Name: ____ANSWER KEY_____
TEST Mon
Diseases Unit Review Guide
1. There are 5 major types of asexual reproduction. Name all 5 and give an example of each.
Binary Fission - example:
bacteria
B udding
- example: yeast
C utting
- example: spider plant
R unners
- example: strawberries
R egeneration
- example:
starfish
Comparison of Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction
2.
Number of
Parents
(cells)
Asexual
What type of
organisms
# of Chromosomes
parents-vs-offspring
Variety of
DNA (more
of less)
Examples
unicellular
same
less
bacteria
multicellular
half
more
human
1
Sexual
2
3. Compare the process of Mitosis and Meiosis. Use your meiosis notes to help you.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Circle the type of reproduction:
asexual or sexual
Circle the type of reproduction:
asexual or sexual
What type of cells are produced:
Non-sex cells
What type of cells are produced:
Sex cells
How many cells are produced: 1
How many cells are produced: 4
How does the DNA compare to the
original parent cell?
identical
How does the DNA compare to the
original parent cell?
mixed
4. Show what you know about Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
a) looks like a spiral staircase/twisted ladder that is called a double helix
b) DNA is found in the n ucleus of a cell.
c) The nitrogen bases “A” and “ T_” pair together. “C” and “_G_” pair together.
genotype
phenotype
homozygous
alleles
WORD BANK for Questions 5-15
dominant
heterozygous
gene
genetics
heredity
recessive
sperm
egg
5. The passing of inherited traits from parents to offspring is called _heredity_.
6. The scientific study of heredity is called __genetics__.
7. In sexual reproduction, each offspring receives one
gene from each parent (or half its
DNA from each parent).
8. The different forms of a gene are called ___alleles___.
9. BB or bb is an example of ___homozygous__ because the alleles are the same.
10. Bb is an example of __heterozygous__ because the alleles are different.
11. A __dominant_ allele is one whose traits ALWAYS shows up.
12. A ___recessive_ allele is one that is covered up or “hidden”
13. The __phenotype__ is the actual trait the offspring gets.
Ex – tall, short
14. The __genotype___ is the different gene combinations (2 letters). Ex - BB, Bb, bb.
15. _Egg__ and __sperm__ are the two specialized cells that form a fertilized egg.
16. Selective breeding is the process of choosing which two animals (or plants) to breed, depending on
what characteristics you want the offspring to have. For example, if you wanted to breed bigger
pigs to provide more meat, you would mate the biggest boar with the biggest sow, producing big
piglets. You would then mate the two largest offspring which over time would result in larger pigs.
The goal of selective breeding is to produce offspring that have a desirable characteristic.
Identify the example of selective breeding:
a. breeding frogs with two heads
b. producing corn crops which are resistant to cold weather and insects
c. running a test to determine the source of some DNA
d. transferring a glow in the dark gene from a jellyfish into a goldfish
Punnett Square Practice
17. A homozygous black guinea pig (BB) crosses with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb).
Complete the Punnett Square and write the genotype and phenotype percentages. Black
fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b).
B
B
genotype: 100% Bb
phenotype: All would be black.
b
Bb
b
Bb
Bb
Bb
18. Oompa Loompas usually have orange faces which are determined by a dominant gene (F).
The recessive condition results in a blue face (f). Olivia Oompa Loompa has a blue face
and Octavius Oompa Loompa has an orange face. The Punnett square below shows the
genetic cross between Olivia and Ocatvius’ mother and father.
How many alleles did Olivia get from each parent? 1
What is Olivia’s gene combination? 2 alleles?
Ff or FF
What are the alleles for Olivia’s mother?
Ff
?
What are the alleles for Olivia’s father?
Ff
Explain how it is possible that with the same parents
Octavius can have an orange face and Olivia a blue one.
?
Both parents are heterozygous for face color. There is a 75%
chance that the child will have an orange faced child and a 25% chance the
child would have a blue faced. Octavius receive a recessive allele from both
parents.
?
?
FF
Ff
Ff
ff
19. Sickle cell anemia is a recessive disorder. The genotype for getting sickle cell disease
is (hh). A healthy husband and healthy wife decide to have children. They consult with
a genetic counselor because they know that the wife’s mother had sickle cell anemia.
What are the two alleles of the wife’s mother?
hh
What are the two alleles of the wife? Hh
What are the two possible sets of alleles of the husband? HH
and
Hh
Draw the two Punnett square possibilities for the marriage.
H
H
H
h
HH
Hh
HH
Hh
H
h
H
HH
Hh
h
Hh
What percent of their offspring could have sickle cell?
hh
If husband is a carrier, 25%
20.
Microarray Practice
A microarray is a lab technique used to determine the genotype for one trait of your offspring.
The picture below shows the test results for Cystic Fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive
disorder. Healthy is CC or Cc. A genotype of cc is affected by Cystic Fibrosis.
Remember a microarray works by allowing you to visualize what genes are expressed in a cell.
This is done by placing DNA samples on a plate that contains wells. If a person is homozygous
dominant, the sample will be the color PINK on the slide. A person that is homozygous recessive
will show the color BLUE on the slide. An individual that is heterozygous will show a mix of both
colors and appear PURPLE on the slide.
Wells
A – Homozygous dominant control
B – Homozygous recessive control
C – Negative control
D – Offspring DNA sample (2 wells)
Pink
Blue
Clear
Purple
Purple
21. Based on the microarray picture above, what is the genotype of the offspring?
22. Is the offspring (D) affected or not with cystic fibrosis?
23. Here are the results of a cystic fibrosis microarray for a family:
Which member of the family does not have a recessive allele?
unaffected
Dad is blue
Mom is pink
Daughter is purple
Mom
Cc
24. What does it mean for traits to run in the family? Traits, or genes are passed down from
generation to generation.
25. During sexual reproduction, how many alleles for any given gene are given from each
parent? One allele from each parent
26. What are the specialized cells produced during meiosis called? ___gametes____ What are
the female cells called? ____egg_____ What are the male cells called? _____sperm______ What
is the term for merged specialized cells? ___zygote or fertilized cell____
FATHER
Jenny and Jeremy’s Punnett square for Earlobes.
MOTHER
MOTHER
?
?
KEY
?
AA
Aa
A = attached earlobes
a = unattached earlobes
?
Aa
aa
27. What is the father’s genotype? Aa
28. What is the mother’s genotype? Aa
29. Jenny has unattached earlobes, her brother Jeremy has attached earlobes. How could
Jeremy have received attached earlobes?
Jeremy received a recessive allele from each parent.
KEY
Female Lemming
Lemmings Punnett Square
Male Lemming
G
g
G = grey fur
g = black furG
g
30. Write a statement describing 50% of the lemmings produced in the cross above.
50% of the offspring will be heterozygous.
31. What is the probability that a lemming will be born with black fur? 25%
32. What is the probability that a lemming will be born with grey fur? 75%
33. The lemmings fur is determined by one allele from the mother and one allele from the
father.
No sample response for BCRs.