Review guide for Photosynthesis & Respiration 2012 KEY
1. Draw & label ATP
Adenine
Phosphate groups
Ribose
sugar
2. ATP is the energy currency of the cell.
a. Where is it made? Mitochondria
b. In what process is it made?
phosphorylation
c. What does it do for you? Provides energy for most of the reactions in the cell
3. How do we get energy from ATP? What does the breaking of the high energy bond? (Be
specific.) The high energy bond is broken and the energy is released. The bond is broken by add water
between the last two phosphate groups. It is catalyzed by an enzyme to make it easier to break the bond.
4. What does ATP become when it loses a phosphate group?
ATP
ADP + Pi
5. How do we put ATP together again? Remove a water
a. Name of the process is: Phosphorylation
b. It occurs in the: mitochondria
c. The enzyme that helps is: ATP Synthase
6. What happens when something is oxidized?
If it is oxidized, it loses electrons (LEO)
LEO says GER
7. What happens when something is reduced?
If it is reduced, it gains electrons (GER)
8. What two molecules help in respiration by carrying extra H+ and electrons ions along?
NAD & FAD
9. Define:
a. Exergonic- Energy consuming reactions
b. Endergonic- Energy producing reactions
10. Define:
a. Catabolic- destructive reactions that break up compounds
b. Anabolic- constructive reactions that make compounds
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11. Where does glycolysis happen? In the cytoplasm
a. What does it do (what does it make)?
It splits up glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules
b. Does it make any ATP? It makes 4 ATP’s
c. Does it use any ATP? It uses 2 ATP’s
d. Does glycolysis need oxygen? No
12. Where is the electron transport chain located in mitochondria? On the Cristae membranes of the
mitochondria
a. What does it produce?
34 ATP’s
13. Where does the Kreb’s Cycle occur? In the matrix of the mitochondria
a. What does it make?
It harvests electrons for the electron transport chain and attaches them to NAD and FAD making
NADH and FADH2
14. Name & describe 2 kinds of fermentation.
Lactic Acid fermentation – makes lactic acid, but the process is reversible, so it can go back to
pyruvic acid; found in the muscles
Alcoholic fermentation- makes ethanol + CO2 ; not reversible; used in baking & brewing
15. What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
(You should know these already!)
16. ATP can’t be used to store energy. In what compounds can we store energy?
Carbohydrates (like sugars) and lipids
17. What is phosphorylation? What enzymes does it need?
Adding a phosphate group to a compound.
Like ADP + Pi
ATP
Phosphorylase or one of the synthase enzymes
18. Define the following:
a. Grana- Stacks of thylakoids in a chloroplast
b. Stroma- “empty” spaces in the chloroplast
c. Photosystem- Cluster of chlorophyll molecules on a thylakiod membrane
19. What happens during the light dependant reactions of photosynthesis? (See letter (e)
a. Where does it occur? The thylakiod membrane of a chloroplast
b. What are the reactants? H2O & sunlight ; also NADP, ADP & Pi
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c. What are the products? O2, NADPH, ATP
d. What happens? Water is split, oxygen is released and the energy of sunlight is captured by
chlorophyll. Also, NADP is reduced to NADPH, and ATP is made for the Calvin Cycle
20. What happens during the light independent reactions?
a. Where does it occur? In the stroma of the chloroplast
b. What are the reactants? ATP, NADH, & CO2
c. What are the products? Glucose, & water
d. What cycle is involved? Calvin cycle
e. What happens? CO2 is used to make glucose, ATP provides the energy, NADPH provides
electrons and H+
21. What can affect the rate of photosynthesis?
a. Intensity of light (How available is it?)
b. Wavelength of light (has to do with the light spectrum- like a rainbow)
c. Availability of CO2 & water
d. Temperature
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