UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
MINISTRY OF WATER
INTERNAL DRAINAGE BASIN WATER BOARD
HYDROLOGICAL REPORT 2012/2013
Internal Drainage Basin Water Board
P.O Box 1673
Singida-Tanzania
Tel. /Fax: +255 (26) 2502418
E-Mail: bondelakati@yahoo.com
December, 2013
i
LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................................... III
LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................................................... III
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................. III
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... IV
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT .............................................................................................................................1
1.2 LOCATION ...........................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 CLIMATE ..........................................................................................................................................................1
1.4 PHYSIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................................................1
1.4.1 Topography .................................................................................................................................................1
1.4.2 Geomorphology ...........................................................................................................................................2
1.4.3 Drainage Pattern .........................................................................................................................................2
1.4.4 Land Cover and Use ....................................................................................................................................2
1.4.5 Soil ...............................................................................................................................................................3
1.4.6 Main Features .............................................................................................................................................3
1.4.7 Geology ........................................................................................................................................................3
2.0 MONITORING NETWORK ................................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 RAINFALL AND OTHER CLIMATIC STATIONS ......................................................................................................5
2.1.1 rainfall stations ...........................................................................................................................................5
2.1.2 weather stations ...........................................................................................................................................5
2.2 HYDROMETRIC STATIONS ...................................................................................................................................5
2.3 GROUNDWATER STATIONS ..................................................................................................................................5
2.4 WATER QUALITY STATIONS ................................................................................................................................5
2.5 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE STATIONS .........................................................................................................5
3.0 HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL DATA ..................................................................................................................... 7
3.1 RAINFALL AND OTHER CLIMATIC DATA .............................................................................................................7
3.2 DISCHARGE..........................................................................................................................................................7
3.3 WATER LEVEL .....................................................................................................................................................7
3.4 GROUNDWATER ...................................................................................................................................................7
3.3 WATER QUALITY .................................................................................................................................................7
4.0 HYDROLOGY OF THE BASIN .............................................................................................................................. 8
4.1 SURFACE WATER .................................................................................................................................................8
4.2 GROUNDWATER OCCURRENCE ...........................................................................................................................9
4.3 WATER QUALITY ..............................................................................................................................................10
5.0 GENERAL REMARKS AND WAY FORWARD ..................................................................................................... 11
5.1 CONCLUSION .....................................................................................................................................................11
5.2 CHALLENGES .....................................................................................................................................................11
5.3 WAY FORWARD..................................................................................................................................................11
6.0 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................... 12
ii
List of Tables
Table 2-1: Spatial distribution of the working monitoring stations .............................................................. 6
Table 4-1: Long-term average of rainfall in the Basin ................................................................................... 8
Table 4-2: Maximum rainfall amounts .......................................................................................................... 8
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Location of Internal Drainage Basin............................................................................................ 1
Figure 1-2: Map of IDB Showing Drainage Patterns ..................................................................................... 2
Figure 1-3: Land cover map of Internal Drainage Basin................................................................................ 2
Figure 1-4 Geological Map of IDB ................................................................................................................. 4
Figure 4-1: Monthly rainfall in some stations ............................................................................................... 8
Figure 4-2: Water level recorded in Nhumbu River at Shinyanga Road Bridge ............................................ 9
Figure 4-3: Water level recorded in Dudumera River at Kiru Six Road Bridge ............................................. 9
Figure 4-4: Groundwater trend recorded at Singida Maji Yard .................................................................. 10
List of Appendices
Appendix 6.1: List and status of rainfall stations ........................................................................................ 12
Appendix 6-2: List and status of weather stations ..................................................................................... 14
Appendix 6-3 List and status of hydrometric stations ................................................................................ 14
Appendix 6-4: List and status of groundwater monitoring stations ........................................................... 16
Appendix 6-5: List and status of water quality monitoring stations........................................................... 16
Appendix 6-6: Rainfall data recorded at Shinyanga meteorological station .............................................. 17
Appendix 6-7: Temperature data recorded at Shinyanga meteorological station ..................................... 21
Appendix 6-8: Evaporation data recorded at Shinyanga meteorological station ....................................... 21
Appendix 6-9 Flow data recorded in Lake Manyara Sub-basin – Spot measurements .............................. 22
Appendix 6-10: Water Levels in Dudumera and Nhumbu Rivers ............................................................... 23
Appendix 6-11: Water quality data ............................................................................................................. 23
iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Internal Drainage Basin (IDB) is located between latitudes 20 to 70 south of the Equator and
longitudes 330 to 370 east of the Greenwich. It has a jurisdiction area of about 143,099 Km2. The
climate of the Basin is characterized with temperature that range between 220C and 270C during
day time and 150C and 200C. While average rainfall is between 600mm to 900mm, evaporation
is as high as 2100mm annually.
This report provides an overview of the water status in the Basin for the 2012/2013 hydrologic
year (November 2012 to October 2013). The report uses rainfalls, river flows,
lake/reservoir/river levels and water quality data to analyse the situation.
The hydrology and meteorological monitoring network includes 100 rainfall stations in the
Basin, but only 18 are working and among them only 6 are owned by the Basin. There are 11
weather stations, 8 of them are operating fully and 3 have only rain gauges. However, all (except
Shinyanga) have no evaporations pans. Also there are 62 hydrometric stations. Among those 18
are working, 3 have no gauge readers, 6 require rehabilitation and the rest need full
reconstruction. The groundwater network has 22 stations but only two are operating. In addition,
the water quality monitoring network has 9 stations. The spatial distribution of the network is
inadequate. In this hydrological year there were some improvements in rehabilitation of weather
and hydrometric stations.
Data recording was conducted in all working stations. The data include rainfall, temperature,
evaporation and water levels. However, their collection was not comprehensive as some data are
still in the stations and some stations had no gauge readers. The normal discharge measurements
were not conducted due to inadequate fund and effective planning and implementation.
Furthermore, almost all dams are un-gauged. The analysis of the hydro-meteorological data
showed that the water situation in this hydrological year was normal.
The report emphasizes on the need for establishments of a comprehensive and operational
network for effective data recording, collection, processing, analysis and development of an
updated database. Also, basic hydrological functions such as discharge measurements have to be
conducted regularly.
The report is structured into six chapters where chapter one gives general information about the
Basin and the objective of the report. While chapter two contains information on water resources
monitoring network, chapter three presents the characteristics of hydrological data and chapter
four describes the hydrology of the Basin for the reported period. In addition chapter five
summarizes the challenges, conclusion and way forward. Chapter six contains the list of annexes.
iv
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT
The main objective of this report is to give an overview of hydrological status for the November
2012 to October 2013 period. In specific the report aims to provide hydrological information of
the Basin through rainfall, river flow, and water quality and lake/reservoir/water levels data.
1.2 LOCATION
Internal Drainage Basin is located between latitudes 20 to 70 South of Equator and longitudes 330
to 370 East of Greenwich. It is located more or
less in central part of Tanzania and it extends
over 8 regions of Arusha, Dodoma, Kilimanjaro,
Manyara, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Singida and
Tabora, and 31 district councils at different
proportions. The total area of the Basin is
143,099 Km2 which is about 16.4% of the
country. The Basin is divided into 9 subbasins/catchments. They are Lake Eyasi, Lake
Manyara, Lake Natron, Bahi Depression,
Namanga, Monduli I, Monduli II, Olduvai and
Masai Steppe (Figure 1-1). The Basin is also
transboundary (the Lake Natron sub basin is
shared with the republic of Kenya).
Figure 1-1: Location of Internal Drainage Basin
1.3 CLIMATE
The climate of the Basin is essentially tropical savannah with day temperature that ranges
between 250C and 270C while at night may go down to between 150C and 200C. The Basin has
dry (June-October) and wet (November-May) seasons. The average annual rainfall in most parts
of the Basin ranges from 600 to 900 mm/year, but in the north-eastern part near the border of
Kenya the average rainfall may rise to above 1,000 mm/year. The Basin receives both unimodal
and bimodal rainfall. While the unimodal rainfall ranges between 600mm-900mm in areas such
as Dodoma, Shinyanga, Singida and Tabora, the bimodal is between 1000 mm and 1500mm in
Kilimanjaro, Manyara and Arusha regions.
1.4 PHYSIOGRAPHY
1.4.1 TOPOGRAPHY
The Basin is mainly a plateau with scattered hills and mountain ranges especially along the
Eastern Rift Valley. The mountains include Meru and Hanang. Apart from the mountains, there
is Ngorongoro Crater and Western Ridge of the Rift Valley located in the west of Babati town.
These plateau areas do not have much possibility of orographic rainfalls. The altitude of the
Basin ranges from an average of 1500 masl in Singida, Dodoma and Shinyanga areas to an
average of 1900 masl in Mbulu highlands.
1
1.4.2 GEOMORPHOLOGY
Geomorphic and geological features of IDB are closely related to East African Rift Valley
System (EARVS). The Eastern Rift of EARVS namely; “Gregory Rift” is running north - south
and its tectonic movement caused the formation of lakes Natron, Eyasi and Manyara. Volcanic
landforms such as Mount Kilimanjaro, Meru, Hanang and Ngorongoro Crater which are seen
today are reported to have been formed during the EARS. The Rift Valley System caused many
faults in the Basin which are worthy geological structures for groundwater exploration.
1.4.3 DRAINAGE PATTERN
Most of the rivers in the Basin are seasonal. However, there are perennial rivers and springs in
the North Eastern part around lakes Natron and
Manyara. They include Mto wa Mbu, Simba,
Kirurumo,
Ngarenanyuki,
Endanahai,
Err/Dudumera, Hainu, Nambis, Kowu and Magara.
The rivers drain into the lakes (Figure 1-2). The
Basin is internally drained. Most of the lakes are
endorheic since they do not have outlets. The major
lakes are Eyasi, Natron, Manyara, Singidani and
Kindai which are saline and Basotu and Babati that
have fresh water. Also the Basin has about 103 dams
accumulated capacity of about 141,044,131m3.
Figure 1-2: Map of IDB Showing Drainage Patterns
1.4.4 LAND COVER AND USE
The Basin is covered by few forests, grasses, bare land both wet and dry (Figure 1-3). Other
important land covers are national parks such as Lake Manyara and Tarangire, and Nogongoro
Conservation Area Authority. These are
protected areas. The major land uses in the
Basin include settlement, livestock keeping,
little forest and crop farming. They can
further be categorized into four different
uses; arable land suitable for farming, land
suitable for grazing, forests and woodland
and mining.
Figure 1-3: Land cover map of Internal Drainage Basin
(extracted from The Study on the Groundwater Resources Development and Management in the Internal
Drainage Basin by JICA, 2008)
2
1.4.5 SOIL
Soil types in the Basin range from pure sand soils to pure clay soils. In Dodoma and Singida
regions the colours of soils include grey-yellow, reddish-brown and dark grey to black with
variety of textures such as pure sand deposited by rivers, loam and clay soils. While the dark
heavy clay cracks when drying the dark clay loam soils do not. Sandy soils are found mainly
around flash riverbeds in the south of the Basin (Dodoma, Singida, Shinyanga and Tabora
regions). The depths of sand, loam and clay soils in Shinyanga range from shallow, moderately
deep to deep profiles. The parent materials of these soils include granite, gneiss, volcanic and
alluvial.
1.4.6 MAIN FEATURES
The main features in the Basin are plateaus such as Masai Steppe, hills and mountain ranges like
Mount Meru, Mount Hanang and the Ngorongoro Crater. The mountainous areas are located in
the northern parts of the Basin (in Kilimanjaro, Arusha and Manyara regions). The Rift valley
and the National Parks are other important features in the Basin.
1.4.7 GEOLOGY
The geology of the Basin consists of three types of rocks; granitic, metamorphic of Precambrian
and volcanic of tertiary to quaternary. Also sediments of Neogene to Holocene are distributed
around Bahi and Wembere swamps. The Precambrian Basement Rocks include the Dodoman
System (Archean: D) which is distributed around Dodoma while Nyanzian System (Archean: Z)
are distributed in Shinyanga, Nzega, Igunga and Iramba districts. Gabbros outcrops cover the
northern part of Singida region. Besides Kavirondian System (Archean: V) outcrops are confined
near Nzega-Tabora. The Usagaran System (Archean: Xs, Xs-a and Xs-l) rocks crop out the large
area of the eastern part of the Basin. Likewise, the Bukoban System (B) also known as
Proterozoic consisting of sedimentary rocks (mudstone, shale and sandstone) exposures is found
in the southern part of Bahi Swamp. From the central to the northwestern part of the Basin, there
are volcanic features which are associated with rift valley faulting movements. The volcanic
characteristics formed the present Mountains: Meru, Hanang and Kilimanjaro. These huge
volcanic massifs consist of extensive alkaline lava and accumulations of pyroclastics. The
volcanic activities in these mountainous areas are recognized to be dormant. In general, the
alkaline volcanic rocks around these peaks have high volatile contents such as water (H2O),
Carbon dioxide (CO2), and Fluoride (F) (Figure 1-4).
3
4
Figure 1-4 Geological Map of IDB
E
2.0 MONITORING NETWORK
2.1 RAINFALL AND OTHER CLIMATIC STATIONS
2.1.1 RAINFALL STATIONS
The Basin has about 100 rainfall stations which are owned by different organizations such
district councils. The situation requires collaboration and data sharing between the owning
organizations and the Basin. During this reporting year only 18 are functioning (Appendix 5-1).
The Basin owns only 5 stations (Hainu, Puma, Singida Maji Yard, Bubu and Ning'wa dam).
Most of the stations were established in early 1970s and stopped working in mid 1980s.
Therefore, the available data has many missing years.
2.1.2 WEATHER STATIONS
Also the Basin has 11 weather stations. In the 2012/2013 hydrological year 8 were rehabilitated
with automatic equipment and they are functioning fully. However, three (Gwandi, Sekenke and
Bereko) have only rain gauges and they are functioning partially (Appendix 6-2). However, all
except Shinyanga have no evaporation pans. The pans will be constructed in the year 2013/2014.
2.2 HYDROMETRIC STATIONS
The Basin has 62 stations distributed in all sub-basins with different status (Appendix 6-3).
During the 2012/2013 hydrological year only 18 were functioning fully, 3 are in order but there
are no gauge readers and 6 require rehabilitation since they were demolished by flood. Hence
there are 14 stations that are considered for rehabilitation to sum up 36 stations that were
formerly planned for rehabilitation. The rehabilitation was carried out basing on the hydrological
and socio-economic (water demand) importance of the river and station. The rest (26) were not
in the rehabilitation plan and as such they are requiring a complete reconstruction.
2.3 GROUNDWATER STATIONS
The Basin has 22 groundwater monitoring stations (Appendix 6-4) that were drilled since 2008.
The plan is to have 30 stations. Among those only two (Singida Maji Yard and Sepuka) are
functioning. Therefore, the only available groundwater trend is from these two sites. Three
stations (Sepuka, Msingi and Hirbadaw) were installed with automatic data loggers but none is
functioning due technical shortcomings.
2.4 WATER QUALITY STATIONS
The Basin has established a water quality monitoring network for both ground and surface water
(Appendix 6-5). There are 9 stations. The monitoring is conducted in industries, mines, lakes,
rivers and springs. Normally the routine is four times a year during wet and dry seasons.
2.5 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE STATIONS
The spatial distributions of the monitoring stations that are working are inadequate (Table 2-1).
For example, while the Basin has 9 sub basins, rainfall stations are only in 5, hydrometric 4 and
groundwater in 1 sub-basin. However, the number of station in the sub basin is also limited. For
example, 2 groundwater stations in Lake Eyasi are very few. The distributions therefore, hardly
represent the whole water resources situation in the Basin1.
1
There is a need for a comprehensive study to determine the optimum number of monitoring stations in the Basin
5
Table 2-1: Spatial distribution of the working monitoring stations
SN
Sub- Basin
Rainfall Weather* Hydrometric** Groundwater
1
2
Lake Eyasi
Lake
Manyara
Lake Natron
Namanga
Monduli 1
Monduli 2
Olduvai
Bubu
Masai Steppe
8
7
3
2
8
6
2
0
3
0
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
5
1
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
7
1
0
0
0
8
1
5
6
0
9
0
1
0
0
Total
18
11
21
2
*Weather: climatic stations monitoring rainfall, temperature etc
** Hydromet: stations monitoring surface water in rivers, lakes and dams
6
Water
Quality
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
9
3.0 HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL DATA
3.1 RAINFALL AND OTHER CLIMATIC DATA
In the current hydrological year, the Basin recorded rainfall and other climatic data from 17
stations (6 rainfalls and 11weather). However, the collection of these data was at different stages
(some of the data are still at the stations). Hence, even some of the available data are not
complete. The available data include rainfall, temperature and evaporation (Appendix 6.6, 6.7
and 6.8). Data from other 12 rainfall stations that are owned and operated by other organizations
have not been collected due to ineffective communication and collaboration. In addition, most of
the data are still in raw status. The data are recorded in daily scale (like rainfall) and twice a day
(like water level).
3.2 DISCHARGE
Regular discharge measurements were not conducted. Hence there is no updated flow data and
rating curves. However, activity-based measurements were carried out in Lake Manyara Sub
basin (Appendix 6.9). The flow data and rating curves in the Basin is almost in a dormant status.
The issues are unavailability of fund and plans.
3.3 WATER LEVEL
Water levels were recorded in 16 rivers, 1 dam (Usia) and 2 lakes (Babati and Basotu). Like
rainfall, the collection of these data is at different stages as a result not all data are in office. The
recording and collection of the data fell short due to unavailability of gauges in some rivers,
lakes and dams, unavailability/incompetent of gauge readers, destruction/unavailability of low
flow gauges (0-1 metre) and ineffective communication between the stations and the main office.
The office is developing a communication strategy between the office and the stations and to
improve the operation and maintenances of the stations for effective data collection. Almost all
dams and other lakes (Eyasi, Natron, Manyara, Kindai, Singida and Balingida) are un-gauged.
As a result, there is no scientific information of water fluctuations in these water bodies.
3.4 GROUNDWATER
The Basin mainly recorded groundwater data from 1 monitoring station (Figure 4-5). The station
is located within the premises of IDB. The other functioning station was not frequently visited as
a result of financial constrains. The three stations that were installed with automatic recorders are
not operating mainly due to technical constrains. Technically, staff are not competent. Although
none of the stations have a stationed gauge reader for manual recording, there are also inadequate
instruments (three deepers) for the planned 22 monitoring station.
3.3 WATER QUALITY
In the water quality monitoring network (is different from ground and water network) water
sampling was conducted two times; during wet (November) and dry (July) seasons. The data was
collected and analysed (Appendix 6-11). The samples were collected from Urban Water Supply
Authorities, IDB monitoring stations and Local Government Authorities for water quality
monitoring purposes. The monitoring was supposed to be carried out at least four times, however
due to financial constrains it was undertaken twice.
7
4.0 HYDROLOGY OF THE BASIN
4.1 SURFACE WATER
Regarding the climatic condition (section 1-3) of the Basin and the Long-term Rainfall Average
(LTA) per station per area as presented in Table 4-1, this hydrological year had variation of
wetness (above average), dryness (below average) and normal (average) characteristics in
different places such as Magugu, Shinyanga and Mbulu respectively.
Table 4-1: Long-term average of rainfall in the Basin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Name
Duration (years)
Magugu
Mbulu Maji
Shinyanga
Bereko
Sekenke
Singida Maji
Kondoa
Nov 1923 -Oct 2010
Nov 1923 -Oct 2010
Nov 1941 -Oct 2010
Nov 1973 -Oct 2008
Nov 1936 -Oct 2010
Nov 1923 -Oct 2010
Nov 1959-Oct 2008
Missed
Data
2
0
13
4
23
2
0
Precipitation
(mm)
795.2
852.7
686.2
1052.8
659.4
728.1
1002
Mean Long Term
Precipitation (mm)
659.9
904.5
946.4
844.4
443.6
646.6
695.1
%
LTA
120
94
72
123
148
112
144.2
Remarks
Wet
Normal
Dry
Wet
Wet
Wet
Wet
Likewise, the onset and recession of the rain season was normal in November and in the end of
May respectively. The low peak in December and the high peak in March-April were also in a
normal trend (Figure 4-1).
LMNP
Shinyanga
Magugu
Mbulu
Bereko
Ibadakuli
Rainfall (mm/month)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Months
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Figure 4-1: Monthly rainfall in some stations
The intensity of rainfall in a monthly basis varied across the Basin. The maximum amount fell in
December and April (Table 4-2). On the other hand, the minimum rainfall was less than 10 mm
per day at all stations. The intensity had no significant impacts on infrastructures.
Table 4-2: Maximum rainfall amounts
Nov Dec Jan
Feb Mar
Apr
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
Shinyanga 21.3 35.3 26.2 18.6
34.4 33.9 15.4
0
0
0 25.5 13.7
Magugu
26.5 18.3 37.6 47.2
52.6 56.2 31.3
0
0
0
1
0
Mbulu
43.4 68.5 32.2 33.4
24.6 48.8 17.5
0
0
0
0
0
Bereko
36.1 81.7 24.0 23.2
50.7 115.8 16.8
0
0
0
0
0
Ibadukuli 36.4 76.3 24.9 29.8
61.5 35.4
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
8
Since discharge measurements were not conducted, indication by water levels in the rivers and
lakes showed a trend that corresponded to the rainfall patterns. The peaks in the rivers were
observed in December and April. The peaks indicated a lag response to rainfall. However, the
maximum water level was less than 3 metres. During the dry season the levels in seasonal rivers
were almost zero (Figures 4-2 and 4-3 and Appendix 6-10). These water level fluctuations in
rivers mimicked the normal conditions of average years. Basing on the flash nature of rivers in
IDB, the residence time of the maximum water levels might be a single day.
Min
3.0
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Water Level (M)
Water Level (M)
Max
Month
Water Level (M)
Figure 4-2: Water level recorded in Nhumbu River at Shinyanga Road Bridge
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Max
Min
Month
Figure 4-3: Water level recorded in Dudumera River at Kiru Six Road Bridge
Although the normal discharge measurements were not conducted, the project-based
measurements in Lake Manyara Sub Basin indicated the normal low flow of the rivers. The
measurements were conducted during dry season in the main perennial rivers of Dudumera/Err,
Hainu, Magara and Nambis and several abstraction points. The findings indicated usual low
flows (Appendix 6.9). However, due to the long gap between these and the previous
measurements (more than 20 years), the difference between high and low flow seasons and
changes of water uses, their comparison seems insignificant.
4.2 GROUNDWATER OCCURRENCE
Fluctuation of groundwater (measured from the surface downward) was observed to correspond
to rainfall patterns. The water table during this hydrological year ranged from 25 metres deep in
November-October to 5 metres in March-April. This was a result of rainfall and groundwater
recharge. The fluctuation appeared to stabilize during the dry season (Figure 4-4). The situation
suggests that groundwater system was in a good situation as compared to the end of 2011/2012
9
Water Level
Rain
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Rainfall (mm)
Below Surface Water Level M)
hydrological year. Since, groundwater is very dependable resource in IDB and due to different
aquifers of such as large Basin; the two nearby monitoring stations are inadequate to provide the
groundwater situation in the entire Basin.
Time (Months)
Figure 4-4: Groundwater trend recorded at Singida Maji Yard
4.3 WATER QUALITY
The water quality analysis and results indicated high salinity in Lake Singidani (EC
23280µS/cm) and Lake Kindai (EC21370µS/cm (Appendix 6-11). This condition is normal as
both lakes are purely saline. Apart from these 2 lakes, the analysis indicated that almost all water
sources were within allowable standards (the maximum limit is 2000 µS/cm). Therefore, during
this reporting time, the water quality in the Basin was within allowable standard limits.
10
5.0 GENERAL REMARKS AND WAY FORWARD
5.1 CONCLUSION
This hydrological year was characterized by above average, average and below average rainfalls
in different parts of the Basin. For the entire Basin, the year was within average. Besides, the
year had some improvements in rehabilitation of some weather and hydrometric stations. None
the less, data collection and database updating were inadequately performed.
5.2 CHALLENGES
1) The cycle of operational hydrology is not fully complete. Hence the connection between
construction of stations, data collection, management, analysis and use was not fully
conducted due to less fund, inadequate plans and implementation.
2) The two functioning groundwater monitoring stations are probably located within the
same aquifer; as such they do no depict the full situation of groundwater system of the
Basin. Therefore, there is a need to rehabilitate and operate other monitoring stations
across the Basin.
3) Most of rainfall stations are not owned by the Basin hence low coordination and
collaboration with other organizations on data sharing hinders availability of
comprehensive database.
4) The Hydrometric, meteorological and groundwater networks is inadequate to provide the
comprehensive picture of the water system in the Basin.
5) Lack of fully and a regular discharge measurement is a hindrance for effective and
operational hydrology and water resources management.
6) Inadequate fund for operating and maintaining the monitoring stations, low investment in
hydrology and unavailability of well trained gauge readers hinders effective and good
quality data collection and database development and updates.
5.3 WAY FORWARD
As a follow up for some improvements made in this year, the need for effective and operational
hydrology is very significant for IDB's water resources management. An accomplishment of a
comprehensive hydrometric, meteorological, groundwater and water quality network is a matter
of agency. The cycle of establishment and operation of stations, data collection, data processing,
analysis and database management for decision making has to be accomplished.
An intact, operational and manageable rainfall and hydrometric stations (even the gauge level
only) need to be prioritized before embarking on many stations that are not fully operational
throughout the year. Likewise, discharge measurements that have stopped for more than two
decades need to be carried out and updating or establishing new rating curves has to be
implemented and maintained.
Data management has been a big challenge and a hindrance to effective hydrological activities
which therefore should be addressed. Also, since not all rainfall stations are owned by the Basin,
an initiative for collaboration with such organizations in order to share data is important.
11
6.0 APPENDICES
Appendix 6.1: List and status of rainfall stations
SN
Name
Number
1
Hainu at Quamquam
99.99908
2
Puma primary School
94.34019
3
Singida Maji Depot
4
Farkwa
5
Ning’wa Dam
93.30340
6
Mbulu Boma
93.35001
7
Kainam Primary School
93.35009
8
Karatu Agriculture Office
93.35007
9
Monduli District Office
93.36014
10
Lake Manyara National Park
93.35031
11
Ngorongoro Conservation Area
93.35033
12
Babati District Office Kilimo
93.35038
13
Kiomboi Boma
94.34017
14
Katesh Primary School
94.35008
15
Hyaidom Lutheran Church
94.35031
16
Kituli Primary School
93.33026
17
Kolandoto Hospital
93.33057
18
Igurubi Primary School
19
Yaeda Chini Primary school
93.35028
20
Nainokanoka Primary
93.35017
21
Ibadakuli Primary School
22
Mbulumbulu Primary School
93.35024
23
Endabash Primary School
93.35048
24
Bashay Primary School
93.35024
25
Loiborsot Dispensery
94.35036
26
Dongobesh Mission
93.36021
27
Gallopo Mission
94.36005
28
Tarangire Game Department
93.36000
29
Bugisi Mission
93.33006
30
Gula Mission
93.34333
31
Uchunga Primary School
93.33045
32
Mwamalasa Primary School
93.34008
33
Kanawa Primary School
93.3304
34
Isaka Primary School
93.32140
35
Kishapu Primary School
93.33024
36
Kiloleli Primary School
93.33055
37
Mwanyahina Dam
38
Ikungi Veterinary Centre
45.35005
39
Shelui Primary School
94.34039
40
Iambi Primary School
94.34018
41
Msingi Folk Development College 94.34034
42
Nduguti Primary School
94.34033
12
District
Mbulu
Singida
Singida
Chemba
Shinyanga
Mbulu
Karatu
Karatu
Monduli
Monduli
Ngorongoro
Babati
Iramba
Hanang
Mbulu
Shinyanga
Shinyanga
Nzega
Mbulu
Ngorongoro
Shinyanga
Karatu
Karatu
Mbulu
Simanjiro
Mbulu
Babati
Babati
Shinyanga
Maswa
Kishapu
Kishapu
Kishapu
Kahama
Kishapu
Meatu
Shinyanga
Iramba
Iramba
Iramba
Iramba
Iramba
Status
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
Misughaa Primary School
Makanda primary School
Chikuyu Primary School
Londoni Primary School
Kilimatinde Primary School
Heka Primary School
Minyughe Primary school
Mgori Primary School
Mtinko Primary School
Makuro primary School
Issuna Primary School
Sepuka Primary School
Ushora Prison
Ngimu Primary School
Mianji Mungaa
Mwau Primary School
Ihanja Tech School
Ilongero Primary School
Mang’onyi Primary School
Kisiluda Primary School
Mwaomba Village
Choma Chankola
Kilimi Dam
Bulenya Dam
Mwamapuli Dam
Uchama Dam
Nzega DWE’S Office
Igurubi Dam
Meta Primary School
Nzega ndogo Primary School
Bubu Primary School
Itobo Primary School
Makutopora Water Supply
Mbabala Primary School
Kigwe Primary School
Bihawana Mission
Chipanga Primary School
Kikilo primary School
Kolo Primary School
Bereko Primary School
Farkwa Primary School
Kurio mission
Pavanga Primary School
Thawi Village
Mihama Village
95.34015
95.34003
94.34035
94.34021
65.34008
94.34007
94.34037
94.34001
94.34032
95.34012
95.34013
94.34012
95.34002
94.3309
94.3309
95.35070
96.35200
93.33049
13
Singida
Manyoni
Manyoni
Manyoni
Manyoni
Manyoni
Singida
Singida
Singida
Singida
Singida
Singida
Iramba
Singida
Singida
Singida
Singida
Singida
Singida
Iramba
Tabora
Nzega
Nzega
Igunga
Igunga
Nzega
Nzega
Nzega
Nzega
Nzega
Nzega
Nzega
Kondoa
Dodoma
Dodoma
Dodoma
Dodoma
Kondoa
Kondoa
Kondoa
Kondoa
Kondoa
Kondoa
Kondoa
Shinyanga
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Mwadui Mine
Tingatinga Coffee
Msituni Coffee Estate
Kongoni Estate
St.Mathias Mission
Taresero Estate
Samuye Primary School
Engarenaibor Primary School
Iyumbu Water Supply
Mwangeza primary School
Ikolo Primary School
Masimba Primary School
Iambi Primary School
93.33012
93.35045
93.35018
93.35020
93.35012
93.36007
92.35001
92.36015
94.34018
Shinyanga
Karatu
Karatu
Karatu
Mbulu
Monduli
Ngorongoro
Longido
Singida
Iramba
Iramba
Iramba
Iramba
Appendix 6-2: List and status of weather stations
SN
Name
Location (district)
Number
1
Magugu
Babati
94.35055
2
Mbulu
Mbulu
2HR01
3
Manyoni
Manyoni
2RR12
4
Bahi
Bahi
2R/R6
5
Shinyanga
Shinyanga
93.33036
6
Kibaya
Kiteto
95.36000
7
Kinampanda Iramba
2R/R66
8
Kondoa
Kondoa
2R/R04
9
Bereko
Kondoa
10
Sekenke
Iramba
2K/R11
11
Gwandi
Chemba
NB: Evaporation pans have not been placed in all stations
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Status
Fully functioning
Fully functioning
Fully functioning
Fully functioning
Fully functioning
Fully functioning
Fully functioning
Fully functioning
Partially functioning
Fully functioning
Partially functioning
Appendix 6-3 List and status of hydrometric stations
SN
Number
River
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2C2A
2H2A
2H5A
2H14
2H15
2H22
2K3A
2K21
Ngarenanyuki
Simba
Dudumera
Makuyuni
Lake Babati
Nambis
Lake Basotu
Nhumbu
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
2K22
2K17
2K26
2K27
2K47
2R1A
2R28
Usia Dam
Tambarale
Usia
Tungu
Hainu
Bubu
Mkinki East
Location
District
Veterinary Dip
Mto wa Mbu
Kiru Road Bridge
Makuyuni D/S bridge
Babati
Kwermusl
Basotu
Shinyanga-Mwanza
Road Bridge
Usia
Kilabili
Usia
Lubaga
Quamquam
Farkwa Road Bridge
Mombose
14
Arumeru
Monduli
Babati
Monduli
Babati
Mbulu
Hanang
Shinyanga
Shinyanga
Nzega
Shinyanga
Kishapu
Mbulu
Chemba
Chemba
Catchment
Area
337
347
2275
-
Status
1400
Working
Working*
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
23
330
20
1170
64
977
190
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
2K32
2R23
2R25
2R27
2R29
2K6A
2H3A
Ndurumo
Mponde
Msemembo
Mkinki West
Bubu
Kironda
Mto wa Mbu
Iambi Leprosarium
U/S Mponde
Makuru
Ndoroboni
Thawi
Kirondatal
Mto wa Mbu
Mkalama
Manyoni
Manyoni
Chemba
Kondoa
Iramba
Monduli
2180
1922
1311
1110
246
-
23
2A4
Peninj
Oldonyosambu
Ngorongoro
922
24
2H23
Magara
Datlaa
Mbulu
25
2H24
Endabash
Endabash
Karatu
26
2R15A
Mkondoa
D/S Kondoa Irangi
Kondoa
246
27
2R26
Maduma
D/S Makuru
Manyoni
993
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
2H1A
2C5
2K4A
2K7
2K11
2K12
2K13
2K14
2K15
2K16
2K18
2K19
2K20
2K23
2K28
2K29
2K30
2K31
2K33
2K34
2K35
2K36
2K38
2K40
2K41
2K42
2K43
2K48
2R4
2R17
2R24
2R30
2R31
Kirurumo
Maiteri
Baray
Ndurumo
Manonga
Lake Eyasi
Lake Kitangiri
Mapiringa
Nhwala
Ndurumo
Manonga
Lakala
Mangu
Baray
Gaga
Nhala
Sola Dam
Tungu
Negezi
Mhala
Tungu
Tungu
Nyamuli
Semu
Mango
Manonga
Tungu
Duruha
Bubu
Maisi
Bubu
Kelema
Sola
Dodoma Dam
Mwamapuli
Dam
Mto wa Mbu
Namanga
Below Road Crossing
Ishenga
Iyokelo
Mang’ola
Kiteka
Masange
Loya
Mgimba
Kagera(Isaka)
Lakala
Badi-Shia
D/S Swamp
Mwanyila
Lubaga
Sola/Maswa Bridge
Idukilo
Negezi Bridge
Budekwa
Kabile
Sanjo
Bugarama
Isengwa
Sanjo
Ruyeye
Masanga
Mang'ola
Bahi
Kigwe
Kinyika
Dalai
Kinyika
Dodoma
Igunga
Monduli
Longido
Mbulu
Mkalama
Igunga
Karatu
Iramba
Uyui
Uyui
Iramba
Kahama
Shinyanga
Maswa
Mbulu
Maswa
Kishapu
Maswa
Kishapu
Kishapu
Maswa
Kishapu
Maswa
Maswa
Meatu
Kishapu
Igunga
Kishapu
Karatu
Bahi
Bahi
Bahi
Chemba
Kondoa
Dodoma
Igunga
742
744
8690
1857
4993
140
839
580
180
250
98
410
90
120
80
1370
110
1500
1010
8600
2500
21
13161
12700
670
930
-
* Stations without gauge readers
15
Working
Working
Working
Working
Working*
Working*
Working but need
relocation
Working but need
rehabilitation
Working but need
rehabilitation
Working but need
rehabilitation
Working but need
rehabilitation
Working but need
rehabilitation
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Not Working
Appendix 6-4: List and status of groundwater monitoring stations
SN
Name
Location
Coordinates
(District)
Latitude
Longitude
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Singida Maji
Sepuka
Lusilile
Kongogo
Bubutole
Loo
Nholi
Bermi/Seloto
Ikasi
Hirbadaw
Tlawi
Msingi
Nkongwa
Kininginila
Mapea
Masange
Makame
Ngofila
Mwasayi
Loliondo
Bassotu
Uwiro
Singida
Singida
Manyoni
Dodoma
Chemba
Kondoa
Dodoma
Babati
Manyoni
Hanang
Mbulu
Iramba
Uyui
Igunga
Babati
Kondoa
Kiteto
Kishapu
Maswa
Ngorongoro
Hanang
Arumeru
4.49110
4.74932
5.91837
5.65423
5.31306
4.88630
6.34712
4.24282
6.24609
4.35454
3.90797
4.33533
5.36013
4.03112
4.00821
4.60344
4.63158
3.93233
2.34950
2.05134
4.39915
3.14609
34.44320
34.53607
35.19819
35.62646
35.55380
35.87000
35.47181
35.48875
35.16049
34.90203
35.44907
34.54847
33.99646
33.91155
35.75789
35.80318
36.70853
33.78151
33.68677
35.61991
3506010
36.84932
Appendix 6-5: List and status of water quality monitoring stations
SN
Name
Location
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Mwanyahina dam
Uchama Dam
Bulenya Dam
Lake Babati
Kondoa Spring
Endoro Valley B/H
Himiti Spring
Dudumera
Endarer Spring
Working
Working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Not working
Coordinates
Lat/UTM
36644334
36519689
040 17’ 23”
040 13’ 8.41”
040 36’ 5.1”
030 18’ 0.6”
040 05’ 7.9”
-
Meatu
Nzega
Igunga
Babati
Kondoa
Karatu
Hanang
Babati
Mbulu
16
Status
Long/UTM
9614913
9536383
330 47’ 10”
350 44’ 5.4”
340 38’ 4.5”
350 39’ 5.7”
350 43’ 5.1”
-
Appendix 6-6: Rainfall data recorded at Shinyanga meteorological station
Date Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
1
0
0
20.7
1.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13.7
2
1
3.2
0
1.2
0
18.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
9
0
11.2
0
0.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
13.7
0
5.1
4.1
2.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0.3
0.1
1.6
0
0.6
0
15.4
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
1.7
0
4.6
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
9
0
0
34.4
10.7
0
0
0
0
0
2.9
8
2.1
1.7
6.8
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
1.4
0
0
1.9
5.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
9.2
0
10
19.5
33.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
35.3
0
0
19.5
10.7
0
0
0
0
0
1
12
6.5
0
0
18.6
0
9.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
9.4
0
13.3
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
0
0.7
0
0.9
4.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
0
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
1
6.4
0
0
0
0.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
6.5
0
0
0
5.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
0.5
1.4
0.1
0
4.4
0
0
0
0
0
0.4
0
20
0
14.6
26.2
0.2
10.4
3.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
21
0
0
0
0
6.4
0
0
0
0
0
0.2
0
22
1.6
7.2
0
0
0
20.9
0
0
0
0
0.2
0
23
0.7
20.1
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0.7
2.8
24
2.2
4.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
1.9
1.5
0.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27
0
0
12.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25.5
0
28
1.1
11.9
0.2
0
5.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
21.3
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
0
0.3
0.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.5
0
31
0
16
3.4
0
0
0
0
Total
63.9 144.9 103.7
50 134.4 119.4
20
0
0
0
29.5
20.4
Max
21.3
35.3
26.2
18.6
34.4
33.9
15.4
0
0
0
25.5
13.7
Min
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Magugu meteorological station in Babati
Date Nov
1
1
2 26.5
3
0
4 17.3
5
0
6
0
7
0
8
0
9
0
Dec
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.3
6.1
9.6
Jan Feb
Mar
Apr
May June July
Aug Sept Oct
13.1
16.7
0
56.2
15.6
0
0
0
0
0
21
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
37.6
0
0
6.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27.4
4.1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
22
13.8
31.3
0
0
0
0
0
14.1
0
52.6
1.5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16.5
3.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.8
10.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
Date Nov
10
0
11 13.3
12
4.5
13
0
14
0
15
0
16
0
17
0
18
0
19
0
20
0
21
3.5
22
6.3
23
0
24
1.4
25
1.7
26
0
27
0
28
4
29
0
30
0
31
Total 79.5
Max
26.5
Min
0
Dec
6.2
6.3
6.6
1.2
0
0
0
3.6
0
17.6
0
0
5.7
18.2
14
18.3
0
0
9.9
9.1
8.6
0
142.3
18.3
0
Jan Feb
Mar
Apr
May June July
Aug Sept Oct
0
0
5.2
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
32.2
30.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.5
0
23.8
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.1
6.6
37
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14.7
0
1.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
47.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.6
0
41.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.3
8.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.1
0
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.5
27.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
98 119.4 49.23
241.8
64
0
0
0
0
0
37.6
47.2
52.6
56.2
31.3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Mbulu meteorological station
Date
Nov
Dec Jan
Feb
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0
2.4
43.4
0
2
3.8
0
0
0
34.8
1.2
1.8
0
0
0
12.4
0
0.5
0
0
0
7.2
0
5.4
0
0
14.8
1.2
0
0
19.4
3.2
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
3.6
0
0.5
11.1
0
9.2
0
32.2
0
4.5
10.2
0
0
0
0
0
6.7
4.3
0
0
2.3
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
0
4
0
2
Mar
0
0
0
0
0
3
4.4
4
4.5
24.4
11.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
0
Apr
0
48.8
1.7
35
1.1
0
0
10.5
2.2
5.7
25.8
33.4
25.8
0
1.3
0
1.4
0
0
2.5
18
May Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
0
0
0
0
0
0
10.2
0
0
0
0
0
2.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.3
0
0
0
0
0
17.5
0
0
0
0
0
2.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Date
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Total
Max
Min
Nov
0
1.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
104.2
43.4
0
Dec Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
0
0
33.4
3.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
68.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
3.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12.4
2.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
15.3
2.5
24.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
56.2
0
4.8
8.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.4
0
18.6
0
0
0
0
217.3
83.5
74.4 116.5 209.3
47.5
0
0
0
0
0
68.5
32.2
33.4
24.6
48.8
17.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bereko meteorological station in Kondoa
Date Nov Dec
Jan
Feb
March Apr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
0
36.1
0
26.2
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.5
0.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18.4
0
0
0
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.1
0.7
81.7
0
1.7
10.1
4.2
0
0
3.1
26.7
0
0
0
28.6
6.7
24.5
0
20.4
0
0.5
30
2.6
20.4
0.4
0
0
24
0
18.8
3.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.8
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.4
6.5
0.5
14
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.5
23.2
0
15.9
21.9
1.7
0
0
2.3
2.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19.5
36.1
1.5
1.2
50.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.7
12.8
3.9
0
0
0
0
0
3.1
20
0
115.8
44.7
2.2
0
30.5
2
0
26.4
9.2
0
31.8
32.2
36.6
0
0.5
0
7.7
0
0.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sept
Oct
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.4
0
0
0
0
0
16.8
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
2.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
Total
Max
Min
84.6
36.1
0
1.4
248.4
81.7
0
0
87.3
24
0
87.6
23.2
0
10.7
160.2
50.7
0
340.2
115.8
0
0
44.5
16.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ibadakuli rainfall station in Shinyanga
Date Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
1
0
4.2
6.5
0
0
0
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
2
3.5
0
0
3.5
0
35.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
24.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
8.8
0
0
0
25.7
27.3
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
3.6
0
3.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
24.5
13.1
2.1
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
45.2
23.5
0
25.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
76.3
0
2.7
12.3
7.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
9.6
12
10.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
23.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
6
9
0
0
0
7.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
3.2
0
29.8
7.6
3.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
12.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
0
2.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
0
1.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
2.6
12.3
8.2
0
61.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
17.9
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21
0
0
0
0
6.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
0
21.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
0
4.5
0
0
2.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
2.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
0
3.2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
4.7
1.9
11.2
0
39.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
36.4
17.3
1.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
trace
0
5.5
0
0
0
0
Total
64.3 225.7
93.2
45.6 265.7
104
8.1
0
0
0
0
0
Max
36.4
76.3
24.9
29.8
61.5
35.4
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
Min
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
Appendix 6-7: Temperature data recorded at Shinyanga meteorological station
Date Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
1
24.5
27.0
25.0
24.0
26.0
22.0
24.3
24.5
22.0
23.5
27.5
2
21.0
21.8
25.5
21.5
26.3
20.8
23.0
21.5
22.0
22.5
27.0
3
22.0
26.0
25.0
25.5
27.5
24.0
23.5
22.5
23.0
24.0
25.5
4
24.0
24.5
25.5
25.5
26.0
25.0
29.5
22.0
24.5
24.0
24.8
5
24.5
27.5
24.0
25.5
27.0
24.0
24.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
27.0
6
25.5
27.0
26.0
27.5
27.5
24.3
24.3
22.0
22.0
22.0
26.0
7
26.5
25.5
24.5
26.5
25.3
25.0
23.0
21.5
22.3
22.0
26.0
8
26.5
23.5
24.5
27.0
23.5
26.5
21.3
21.5
21.5
24.0
26.0
9
21.5
26.0
24.5
27.0
23.8
25.0
23.5
21.5
21.5
24.0
24.5
10
26.8
26.0
23.5
26.0
24.5
21.5
24.5
22.5
20.8
24.3
25.5
11
27.0
22.0
27.5
27.5
21.5
24.0
24.5
22.0
22.0
24.3
26.0
12
24.5
21.8
25.0
26.5
24.5
24.5
24.0
22.0
22.0
24.5
26.0
13
25.5
25.5
25.0
24.5
25.0
24.5
24.0
22.0
22.0
24.5
26.3
14
27.5
25.0
26.0
24.8
24.3
24.0
23.8
22.0
22.0
25.0
26.0
15
27.5
26.0
25.5
24.5
24.3
24.5
23.5
24.3
20.5
25.5
25.5
16
23.0
26.0
25.5
24.5
25.3
24.5
24.0
24.0
27.5
26.0
21.5
17
26.0
25.5
25.0
24.5
25.0
27.5
22.0
24.5
21.5
26.0
28.0
18
26.5
23.5
27.0
26.5
26.0
27.5
24.3
22.0
23.3
27.5
28.0
19
27.5
25.3
26.0
26.0
26.5
24.5
24.0
22.0
24.0
24.5
24.5
20
28.0
24.0
25.8
25.5
22.3
24.5
22.0
22.0
22.3
25.3
27.5
21
28.0
26.0
25.5
28.5
24.0
29.5
23.8
22.5
27.5
24.3
27.0
22
27.0
24.0
24.5
25.0
24.0
24.0
24.5
22.7
22.0
24.0
27.0
23
25.5
29.5
25.5
24.5
24.3
25.5
24.5
22.0
22.0
25.0
24.5
24
26.0
23.8
27.0
26.5
24.5
24.5
24.3
21.5
22.0
22.0
26.5
25
27.0
23.0
27.0
26.5
25.0
24.0
25.0
21.5
22.0
24.5
27.0
26
27.0
25.0
28.0
26.3
25.5
27.8
24.5
22.0
22.0
24.5
25.5
27
27.5
25.5
27.0
26.0
25.5
24.3
25.0
25.5
22.0
22.5
25.5
28
27.0
25.5
26.0
26.3
24.5
25.0
24.0
24.5
24.5
24.0
27.5
29
26.0
23.0
26.0
24.8
23.3
24.3
24.0
24.8
24.5
28.0
30
25.0
23.5
22.5
25.0
24.0
25.0
24.0
24.5
25.0
28.0
31
21.0
24.0
25.5
24.5
24.0
25.5
Mean
25.7
24.8
25.5
25.7
25.0
24.7
24.1
22.6
22.8
24.2
26.2
Max
28.0
29.5
28.0
28.5
27.5
29.5
29.5
25.5
27.5
27.5
28.0
Min
21.0
21.0
22.5
21.5
21.5
20.8
21.3
21.5
20.5
22.0
21.5
Oct
24.3
25.0
26.5
27.0
26.5
25.5
25.8
26.0
27.5
26.5
26.5
27.5
27.0
26.3
26.0
25.5
25.5
26.5
26.0
26.0
27.5
28.0
26.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
25.8
27.5
27.5
27.0
27.5
26.5
28.0
24.3
Appendix 6-8: Evaporation data recorded at Shinyanga meteorological station
Date Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
1
3.5
7
6.7
3.7
6.5
3
5
7
6
7.5
10.5
7.2
2
3
6.2
4.5
1.2
8
0.5
5.5
7
6.5
7.5
9.5
5.5
3
2.2
7
4.2
4.5
7
5
5.5
6
6.5
8
10
7.5
4
4.2
5
4.1
1.5
0.3
3
8.9
6.5
7.5
8
9.5
5.5
5
5.8
7
5.6
8
5.4
6.8
6
6.5
6.5
7
11
8
6
5.5
7.5
4
4
7.8
4
4.6
7.5
7
8
10.5
10
7
5
13
4.5
6.5
8.7
3.9
4.5
8
7.5
6.5
11
9.5
8
7.1
3.2
3.3
8
3
2
3
6.5
7.5
8
10
8.5
21
Date Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
9
7
4.9
4
6.5
1.4
1.5
4
5
6
9.5
10
10.5
10
6
6.7
4.5
6.5
7.4
11.9
5
8
6.5
8.5
11.5
8.5
11
6.5
12.8
4.5
6.5
7.5
5.7
5
7
6.5
8.5
9
5.5
12
3.6
1.5
6
7.6
6.5
3.6
6
8
6.5
8.5
12
9.5
13
8.5
2.5
6.5
5.8
5
4.5
7
6
8
8.5
12
10
14
8
4.5
7
4.4
5.8
2.5
7
6
7
7
11.5
9.5
15
6.5
6.5
6.5
4
5.5
6
6.5
6
6.5
6
10.5
10
16
7
7.5
5.5
4.5
5.7
3.5
6
5.5
6
8
8.5
12.5
17
5.5
5.4
4.5
5
6.5
2.1
6.5
6
6
7.5
8.5
10
18
6.5
5.5
7.5
4.5
6.5
4.3
7.5
6
5.5
7
9
11
19
6.2
4.9
7
6.5
3.4
4.5
6.5
8
6
8
5.9
10
20
7.5
6.6
6.7
6.2
2.9
4.7
6.5
8
6
8.3
9
9.5
21
7
5
4.5
4
3.4
5.5
5.5
6.5
6
8.5
4.5
10
22
5.6
6.2
4.5
5.5
4
6.4
6
8
8
10
8
9.5
23
6.5
6.4
4
4.5
4.5
5
6.5
7
7
7.5
5.2
8.8
24
3.5
3.3
6
7.5
6.5
6
6
8.5
7
11.5
10
8.5
25
4
2.5
4
7.5
7
5.5
7
6.5
7.5
10.5
8.5
12.5
26
7
4
3.5
9
6.5
4
6
6.5
6.5
8.5
8.5
9.5
27
7.5
5
6.4
8
6.5
4.5
6
6
6
10
9.5
10.5
28
5.5
4.4
4
8.5
4.6
5
7
6.5
6
10
4.5
9
29
7.3
3
4
4.5
5
6.5
6.5
8
10
8.5
10
30
5
3
3
5.5
5
6
7.5
8
11
7.2
7.5
31
2
3.1
4.4
5.5
8
8
8.5
Total
174
170 154.1 159.9 168.2 134.9 184.5
204 209.5 261.3 273.8 282.5
Max
8.5
13
7.5
9
8.7
11.9
8.9
8.5
8
11.5
12
12.5
Min
2.2
1.5
3
1.2
0.3
0.5
3
5
5.5
6
4.5
5.5
Appendix 6-9 Flow data recorded in Lake Manyara Sub-basin – Spot measurements
S/n
1
2
3
4
5
Date
10/8/2013
10/8/2013
10/8/2013
5/8/2013
5/8/2013
River
Dagaa
Dagaa
Dagaa
Dudumera
Dudumera
Abstraction Point
Moya village canal
Rift wall estate ltd
Dagaa
Dudumera river
Dudumera farrow estate
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
5/8/2013
7/8/2013
8/8/2013
9/8/2013
10/8/2013
6/8/2013
6/8/2013
6/8/2013
7/8/2013
7/8/2013
7/8/2013
Dudumera
Dudumera
Dudumera
Dudumera
Dudumera
Endanahai
Endanahai
Endanahai
Err
Err
Err
Mawe mariro (matufa )
Dudumera
Dudumera
Dudumera
Dudumera
Miombo & hamiri estate abstraction point
Endanahai
Endanahai estate furrow
Eri river (iron brige)
Kiru six vallage furrow
Endanahai and kaveli plantation
Location
Moya village
Moya village
Moya village
Kiru road brige
Kiru valley
Mawemairo-matufa
irrigation canal
Kiru road brige
Kiru road brige
Kiru road brige
Kiru road brige
Kirundogo village
Kiru ndogo vallage
Kiru six
Kiru six
Kiru six
Kiru six
16
17
18
7/8/2013
12/8/2013
7/8/2013
Err
Hainu
Khorikhori
Erri River
Hainu
Khorikhori
Erri kati
Quamquam
Erri
22
Flow m3/s
0.028
0.150
0.110
0.818
0.248
0.158
0.524
0.400
0.510
0.461
0.021
0.164
0.054
0.445
0.210
0.093
0.635
0.293
0.086
19
20
21
22
23
24
9/8/2013
10/8/2013
12/8/2013
8/8/2013
12/8/2013
6/8/2013
Kiongozi
Magara
Magara
Kowu
Nambis
Ndetoe
Krishina Seed Company Furrow
Magara
Magara
Kowu/Nambis
Nambis
Goroa And Suba Estate Canal
Mawemairo
Magara
Datlaa
Farm service
Haylot
Kirundogo
Appendix 6-10: Water Levels in Dudumera and Nhumbu Rivers
Month
Dudumera
Max
Min
Average
Max
Nov-12
0.67
0.45
0.52
0.40
Dec-12
1.34
0.42
0.58
1.34
Jan-13
2.06
0.45
0.57
1.27
Feb-13
0.89
0.10
0.49
0.38
Mar-13
1.10
0.47
0.58
0.70
Apr-13
1.78
0.52
0.74
2.68
May-13
0.79
0.57
0.63
0.35
Jun-13
0.58
0.56
0.57
0.31
Jul-13
0.57
0.56
0.56
0.31
Aug-13
0.56
0.53
0.55
0.31
Sep-13
0.54
0.53
0.54
0.38
Oct-13
0.57
0.53
0.54
0.31
0.068
0.617
0.309
0.581
0.161
0.029
Nhumbu
Min
0.24
0.28
0.24
0.28
0.31
0.34
0.31
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.24
0.28
Average
0.32
0.81
0.76
0.33
0.51
1.51
0.33
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.30
Temperature In0C
PH
EC(µS/cm)
Turbidity(FTU)
Fluoride(mg/l)
Sulphate(mg/l)
Nitrate(mg/l)
Chloride(mg/l)
Total Alkalinity(mg/l)
Total Hardness(mg/l)
1386
0.00
2.3
234
0.04
500
185
475
Spring
21
7.3
1227
0.00
0.7
155
0.03
500
276
364
Stream
22
7.5
244
0.00
1.9
7.00
0.03
44
105
76
Lake
Babati
Spring
22
7.5
674
54
1.3
12
0.04
83
250
153
22
7.3
181.2
0.00
0.2
5
0.18
7
112
6.8
BH(0)
22.5
7.5 227.4
0.00
July
2013
Shinyanga
Meatu
Mwanyahina July
Dam
23
8.3 506
145
2013
Tabora
Nzega
Resolute
July
Dug
23.5
7.3 3.37
178
Gold Mining 2013
hole
Tabora
Nzega
Bundomo
July
BH(0)
25
7.5 1892
0.00
2013
Tabora
Nzega
Undomo
July
Kilimi
24.5
7.5 245.8
573
2013
Dam
Tabora
Igunga
Bulenya
July
Dam
14.2
7.9 231
138
2013
NOTE: TC-Total Coliform, FC-Faecal Coliform, BH (0)-Old Borehole, BH (N)-New Borehole
0.2
3
0.14
0
102
8.6
1.4
232
0.02
10
190
9.5
0.9
235
0.15
18
154
269
1.4
236
0.01
0.00
155
103
0.0
34
0.05
158
88.5
103
0.4
20
0.00
56
89.8
113
Singida
Mang’onyi
Dodoma
Singida
Rural
Kondoa
Manyara
Babati
Manyara
Babati
Manyara
Mbulu
Arusha
Karatu
Kondoa
Urban
Mrara
Royal Beach
Hotel
Enderer
Date of sampling
7.4
Village
21
District
BH(0)
Region
Source
Appendix 6-11: Water quality data
July
2013
July
2013
July
2013
July
2013
July
2013
Endoro
Valley
23