
COL Phillip Mead, Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance— currently located d Tripler then Ford Island
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Focus of today’s talk--overarching principles and best practices
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Enter focus--Educate, train, conduct research and assist
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Spend a lot of time in AOR—main focus is training
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Affected state, Assisting states, Humanitarian community==generic disaster response coordination mechanism
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Importance of Phase 0—building relationships, building resilience—where do we get biggest return on investment. Where can we employ assets to build resiliency.
Military forces is a means of last resort—because so expensive
Center works for USAID office of Foreign assistance
Principles and best practices o Affected state is in the lead o Military support to civilian-led responses o Coordination and consensus, not command and control o Open sharing of information o Logistics- “Pull”, not “push”

o Respect the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and DO NO
Harm
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S&T Issue: TRACKS—system for indicators—to better understand in phase 0 where is the resiliency. Looking for software application that can run this framework (262 indicators of
 country indicators)
When we don’t get HA/DR right you get the “Fog of Relief”
Q: COL Jibass’ work at Intl center in Tokyo. Now looking at robotics, heavy lift, and self healing, inside building types of technology. We talk to relief agency for requirements for robots now will start investing in robots. Where do I go to get central coordination in fields of air, ground, and water so can build them how do we insure that the information flows really assist the supporting agencies and are more critical ones?
A: COL M: I would start off with PACOM J4 to see if they have identified need. Then I would sit down with Japan 3 rd MEF. Experts are the Marines—they are PACOM’s 911. Get their insights. Should sit down with Japan DEF ATTACHE. Also sit down with J5 and let him know what doing. Sit down with
USAID reps in PACOM. MG H: We have MARFORPAC experimentation ctr of list of initiatives that we can try out. BG B: From perspective of military we don’t look at ourselves as first responders of choice but sometimes we are the only responders. We are looking for technologies that have dual use.
Q: For Gen H—Your approach to prepare soldiers for multiple uses. Would you recommend approach for countries that deploy to foreign lands?
A: MG H: In insurgency war need different mindset. Need mindset that is more balanced not just in destructive mode.
Q: For Gen H—What persistent challenges remain to assist and save lives? What are the gaps in culture, language, etc?
A: MG H: Yesterday we talked about cultural sensitiveness—your forces come and affected state need to be lead agency. What the affected state needs is what happens.
Q: A lot of success if promoting public private partnerships in Philippines. Can you describe how you achieved this?
A: I have military org that has S1, S2 S3 andS4 but I have a shadow organization where I am CEO and other officers are account executives. Because in partnerships you can’t have civil shop only under civil military relations. I need to have all officers handle special tasks. Organization needs to nurture partnerships. My officers are CMO focused. It is a different skill set that every officer must understand.
Q: TO COL H: Do you have any evidence that your approach has had an effect to change the minds of the insurgents?

A: COL H: In the North used to be insurgent stronghold. For years we have had no impact on mindset.
Insurgent ace and said--When killing only strengthened our hatred and our resolve to fight. Only when you built the bridge did we change our ideas. When development set in there was a grater region to lay down arms. Another example guerrilla fronts were downgraded and determined reason was there were development project in these areas and two governors that were development oriented. We found that combat forces were not critical but the development.
Q: For COL M: Talked about return on investment. Can you describe metrics used for return on investment?
A: COL M: We are not there yet. We use the system called TRACKS. We need some help with it. There is oversight asking what do we do with next dollar. One thing PACOM is doing in theater campaign plan going from static document to something that is measurable. It is hard to determine with 262 metrics and that is too overwhelming. I don’t have a good answer. We are looking for help from industry.
Q: How do you see use of large cell phone systems to help with HA/DR?
A: COL M: Need cell phone network to come up as quickly as possible. Need to make ‘triade’ communicate.
TSgt Neil Young –SOCPAC Personnel Recovery
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Examples and how personnel recovery occurs
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C2 integration JPRC, PRCC,JOC/TOC/Embassies/Partner nations
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S&T needs—location technology
Thomas Holland Scientific Director Joint POW/MIA accounting command
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Originally developed at Schofield in 1945
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JPAC Mission—Recover and identify U.S. War dead from all past military conflicts
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Only lab that specializes identification of human remains—also involved in humanitarian missions
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Shows how science can be leveraged—isotope analysis of Maj Clarks tooth
HA/DR MANAGEMENT
Facilitator: Mr Richard Hough—USAID Development Advisor USAPACOM
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How S&T can help HA/DR management
Mr. Steven Gale, Senior Advisor to USAID office of S&T
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Top priorities: HA/DR, Economic growth, global health, food security, democracy and governance

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S&T goal: work with DOD to explore dual-use technologies; expand partnerships
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New office designed to bring back original S&T edge
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S&T office—scientific partnerships, internal S&T capacity, grand challenge work, ,
Geocenter—GIS work
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Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) 5.8% USAID budget
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HA/DR Challenges o Information collection—diversity of info collection/gathering tools, increasing number of non-traditional crisis information nodes o Analysis---volume and velocity of incoming data, shift away from single non-layer data sets, increasing levels/sophistication of analysis within silos (UN, USAID) o Communications—lack of formal comms protocols, crowd –sourcing of data requires on broader and language and cultural skills, issues with info security/classification
Ray Shirkhodai—Executive director, Pacific Disaster Center
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Focus of discussion--How S&T can help with resiliency
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S&T provide tools to help—measure estimate, and minimize exposure, estimate and minimize vulnerabilities, increase learning capabilities
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Center works mostly on applied sciences
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Training and workshops, Info for decision makers ,mobile app users applications for integrating data sets
MajGen David Heinz (USMC Ret)—VP Maritime Systems iRobot
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Experiences in Disaster Relief—Bomb disaster, Maritime-Fukushima, Gulf of Mexico oil spill
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Lessons learned for use of robots—Obvious: “Too hard”,” “Too dangerous”, Less obvious: more economical, better suited to mission
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Need robot platform that is robust, able to handle mission than planned, strap on capability that is reconfigurable to meet new mission needs
Dr. Karl Kim,UH—Exec Dir Tng NDPTC –Graduate Cert. program in Disaster Prep
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3 aspects if resiliency—preparedness, response and recovery
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About land use codes, early warning systems, and mostly education
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Integrate work of UH across disaster cycle—esp focus on regional and urban planning
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Tools—urban flood mgmt, decision support tools, model complexity, geo-spatial visualization, how people make decisions under uncertainty , agent based modeling—characteristics of decision makers and how they make decisions, geospatial loss model for likelihood of losses/fatalities, models of land use information and geospatial models of when and where people are at different times, integrated into travel models and congestion models. Standard tools in urban planning applied to disaster scenarios,

Q: Mike Rlao (?) John Hamilton: What were roles COCOM during Tomodachi (sp?)?
A: Ray: Some applications in use for Hawaii during Tsunami. Operationally COCOMs went into info sharing. Richard: USAID deployed capabilities in terms of search and rescue.
Q: What are S&T challenges? If you had a magic want and could put all the brainpower in this room to work on a problem what might it be?
A: Richard: Info dimension—can we find better ways to better organize info as it comes in from social media. Ray: When responding to disasters one considers info assurance. Social media gets more popular instances of misinformation become an issue. Various algorithms where info assurance could come into play. Maybe look at frequency of chatter and then assessment of validity of information.
Interoperability continues to be a challenge. Everyone comes with their non interoperable tools. Need a way to harmonize these tools. Karl: We develop tools from FEMA and take the idea of using humans as sensors. There are opportunities to collect information from sources not previously used. There are techniques for identifying rumors. Part of our research is how you determine ‘trust relationships’ and information theoretics to determine closeness of sender and receiver of information and credibility of information.
Q: I am hearing a lot about data. One of the key factors of success seems to be gaining situational awareness. An ontology and common lexicon is needed of different kinds of disaster efforts. What we seem to get a handle on is ontology of disaster efforts.
A: Richard: We have met the enemy and he is us. DOD and USAID use different terminology when a disaster occurs. Just getting language to a state where we can be clearer then we can reach out to other partners. An issue is whose lexicon controls? Karl: Great question—for FEMA, all of different countries with different terms. There is another dimension which is to focus on sub-national units and capabilities. Ray: Related to social media there is not a unified terminology. Steven: The pursuit of a common lexicon is defined by learned people in different ways. A conference geared to lexicon would soon be outdated—instead need something that is functional than definitive.
Mr. Scott Seu: VP Energy Resources Hawaiian Electric
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Breaking the hold on oil
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Dependent on getting a lot of R&D work done
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Largest customer are DOD accounts
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Want to do cutting edge R&D work for renewable energy
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40% renewable energy generation by 2030
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Integrated solutions—right mix of resources, grid enhancements, power generation response, electric load response
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Energy storage-Office Naval Research funding—to store excess energy

OPERATIONAL ENERGY
Facilitator: Gen Charles Holland (USAF Ret) Former USSOCOM Cdr
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What can industry bring to bear to help us in HA/DR
Mr. Thomas Morehouse, Deputy Office of Operational Energy (Office of Asst Secty)
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Defense energy challenges-complicated distro networks, tactical fuel logistics in contested areas, inefficient equipment in theater, energy choke points, high and volatile prices, threats to fuel projection affect power projection, AirSea battle concept, new capabilities with growing energy needs, implications for sustainment, legacy equipment.
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Energy opportunities—centralized power generation, energy efficient shelters, advanced power distribution, tactical solar, Sea: hybrid electric drives in LHDs, LHAs and DDGs, better hull and propeller coatings, UUVs, Air: improved routing and flight profiles, optimized cargo loading, engine wash/less drag.
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CENTCOM taking lead Operational energy equals operational capability
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Implementation plan—measure OE consumption, improve energy performance and efficiency, promote energy innovation, improve OE security at fixed installations, promote the development of alternative fuels, incorporate energy security considerations into Requirements and Acquisition, Adapt policy
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Operational energy capability improvement fund—technical goals and institutional goals
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FY 12 Energy capability improvement fund—demo technologies at FOBs, Combat outposts and proto bases, looking for programs not just projects, programs to be executed through RDT&E organizations, OEPP will fund programs through 3 fiscal years
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32 program proposals resulted in 5 programs—combined 6 army and AF proposals into one shelter program
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PACOM TROPEC—Transformation Reductions in Operational Energy Consumption
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2 projects improved heating and air conditioning for expeditionary outposts, two on energy efficient shelters
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Two others—Army RD&E Bagram AFB and waste to energy system
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PACOM==TERMINAL FURY AND CRIMSON VIPER energy considerations and energy efficient equipment
 http://energy.defense.gov
Col Robert Charettte (USMC), Expeditionary Energy Office
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Logistic convoy study 299 fuel/water convoys (98days), 6 marines WIA hauling fuel/water, 1 marine WIA per 50 fuel/water convoys
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By 2025 USMC —only liquid fuel needed will be for mobility systems which will be more energy efficient than today
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Air conditioning 60% of energy use on the battlefield
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Initial capabilities Document signed Sept 11

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Price gas in Afghanistan $8.37 a gal- 260,000 gal a day, 19,771 fuel trucks/ year—want to get to
50% of this by 2025
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Experimental Forward Operating Base (ExFOB)—Joint Army, Marine effort
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First ExFOB (2010)“Concept-to-Combat-to Programs”—solar panels, shelter liners, LED ,
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Hybrid power evaluation (PB Boldak). doing AoA on it
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With Afghanistan pop--Solar water purification, renewable energy on Gov’s house
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Training education and doctrine—Common skills program, training and readiness manuals, expeditionary warfare school, doctrine review, training road show new equipment, NPS-Navy
Curricula
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Model—365 days show effect of new technology on Marine Expeditionary Brigade
Q: Have guidelines for how much power you are looking for different weight classes?
A: Small systems 5w-60kw hybrid, trying to avoid large micro grids above 60kw. Army is looking at larger than 60kw
Q: What drives 50% reduction in fuels?
A: Our strategy is not reduction based strategy but efficiency based strategy. So not consumption based we want to be 50% more efficient. We may be using more fuel in the future. We think we can reduce waste on the battlefield. Just by education it is possible to achieve 20% reduction---e.g. turning off A/C in shelter when no one in it. We need technology to get rid of A/C. We need to get S&T investments right today to get beyond 2020 mark.
Dr. Thomas Killion Director, Biometrics Identity Management Agency (was Science advisor to Joint IED
Defeat Agency)
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Research opportunities—new modalities (e.g. vein structure, DNA, heart beat, odor, multispectral face), human expertise, advanced algorithms/fusion, standoff & non-cooperative biometrics, robustness/stability/distinctiveness of characteristics, vulnerability
(spoofing/counter-biometrics), data management (security, scalability)
Q: POC from EUCOM: Can you discuss on how can move top level guidance forward to be able to use and share biometrics?
A: You are likely talking about events in EUCOM about being able to share data. Part of this is a policy issue. In the case of our international partners we need to have international agreements for how we can share information. A STANAG is being developed that will have fields that force caveats for specific uses of the biometrics.
Q: Science advisor for 1 MEF: Sustainability and interoperability of biometrics that come into the theater. How do you insure that as you introduce a new device you can insure data bases are still useful?

A; This is a challenge. There are examples of this having. This led to systems like SEEK because it has comms capability, greater capacity, etc. We are moving toward programs of record for these devides and data bases that will help insure devices and databases are interoperable. This is good news for establishing standards for these systems. But it will be a continuing challenge to us to be able to continue to use data in data bases. Just like when a new version of MS Word comes out it still needs to be backwards compatible.
MARITIME SECURITY
Facilitator: ADM Thomas Fargo USN (Ret) Former Commander USPACOM
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Context national strategy to rebalance to the Pacific
RADM Charles Ray, Commander 14 th Coast Guard District
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14 th district—covers 43% of US Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) over 1.5M square miles
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Technology o Rescue 21—ability to respond and triangulate in the next few months o NAIS and LRIT—method to look for vessels offshore. Allows to identify who coming to
US shores, used for security and safety o Pacific land mobile radio—how all multiple agencies communicate o MCV and ACU 1000 system—USCG version of mobile command platform. VHF and UHF and create common operating picture. Fly on back of C130 and begin operating o CENTRIX and APAN (can use with Micronesia for fishers) –technology to connect fishers o VMS for domestic fisheries enforcement o VMS for foreign fisheries association—esp used down South. Now do 60-70 boardings when send vessel on patrol down south o Watch Keeper—To bring port partners together and create a common operational picture (to work inter agency)
RDML Christopher Tomney, Joint Interagency Task Force West (part of PACOM)
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Threats—transnational, diversified, top 3: (1) Meth chemicals manufactured in asia (#1 China,
#3 India)—71% of all abusers of synthetic drugs are asia /17% US. Seized 2000 tons of chemicals last year. (2) Cocaine: going down in US (3) Heroin: going down.
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Current uses of S&T on TF o Understanding the science and chemistry of synthetic drugs o Using sensor technology—looking for discharge from labs—environmental impact of these labs, tracking o Opportunities—safety concern associated with Chemicals that are hidden or mislabeled, technology for data mining—more data out there than human eye can screen, ability to

fingerprint certain chemicals (e.g. carbon 14 can fingerprint natural chemicals but not synthetic drugs)
Ms Kerry Nankivell, Associate Professor APCSS
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Lead engagement initiatives with other countries in AOR through APCSS
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Exploring India-US Cooperation (Feb 6-9 2012)
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Painful interaction with India/Don’t have a good idea of shared maritime security objectives/divergent objectives or priorities
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Just wanted to open dialog to identify what best practices to share
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Delegates findings: o Priority areas—coastal law enforcement, environmental stewardship, coordinated regional capacity-building o Constraints identified—Regional friends and partners, stove pipes and delays ininfo sharing, US ambiguity regarding UNCLOS
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Academic findings: o Bi-lateral cooperation will have limited pay-off if don’t pay attention to India’s needs o Bureaucracy is way to cope with lack of trust and familiarity o India is not ready for robust conversation and will resist US moves in the region o US strategic ambiguity is widely believed in India
Q: What should USCG do in South China sea to foster cooperation?
A: International law of the sea helps put framework and precedence. We need to push for transparency of intentions (e.g. fish) and unclass S&T that we discussed. One thing we’ve done for years was to include USCG with carrier exercises in Asia. Helped to build trust in Indonesia. 2 nd thing is how many folks have transponders—need to get it down to lowest common denominator. In Singapore they know where every vessel is. Building law enforcement capabilities in Vietnam, working with security services.
Need more private sector for confidence building which is useful area to build confidence. NOAA would have some value that would not be provocative.
Q: Any evidence of submersibles into PACOM AOR?
A: No. That technology is not so feasible in the PACOM AOR. Mostly because of large distances looking at container ships.
Q: What has been benefit of PSI policy?
A: Has achieved quite a bit in the past but probably at steady state. It has been a forcing function to build skills. Pointed out the importance of information sharing, platforms and organizations.

Technology is not the issue it is policy. Singapore build a fusion center that had bi-lateral fusion center and multi-national fusion central
Q: How can we empower international partners? How can we provide affordable technology to international partners?
A: In area of transnational crime sent up regional crime network. Nothing magical but gave a rudimentary capability. Need to give fairly low tech systems that allow them to collaborate e.g. foreign fisheries used low overhead systems and gave them access to info which allowed them to share). If you look at how PACOM has approached Indonesia—small coastal control craft, modest C2 capability, modest comms systems
Q: Admiral could you share your thought on the new re balancing and to USCG what are the implications of re-balancing on USCG?
A: Biggest area is that if there is going to be growth in USCG there will be growth –national security cover fleet (we will see it here) and at ART area (??). Overall perception is that it is a good thing to focus on East Asia and Pacific. All have said this is the Pacific century and Asia century but have been distracted by Middle East. We need to do a better job of what it means. Mis-perceptions. Some people thing big increase in resources or Atlantic fleet shifted to the Pacific. Plan for training in Darwin makes great sense, in Thailand finding air space for training. Putting LCS’s in Singapore makes sense. We will have to make steps transparent so that friends in region do not think that it is aggressive.