Аcute and chronic hemorrhage
1. Simple hypovolemia is observed : a) for dehydration; + b) early after acute blood loss; c) in erythremia; d) a few days after hemorrhage; e) the introduction of large amounts of plasma expanders.
2 . The most frequent cause of hypovolemia is :
+ a) hemorrhage; b) hypoxia.
3 . Polycythemic hypovolemia observed in:
+ a) dehydration; b) massive hemolysis of erythrocytes; c) erythremia; d) anemia; e)hemorrhage.
4 . Oligocythemic normovolemia is observed in: a) dehydration; b) hypoxia; c) kidney disease; d) erythremia; + e) massive hemolysis of erythrocytes.
5 . Polycythemic hypervolemia is observed in:
+ a) erythremia; b) renal failure; c) dewatering; d) anemia; e) hemorrhage.
6. When the infusion of large volumes of isotonic solution may occur: a) simple hypovolemia; b) polycythemic hypervolemia; + c) оligocythemic hypervolemia; d) hypovolemia polycythemic; e) оligocythemic hypovolemia.
7. Under what conditions is observed simple hypovolemia?
+ a) 30-40 min after acute hemorrhage; b) 24 hours after acute moderate hemorrhage; c) burn shock; d) hyperthermia.
8. Under what conditions is observed polycythemic hypovolemia ?
+ a) extensive burns ; + b) hyperthermia; c) water intoxication; d) Vakez disease
(erythremia ).
9. What changes in blood volume is observed immediately after acute blood loss? a) оligocythemic hypovolemia ; + b ) simple hypovolemia; c) оligocythemic normovolemia; d ) simple normovolemia.
10 . In what time frame after acute blood loss develops moderate reticulocytosis ?
a) after 5-6 hours ; + b) after 4-5 days; c) after 24-48 hours; d) immediately after hemorrhage.
11. Specify the processes that have adaptive value for the organism in the next few minutes and hours after acute blood loss: a) reduction of venous return ; + b) peripheral vasoconstriction;
+ c) centralization of circulation; d) tissue hypoperfusion; + e) hyperventilation.
12. Specify the cases in which there normocythemic hypervolemia ?
+ a) when a large number of blood transfusions; b) in patients with kidney disease; c) in patients with erythremia; d) at intravenous introduction of physiological saline; e) at intravenous introduction of plasma expanders.
13. When a single massive blood loss occurs: a) iron deficiency anemia; b) B-12 deficiency anemia; c) acute hemolytic anemia; d) acute aplastic anemia ; + e) acute post-hemorrhagic anemia.
14. Blood picture in acute post-hemorrhagic anemia is characterized on the 4-5 days:
+ a) polychromatophilia ; + b) an increase in the reticulocytes;
c) presence megaloblasts ; + d) the development of neutrophilic leukocytosis with a nuclear shift to the left; e) the emergence of microspherocytes.
15. Chronic blood loss leads to the development:
+ a) iron deficiency anemia; b) vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia; c) hemolytic anemia; d)
Fanconi anemia; e) microspherocytic anemia Minkowski Chauffard.
16. Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by: a) reticulocytosis; + b) hypochromia; c) megaloblastic type of hematopoiesis; d) hemosiderosis; e) hyperbilirubinemia.
17. When iron deficiency anemia is observed in the peripheral blood : a) reticulocytosis; b) hyperchromia of erythrocytes; + c) microcytes;

d) leukocytosis with a left shift; e) sickle cells.
18. Which of the following can be attributed to hyporegenerative anemia?
+ a) chronic post-hemorrhagic anemia; b) acute post-hemorrhagic anemia;
+ c) anemia in diphyllobothriasis; + d) hereditary aplastic anemia; e) hereditary microspherocytic anemia Minkowski-Chauffard.
19. Which of the following can be attributed to regenerative anemia? a) iron deficiency anemia;
+ b) acute post-hemorrhagic anemia;
+ c) hemolytic anemia Minkowski Chauffard;
+ d) autoimmune hemolytic anemia; e) folic acid deficiency anemia
20. What anemia is characterized by microcytosis of erythrocytes?
+ a) iron deficiency anemia;
+ b) hemolytic anemia Minkowski Chauffard; c) acute post-hemorrhagic anemia;
+ d) chronic post-hemorrhagic anemia; e) hypoplastic anemia.
21. What anemia characterized by red blood cells expressed hypochromia?
+ a) Chronic posthemorrhagic anemia b) Hypoplastic anemia c) Acute posthemorrhagic anemia d) Helminthic B12-deficient anemia
+ e) Thalassaemia
22. Specify the haematological parameters that are typical for iron deficiency anemia:
+ a) erythrocytes - 3*10
12
, Hb - 60 g / l; b) erythrocytes - 1.2 *10
12
, Hb - 50 g / l;
+ c) CI - 0.6; d) CI - 1,2; e) erythrocytes with bodies of Joly in peripheral blood.
23. Factors that are most often contribute to the development of iron deficiency anemia include: a) acute massive blood loss; + b) chronic blood loss
+ c) achlorhydric states; d) irradiation; + e) prolonged enteritis.
24. Which of the following statements is correct? a) always anemia is characterized by decreasing the number of erythrocytes per unit volume of blood;
+ b) in most cases of anemia is observed decrease in the number of erythrocytes per unit volume of blood; c) always anemia is characterized by decreasing the total amount of hemoglobin;
+d) anemia is not necessarily accompanied by a decrease in the total amount of hemoglobin.
25. Describe the main pathogenetic factors contributing to the development of anemia:
+ a) insufficient production of red blood cells; + b) increased destruction of red blood cells; c) increased production of red blood cells; d) lack of destruction of red blood cells; + e) violation of the output of erythrocytes from bone marrow.
26. What hereditary hemolytic anemia by type membranopathy include:
+ a) microspherocytosis b) Anemia due to a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase c) a-thalassemia d) Sickle cell anemia e) β-thalassemia

27. Development of sickle-cell anemia is associated with: a) genetic defect of protein-lipid structure of the erythrocyte membrane b) metabolic disorder of nucleotides c) violation of the rate of synthesis of beta-chains of globin d) blocking the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate into the pentose-phosphate cycle
+ e) substitution of glutamic acid in the beta- chains of globin on valine
28. Hemolytic anemia is characterized by a: a) megaloblastic type of hematopoiesis b) fatty degeneration of the bone marrow
+ c) shortening life expectancy of erythrocytes d) deficiency of iron in the body e) increasing the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes
29. What cause cans development of B12-deficiency anemia? a) Radiation sickness
+ b) Subtotal Gastrectomy
+ c) ileal resection
+ d) Resection of the jejunum
+ e) Helminthic B12-deficient anemia
30. Intravascular hemolysis most often occurs when: a) erythrocytopathies; b) haemoglobinopathies; + c) transfusion of incompatible blood group;
+ d) hemolytic action of poisons.