Name: ____________________
Study Guide on Body Systems Test
Test Date: _______
To complete this guide, use your class notes and the powerpoints on the website. You
may also find information in the textbook.
I.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Note: The components of the skeletal system include bones, cartilage, joints,
ligaments, tendons, and bone marrow.
A. Marrow…what does it do? ________________________________
B. Cartilage…what is this? __________________________________
C. Joints…what are these? _______________________________
D. Bones can also be held together by tough bands of connective tissue called
_________________.
E. Tendons bind muscle to _____________.
F. Two functions of the skeletal system include:
1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
G. Osteoporosis: what is it? __________________________________________
What causes it? ______________________________________
H. Ossification is a process by which _________ and _________________
replace ________________________.
II.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Note: There are three types of muscles – skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary)
and cardiac. Other components include ligaments and tendons.
A. Skeletal muscles are ___________ muscles; their function is to
___________________.
B. Skeletal muscle are attached to bones by tough bands of tissues called
________________.
C. Name two examples of involuntary muscles: ____________ and ____________
D. Your heart is composed of ___________ muscle. Circle one of these choices—
your heart muscle is considered: voluntary or involuntary?
E. Name 3 reasons why your muscles cramp:
1.
2.
3.
III.
INTEGUMENTARY (SKIN) SYSTEM
Note: Your skin is the largest organ in your body. It is a living unit.
A. The inner layer of your skin is called _________________.
B. The outer layer of your skin is called __________________.
C. Acne is caused when __________ blocks pores.
D. A boil is a skin infection that invades the layers of the skin; a boil often begins in
the _____________.
E. Psoriasis is a skin disease characterized by ____________________.
F. Wart is caused by a ___________ and spreads easily
G. The functions of the skin include:
1. Protects against ________________ (hint: ouch!)
2. Helps keep _________________ (hint: tiny icky things!) from getting in
your body.
3. Protection from ___________ (hint: U.V. rays!)
4. When you get too hot from exercise, ____________ glands produce
______________________.
5. When you get too cold, body __________ radiates from blood vessels near
the surface of your skin.
IV.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Note: the components include brain, spinal cord and meninges.
A. The _____________ or “central processing unit” controls everything in our body.
B. The cranium protects the __________________.
C. The spinal cord contains ______________________________ that relay
messages to others parts of the body.
D. The meninges are _________________________.
E. The meninges protect both the __________ and the _________________.
F. Functions of the central nervous system:
1. It ______________information from the outside world and from within
the body.
2. It ______________activity, including control of all body’s functions, both
_____________ and involuntary.
V.
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Note: this is more information that you will find in “nervous system” notes.
a. The peripheral nervous system includes all nerves that branch from the
_________ and the _______________.
b. The peripheral nervous system can be subdivided into two main
components—the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous
system.
c. The somatic nervous system (concerned with external environment)
controls all of your voluntary actions. Two examples of voluntary actions
include: ___________________ and ___________________.
d. The autonomic nervous system (concerned with internal environment)
controls all of your ____________________ actions.
i. The Sympathetic Nervous System gets our body ready for a fight
or flight response when there are emergencies. Three examples of
physical changes when the Sympathetic Nervous System
responds to a threat include:
1. _______________________________
2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________
ii. The Parasympathetic Nervous System restores ____________ to
the body and reverses the amping up action of the Sympathetic
Nervous System. List what it does…
1. Constricts
2. Lowers
3. Stops
4. Brings
VI.
URINARY SYSTEM
Note: The components of the urinary system are kidneys, artery and vein, ureters,
bladder, urethra.
A. Kidneys __________ your blood and pull out wastes
B. Ureters are tubes from each kidney that carry the ________ down to the
bladder.
C. Bladder is a hollow sack-like organ that stores ________________.
D. The FUNCTIONS of the urinary system include:
1. To remove _______________ from the blood.
2. To control the amount of ___________ in the body.
E. The PROCESS of filtering your blood. Explain what happens when you
drink something: _____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
VII. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Note: The components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood vessels
(arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood.
a. Arteries carry _____________ blood (oxygen rich? Or oxygen poor?)
b. Veins carry _____________ blood (oxygen rich? Or oxygen poor?)
c. The liquid part of blood is called ________________.
d. These cells carry oxygen: _____________________
e. These cells fight infection: _____________________
f. These cells help blood to clot: _____________________
g. The iron in red blood cells that binds and carries oxygen _____________
Second Note: The amount of ____________ in your blood controls your rate of
breathing. The more _______________, the faster you breathe.
VIII. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Note: a number of components are listed in your notes. The following components
are the ones you should know for the test:
a. The gall bladder stores ______________.
b. The pancreas makes _________________.
c. The liver filters ______________.
d. The villi are finger-like structures on the walls of your small intestine that
_________________.
F. The PROCESS of digestion.. Explain what happens when you eat
something: _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
IX.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
a. The lungs are large capillary lined sacks into which _____________ is
drawn.
b. The diaphragm is an involuntary muscle that controls ____________.
c. The functions of the respiratory system include:
1. To bring in _____________ to the lungs/cells
2. To take away _________ and _________ from the
lungs/cells.
d. Why does tissue die when you get severe frostbite:
________________________
e. The PROCESS of respiration.. Explain what happens when you breathe:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________