CARDIOTHORACIC PERIPHERAL VASCULAR AST COMPETENCY REVIEW
THE ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY:
1. Which organ is responsible for the synthesis of many of the coagulation factors?
Liver
Spleen
Thymus
Pancreas
2. The atrioventricular (A V) valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the:
Bicuspid
Tricuspid
Pulmonary semilunar
Aortic semilunar
3. The inner layer of an artery is known as the:
Adventitia
Media
Intima
Lamina
4. Which of the following vessels arises from the right ventricle?
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Hepatic artery
5. Which of the following vessels do not empty into the right atrium?
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary veins
Coronary sinus
Fossa ovalis
6. The large artery found behind the knee is the:
Femoral
Popliteal
Celiac
Posterior tibial
7. The large artery that arises from the left side of the aortic arch and descends into the arm is the:
Subclavian
Carotid
Brachiocephalic
Vertebral
8. The essential component of hemoglobin is:
Oxygen
Iron
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
9. A pH level refers to:
Phosphorus vs. hydrogen levels Acidity vs. alkalinity levels
A and B
None of the above
10. The basic living, structural, and functional unit of the body is known as the:
Organ
Tissue
Organism
Cell
11. What is the function of phagocytic white blood cells?
Capture food particles
Promote ribosome function
engulf and destroy bacteria
encourage cell rejuvenation
12. The conducting fibers that run from the A V node down the interventricular septum are referred to as
Purkinje fibers
Bundle of His
SA node
Left Bundle branch
13. The left coronary artery divides into the:
Posterior interventricular and marginal
Middle and great cardiac
Anterior descending and circumflex
Middle and marginal
14. Which of the following structures are found in the ventricles of the heart?
Pectinate muscles
Papillary muscles
Ligamentum anteriorum
Fossa ovalis
15. The function of hemoglobin is to:
Carry oxygen
Fight infection
Initiate clotting
Regulate temperature
16. The large vein that drains the head is the:
Saphenous
Jugular
Brachial
Carotid
17. Which of the following arteries does not arise directly from the aorta?
Celiac
Mesenteric
Common carotid
Vertebral
18. The vessel that delivers blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver is the:
Hepatic artery
Basilic vein
Hepatic portal vein
Cystic vein
19. The only artery in the body that carries unoxygenated blood is the _____________________
Superior vena cava Coronary artery Pulmonary artery Thoracic aorta
20. The pacemaker of the heart is the _____________________
SA node
AV node
Purkinje fibers Bundle of His
21. Which arteries are formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta? _________________________
Renal Jugular Iliac Femoral
22. The process by which blood cells are formed is known as ______________________________
Erythropoiesis Hemopoiesis Diapedesis Leukocytosis
23. Which vessel arises from the left ventricle? _______________________________________
Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Superior vena cava
24. The small intestine is drained by which vessel? ____________________________________
Aorta
Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein Gastric vein
25. What valve is located between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart? __________________
Mitral Aortic Pulmonary Tricuspid
26. Which of the following structures would not be found in a blood vessel? ________________________
Tunica adventitia
tunica intima Tunica vaginalis Tunica media
27. Albumin, globulin and fibrinogen are all ________________________________
Plasma proteins
Coagulation factors Formed elements of blood
Hematopoietic growth factors
THE LUNGS:
28. The lungs are covered in a serous membranous sac called the
Bronchial pleura
Pulmonary pleura
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
29. The larynx is located between the:
Pharynx and trachea Nasal cavity and pharynx
Nasal and oral cavities
Trachea and bronchi
30. The function of the trachea is to:
Conduct air to and from the lungs
Conduct air into the larynx
Serve as a resonating chamber for speech
Move the vocal cords
31. The space between the vocal cords is called the:
Epiglottis
Glottis
Vocal fold
32. Blood gas analysis is called
BGA
SAT rate
ABG
Cricoid cartilage
ABO
33. The structure that is located anterior to the esophagus and extends from the larynx to the fifth
thoracic vertebrae is the: ________________________
Trachea
Epiglottis
Pharynx
Larynx
34. Which membrane lines the thoracic cavity? _________________
Pleura
Pericardium
Peritoneum
Periosteum
35. The region between the lungs is the ______________________
Diaphragm Mediastinum Pleural Cavity Retroperitoneal space
THE PROCEDURES:
1. A procedure performed in patients with empyema is called:
Thoracoplasty
sympathectomy
Pulmonary decortication
Pericardial window
2. Which instrument is a rib contractor?
Finochietto
Bailey
Doyen
Maston
3. The procedure most commonly performed for the excision of small, peripherally located lesions of the
lung is:
Segmental resection
Lung biopsy
Wedge resection
Lobe resection
4. During a bronchoscopy, which solution is preferred for bronchial washing specimens?
Ringer’s lactate
sterile saline sterile water
Dextran
5. Removal of air and/or blood from the pleural cavity by means of an aspiration needle is called:
Pneumothorax
Paracentesis Thoracentesis
Hemothorax
6. A bronchoscopy procedure allows visualization of the:
Pericardium
Pleura
Diaphragm
Bronchi
7. Which procedure is removal of an entire lung?
Segmentectomy
Lobectomy
Pneumonectomy
Wedge
8. The pathology in which the subclavian artery is compressed resulting in severe ischemia of the arm is a
type of:
Thoracic aortic aneurysm Pectus carination
Sternal fissure Thoracic outlet syndrome
9. What size trocar is commonly used during a thoracoscopy?
8mm
10mm
12mm
14mm
10. Which node is an important site for metastasis from the lungs is a frequent site for biopsy?
Scalene
Axillary
Cervical
Iliac
11. The majority of abdominal aortic aneurysms begin:
Below the iliac arteries below the renal arteries above the renal arteries above the iliac arteries
12. Arteriovenous (AV) fistula is preferred over an external shunt for long-term dialysis because of a
decreased chance of:
Thrombosis
aneurysm
plaque formation
air spaces
13. Fatty deposits on the walls of arteries are called:
Lipodeposits
Arterial induction
Atherosclerosis
Vasodilation
14. The rupturing of erythrocytes is called:
Hemoptysis
Degeneration
Hemolysis
Fulguration
15. The self-retaining retractor used during femoral-popliteal bypass is:
Meyerding
DeBakey
Weitlaner
Alm
16. A diagnostic test that examines blood flow and metabolic functions of the heart and brain is:
Position emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging computerized axial tomography
Total body scanning
17. What procedure is performed for chronic cerebral ischemia?
Carotid embolectomy
Carotid endarterectomy
Arteriovenuous shunt
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
18. The movement of blood through a vessel can be assessed by:
Arteriogram
Cardiac catherization
Doppler device
Angiogram
19. The agent used to flush an artery is to prevent clotting is:
Protamine sulfate
Thrombin
Heparin
Ringer’s Lactate
20. A vascular clamp used for occluding peripheral vessels is:
Bulldog
Potts
Tonsil
Satinsky
21. The instrument commonly used to clamp the aorta during an abdominal aneurysmectomy is a/an:
Satinsky
DeBakey
Glover
Cooley
22. The instrument commonly used to remove plaque form the carotid duringa an endarterectomy is
a/an:
Pituitary rongeur
Allis forceps
Freer elevator
Curette
23. Which synthetic material used for grafts requires preclotting?
Dacron® woven polyester
Dacron® knit polyester
Polytetrafluroethylene
Vicryl® mesh
24. The commonly used size of suture fro peripheral vascular anastomosis of the popliteal artery is:
1-0
3-0
5-0
7-0
25. The scissors commonly used to extend the arteriotomy during an endartectomy is a/an:
Potts-Smith
Metzenbaum
Iris
Mayo
26. Clinical Case Study:
A patient is undergoing a femoropopliteal bypass. The proximal portion of the saphenous vein has
been dissected free and cut free from the saphenofemoral junction. The surgeon is now ready to
anastomose the proximal end of the saphenous vein to the femoral artery.
What is the first step involving the femoral artery?
Femoral artery is harvested
Femoral artery is isolated with vessel loops
Heparin solution is injected into the femoral artery
Valulotomes is introduced into the femoral artery
What is the second step in preparation for the anastomosis?
End-to-side anastomosis completed
Distal end of femoral artery is ligate
Femoral artery clamped with two DeBakey angled vascular clamps
Graft placed between saphenous vein and femoral artery
What two instruments should the surgical technologist have available for the femoral arteriotomy?
# 11 knife blade; Potts-Smith scissors
Metzenbaum scissors; mixter right angle clamp
#10 blade valvulotome
Iris scissor; grooved director and dilator
What size and type of suture should the surgical technologist have available for the saphenous vein to
femoral artery anastomosis?
5-0 chromic gut
8-0 polylycolic acid (Dexon®)
7-0 polydioxanone (PDS®)
6-0 polypropylene (Prolene®)