Name: ______________________________________ Date: _____________________ Period: _____________
Biology A – Trimester Exam Review (Part 2)
1. What is the difference between an organic and an inorganic molecule?
Carbohydrates
2. What is the general formula (also called the empirical formula) of a carbohydrate? ____________________
3. What is a monosaccharide?
4. Name two monosaccharides.
5. What is a disaccharide?
6. Name two disaccharides.
7. What is starch? Where is it typically found? What is it used for in organisms?
8. What is cellulose? Where is it typically found? What is it used for in organisms?
9. What is glycogen? Where is it typically found? What is it used for in organisms?
10. What organisms are capable of making carbohydrates? What is the process that makes these?
11. What is a dehydration synthesis reaction?
12. What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Lipids
13. What are the six ways that lipids are used by organisms?
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14. What are the three classes of lipids? Provide an example for each.
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15. What are the characteristics of saturated fat?
16. Provide two examples of a saturated fat.
17. What are the characteristics of unsaturated fat?
18. Provide two examples of an unsaturated fat.
19. Cholesterol is considered both a good and a bad molecule to have in your body. Why?
Nucleic Acids
20. What are the two functions of nucleic acids in living organisms?
21. What is the building block (monomer) for nucleic acids?
22. What are the 3 parts of a nucleic acid?
23. Name the two examples of nucleic acids in all organisms.
24. List the different kinds of nitrogen bases in all nucleic acids
25. List the nitrogen bases in DNA.
26. List the nitrogen bases in RNA.
27. Describe the shape of the DNA molecule.
28. Explain why this specific structure of DNA is very important to life on Earth.
Proteins
29. List 3 ways that living things use proteins.
30. Give 3 examples of proteins in living organisms.
31. Proteins are chains of what smaller organic molecule?
32. What bond holds these smaller organic molecules together?
33. How many different amino acids are there? _______________________________________
34. What is meant by the term hydrophobic? _________________________________________
35. Proteins have four levels of structure. Explain each of the levels.
36. What is it called when a protein unfolds? __________________________________________
37. Why does unfolding a protein make it not able to do its job in a living organism?
Draw that molecule!
Complete the table by sketching a picture of each of the following molecules in the column to the right.
Molecule Name
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Triglyceride
Molecule Picture
Phospholipid
Saturated Fatty Acid
Unsaturated Fatty
Acid
Nucleotide
Amino Acid
Enzymes
38. What is an enzyme?
39. What is a substrate?
40. What type of molecule are enzymes?
41. What is the active site of an enzyme?
42. Explain the lock-and-key model of enzyme activity.
43. Explain the induced fit model of enzyme activity.
44. What is activation energy?
45. How is it that enzymes are able to facilitate reactions?
46. The following is an enzyme-facilitated reaction that we worked with in our labs:
H2O2
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What is/are the reactant(s)?
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What is/are the substrate(s)?
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What is the enzyme?
catalase
H2O + O2
47. What would happen if you boiled the enzyme?
48. What would happen if you froze the enzyme?
49. What would happen if you placed the enzyme in a strong acid? A strong base?
Cell Theory
50. Describe the contributions of the following scientists:
 Leewenhoek
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Hooke
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Brown
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Schleiden
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Schwann
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Virchow
51. What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?
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Cell Structure and Function
Directions: For each part of the cell listed, give the function and location within the cell. Then, check the
type(s) of cells where this organelle can be found: prokaryote, animal, or plant cell.
Eukaryotes
Prokaryote
Cell Part
Function
Location
(Bacteria)
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi
Body/Apparatus
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Nuclear
Membrane
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosome
Vacuole
Cellular Transport
52. What is the difference between active and passive transport?
53. Name and define the three types of passive transport.
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54. What is a concentration gradient?
55. What is equilibrium?
56. Complete the following table (found in your notes!)
If the fluid outside the
cell has . . .
Then the outside fluid is
. . . hypertonic
. . . hypotonic
. . . isotonic
57. Explain the following two active transport mechanisms:
 Endocytosis
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Exocytosis
Water diffuses . . .
Effect on the cell