EXPOSURE DRAFT
EXPOSURE DRAFT (03/10/2014)
Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative)
Methodology (Domestic, Commercial and
Industrial Wastewater) Determination 2014
I, Greg Hunt, Minister for the Environment, make the following determination.
Dated
2014
Greg Hunt [DRAFT ONLY—NOT FOR SIGNATURE]
Minister for the Environment
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Contents
Part 1—Preliminary
1
2
3
4
5
1
Name of determination ............................................................................................... 1
Commencement .......................................................................................................... 1
Authority ..................................................................................................................... 1
Duration ...................................................................................................................... 1
Definitions .................................................................................................................. 1
Part 2—Wastewater projects
6
4
Wastewater projects .................................................................................................... 4
Part 3—Project requirements
5
Division 1—General requirements
7
8
9
10
11
5
Operation of this Part .................................................................................................. 5
Lagoons to be replaced ............................................................................................... 5
Anaerobic digesters ..................................................................................................... 5
Combustion devices .................................................................................................... 5
Project to be in accordance with application ............................................................... 5
Part 4—Net abatement amounts
6
Division 1—Operation of this Part
12
13
14
6
Operation of this Part .................................................................................................. 6
Overview of gases accounted for in abatement calculations ....................................... 6
References to factors and parameters from external sources ....................................... 6
Division 2—Method for calculating net abatement amount
15
8
Net abatement amount (A) .......................................................................................... 8
Division 3—Baseline emissions
16
17
18
19
20
21
9
Baseline emissions (EB) .............................................................................................. 9
Proportion of biogas that is generated by eligible wastewater (WEW) ......................... 9
Methane generated by eligible wastewater (MEW) .....................................................10
Methane generated by ineligible material (MIM) ........................................................10
Maximum methane-producing capacities (MMax,w) ....................................................11
Methane combusted by combustion device (h) (MCom,h) ............................................11
Division 4—Project emissions
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
14
Project emissions (EP) ................................................................................................14
Emissions from fossil fuel use (EFuel).........................................................................14
Emissions from purchased electricity use (EElec) .......................................................15
Emissions from anaerobic digester leakage or venting events (EAD,IM)......................15
Volume of methane vented due to a major venting event (Mvent,q).............................16
Emissions from the combustion of biogas (ECom) ......................................................17
Emissions from the end management of digestate (EDig) ...........................................17
Digestate—aerobic treatment (EDig,aer,n) .....................................................................18
Digestate—disposed to landfill (EDig,LF) ....................................................................19
Digestate—treated in open anaerobic lagoon (EDig,Lag) ..............................................19
Part 5—Reporting, record keeping and monitoring requirements
32
33
34
21
Operation of this Part .................................................................................................21
Requirement to monitor certain parameters ...............................................................21
Monitored parameters ................................................................................................22
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Schedule 1—Default maximum methane-producing capacities
1
ii
33
Default maximum methane-producing capacities (MMax,w)........................................33
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Preliminary Part 1
Section 1
Part 1—Preliminary
1 Name of determination
This is the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Methodology (Domestic,
Commercial and Industrial Wastewater) Determination 2014.
2 Commencement
This instrument commences on the day after it is registered.
3 Authority
This instrument is made under subsection 106(1) of the Carbon Credits (Carbon
Farming Initiative) Act 2011.
4 Duration
This instrument remains in force for the period that:
(a) begins when the determination commences; and
(b) ends on the day before this determination would otherwise be repealed
under subsection 50(1) of the Legislative Instruments Act 2003.
5 Definitions
In this instrument:
Act means the Carbon Credits (Carbon Farming Initiative) Act 2011.
anaerobic digester means a system that consists of:
(a) one or more closed units designed to promote anaerobic digestion; and
(b) a biogas collection system; and
(c) any equipment associated with the transfer of biogas to a combustion
device.
Note:
Examples of anaerobic digesters include the following:
(a) covered anaerobic lagoons;
(b) plug-flow reactors;
(c) continuously stirred tank reactors;
(d) fixed film digesters;
(e) up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket digesters.
anaerobic digestion means a biological process in which organic matter is
broken down by bacteria in the absence of oxygen.
application, for a wastewater project, means the application, made under
section 22 of the Act, for declaration of the project as an eligible offsets project.
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Part 1 Preliminary
Section 5
biogas means a mixture of gases including methane that is generated as a result
of anaerobic digestion of organic material in wastewater.
biogas collection efficiency means the percentage of biogas generated in an
anaerobic digester that is sent to a combustion device.
combustion device means:
(a) a flare, boiler or internal combustion engine; or
(b) a device:
(i) that combusts biogas with a destruction efficiency of at least 98%; and
(ii) that is operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions;
and
(iii) the combustion process of which can be monitored on a
minute-by-minute basis.
deep open anaerobic lagoon means an open lagoon:
(a) with a depth of more than two metres; and
(b) in which the biological treatment of biomass or other organic matter occurs
through anaerobic digestion; and
(c) from which there is no capture of the resulting methane emissions, which
are vented into the atmosphere.
digestate means a liquid or semisolid material that:
(a) remains in an anaerobic digester following anaerobic treatment; and
(b) must be removed periodically.
domestic or commercial wastewater has the meaning given by
subsection 5.23(2) of the NGER (Measurement) Determination.
eligible wastewater, in relation to a wastewater project, means industrial,
domestic or commercial wastewater from an historic source for the project.
historic source, for a wastewater project, means a source from which domestic,
commercial or industrial wastewater entered a lagoon being replaced in the
project during the relevant 12-month period for the project.
industrial wastewater has the meaning given by subsection 5.40(2) of the NGER
(Measurement) Determination.
ineligible material, in relation to a wastewater project, means any organic
material treated in a project digester that is not eligible wastewater.
major venting event: a major venting event occurs when biogas in the storage
capacity of an anaerobic digester is released to the atmosphere in a way that does
not represent the proper operation of the anaerobic digester, including:
(a) when the biogas is released intentionally (for example, for safety or
maintenance purposes); and
(b) when the biogas is released unintentionally (for example, as the result of a
system failure).
monitoring and control system, for a flare, means a system that consists of:
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Preliminary Part 1
Section 5
(a) a monitoring system that detects the flame of a flare and monitors if the
flare is operating at the manufacturer’s specifications for the complete
combustion of methane; and
(b) an associated control system that shuts down biogas flow to the flare either
when no flame is detected or when the flare is not operating at the
manufacturer’s specifications for the complete combustion of methane.
Note:
An example of a monitoring and control system for a flare is a flare management
system that incorporates a UV detection sensor.
NGER (Measurement) Determination means the National Greenhouse and
Energy Reporting (Measurement) Determination 2008.
NGER Regulations means the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting
Regulations 2008.
project digester, in relation to a wastewater project, means an anaerobic digester
installed by the project.
relevant 12-month period, for a wastewater project, means the 12-month period
ending on the day before an application under section 22 of the Act is made in
relation to the project.
relevant day, for a wastewater project, has the meaning given by
subsection 24(2).
source, of wastewater, means the point of generation of the wastewater, which
may be expressed as a physical location where the wastewater generation occurs
or a specific activity or facility that generates the wastewater.
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Part 2 Wastewater projects
Section 6
Part 2—Wastewater projects
6 Wastewater projects
(1) For paragraph 106(1)(a) of the Act, this instrument applies to an offsets project
that installs anaerobic digesters to replace deep open anaerobic lagoons.
(2) A project covered by subsection (1) is a wastewater project.
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Project requirements Part 3
General requirements Division 1
Section 7
Part 3—Project requirements
Division 1—General requirements
7 Operation of this Part
For paragraph 106(1)(b) of the Act, this Division sets out requirements that must
be met for a wastewater project to be an eligible offsets project.
8 Lagoons to be replaced
(1) A lagoon that is to be replaced must treat any, or a combination of any, of the
following:
(a) domestic wastewater;
(b) commercial wastewater;
(c) industrial wastewater.
(2) The lagoon must be a deep open anaerobic lagoon.
Note:
For deep open anaerobic lagoon, see section 5.
(3) The application for the project must include evidence of the kinds and sources of
the wastewater treated in the lagoon during the relevant 12-month period.
9 Anaerobic digesters
The anaerobic digester that is installed must capture biogas that results from the
treatment of wastewater in the digester.
10 Combustion devices
(1) The biogas captured by the anaerobic digester must be combusted with a
combustion device.
(2) A combustion device covered by paragraph (b) of the definition of combustion
device in section 5 must not be used without the approval by the Regulator
(whether as part of the assessment of the application for the project or
otherwise).
11 Project to be in accordance with application
The implementation of the project must be substantially as described in the
application, or as otherwise approved by the Regulator.
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Part 4 Net abatement amounts
Division 1 Operation of this Part
Section 12
Part 4—Net abatement amounts
Division 1—Operation of this Part
12 Operation of this Part
For paragraph 106(1)(c) of the Act, this Part specifies the method for working
out the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for a reporting period
for a wastewater project that is an eligible offsets project.
13 Overview of gases accounted for in abatement calculations
The following table provides an overview of the greenhouse gas abatement and
emissions that are relevant to working out the carbon dioxide equivalent net
abatement amount for a wastewater project.
Greenhouse gases and emissions sources
Item
Relevant
calculation
Emissions source
Greenhouse gas
1
Baseline
emissions
Treatment of eligible wastewater
in a deep open anaerobic lagoon
Methane (CH4)
2
Project
emissions
Fossil fuel consumption
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
3
Project
emissions
Electricity consumption
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
4
Project
emissions
Emissions from anaerobic
digester leakage or venting events
Methane (CH4)
5
Project
emissions
Emissions from the combustion of
biogas
Methane (CH4)
6
Project
emissions
Post treatment of digestate
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
14 References to factors and parameters from external sources
(1) If a calculation in this Part includes a factor or parameter that is defined or
calculated by reference to another instrument or writing, the factor or parameter
to be used for a reporting period is the factor or parameter referred to in, or
calculated by reference to, the instrument or writing as in force on the earlier of
the following days:
(a) the day the offsets report for the reporting period is given to the Regulator;
(b) the day that report is required to be given to the Regulator.
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Net abatement amounts Part 4
Operation of this Part Division 1
Section 14
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a parameter that is required to be worked out in
accordance with the monitoring requirements.
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Part 4 Net abatement amounts
Division 2 Method for calculating net abatement amount
Section 15
Division 2—Method for calculating net abatement amount
15 Net abatement amount (A)
The carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount (A) for a reporting period is
worked out using the formula (equation 1):
A  EB  EP
where:
A means the carbon dioxide equivalent net abatement amount for the reporting
period, in tonnes CO2-e.
EB means the baseline emissions for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e,
worked out using equation 2.
EP means the project emissions for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked
out using equation 9.
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Net abatement amounts Part 4
Baseline emissions Division 3
Section 16
Division 3—Baseline emissions
16 Baseline emissions (EB)
The baseline emissions (EB) for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, is worked
out using the formula (equation 2):
EB  γ  WEW 

h
MCom,h
where:
EB means the baseline emissions for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.
 means the factor, set out in Part 5.3 of the NGER (Measurement)
Determination, that converts cubic metres of methane to tonnes CO2-e at
standard conditions.
WEW means the proportion of biogas that is generated during the reporting period
by eligible wastewater and has the default value given by subsection 17(1), or is
worked out using equation 3, as required.
MCom,h means the methane combusted by combustion device (h) during the
reporting period, in cubic metres (m3), worked out using equation 6, 7 or 8 as
required.
h means a combustion device.
17 Proportion of biogas that is generated by eligible wastewater (WEW)
(1) If both of the conditions in subsection (2) are satisfied for the reporting period:
WEW  1
(2) The conditions are as follows:
(a) the volume of an individual type of ineligible material treated in project
digesters during the reporting period (QMat,w) does not exceed 0.5% of the
total volume of material treated in the digesters (QMat);
(b) the volume of all ineligible material treated in project digesters during the
reporting period (ƩwQMat,w) is less than 2% of the total volume of material
treated in project digesters (QMat);
where the parameters QMat,w, QMat and ƩwQMat,w are determined in accordance
with the table in section 34 where (w) is a type of ineligible material treated in
project digesters during the reporting period.
(3) If one or both of the conditions are not satisfied for the reporting period, the
proportion of biogas that is generated during the reporting period by eligible
wastewater (WEW) is worked out using the formula (equation 3):
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Part 4 Net abatement amounts
Division 3 Baseline emissions
Section 18
WEW 
M EW
M  M 
 IM
EW 


where:
WEW means the proportion of biogas that is generated by eligible wastewater
during the reporting period.
MEW means methane generated by eligible wastewater during the reporting
period, in tonnes (t), worked out using equation 4.
MIM means methane generated by ineligible material during the reporting period,
in tonnes (t), worked out using equation 5.
18 Methane generated by eligible wastewater (MEW)
(1) The methane generated by eligible wastewater (MEW) during the reporting
period, in tonnes (t), is worked out using the formula (equation 4):
M EW 

w
(VSw  M Max,w )
where:
MEW means the methane generated by eligible wastewater during the reporting
period, in tonnes (t).
VSw means the quantity of volatile solids from material type (w) treated in
project digesters during the reporting period, in tonnes (t), determined in
accordance with the table in section 34.
MMax,w means the maximum methane-producing capacity of material type (w), in
tonnes of methane per tonne of volatile solids (t CH4/t VS) determined in
accordance with section 20.
w means an eligible wastewater type treated in project digesters during the
reporting period.
19 Methane generated by ineligible material (MIM)
The methane generated by ineligible material (MIM) during the reporting period,
in tonnes (t) is worked out using the formula (equation 5):
MIM 

w
(VSw  M MAX,w )
where:
MIM means the methane generated by ineligible material during the reporting
period, in tonnes (t).
VSw means the quantity of volatile solids from material type (w) treated in
project digesters during the reporting period, in tonnes (t), determined in
accordance with the table in section 34.
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Net abatement amounts Part 4
Baseline emissions Division 3
Section 20
MMax,w means the maximum methane-producing capacity of material type (w), in
tonnes of methane per tonne of volatile solids (t CH4/t VS) determined in
accordance with section 20.
w means an ineligible material treated in project digesters during the reporting
period.
20 Maximum methane-producing capacities (MMax,w)
(1) If the table in clause 1 of Schedule 1 sets out a default value for a type of eligible
wastewater or ineligible material (w), the maximum methane-producing capacity
of material type (w) (MMax,w) may be determined:
(a) by using the default value in the table in clause 1 of Schedule 1 for the
material type; or
(b) in accordance with the table in section 34.
(2) If the table in clause 1 of Schedule 1 does not set out a default value for material
type (w), MMax,w must be determined in accordance with the table in section 34.
(3) If, at any time during the project;
(a) the table in clause 1 of Schedule 1 is amended so that it sets out a default
value for material type (w); and
(b) before the amendment there was no default value set out in the table for
material type (w);
MMax,w may be determined, following the amendment, by using the default value.
(4) However, if, at any time during the project:
(a) the table in clause 1 of Schedule 1 sets out a default value for material type
(w); and
(b) MMax,w is determined in accordance with the table in section 34;
then, MMax,w must be determined in accordance with the table in section 34 for
the remainder of the project.
(5) Subsections (2) to (4) have effect subject to section 33.
21 Methane combusted by combustion device (h) (MCom,h)
(1) The methane combusted by combustion device (h) (MCom,h) during the reporting
period, in cubic metres (m3), is worked out as follows:
(a) if the device is a boiler, or a flare with a flare monitoring and control
system—using equation 6;
(b) if the device is an internal combustion engine—using equation 6 or 7;
(c) if the device is not covered by paragraph (a) or (b)—using equation 8.
(2) Equation 6:
MCom,h  QBG,h  WBG,CH4
where:
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Part 4 Net abatement amounts
Division 3 Baseline emissions
Section 21
MCom,h means the methane combusted by combustion device (h) during the
reporting period, in cubic metres (m3).
QBG,h means the biogas sent to combustion device (h) during the reporting period
in cubic metres (m3) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.
WBG,CH4 means the proportion of the volume of the biogas that is methane:
(a) set out in subsection 5.37(2) of the NGER (Measurement) Determination;
or
(b) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.
h means a combustion device.
Note:
For working out WBG,CH4 , see also subsections (5) and (6).
(3) Equation 7:
M Com,h 
Q EG,h  FMWh GJ
Eff h  EC BG
where:
MCom,h means the methane combusted by combustion device (h) during the
reporting period, in cubic metres (m3).
QEG,h means the electricity (supplied to the grid or used onsite) generated by
combustion device (h), in megawatt hours (MWh), determined in accordance
with the table in section 34.
FMWh→GJ means the factor to convert megawatt hours (MWh) to gigajoules (GJ),
which is 3.6.
Effh means the electrical efficiency of combustion device (h) , as a percentage
(%), being:
(a) the electrical efficiency prescribed in the manufacturer’s specifications for
the device; or
(b) if no electrical efficiency is so prescribed—36%.
ECBG means the energy content factor for biogas that is captured for combustion
(methane only), in gigajoules per cubic metre (GJ/m3) set out in Part 2 of
Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement) Determination.
h means a combustion device that is an internal combustion engine.
(4) Equation 8:
MCom,h  WBG,CH4  m  Oh,m  QBG,h,m 
where:
MCom,h means the methane combusted by combustion device (h) during the
reporting period, in cubic metres (m3).
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Net abatement amounts Part 4
Baseline emissions Division 3
Section 21
WBG,CH4 means the proportion of the volume of the biogas that is methane:
(a) set out in subsection 5.37(2) of the NGER (Measurement) Determination;
or
(b) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.
Oh,m means the operation of combustion device (h) in minute (m), being either 0
or 1, determined in accordance with the table in section 34.
QBG,h,m means the biogas sent to combustion device (h) in each minute (m)
during the reporting period in cubic metres (m3) determined in accordance with
the table in section 34.
h means a combustion device.
m means a minute in the reporting period.
(5) If, at any time during the project, the table in section 34 is used to work out
WBG,CH4 for the purposes of equation 6, 8 or 13, then, the table in section 34 must
be used to work out WBG,CH4 for the purposes of those equations for the
remainder of the project.
(6) Subsection (5) has effect subject to section 33.
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Part 4 Net abatement amounts
Division 4 Project emissions
Section 22
Division 4—Project emissions
22 Project emissions (EP)
The project emissions for the reporting period (EP), in tonnes CO2-e, is worked
out using the formula (equation 9).
E P  E Fuel  E Elec  E AD,IM  E Com  E Dig
where:
EP means the project emissions for the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.
EFuel means the emissions from fossil fuel used during the reporting period, in
tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 10.
EElec means the emissions from purchased electricity used during the reporting
period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 11.
EAD,IM means the emissions, generated from ineligible material, from anaerobic
digester leakage or venting events during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e:
(a) if both of the conditions in subsection 17(2) are satisfied for the reporting
period—with a default value of 0; or
(b) otherwise—worked out using equation 12.
ECom means the emissions from combustion devices during the reporting period,
in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 14.
EDig means the emissions from the end management of the digestate treated
during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, worked out using equation 15.
23 Emissions from fossil fuel use (EFuel)
The emissions from fossil fuel used (EFuel) during the reporting period, in tonnes
CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 10):
E Fuel 

i
Q Fuel,i  ECi  EFijoxec
j
1 000
where:
EFuel means the emissions from fossil fuel used during the reporting period, in
tonnes CO2-e.
QFuel,i means the quantity of fuel type (i) used during the reporting period, in
tonnes (t), kilolitres (kL), cubic metres (m3), or gigajoules (GJ), determined in
accordance with the table in section 34.
ECi means the energy content factor for fuel type (i) in gigajoules per tonne
(GJ/t), gigajoules per kilolitre (GJ/kL) or gigajoules per cubic metre (GJ/m3), set
out in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement) Determination.
Note:
14
If QFuel,i is measured in gigajoules, then ECi is not required (ECi=1).
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Net abatement amounts Part 4
Project emissions Division 4
Section 24
EFijoxec means the emission factor, in kilograms CO2-e per gigajoule (kg
CO2-e/GJ), set out in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement)
Determination for greenhouse gas type (j) and fuel type (i).
i means a fossil fuel type.
j means a greenhouse gas type (CO2, N2O, CH4).
24 Emissions from purchased electricity use (EElec)
(1) The emissions from purchased electricity (EElec) used during the reporting period,
in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 11):
E Elec  QElec 
EFElec
1000
where:
EElec means the emissions from purchased electricity used during the reporting
period, in tonnes CO2-e.
QElec means the quantity of purchased electricity used during the reporting
period, in kilowatt hours (kWh), determined in accordance with the table in
section 34.
EFElec means:
(a) for electricity obtained from a grid for which National Greenhouse
Accounts Factors included an emissions factor on the relevant day—that
factor, in kilograms CO2-e per kilowatt hour (kg CO2-e/kWh); or
(b) for electricity obtained otherwise on a particular day (whether or not from a
grid):
(i) if the supplier of the electricity is able to provide an emissions factor
that reflects the emissions intensity of the electricity on the relevant
day—that factor, in kilograms CO2-e per kilowatt hour (kg
CO2-e/kWh); or
(ii) otherwise—the emissions factor for off-grid electricity, in kilograms
CO2-e per kilowatt hour (kg CO2-e/kWh), included in National
Greenhouse Accounts Factors for the relevant day.
Note:
The document titled National Greenhouse Accounts Factors is published by the
Department.
(2) In this section:
relevant day means the day the wastewater project was declared to be an eligible
offsets project.
25 Emissions from anaerobic digester leakage or venting events (EAD,IM)
(1) The emissions, generated from ineligible material, from anaerobic digester
leakage or venting events (EAD,IM) during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e,
is worked out using the formula (equation 12):
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Part 4 Net abatement amounts
Division 4 Project emissions
Section 26


1


E AD,IM = γ × 1 - WEW  × 
- 1 ×


  CE


 h M Com,h +

M
 q Vent,q 

where:
EAD,IM means the emissions, generated from ineligible material, from anaerobic
digester leakage or venting events during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.
γ means the factor, set out in Part 5.3 of the NGER (Measurement)
Determination, that converts cubic metres of methane to tonnes CO2-e at
standard conditions.
WEW means the proportion of biogas that is generated by eligible wastewater
during the reporting period, worked out in accordance with section 17.
CE means 0.98, being the biogas collection efficiency of an anaerobic digester.
Mcom,h means the volume of methane sent to combustion device (h), in cubic
metres (m3), worked out in accordance with section 21.
Mvent,q means the volume of methane vented due to major venting event (q)
during the reporting period, in cubic metres (m3), worked out using equation 13.
h means a combustion device used during the reporting period.
q means a major venting event associated with an anaerobic digester during the
reporting period.
26 Volume of methane vented due to a major venting event (Mvent,q)
If a major venting event associated with an anaerobic digester occurs during a
reporting period, the volume, in cubic metres, of methane vented due to the
major venting event (Mvent,q) is worked out using the formula (equation 13):



M vent,q =  MSBCS +  FR daily,q × t q   × WBG,CH 4



where:
Mvent,q means the volume of methane vented due to major venting event (q), in
cubic metres (m3).
MSBCS means the maximum biogas storage capacity, of the anaerobic digester, in
cubic metres (m3), worked out in accordance with the table in section 34.
FRdaily,q means the average total daily flow of biogas, from the anaerobic digester
for the 7 days before major venting event (q), in cubic metres per day (m3/day),
worked out in accordance with the table in section 34.
tq means the number of days for all or part of which major venting event (q) is
uncontrolled, worked out in accordance with the table in section 34.
WBG,CH4 means the proportion of the volume of the biogas that is methane:
16
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EXPOSURE DRAFT
Net abatement amounts Part 4
Project emissions Division 4
Section 27
(a) set out in subsection 5.37(2) of the NGER (Measurement) Determination;
or
(b) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.
Note:
If, at any time during the project, the table in section 34 is used to work out WBG,CH4 for
the purposes of equation 6, 8 or 13, then, the table in section 34 must be used to work
out WBG,CH4 for the purposes of those equations for the remainder of the project: see
subsection 21(5).
q means a major venting event associated with the anaerobic digester during the
reporting period.
27 Emissions from the combustion of biogas (ECom)
The emissions (of methane and nitrous oxide) from combustion devices (ECom)
during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula
(equation 14):
ECom 

h
M Com,h  ECBG 
 EF
j
j
1000
where:
ECom means the emissions (of methane and nitrous oxide) from combustion
devices during the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.
MCom,h means the methane emissions combusted by combustion device (h), in
cubic metres (m3), worked out using equation 6, 7 or 8 (as applicable under
subsection 21(1)).
ECBG means the energy content factor for biogas that is captured for combustion
(methane only) in gigajoules per cubic metre (GJ/m3) set out in Part 2 of
Schedule 1 to the NGER (Measurement) Determination.
EFj means the emission factor for gas type (j) for combustion of sludge biogas
that is captured for combustion (methane only) in kilograms of CO2-e per
gigajoule (kg CO2-e/GJ) set out in Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the NGER
(Measurement) Determination.
h means combustion device.
j means greenhouse gas type (N2O, CH4).
28 Emissions from the end management of digestate (EDig)
(1) The emissions from the end management of digestate (EDig) treated during the
reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation
15):
EDig 

n
EDig,n
where:
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Part 4 Net abatement amounts
Division 4 Project emissions
Section 29
EDig means the emissions from the end management of digestate removed during
the reporting period, in tonnes CO2-e.
EDig,n means the emissions ((EDig,aer,n), (EDig,LF) and (EDig,Lag)) from digestate
treatment type (n), in tonnes CO2-e:
(a) worked out using equation 16, 17 or 18, as required; or
(b) for a treatment type not covered by one of those equations—with a default
value of 0.
n means a type of digestate treatment.
29 Digestate—aerobic treatment (EDig,aer,n)
(1) This section applies to digestate treated:
(a) in uncovered non-aerated static piles; or
(b) at an undocumented facility; or
(c) in aerated systems (turned windrows or aerated static piles); or
(d) at a centralised composting facility; or
(e) in an enclosed system (in-vessel) using a bio-filter or biogas scrubber.
(2) The emissions (EDig,aer,n) from the treatment of the digestate, using aerobic
treatment type (n), in tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation
16):
E Dig,aer,n  Q Dig,n  EFDig,n
where:
EDig,aer,n means the emissions from the treatment of the digestate, using aerobic
treatment type (n), in tonnes CO2-e.
QDig,n means the wet weight of digestate treated using treatment type (n), in
tonnes (t) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.
EFDig,n means the emissions factor for treatment type (n), in tonnes CO2-e per
tonne of wet weight digestate (t CO2-e/t wet weight digestate) set out in the
following table:
Emissions factor for digestate treatment
(t CO2-e/t wet weight digestate)
18
Item
Treatment type (n)
EFDig,n
1
in uncovered non-aerated static piles
0.10
2
at an undocumented facility
0.10
3
in aerated systems (turned windrows or aerated
static piles)
0.06
4
at a centralised composting facility
0.06
5
in an enclosed system (in-vessel) using a bio-filter
or biogas scrubber
0.05
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Net abatement amounts Part 4
Project emissions Division 4
Section 30
n means a type of aerobic treatment (see paragraphs (1)(a) to (e)).
30 Digestate—disposed to landfill (EDig,LF)
The emissions (EDig,LF) from digestate disposed to landfill, in tonnes CO2-e, is
worked out using the formula (equation 17):
E Dig,LF  QDig,n  EFDig,n  1  WLFG 


where:
EDig,LF means the emissions from digestate disposed to landfill, in tonnes CO2-e.
QDig,n means the wet weight of digestate treated using treatment type (n), in
tonnes (t) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.
EFDig,n means the emissions factor for digestate disposed to landfill, in tonnes
CO2-e per tonne of wet weight digestate (t CO2-e/t wet weight digestate), which
is 0.3.
WLFG means the average capture rate set out in the following table for methane
emissions from landfills in the State or Territory in which the project is located:
Average capture rate for methane emissions from landfills
Item
State or Territory
Rate (%)
1
New South Wales
37
2
Victoria
45
3
Queensland
30
4
Western Australia
30
5
South Australia
29
6
Tasmania
39
7
Australian Capital Territory
66
8
Northern Territory
18
n means a type of digestate treatment (disposed to landfill).
31 Digestate—treated in open anaerobic lagoon (EDig,Lag)
The emissions (EDig,Lag) from digestate treated in an open anaerobic lagoon, in
tonnes CO2-e, is worked out using the formula (equation 18):
EDig,Lag  VSDig  M Max,Dig  MCFLag  GWPCH4
where:
EDig,Lag means the emissions from digestate treated in an open anaerobic lagoon,
in tonnes CO2-e.
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Part 4 Net abatement amounts
Division 4 Project emissions
Section 31
VSDig means the volatile solids discharged from the anaerobic digester into the
lagoon, in tonnes (t) determined in accordance with the table in section 34.
Note:
Determination of VSDig requires the determination of QDig,n for the digestate where n
means treatment in an open anaerobic lagoon: see items 9 and 13 of the table in
section 34.
MMax,Dig means the maximum methane-producing capacity of the digestate, in
tonnes of methane per tonne of volatile solids (t CH4/t VS) determined in
accordance with the table in section 34.
MCFLag means the methane conversion factor for the lagoon, set out in Part 5.3
of the NGER (Measurement) Determination.
GWPCH4 means the global warming potential value for methane set out in
regulation 2.02 of the NGER Regulations.
20
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Reporting, record keeping and monitoring requirements Part 5
Section 32
Part 5—Reporting, record keeping and monitoring
requirements
Note:
Other reporting, record keeping and monitoring requirements are set out in the
regulations and the rules made under the Act.
32 Operation of this Part
For paragraph 106(3)(d) of the Act, this Part sets out requirements to monitor a
wastewater project that is an eligible offsets project.
33 Requirement to monitor certain parameters
(1) The project proponent for a wastewater project must monitor and determine a
parameter set out in an item of the table in section 34 (as required) in accordance
with the instructions in the item.
(2) Any equipment or device used to monitor the parameter must be calibrated by an
accredited third party technician at intervals, and using methods, that are in
accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
(3) The monitoring must be done in accordance with the following:
(a) requirements that apply in relation to similar measurements or estimates
under the NGER (Measurement) Determination;
(b) industry standards;
(c) relevant standards and other requirements under the National Measurement
Act 1960.
Consequences of failing to monitor
(4) If during a particular period in a reporting period, the parameter is not monitored
in accordance with the table in section 34 (where required), the carbon dioxide
net abatement amount for the reporting period is to be worked out without inputs
from that particular period.
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34 Monitored parameters
A parameter set out in an item of the following table must be monitored in accordance with the instructions in the item.
Monitored Parameters
Item
Parameters
Description
Unit
Measurement procedure (including
frequency as required)
Determination of parameter from
measurements
1
QMat,w
Material type (w)
treated in the
anaerobic digester
Kilolitre or
kilogram (kL
or kg)
Project proponents may choose from
the following measurements options:
(a) the amount of wastewater received
during the reporting period as
evidenced by invoices; or
(b) in accordance with industry practice
relevant to the measurement of the
material; or
(c) estimated under Part 5.3 (domestic
and commercial wastewater) or
Part 5.4 (industrial wastewater), of
the NGER (Measurement)
determination
Cumulative value for the reporting
period
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Units must be the same as for QMat
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Monitored Parameters
Item
Parameters
Description
Unit
Measurement procedure (including
frequency as required)
Determination of parameter from
measurements
Frequency—daily
2
3
QMat
Oh,m
Total volume of
material treated in
the anaerobic
digesters
Kilolitre or
kilogram (kL
or kg)
Operation of
combustion device
(h) in minute (m)
0 or 1
Project proponents may choose from
the following measurements options:
(a) the amount of material received
during the reporting period as
evidenced by invoices; or
(b) in accordance with industry practice
relevant to the measurement of the
quantity of the material; or
(c) estimated under Part 5.3 (domestic
and commercial wastewater) or
Part 5.4 (industrial wastewater), of
the NGER (Measurement)
determination
Frequency—daily
Cumulative value for the reporting
period
Using temperature measurement
For the purposes of equation 8,
measurement of Oh,m must be
paired to QBG,h,m for the same
If in a minute, the temperature is 500
degrees Celsius or higher, then flare is
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Units must be the same as for QMat,w
EXPOSURE DRAFT
Monitored Parameters
Item
Parameters
Description
Unit
Measurement procedure (including
frequency as required)
operational and Oh,m=1. Otherwise, it is
not operational and Oh,m=0
Determination of parameter from
measurements
minute (m)
Frequency—minute measurements of
temperature
4
5
6
7
Biogas sent to
combustion device
(h)
Cubic metres
(m3)
QBG,h,m
Biogas sent to
combustion device
(h) in minute (m)
Cubic metres
(m3)
WBG,CH4
Fraction of the
volume of biogas
that is methane
Fraction
Electricity
(supplied to the grid
or used on-site)
Megawatt
hours (MWh)
QBG,h
QEG,h
Estimated under Division 2.3.6 of the
NGER (Measurement) Determination
Frequency—continuous
Estimated under Division 2.3.6 of the
NGER (Measurement) Determination
Cumulative value for either the
reporting period or, if relevant, the
time interval used for determining
average WBG,CH4 measurements
The cumulative value for each
minute (m)
Frequency—continuous
Estimated under Division 2.3.6 of the
NGER (Measurement) Determination
Frequency—continuous
Estimated under Part 6.1 of the NGER
(Measurement) Determination
Frequency—continuous
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Average values for a time interval
not greater than 1 hour must be
paired to measurements of QBG,h for
the same time interval
Cumulative value for the reporting
period
EXPOSURE DRAFT
Monitored Parameters
Item
Parameters
Description
Unit
Measurement procedure (including
frequency as required)
Determination of parameter from
measurements
Tonnes (t),
Kilolitres (kL),
cubic metres
(m3)or
gigajoules
(GJ)
Project proponents may choose from
the following:
(a) estimated in accordance with
Division 2.4.6 of the NGER
(Measurement) Determination;
(b) measured using a commercial grade
meter;
(c) measured using relevant purchase
records
Cumulative value for the reporting
period
generated by
internal combustion
engine (h)
8
QFuel,i
Quantity of fossil
fuel type(i) used
during the reporting
period
Measure only the fuel used to
implement and operate the project
Frequency—continuous
9
QElec
Quantity of
electricity
purchased
Kilowatt hours
(kWh)
Measured using either:
(a) a commercial grade meter; or
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EXPOSURE DRAFT
Cumulative value for the reporting
period
EXPOSURE DRAFT
Monitored Parameters
Item
Parameters
Description
Unit
Measurement procedure (including
frequency as required)
Determination of parameter from
measurements
(b) relevant purchase records
If Qelec is measured in gigajoules, the
quantity of kilowatt hours must be
calculated by dividing the amount of
gigajoules by the conversion factor of
0.0036
Measure only the electricity used to
implement and operate the project
Frequency—continuous
10
11
QDig,n
MMax,Dig
Wet weight of
digestate treated
using treatment
type (n)
Tonnes (t)
Maximum
methane-producing
capacity of the
Tonnes of
methane per
tonne of
Measurements are undertaken in
accordance with industry standards
Cumulative value for the reporting
period
Frequency—when digestate is treated
using treatment type (n)
The estimation must be made by a
laboratory in accordance with Method
6211 (1998) or Method 2720 (1997) of
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Average of all measurements made
during the reporting period
EXPOSURE DRAFT
Monitored Parameters
Item
Parameters
Description
Unit
volatile solids.
volatile solids
(t CH4/t VS)
Measurement procedure (including
frequency as required)
the American Public Health
Association Method or an equivalent
Australian or international standard.
Samples from composite of amounts of
digestate collected before being sent to
the open anaerobic lagoon
Enough samples must be collected to
produce a representative sample
The samples of digestate used for the
measurement must be delivered to a
laboratory within 24 hours of collection
and analysed in triplicate
Frequency:
(a) at least once a month; and
(b) if there is a change to the process,
being either a change to the type, or
order, of unit operations used in the
process or the addition of one or
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Determination of parameter from
measurements
EXPOSURE DRAFT
Monitored Parameters
Item
12
Parameters
MMax,w
Description
Maximum
methane-producing
capacity of material
type (w) treated in
the anaerobic
digester
Unit
Tonnes of
methane per
tonne of
volatile solids
(t CH4/t VS)
Measurement procedure (including
frequency as required)
more new material types—at least
once immediately after that change
The estimation must be made by a
laboratory in accordance with Method
6211 (1998) or Method 2720 (1997) of
the American Public Health
Association Method or an equivalent
Australian or international standard
The samples of material type w used
for the measurement must be:
(a) taken concurrently for each material
type w being treated in the
anaerobic digester at the time; and
(b) taken before being combined with
other material types and entering
the anaerobic digester; and
(c) sufficient in number to produce a
representative sample
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Determination of parameter from
measurements
Average of all measurements made
during the reporting period for
material type (w)
EXPOSURE DRAFT
Monitored Parameters
Item
Parameters
Description
Unit
Measurement procedure (including
frequency as required)
Determination of parameter from
measurements
Frequency—at least once for each
month that material type w is treated in
the project digester and immediately
following either:
(a) a change to the type or order of the
anaerobic digester unit operations;
or
(b) treatment of one or more new types
of material
13
VSw
Volatile solids from
material type (w)
treated in the
anaerobic digester
Kilograms
(kg)
The estimation must be made by a
laboratory in accordance with Method
2540E of the American Public Health
Association Method or an equivalent
Australian or international standard
The samples of material type w used
for the measurement must be:
(a) taken concurrently for each material
type w being treated in the
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EXPOSURE DRAFT
The total quantity of volatile solids
of material type (w) treated in the
reporting period, must be derived
by extrapolating the quantity of
volatile solids in the sample to the
weight of material type (w) (QMat,w)
that was treated in the time between
the sample measurements
EXPOSURE DRAFT
Monitored Parameters
Item
Parameters
Description
Unit
Measurement procedure (including
frequency as required)
anaerobic digester at the time; and
(b) taken before being combined with
other material types and entering
the anaerobic digester; and
(c) sufficient in number to produce a
representative sample
Determination of parameter from
measurements
(Note: Determination of VSw where
(w) is a type of eligible wastewater
requires monitoring of QMat,w.)
Frequency—at least once for each
month that material type (w) is treated
in the project digester and immediately
following either:
(a) a change to the type or order of the
anaerobic digester unit operations;
or
(b) treatment of one or more new types
of material
14
VSDig
Volatile solids
discharged from the
anaerobic digester
Tonnes (t)
Volatile solids must be measured under
Method 2540E of the American Public
Health Association Method or an
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The total quantity of volatile solids
of digestate treated in the reporting
period must be derived by
EXPOSURE DRAFT
Monitored Parameters
Item
Parameters
Description
Unit
into an open
anaerobic lagoon
Measurement procedure (including
frequency as required)
equivalent Australian or international
standard
Samples from composite of amounts of
digestate collected before being sent to
the open anaerobic lagoon
Enough samples must be collected to
produce a representative sample
Determination of parameter from
measurements
extrapolating the quantity of
volatile solids in the sample to the
wet weight of digestate material
(QDig,n) that was treated in the
lagoon in the time between the
sample measurements
Frequency:
(a) at least once a month; and
(b) if there is a change to the process,
being either a change to the type, or
order, of unit operations used in the
process or the addition of one or
more new material types—at least
once immediately after that change
15
FRdaily,q
Average total daily
flow of biogas from
the anaerobic
m3/day
Calculated from QBG,h, as monitored in
accordance with item 4
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For each major venting event
EXPOSURE DRAFT
Monitored Parameters
Item
Parameters
Description
Unit
Measurement procedure (including
frequency as required)
Determination of parameter from
measurements
At the following times:
(a) when the anaerobic digesters are
installed;
(b) when the anaerobic digesters are
upgraded in a way that changes
the storage capacity
digester for the 7
days before major
venting event (q)
16
MSBCS
Maximum biogas
storage capacity of
the anaerobic
digester
m3
Either:
(a) measured directly; or
(b) calculated using the manufacturer’s
specifications for the anaerobic
digesters
17
tq
Number of days for
all or part of which
a major venting
event is
uncontrolled
Whole days
Frequency—for each major venting
event
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Default maximum methane-producing capacities Schedule 1
Clause 1
Schedule 1—Default maximum methane-producing
capacities
Note:
See paragraph 20(1)(b).
1 Default maximum methane-producing capacities (MMax,w)
(1) The following table sets out default values for types of material (w) (which could
be eligible wastewater or ineligible material).
Default maximum methane-producing capacities
Item
Material type
Tonne of methane per tonne of
volatile solids (t CH4/t VS)
1
Sheep manure
0.25
2
Rabbit manure
0.17
3
Feeder cattle liquid manure
0.22
4
Cow dung fresh
0.25
5
Horse dung
0.17
6
Poultry excrement, dry
0.28
7
Poultry excrement
0.33
8
Food waste, low fat
0.50
9
Food waste, high fat and
grease trap waste
0.70
10
Ulva sp. Macroalgae
(saltwater)
0.10
11
Oedogonium sp. Macroalgae
(freshwater)
0.16
12
Cladophora sp. Macroalgae
(freshwater)
0.23
13
Microalgae polyculture
(freshwater)
0.20
14
Cabbage leaves
0.33
15
Maize silage
0.30
16
Bakery waste
0.40
17
Cheese waste
0.61
18
Spent grains fresh (brewery)
0.33
19
Slaughterhouse waste
0.61
20
Press mud
0.22
21
Vegetable matter
0.34
22
Barley (cereal/corn)
0.39
23
Barley straw
0.30
24
Glycerine
0.37
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Schedule 1 Default maximum methane-producing capacities
Clause 1
Default maximum methane-producing capacities
Item
Material type
25
Rye silage barley/wheat
(low grain)
0.27
26
Freshly wilted grass
0.30
27
Grass silage
0.32
28
Green pruning (DM content
very variable)
0.34
29
Wheat (cereals)
0.39
30
Wheat bran
0.29
31
Wheat chaff
0.30
32
Wheat straw
0.30
33
Winter peas (whole plant
silage, mid-flowering)
0.27
34
Blood
0.48
34
Tonne of methane per tonne of
volatile solids (t CH4/t VS)
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