Supporting Information for
Magnetic BaFe12O19 nanofiber filter for effective separation of
Fe3O4 nanoparticles and removal of arsenic
Jeehye Byun1, Hasmukh A. Patel1, Cafer T. Yavuz1,*
1
Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701,
Republic of Korea.
E-mail: yavuz@kaist.ac.kr (*Cafer T. Yavuz)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. Supplementary Figures (S1-S5)
S2
B. Supplementary Tables (S1-S4)
S7
C. Supplemenraty Notes
S11
S1
A. Supplementary Figures
Figure S1. (a) TEM images of laboratory prepared magnetite nanoparticles (MagL, 12 nm)
and (b) commercially available magnetite nanoparticles (MagC, 50-100 nm).
S2
Figure S2. Experimental set-up for magnetic separation of nanoparticles. A polyethylene
column was packed with BHF nanofibers sandwiched between glass wools. All the column
contained 10 mg of the nanofibers and enough glass wool with a packing densith of about
0.021 g/cm3.
S3
Figure S3. BHF fibers produced without surfactant, Triton X-100®. The average thickness of
the fibers is 163.3 ± 23.6 nm, 1.5 times larger than synthesis with a surfactant.
S4
As removal efficiency (%)
6
80
4
60
40
2
20
0
Fe3O4 residual concentration (ppm)
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
Cumulative amount of feed solution (mL)
Figure S4. As removal and magnetite separation with high loading of MagL nanoparticles. A
highly concentrated MagL solution, 700 mg with 100 mL aqueous solution, was filtered
through the cartridge.
S5
Figure S5. Arsenic removal efficiency and adsorption capacity treated with TiO2 nanoparticles
and filtered by BHF nanofiber column. Inset shows photograph of filtrate from 0.15 mg L-1 As
solution.
S6
B. Supplementary Tables
Table S1. The reported magnetic property of BaFe12O19 in various forms.
Ms
[emu/g]
Hc
[Oe]
Reference
72
6700
1
75
6660.176
2a
Electrospun nanofibers, 800℃
71.96
2568
This work
Single-particle-chain nanofibers, 850℃
71.5
5943
3
Particles produced by microemulsion, 950℃
69
5660
4
Particles
produced
by
hydrothermal
synthesis, post-calcined at 800℃
67.3
4511
5
Oxalate precursor route, 1100℃
66.36
6400
6
Sol-gel derived fibers, 1000℃
63.8
5378.407
7
63.4
6000
8
Particles
produced
by
hydrothermal
synthesis, post-calcined at 1000℃
61.8
2300
9
Particles from salt melt synthesis, 700℃
61.5
4700
10
Particles produced by microemulsion, 950℃
61.2
5397
11
Monodispersed nanoparticle produced by
ceramic method, 675℃
60
4500
12
Particles produced by low temperature
combustion, 850℃
59.36
5540
13
Nanowire arrays in anodic aluminum oxide
templates
58.26
2371
14
Milled and resintered powder, 1000℃,
55
6496.814
15
Hollow microspheres produced by spray
pyrolysis, 1200℃
55
3000
16
51.56
2952
17
50
3003.363
18
46
4000
19
39.4
1344.602
20
17.8
4106.9
21
Synthetic conditions
The reported theoretical values of pure and
single domain barium hexaferrite
Milled powder using goethite from steel
waste liquors, 1100℃
Particles
produced
coprecipitation, 900℃
by
chemical
Electrospun hollow nanofibers
Particles produced by carbon combustion,
1100℃
Particles from citrate precursor, 650℃
Particles
produced
synthesis, 250℃
by
hydrothermal
Electrospun glass ceramic fibers, 750℃
aNote:
The saturation magnetization of the material from reference #2 is higher than this work, however,
it exceeds theoretical value, indicating that it may contain alloy substances.
S7
Table S2. Magnetic separation of nanoparticles filtered via BHF nanofiber column. The
concentration of Fe3O4 was calculated by the concentration of iron detected in the filtrate. The
extremely low concentration of Fe3O4 indicates neither magnetite nanoparticles nor BHF
nanofibers did leach out to the filtrate.
Amount of Cumulative
injected
amount of
solution
solution
Fe3O4 concentration
[ppm]
ml
ml
MagL
MagC
2
8
10
10
10
10
20
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
2
10
20
30
40
50
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
190
210
230
250
270
290
310
0.01844
0.000923
0.00039
0.02396
0.09802
0.17132
0.00616
0.02471
0.01252
0.00699
0.00536
0.00217
0.00315
0.00252
0.00287
0.000627
0.000715
0.00287
0.000501
1.46E-06
0.000245
0.000793
1.47E-06
1.46E-06
2.17E-04
4.76E-05
3.19E-04
7.28E-05
8.52E-05
1.21E-04
3.48E-04
1.30E-04
1.35E-04
5.94E-05
1.00E-04
1.11E-04
8.23E-05
9.13E-05
3.89E-04
7.87E-05
1.89E-04
1.16E-04
6.33E-05
5.92E-05
6.45E-05
7.98E-05
9.86E-05
1.47E-04
Amount of Fe3O4
in each filtrate
MagL [mg] MagC [ug]
3.69E-05
7.38E-06
3.9E-06
0.00024
0.00098
0.001713
0.000123
0.000247
0.000125
6.99E-05
5.36E-05
2.17E-05
3.15E-05
2.52E-05
2.87E-05
6.27E-06
7.15E-06
5.74E-05
1E-05
2.93E-08
4.9E-06
1.59E-05
2.94E-08
2.91E-08
S8
0.000434
0.000381
0.003188
0.000728
0.000852
0.001211
0.006967
0.001296
0.001351
0.000594
0.001004
0.001113
0.000823
0.000913
0.003888
0.000787
0.001887
0.002318
0.001267
0.001185
0.001291
0.001596
0.001973
0.002932
Removal efficiency
of Fe3O4 [%]
MagL
MagC
99.99737
99.99987
99.99994
99.99658
99.986
99.97553
99.99912
99.99647
99.99821
99.999
99.99923
99.99969
99.99955
99.99964
99.99959
99.99991
99.9999
99.99959
99.99993
100
99.99996
99.99989
100
100
99.99998
100
99.99997
99.99999
99.99999
99.99999
99.99997
99.99999
99.99999
99.99999
99.99999
99.99999
99.99999
99.99999
99.99996
99.99999
99.99998
99.99999
99.99999
99.99999
99.99999
99.99999
99.99999
99.99999
Table S3. Regeneration test of the BHF cartridge adsorbed with MagL. The cartridge washing
was conducted in different pH conditions. After the first feed with 30 mL of As-bound MagL
solution passing through, the column was washed with the washing agent, and further fed with
30 mL of the second feed solution to check the effect of washing.
st
In washing solution
1 Feed (30 mL)
RE
[%]
Acidic
solution
Alkaline
solution
[μg in 30 mL]
[μg in 10 mL]
nd
2 Feed (30 mL), after washing
RE
[μg in 30 mL]
[%]
As
As
Fe3O4
Ba
As
Fe3O4
Ba
As
As
Fe3O4
Ba
97.173
0.1272
0.018
0.137
0.345
3.917
1.738
98.429
0.070714
0.719
2.221
97.258
0.1234
0.024
0.100
0.536
1.611
0.013
96.106
0.175211
0.313
0.046
Note
*RE = Removal efficiency
*Initial As concentraion = 150 μg/L: 4.5 μg of arsenic exist in 30 mL
*Magnetite nanoparticle dosage = 21 mg MagL in 30 mL of arsenic solution
*Recovered As in washing solution [%] = 7.889468 (in acidic condition), 12.24704 (in alkaline
condition)
*Recovered MagL in washing solution [%] = 0.018654 (in acidic condition), 0.007672 (in alkaline
condition)
S9
Table S4. Material cost analysis.
Reagents
Cost
Remarks
Ferric nitrate nonahydrate
$32/100g
Sigma-Aldrich(US)
Barium nitrate
$27.71/500g
JUNSEI(JP)
Poly(vinyl alcohol)
$80.4/500g
Sigma-Aldrich(US)
Triton X-100
$7.42/500g
SAMCHUN(KR)
BHF fiber
$0.4613/g
This work
NIB Disc, 12.5 mm x 2.5 mm
$2.794/g
Edmund Scientifics (USA)
S10
C. Supplementary Notes
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2.
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3.
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4.
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S11