United States History and the Constitution Assessment Bank
Red=EOC Released Items
Blue=USATestPrep Questions
Green=Passing the South Carolina US History End of Course Test Workbook
Purple=SC EOCEP Coach Workbook
Orange=American Vision SC Workbook
Standard USHC-1
USHC-1.1
1. Emily was born in the colonies. Her parents emigrated from England in the early 1700s. Her parents
came because they were searching for freedom of religion and because her father wanted to work in a
large city and make money by exporting agricultural goods. In which colony did Emily’s family live?
A. Massachusetts
B. Pennsylvania
C. Connecticut
D. Georgia
2. Which colonial region had the most religious diversity during the 1700s?
A. New England colonies
B. Southern colonies
C. Middle colonies
D. Backcountry
3. The first financially successful English colony in the "new world" was
A) Canada.
B) Jamestown.
C) Maryland.
D) Plymouth.
4. Which colony was home to the largest number of Quakers?
A) Georgia
B) New York
C) Pennsylvania
D) Massachusetts
5. The cities of New York, Baltimore, and Philadelphia began to flourish in the late 17th century because
of what economic activity?
A) trading
B) slavery
C) rice farming
D) tobacco farming
6.
The Navigation Acts
The first of these was passed in 1651, with the primary rule that no goods grown or manufactured Africa,
the Americas, or Asia could be brought into England except in English vessels. Additionally, goods from
any European country imported into England must be brought in British ships or in the ships of the
country that produced them.
In 1660, a more infamous part of this act was passed. It forbade importing goods into or exporting goods
out of the British colonies unless British ships were used in the process. Additionally, certain products
such as cotton, sugar, & tobacco could not be shipped to any country except England or to another
English colony.
According to the passage, which of these choices would have been ILLEGAL in the late 1600s?
A) A merchant in the Maryland Colony unloads fur from a Spanish ship in exchange for corn.
B) A trader in London purchases wine directly off of a ship from the southern coast of France.
C) A planter in the Virginia Colony trades tobacco to a South Carolina plantation owner for cotton.
D) A port in Boston Harbor unloads 50 crates of tea that arrived on a ship that arrived from London.
7. "Joint stock companies" were organizations meant to establish colonies in the Americas by people from
A) Britain.
B) France.
C) Portugal.
D) Spain.
8. Which of these would have been MOST likely to be a significant part of the Middle colonies' economy in
17th century North America?
A) sugar
B) shipbuilding
C) silver mining
D) indigo plantations
9. The Mayflower Compact was unique because it
A) was the foundation for the Declaration of Independence.
B) allowed black colonists freedom centuries before emancipation.
C) was the first example of colonial European self-government in northeastern North America.
D) established the precedent of freedom of religion in the southern colonies of North America.
10. From the following list, identify the Englishman who first scandalized his prominent English family by
becoming a Quaker, but who later convinced the King, an old friend, to grant him land in the "New World"
that would later be named for himself.
A) William Penn
B) William Pitt
C) William York
D) William Oglethorpe
11. This colony was founded by the Dutch in the early-1600s and is now known as New York City.
A) New Jersey
B) New Haarlem
C) New Holland
D) New Amsterdam
12. The economic activities of the English colonies during the 17th-18th centuries could be described as
A) industrial in the south and agricultural in the north.
B) agricultural in the south, industrial in the north.
C) agricultural in both north and south.
D) industrial in both north and south.
13. The development of the shipbuilding industry during the colonial era had the greatest impact on
A) the Middle colonies.
B) the Southern colonies.
C) the New England colonies.
D) colonies in French Canada.
14. Which of these was considered a “Mid-Atlantic” colony in North America?
A) New York
B) Virginia
C) Rhode Island
D) New Hampshire
15. Which of the following lists is associated with the Southern Colonies?
A) subsistence farming, slavery, profitable shipping industry, Puritan faith
B) commerce, diversity, originally home to Dutch settlements
C) tobacco, rice, plantation system, colony for debtors
D) fur trade, witch trials, Mayflower Compact
16. John is a Puritan merchant who can vote. Where does he most likely live?
A. Massachusetts Bay colony
B. Virginia
C. Pennsylvania
D. Rhode Island
17. How did John Rolfe’s tobacco and the slaves seized by the English and Dutch in 1619 transform
Virginia’s economy?
A. Enslaved Africans and the Powhatan created a rival colony based on Rolfe’s tobacco.
B. The Dutch recovered the slave ship and stole Rolfe’s tobacco plant in the process.
C. Both established the primary crop and workforce through which Virginia’s agriculture grew.
D. The enslaved Africans improved upon Rolfe’s tobacco and created the crop that stabilized
Virginia’s economy.
18. How did the Wampanoag help the Pilgrims survive in Plymouth Colony?
A. They assisted them with building houses, churches, and schools.
B. They refused to attack the Pilgrims based on religious principles.
C. They showed the Pilgrims how to sew clothing for cold weather.
D. They taught Pilgrims how to grow corn, beans, and squash.
19. The settlement at Jamestown suffered from many problems in its early years, mostly from lack of
adequate food. Finally, in 1614, two changes helped save the colony. What were these changes?
A. Enslaved people were introduced, and they started cultivating tobacco.
B. Private cultivation was allowed, and the successful cultivation and curing of tobacco started.
C. Settlers were organized into work gangs, and successful tobacco cultivation began.
D. Private cultivation was allowed, and the Powhatan Confederacy stopped attacking Jamestown.
20. Why did Massachusetts resist the Navigation Acts more strongly than the other colonies?
A. Massachusetts suffered the most because it had many of the major ports.
B. Massachusetts relied heavily on English ships.
C. Massachusetts was self-sufficient in raw materials.
D. James II had revoked the Massachusetts charter.
USHC-1.2
1. Colonial government can best be described as which of the following?
A) totalitarian
B) appointed by Parliament
C) representative
D) unlimited
2. Virginia’s House of Burgesses fulfilled which of the following roles?
A) It met on board the Mayflower to draft laws that would help institute representative government
in Massachusetts.
B) It helped establish representative government by serving as the colonies’ first official elected
body.
C) it sparked the American Revolution by meeting and selecting Thomas Jefferson to write the
Declaration of Independence.
D) It helped lay a foundation for future government by calling for a unifying government to rule over
all the colonies during the French and Indian War.
3. What was the American colonists' primary objection to the taxes imposed by the Stamp Act?
A. It was the first time the British tried to control the colonies.
B. It set the rate so high that it harmed the colonial economy.
C. It had not been approved by colonial representatives.
D. It interfered with merchants' right to free trade.
4. In English history, the Magna Carta (1215) and the English Bill of Rights (1689) both reinforced the
concept of
A) universal suffrage.
B) a limited monarchy.
C) religious toleration.
D) a laissez-faire economy.
5.
· English Bill of Rights ⇒ U.S. Bill of Rights
· Petition of Rights ⇒ U.S. Constitution
· Magna Carta ⇒ Articles of Confederation
· Magna Carta ⇒ Petition of Rights
Which shows an accurate relationship between these English and American political doctrines in
terms of structure and purpose?
A) Magna Carta ⇒ Petition of Rights
B) Petition of Rights ⇒ U.S. Constitution
C) Magna Carta ⇒ Articles of Confederation
D) English Bill of Rights ⇒ U.S. Bill of Rights
6. Historically, New England's town meetings were good examples of
A) federalism.
B) republicanism.
C) direct democracy.
D) representative democracy.
7. Which statement BEST describes an effect of the British policy of salutary neglect?
A) The colonies developed an attitude for self-governing.
B) Colonial governors became more powerful than assemblies.
C) American colonists stopped sending raw materials to England.
D) Parliament increased its military supervision of the colonies.
8. The “Rule of Law” states that
A) there should be no barriers to the right to vote.
B) a just government derives its power from the governed.
C) all people, including those who govern, must obey the law.
D) a country’s citizens are the source of the government's power.
9. Which statement BEST describes an effect of the British policy of salutary neglect?
A) The colonies developed an attitude for self-governing.
B) Colonial governors became more powerful than assemblies.
C) American colonists stopped sending raw materials to England.
D) Parliament increased its military supervision of the colonies.
10. What was the purpose of the English Bill of Rights?
A) To reinstate King James II
B) To weaken the role of Parliament
C) To establish the British cabinet system
D) To limit the power of the British monarch
11. The political theory that people form governments for their mutual protection and that government
rules only with the consent of those people is known as
A) communism.
B) socialism.
C) divine right theory.
D) social contract theory.
12. The “Rule of Law” states that
A) there should be no barriers to the right to vote.
B) a just government derives its power from the governed.
C) all people, including those who govern, must obey the law.
D) a country’s citizens are the source of the government's power.
13. The first written plan of self-government of an American colony was the
A) Magna Carta.
B) Mayflower Compact.
C) Petition of Right.
D) Fundamental Orders.
· established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619
· consisted of a Governor, a council, and representatives from the colony
· marked the beginning of representative government in British North America
14. These are all describing
A) the Plymouth Company.
B) the Mayflower Compact.
C) the House of Burgesses.
D) the Fundamental Orders.
15. How did the Virginia House of Burgesses differ from the government that was established by the
Mayflower Compact?
A) The House of Burgesses was a representative assembly.
B) The House of Burgesses established a direct democracy.
C) The House of Burgesses developed before Jamestown was formed.
D) The House of Burgesses included democratic participation from women.
16. Which of these BEST describes the economic activities of the English colonies during the 17th-18th
centuries?
A) Industrial in both north and south.
B) agricultural in both north and south.
C) agricultural in the north, industrial in the south.
D) industrial in the north, agricultural in the south.
17. The political theory that people form governments for their mutual protection and that government
rules only with the consent of those people is known as
A) communism.
B) socialism.
C) divine right theory.
D) social contract theory.
18. This revenue law of the British parliament succeeded in angering the colonists, but failed to raise a
single penny in taxes.
A) The Stamp Act.
B) The Sugar Act.
C) The Townshend Acts.
D) The Navigation Acts.
19. Which nation provided the foundation for the concept of limited government that is embodied in the
U.S. Constitution?
A) England
B) France
C) Greece
D) Spain
20.
“…(L)aws, when good, should be supreme; and that the magistrate or magistrates should regulate those
matters only on which the laws are unable to speak with precision owing to the difficulty of any general
principle embracing all particulars. But what are good laws has not yet been clearly explained; the old
difficulty remains. The goodness or badness, justice or injustice, of laws varies of necessity with the
constitutions of states. This, however, is clear, that the laws must be adapted to the constitutions. But if
so, true forms of government will of necessity have just laws, and perverted forms of government will
have unjust laws."
- from Politics, Aristotle, 350 BCE
From this excerpt, Aristotle gives a cautious endorsement of
A) Tyranny.
B) Aristocracy.
C) the Rule of Man.
D) the Rule of Law.
21. The relationship between colonial governors and colonial legislatures can best be described as what?
A) always cooperative, because the colonists saw the importance of unity
B) bitter, because legislators loyal to the king resented the fact that most governors were more
concerned with the welfare of the colony than with those of the crown
C) awkward, because both sides were often concerned about offending the other
D) often tense, because legislators tended to be most concerned with the needs of the colony while
governors were loyal to the king who had appointed them
22. Which of the following is true regarding colonial governments?
A) They tended to be somewhat independent due to England’s policy of salutary neglect.
B) Due to the necessity for unity, colonial governors and legislative bodies rarely allowed tensions to
arise between them
C) The House of Burgesses established representative government in New England
D) Desiring to start a country of their own, colonists rejected all previous models of English
government in order to experiment with totally new ideas.
23. In what way did “social contract theory” help shape colonial ideas about government?
A) It reinforced the idea that the king ruled by sovereign right and that colonists owed him their
loyalty.
B) It stated that laws passed by the king must have the approval of Parliament and the colonies.
C) It established that leaders are responsible to the people and that governments that fail to
protect the natural rights of citizens and fulfill their responsibilities may be replaced by the people.
D) It strengthened the belief in representative government by promoting the idea of “taxation
without representation.”
24. Which of the following is a principle that holds that governments are subject to the will of the people?
A) separation of powers
B) popular sovereignty
C) delegated powers
D) federalism
25. The fact that the president of the United States cannot do whatever he/she wants but is bound by the
laws of the Constitution is evidence of what?
A) executive powers
B) a belief in natural rights
C) limited government
D) common law
26. What did the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and Tea Act all have in common?
A. They were parliamentary efforts to raise money to ease debt caused by war and to secure trade
monopolies.
B. They were intended to punish the colonists for refusing to pay taxes.
C. They resulted in the skirmishes outside of Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts.
D. They aimed to manifest dissent against colonial leaders after the Continental Congresses
convened.
27. How did the Intolerable Acts punish the British colonies?
A. They place an embargo on the tea and sugar trades.
B. They closed Boston Harbor and disallowed town hall meetings in Massachusetts.
C. They demanded repayment for document burned during the Boston Tea Party.
D. They dissolved the House of Burgesses
28. John Locke wrote, “All mankind…being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his
life, health, liberty or possessions.”
A. Checks and balances
B. Inalienable rights
C. Separation of powers
D. Popular sovereignty
29. Use the list below to answer the following question.
*Strictly enforced customs duties.
*Raised taxes on sugar and molasses.
*Placed new taxes on silk, wine, coffee, pimento, and indigo
The list shows the measures the British government took in the 1760s to solve its financial problems
created by
A. The Revolutionary War.
B. The Stamp Act Congress.
C. Colonization.
D. The French and Indian War.
30. Separation of powers in the U.S. Constitution refers to
A. Proportional representation in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the
Senate.
B. Division of power between federal and state governments.
C. Division of power among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
D. Division of duties between the president and vice president.
31.
Use the chart below to answer the following question.
The Road to Revolution
Act
Colonists’ Reactions
Sugar Act
Colonists protest that their rights have been violated.
Stamp Act
????????????????????????????????????????????????
Tea Act
Colonists destroy British tea during the Boston Tea Party.
Which of the following answer choices BEST completes the “???” above?
A. Delegates from nine colonies gather to explain their opposition to the act and request that the king
repeal the legislation.
B. The Battle of Saratoga is waged in protest.
C. The Boston Massacre occurs as a result of colonial outrage.
D. The colonies pass the Townshend Acts in retaliation.
32. The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution became effective in 1791. These amendments limit
the power of the federal government and guarantee certain individual rights. Together, what are these
amendments called?
A. Declaration of the Rights of Man
B. The Voting Rights Act
C. The Rights of Citizens
D. The Bill of Rights
33. Use the passage below to answer the following question.
“Everything that is right or reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of
nature cries, ‘Tis Time to Part….Every spot of the old world is overrun with oppression. Freedom hath been
hunted round the globe….[and] England hath given her warning to depart. Oh! Receive the fugitive, and
prepare in time an asylum for mankind.”
~Thomas Paine, Common Sense
What did Thomas Paine’s pamphlet help persuade the colonists to do?
A. Hold a boycott of British goods
B. Declare independence from Britain
C. Stage the Boston Tea Party
D. Burn the Gaspee
USHC-1.3
1. Read the quotation below and answer the question that follows.
The representative of the French people…have determined to set forth in a
solemn declaration the natural, unreliable, and sacred rights of man…[and
reinforce] the happiness of all.
-French National Assembly, 1789
Which important U.S. document influenced this excerpt?
A. the Bill of Rights
B. the U.S. Constitution
C. the Articles of Confederation
D. the Declaration of Independence
2.
"British victory against France in the Seven Years' War helped to cause the American Revolution."
Which answer BEST explains why this quotation is true?
A) France sought revenge and stirred-up colonial anger against the British.
B) The British attempt to industrialize Canada offended the American colonists.
C) Britain became overconfident, resulting in a failed invasion of Spanish Florida.
D) The British increased colonial taxes in order to pay for the victory over France.
3. Why did American colonists resent British taxes?
A) Unlike American colonists, people who lived in Great Britain did not have to pay any duties .
B) Americans did not elect representatives to Parliament as people who lived in Great Britain did.
C) Great Britain did not offer the American colonists any protection from the French and the
Indians.
D) American colonists were unhappy that the colonies were a source of cheap raw materials for
Great Britain.
4. Which of these was a major philosophy expressed in the Declaration of Independence?
A) a belief in the natural rights of citizens
B) the need for a federal system of government
C) a belief in the benefits of a laissez-faire economy
D) the need for a Bill of Rights to secure personal liberties
5. In the years leading up to the American Revolution, the Committees of Correspondence were MOST
important because they
A) kept Parliament informed as to what colonists were planning.
B) provided a record of the negotiations in the Continental Congress.
C) show that the group that would become the Federalists were already very powerful.
D) were the first attempt to maintain close political cooperation among all colonists.
6. Which of these was a reason the American colonies were fighting a war for independence in 1776?
A) restrictions on colonial trade
B) restrictions on slave ownership in the colonies
C) failure to protect the colonists from attacks by the French
D) failure to protect the colonists from attacks by the Spanish
7.
"For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the
Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury...."
- From The Declaration of Independence
Each phrase from this section of the Declaration of Independence begins with the word 'for', which is
referring to the actions of
A) Parliament.
B) King George III.
C) the First Continental Congress.
D) the Second Continental Congress.
8.
"They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be
stronger? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a...
guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we
acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive
phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak if we make
a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. The millions of people,
armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any
force which our enemy can send against us."
Patrick Henry
March 23, 1775
Who/what is the adversary Patrick Henry speaks of?
A) British
B) Congress
C) inaction
D) liberty
9.
"We must indeed all hang together, or, most assuredly, we shall all hang separately."
Benjamin Franklin
Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on his statement?
A) Benjamin Franklin wanted to hang traitors.
B) Benjamin Franklin was loyal to the British.
C) The American colonies should all sign the Declaration of Independence.
D) Benjamin Franklin did not want to sign the Declaration of Independence.
10. What was the First Continental Congress seeking when the “Olive Branch Petition” was sent to King
George III in 1775?
A) agricultural assistance and protection from Indian attacks
B) the overthrow of English government for ideological reasons
C) to explain why it was necessary to dissolve their political connections
D) to try to assure the King that the Colonists were not wanting independence
11. Historians have regarded the American Revolution as being of worldwide importance because it
A) was won without foreign military assistance.
B) was led by people of recognized intellectual ability.
C) ended European imperialism in the Western Hemisphere.
D) marked the successful emergence of a new concept in government.
12.
"We must indeed all hang together, or, most assuredly, we shall all hang separately."
Benjamin Franklin
Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on his statement?
A) Benjamin Franklin wanted to hang traitors.
B) Benjamin Franklin was loyal to the British.
C) The American colonies should all sign the Declaration of Independence.
D) Benjamin Franklin did not want to sign the Declaration of Independence.
13. Historians often praise Thomas Jefferson for incorporating the Enlightenment into the Declaration of
Independence. Which of these BEST explains why this can be said?
A) there is evidence that it was written in France
B) it was written in the middle of the 18th Century
C) the philosophies of John Locke and Montesquieu are used
D) it contains many references to "Nature's God" and religion
14. Historians have regarded the American Revolution as being of worldwide importance because it
A) was won without foreign military assistance.
B) was led by people of recognized intellectual ability.
C) ended European imperialism in the Western Hemisphere.
D) marked the successful emergence of a new concept in government.
15.
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out
their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
The Declaration of Independence
In this passage from the Declaration of Independence, the primary complaint of the colonists is centered
around Parliament's passage of the
A) Tea Act.
B) Stamp Act.
C) Sugar Act.
D) Quartering Act.
16. The primary goal of the people who instigated the American Revolution was
A) to establish a new economic elite in North America.
B) to establish the world’s first democratic government.
C) to achieve the rights they felt the British had been denying them.
D) to make legally binding the concepts of equality and liberty for all in the colonies.
17. In the Declaration of Independence, whom did the Americans indict for "repeated injuries and
usurpations"?
A) King George III, because of the crown's apparent intention to establish despotism
B) Parliament, because of the oppressive legislation that it had passed over ten years
C) British merchants, because their drive for personal profits had caused them to ignore the greater good
of the empire
D) The king's ministers, because they had refused to compromise and had turned the king and Parliament
against the colonies
18. Which of the following led to the cry, “No taxation without representation!”?
A) the Stamp Act
B) the Quartering Act
C) the Boston Massacre
D) the Declaration of Independence
19. The impact of the Declaration of Independence worldwide can best be described as what?
A) profound, because its principles have inspired revolutions and political movements worldwide.
B) oppressive, because it opposes egalitarianism.
C) moderate, because its effects have been limited outside of the United States.
D) powerful, because it rejected the idea of “inalienable rights,” thereby giving governments more
power.
20. How did the Declaration of Independence influence other countries?
A. It inspired the common people to fight for democratic control of their governments.
B. It caused other governments to impose Intolerable Acts on their colonies.
C. It ended slavery in countries like Haiti.
D. It encouraged France to maintain and strengthen its monarchy.
21. The Treaty of Paris of 1783
A. Ordered German reparations.
B. Ended the French and Indian War.
C. Recognized the United States of America as a new nation.
D. Gave British control of lands west of the Mississippi River.
22. What is the significance of Lexington and Concord?
A. The British marched to Lexington and Concord to show off their military superiority to the colonists
in hopes of convincing them not to continue with their rebellion.
B. The British marched to Lexington and Concord because the Continental Congress was secretly
meeting there.
C. George Washington had set up his headquarters between these two towns, and the British hoped
to destroy the colonial army and end the revolution quickly.
D. Lexington and Concord marked the first time that the British experienced organized resistance from
the colonial militia.
USHC-1.4
1. Which newspaper headline best illustrates the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation?
A. Whiskey Rebellion Begins in Western Pennsylvania
B. New York Imposes Tariff on Connecticut Goods
C. Supreme Court Denied Power of Judicial Review
D. Land Ordinance of 1785 Issued by Congress
2. What was an important argument that the Federalists made in support of a new constitution?
A. It would weaken slavery.
B. It would protect states' rights
C. It would strengthen the economy.
D. It would protect the rights of the individual.
3. The New Jersey and Virginia plans of the 1780s were each meant to
A) settle issues regarding the power of states in the national government.
B) create a compromise on the issue of slavery.
C) draft a plan for independence from Britain.
D) draft a peace treaty with the British.
4. Why did the Anti-Federalists push for the addition of a Bill of Rights to the United States Constitution?
A) there was a precedent set for doing so in Great Britain's Constitution
B) they believed the government needed protection from possible uprisings
C) they believed the people's liberties needed protection from the government
D) there was already a requirement to do so, but the Federalists were ignoring it
5.
· Born in 1751 in Virginia
· An author of the Federalist Papers
· Considered the "Father of the Constitution"
· 4th President of the United States
All of these are describing what "Founding Father" of the United States?
A) John Adams
B) James Madison
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) George Washington
6. The Articles of Confederation represented the Americans' distrust of
A) the British.
B) states rights.
C) any governing authority.
D) a strong central government.
7. How did the Stamp Act, the Tea Act, and the Intolerable Acts encourage American colonists to consider
revolution against British rule?
A) by representing an effort in Britain to end the slave trade in the colonies
B) by revealing the British plan to expand the American colonies farther west on the continent
C) by ignoring American representatives in Parliament on issues of taxes levied in the American
colonies
D) by raising taxes in the American colonies without granting the colonies any representation in
Parliament
8. George III was the leader of Britain during
A) World War II
B) the Cold War
C) the American Revolution
D) the Spanish American War
9. The unicameral legislative branch created by the Articles of Confederation was MOST LIKELY changed to
a bicameral branch
in the United States Constitution because people
A) wanted the government to have much more power.
B) wanted more of a separation of government power.
C) wanted everything from the Articles to be changed.
D) believed that the first legislative branch was corrupt.
10. Congress called for a convention to be held in Philadelphia in 1787 in order to
A) declare independence from England.
B) revise the Articles of Confederation.
C) establish a new Constitution for the United States.
D) direct the Revolutionary War effort against England.
11.
I. prevention of anarchy
II. limitation of state's powers
III. no bill of rights
IV. protection from foreign enemies
Which of these arguments were used by the Federalists to urge people to ratify the Constitution?
A) I and II
B) I and IV
C) II and IV
D) II and III
12. The post-colonial distrust of strong, national governmental power can most clearly be seen in the
creation of the
A) Constitution.
B) Mayflower Compact.
C) Albany Plan of Union.
D) Articles of Confederation.
13. The Sons of Liberty led a revolt at the Georgia governor’s mansion in 1766. They were protesting
against the
A) Stamp Act.
B) Intolerable Acts.
C) Siege of Savannah.
D) Battle of the Rice Boats.
14. Which statement BEST describes one outcome of the First Continental Congress?
A) The colonists declared independence from Great Britain.
B) King George III sent a letter to apologize for British actions.
C) The colonists expressed their dissatisfaction with British rule.
D) The Intolerable Acts were repealed and colonial demands were met.
15.
This cartoon printed in 1760 was most likely a protest against
A) pirates.
B) food safety.
C) British taxes.
D) cruelty of British soldiers.
16. One of the central reasons for the military success of the United States in the American Revolution
was
A) a well armed and well trained military force.
B) financial and military assistance from France.
C) substantial industrial production of armaments.
D) its navy was vastly superior the that of Britain.
17.
"They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be
stronger? Will it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British
guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquire
the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope,
until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak if we make a proper use of those
means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. The millions of people, armed in the holy cause of
liberty, and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send
against us."
Patrick Henry
"Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death" speech
March 23, 1775
The likely audience Patrick Henry’s speech is intended for is
A) British soldiers.
B) American Indians .
C) American colonists.
D) French mercenaries.
18. The rebellions started by Daniel Shays in 1786 were a protest against
A) a tax on whisky.
B) the war against Britain.
C) debts and businesses' refusal to accept paper currency.
D) the calling of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.
19. During the American Revolution TORIES were
A) French soldiers who fought for Americans.
B) colonists who were loyal to Great Britain.
C) German soldiers who fought against Americans.
D) colonists who supported breaking from Great Britain.
20.
I. prevention of anarchy
II. limitation of state's powers
III. no bill of rights
IV. protection from foreign enemies
Which of these arguments were used by the Federalists to urge people to ratify the Constitution?
A) I and II
B) I and IV
C) II and IV
D) II and III
21.
What would be the MOST LIKELY geological feature that influenced the drawing of the Proclamation of
1763?
A) Ohio River
B) Rocky Mountains
C) Mississippi River
D) Appalachian Mountains
22. Which of the following statements represents a common criticism of the Articles of Confederation?
A) “The document is too weak. It gives no power to the people and too much to the government.”
B) “This document fails because it once again allows a national government to impose unjust
taxes.”
C) “The document is not effective because it grants no substantial power to the national
government.”
D) “The document cannot be accepted because it does not require the British to recognize our
independence.”
23. Which of the following least contributed to the need for a constitutional convention in 1787?
A) the nation’s economic crisis
B) Shay’s rebellion
C) the failure of the Articles of Confederation
D) the emergence of political parties
24. Which of the following was not a subject of intense debate at the Constitutional Convention?
A) whether or not to count slaves as part of the population
B) whether or not to change the Articles of Confederation
C) how to determine each state’s number of representatives in a national legislature
D) what to do about the slave trade
25. Someone suspicious of strong central governments who identified more with their own state than with
the nation as a whole would have initially been most supportive of which of the following documents?
A) Articles of Confederation
B) US Constitution
C) Albany Plan of Union
D) Magna Carta
26. Who of the following would have been most likely to favor the Virginia Plan?
A) a delegate to the Constitutional Convention from a small state
B) a delegate to the Second Continental Congress from a small state
C) people opposed to slavery
D) delegates to the Constitutional Convention from a large state
27. Which of the following was a subject of intense debate at the Constitutional Convention?
A) whether or not the Articles of Confederation needed to be changed
B) whether or not to end slavery
C) whether or not to count slaves in the nation’s population
D) whether or not to have a king
28. Which of these is described below?
*Two-house legislature
*Proportional representation in House of Representatives
*Two Representatives per state
A. Compromise of 1850
B. Great Compromise
C. Three-Fifths Compromise
D. Missouri Compromise
29. Which statement below BEST describes the Articles of Confederation?
A. The Articles of Confederation established the concept of three branches of government later used
in the Constitution.
B. The Articles of Confederation established a government modeled after the English parliamentary
model.
C. The Articles of Confederation established a weak central government consisting of a Congress only.
D. The Articles of Confederation established a strong executive branch with the right to levy taxes and
control trade.
30. The phrase “We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union” begins which
document?
A. The Declaration of Independence
B. The Northwest Ordinance
C. The United States Constitution
D. The Articles of Confederation
USHC-1.5
1. George Mason wrote in 1787 that “The purse and the sword must not be in the same hands.”
Which principle in the U.S. Constitution best reflects the concern expressed in this quotation?
A. due process of law
B. popular sovereignty
C. separation of powers
D. independent judiciary
2. The system established to make sure that no one branch of government controls the other branches is
called
A) federalism.
B) republicanism.
C) checks and balances.
D) separation of powers.
BT1
3. Which of these is an example of a "check and balance" power of Congress?
A) the power to tax
B) the power to veto
C) the power to borrow money
D) the power to impeach public officials
BT5
4. What is one reason that the Bill of Rights was adopted?
A) to sooth the fears of many Federalists in the United States.
B) to protect national government from the abuse of power by the state governments.
C) to protect the rights and liberties of the states from abuse of power by the newly created
government.
D) to ensure that the national government would be strong enough to protect the public from
internal rebellion and external invasion.
BT4
5. Which viewpoint MOST ACCURATELY describes the view of humankind held by the Founding Fathers
who wrote our Constitution?
A) People of average or below average intelligence should never be legally allowed to govern
themselves.
B) People are not capable of governing themselves and should be ruled by the most capable who
have risen in society.
C) People need a government that will keep the various factions in balance while giving ultimate
authority to the people.
D) People are basically good and can be trusted to treat their fellow humans fairly and therefore
need little government at all.
6. A government principle by which the legislative, judicial, and executive powers are essentially held by
different groups and people is called
A) reserved powers.
B) expressed powers.
C) checks and balances.
D) separation of powers.
7. State governments MIGHT be opposed to a federal government’s decision to prohibit taxes on persons
seeking Internet access because it would limit the state’s ability to
A) earn money.
B) maintain order.
C) treat people fairly.
D) provide quality service
BT1
8. Which of these political debates is MOST closely related to the First Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution?
A) gun control
B) capital punishment
C) search and seizure warrants
D) separation of church and state
9. Which branch of the federal government is responsible for interpreting the laws of the United States?
A) Executive
B) Judicial
C) Legislative
D) Treasury
10. This movement was characterized by a belief that the U.S. national government under the Articles of
Confederation was too weak, and that a stronger central government was needed.
A) Federalism
B) Nationalism
C) Judicial Review
D) Separation of Powers
13. In the early-19th century, South Carolina protested what it believed to be a violation of its rights by
A) declaring war on the United States.
B) threatening to secede from the Union.
C) legalizing slavery throughout the state.
D) attempting to tax the federal government.
BT1
14. What is federalism?
A) a form of government with elected representatives
B) a division of power between the national and state governments
C) a sharing of power between the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial systems
D) a form of government in which elected officials make all economic decisions
BT1
15. The principle of "Separation of Powers" is improved with a bicameral legislature rather than a
unicameral legislature because a bicameral legislature
A) creates a legislature that has less power than the judicial branch.
B) needs fewer representatives to pass the same number of laws.
C) takes more of the power from the executive branch.
D) requires that two bodies of government pass laws.
16. Which is the BEST example of checks and balances?
A) Congress may override a president’s vetoing of a bill.
B) The Supreme Court bases its judgments on Constitutional law.
C) The president works to ensure that existing laws are enforced.
D) The Constitution may be amended to fit changing circumstances.
17. The hatred for the Quartering Act, passed by Parliament to affect the British colonies in North America,
can be seen in which Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
A) 1st Amendment
B) 2nd Amendment
C) 3rd Amendment
D) 10th Amendment
18. An example of a STATE issue would be the requirements for
A) printing money.
B) getting married.
C) running post offices.
D) establishing an army.
19. Taxes may be levied on U.S. citizens by both the federal and state governments. This is an example of
A) double jeopardy.
B) a reserved power.
C) an exclusive power.
D) a concurrent power.
BT3
20. In American democracy, why is the principle of checks and balances important?
A) Elections are fair and free.
B) Minority rights are protected.
C) No one branch can have too much power.
D) Representative government is guaranteed.
21. How did the Magna Carta and English bill of Rights influence the Constitution?
A. They established a long political tradition of securing rights.
B. They gave the legislature the most power within government.
C. They allowed barons to take over the monarchy.
D. They justified the Americans’ call for a Glorious Revolution.
22. What do separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and the social contract have in common?
A. They were compromises that failed to gain support at the Constitutional Convention.
B. They are Enlightenment ideas that helped shape the Constitution.
C. They are arguments against Federalism.
D. They are enumerated rights included in the Bill of Rights.
23. Which Founding Father authored part of the Federalist Papers in support of the Constitution?
A. John Adams
B. Alexander Hamilton
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. John Marshall
24. Which compromise or plan during the Constitutional Convention negotiated the significance of states’
slave populations?
A. Three-fifths compromise
B. New Jersey Plan
C. Virginia Plan
D. Great Compromise
25. John Locke believed that citizens’ bond to government was formed through a
A.
B.
C.
D.
Spirit of nationalism.
Two-way contract.
Unilateral obligation.
Feeling of humility.
USHC-1.6
BT5
1. Which aspect of economic policy did Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton agree upon?
A. The U.S. government should pass a protective tariff.
B. The U.S. government should use liquor taxes to raise revenue.
C. The U.S. government should pay off the war debt to foreign
countries.
D. The U.S. government should insure deposits in the Bank of the
United States.
2. The first major political issue faced by the US government after the ratification of the Constitution
concerned the proposal of Alexander Hamilton to establish a
A) Post Office.
B) National Bank.
C) deep water navy.
D) National University.
BT1
3. Which of these statements MOST accurately describes the term Jeffersonian Democracy?
A) The United States should ally closely with the nations of Europe.
B) The Bill of Rights merely suggests rights and can be easily changed.
C) The common man must be protected from the tyranny of the aristocrats.
D) The states must consistently yield to the power of the Federal government.
BT1
4. Alexander Hamilton, the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, believed that in order to create a strong,
capitalistic economy
A) the government needed to provide the poor with income tax breaks.
B) middle-class Americans needed to buy land in the western territories.
C) the wealthiest classes needed to have an interest in keeping the American economy healthy.
D) working-class farmers needed to either adopt slavery as a labor system or completely abolish it.
BT2
5. Fundamentally, the dispute between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton during the Washington
administration came down to the fact that
A) Jefferson believed that the primary power of the government should rest with the Supreme Court,
while Hamilton believed that the most powerful branch should be the legislative branch, not the
courts.
B) Jefferson thought a strong central government would infringe on the rights of the people, while
Hamilton believed that the central government needed to be strong to protect the rights of all.
C) Jefferson thought that the US should not be involved in foreign affairs, while Hamilton recognized
that, to be a great power, the US had to involve itself in the affairs of Europe.
D) Jefferson believed that political parties were necessary, while Hamilton believed that political
parties were an unnecessary burden on the legislative process.
BT1
6. Which of these is one way President Washington helped to quell citizens' anxiety in his Farewell
Address?
A) by listing steps for America to remain a strong country
B) by admitting that he was overqualified to be president
C) by saying that America had no threats to its success
D) by offering to serve a third term of the presidency
7.
"Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable
supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of patriotism who should labor to subvert these great pillars
of human happiness—these firmest props of the duties of men and citizens. The mere politician, equally with
the pious man, ought to respect and to cherish them. A volume could not trace all their connections with private
and public felicity."
- George Washington, September 17, 1796
According to the Farewell Address, which of these BEST explains Washington’s view on religion?
A) Religion would soon lose popularity among the American people.
B) Religion should become the backbone of the American government.
C) Religion causes people to behave badly and could hurt the country.
D) Religion plays a large role in the United States’ political success.
BT1
8. Alexander Hamilton's plan for a “national bank” was politically significant because
A) it helped provide the county’s first balanced budget.
B) it triggered the duel with Aaron Burr that eventually killed Hamilton.
C) the county's war debt which remained from the Revolutionary War was quickly erased as a result
of newly created taxes.
D) it caused the first direct conflict between supporters of strict interpretation versus loose
interpretation of the Constitution.
BT4
9. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagreed over the proposed “National Bank” based on
which issue?
A) which executive department would be responsible for running it
B) the wisdom of staffing such an institution with immigrants from Britain
C) how much in additional taxes would be levied on citizens of the United States
D) whether or not the Constitution gives the national government the power to establish the bank
10.
"Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable
supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of patriotism who should labor to subvert these great pillars of
human happiness—these firmest props of the duties of men and citizens. The mere politician, equally with the
pious man, ought to respect and to cherish them. A volume could not trace all their connections with private and
public felicity."
- George Washington, September 17, 1796
According to the Farewell Address, which of these BEST explains Washington’s view on religion?
A) Religion would soon lose popularity among the American people.
B) Religion should become the backbone of the American government.
C) Religion causes people to behave badly and could hurt the country.
D) Religion plays a large role in the United States’ political success.
BT1
11. Which of these was a precedent set by the first President of the United States, George Washington?
A) the popular election of the President
B) the tradition of only serving two terms
C) naming nine Justices to the Supreme Court
D) addressing the Chief Executive as as "Your Highness"
12. Alexander Hamilton, the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, believed that in order to create a strong,
capitalistic economy
A) the government needed to provide the poor with income tax breaks.
B) middle-class Americans needed to buy land in the western territories.
C) the wealthiest classes needed to have an interest in keeping the American economy healthy.
D) working-class farmers needed to either adopt slavery as a labor system or completely abolish it.
13. The first American political party to successfully have a President in office was the
A) Whigs.
B) Democrats.
C) Federalists.
D) Democratic Republicans.
14. When Virginia and Kentucky in the late 1700s and South Carolina in the 1830s refused to follow
federal law they were practicing
A) federalism.
B) nullification.
C) popular sovereignty.
D) checks and balances.
15. Which of these is an example of sectionalism?
A) all states following the same laws
B) all states having separate economies
C) protecting America’s resources from foreign attack
D) celebrating patriotism with one’s family and friends
16. Which of these BEST describes the advice George Washington gave Americans about relationships
with foreign powers in his Farewell Address?
A) America should align itself with one foreign nation permanently.
B) America should never align itself with Britain in any international disagreements.
C) America should form permanent alliances of peace with as many foreign nations as possible.
D) America should form temporary alliances with foreign nations only in extraordinary emergencies.
17. Which of the following was a reason President Washington was opposed to political parties?
A) He feared political parties would cause people to work for their special interests rather than the
public good.
B) He was afraid of losing office to a new candidate.
C) He was afraid one party would dominate the other and overthrow the government.
D) He was afraid the nation would be split politically and, therefore, weak in the eyes of other
nations.
18. Which of the following was not an area of conflict between the Federalists headed by Alexander
Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans headed by Thomas Jefferson?
A) states’ rights
B) interpretation of the Confederation
C) common law
D) powers of government
19. How did Jefferson expand executive power as a Democratic-Republican president?
A) He supported actions like the Louisiana Purchase and the Embargo of 1807.
B) He joined forces with Hamilton to build the Bank of the United States.
C) He became a Federalist as a result of the XYZ Affair.
D) He established the principle of judicial review.
20. What was an outcome of Jay’s Treaty?
A) Hamilton’s resigning as secretary of the treasury
B) The impeachment of John Adams
C) America’s declaration of war on France
D) The solidification of the Democratic-Republican party
21. Which case best exemplifies the Federalist belief in implied powers?
A) Marbury v. Madison
B) Hamilton v. Jefferson
C) England v. France
D) McCulloch V. Maryland
22. How did Thomas Jefferson interpret the Constitution as president?
A) As a strict constructionist
B) As a author of the Articles of Confederation
C) Only in tandem with the Bill of Rights
D) As a loose constructionist
23. Which Federalist policy did John Adams not enforce?
A) The Bank of the United States
B) Implied powers
C) Jay’s Treaty
D) Alien and Sedition Acts
USHC-1.7
BT5
1. Read the quotation below and answer the question that follows.
We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of
Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional.
-McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819
Which was one important outcome of this court decision?
A. the principle of no taxation without representation
B. the establishment of a federal government
C. the strengthening of judicial review
D. the creation of a national bank
2. The case of Marbury v. Madison established the right of the Supreme Court’s right to declare laws
unconstitutional, which is also known as
A) judicial review.
B) reserved powers.
C) concurrent powers.
D) judicial restraint.
BT4
3. During his tenure on the Supreme Court, John Marshall
A) favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
B) reduced the power of the federal judicial branch.
C) increased the power of the federal government.
D) was a staunch advocate of states’ rights.
BT1
4. If the Supreme Court declares a law unconstitutional, which of these is the BEST action that can be
taken to remedy the situation?
A) The President can issue a veto.
B) Congress can amend the Constitution.
C) Congress can re-pass the law and hope the Court has changed its position.
D) People can organize mass demonstrations at the Court to try to pressure them to change their
position.
5. Which statement BEST summarizes the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Gibbons v Ogden?
A) Federal courts can declare presidential acts unconstitutional.
B) Congress has the sole authority to regulate interstate commerce.
C) The federal government cannot abolish slavery in new territories.
D) Establishing a national bank is a power of the federal government.
6. In which case did the Supreme Court FIRST exercise its right of judicial review?
A) Gibbons v. Ogden
B) Marbury v. Madison
C) McCulloch v. Maryland
D) Dred Scott v. Sanford
BT1
7. The Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of
A) the federal control of interstate commerce.
B) supremacy of the national government.
C) checks and balances.
D) judicial review.
8. The case of Marbury v. Madison established the right of the Supreme Court’s right to declare laws
unconstitutional, which is also known as
A) judicial review.
B) reserved powers.
C) concurrent powers.
D) judicial restraint.
9. The Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison established the
A) principle of federalism.
B) principle of judicial review.
C) power of a strong chief executive.
D) supremacy of the national government.
BT1
10.
· Marbury v. Madison
· McCulloch v. Maryland
· Gibbons v. Ogden
All of these landmark cases were heard under the leadership of WHICH Supreme Court Chief Justice?
A) John Jay
B) Earl Warren
C) Roger Taney
D) John Marshall
11. John Marshall was instrumental in establishing the principle that the Supreme Court has the authority
to declare laws and actions unconstitutional. This authority is called
A) habeas corpus.
B) judicial review.
C) diplomatic immunity.
D) executive privilege.
12. What is judicial review and what court case established it?
A) Judicial review is the power of the Supreme Court to declare acts of Congress and/or state
legislatures unconstitutional. It was established by the Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison.
B) Judicial review is the power of the Supreme Court to review presidential appointments. It was
established by the Court’s decision in Washington v. Smith.
C) Judicial review is the power of the president to oversee the appointment of judges and review the
job they are doing. It was established by the Court’s decision in Jefferson v. Black.
D) Judicial review is the power of Supreme Court to approve executive orders. It was established by
the Court’s decision in Korematsu v. US.
13. As Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, who worked to strengthen the Supreme Court and establish its
independence as a branch of the federal government?
A. William Marbury
B. James Madison
C. Samuel Chase
D. John Marshall
Standard USHC-2
USHC 2.1
BT1
1. Which characteristic is most commonly associated with the westward expansion of the United States?
A. industrialism
B. mercantilism
C. individualism
D. reformism
BT1
2.
Which area on the map was purchased from France in 1803?
A)
B)
C)
D)
3. In U.S. History, 19th Century use of the term "American Frontier" refers to
A) the area where pioneer settlement ended.
B) the Atlantic or Pacific coast of North America.
C) any territory beyond the thirteen original colonies.
D) the boundary between English and French settlements.
4. This treaty established U.S. claims to Florida and gave the U.S. access to the Pacific.
A) Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain
B) Convention of 1818 with England
C) Webster-Ashburton treaty with England
D) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Mexico
5. The policy of the US government toward the Indians in the period immediately prior to the Civil War was
to
A) drive them out of the country and into Canada.
B) move the Indian population on to reservations.
C) grant citizenship and voting rights to Indians.
D) require the education of Indian children in public schools.
6.
Historically, the map shown is relevant because it shows
A) the effect of the "Northwest Ordinance."
B) how the United States completed its "Manifest Destiny."
C) the migration of people out of the California territory.
D) the importance of the Gadsden Purchase in American History.
7.
Which letter on the map is CLOSEST to the area which the U.S. acquired in 1853, effectively completing its
Manifest Destiny?
A)
B)
C)
D)
8.
"This emigration should be voluntary, for it would be as cruel as unjust to compel the aborigines to abandon the
graves of their fathers and seek a home in a distant land. But they should be distinctly informed that if they
remain within the limits of the States they must be subject to their laws. In return for their obedience as
individuals they will without doubt be protected in the enjoyment of those possessions which they have
improved by their industry."
Which president was speaking about Indian removal in this inaugural address?
A) Andrew Jackson
B) James Buchanan
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) Martin van Buren
BT3
9. The policy of the US government toward the Indians in the period immediately prior to the Civil War was
to
A) drive them out of the country and into Canada.
B) move the Indian population on to reservations.
C) grant citizenship and voting rights to Indians.
D) require the education of Indian children in public schools.
10.
The red path on the map from Tennessee to Oklahoma is most likely showing what aspect of American
history?
A) The Erie Canal
B) The Trail of Tears
C) Transcontinental Railroad
D) 'Sherman's March' during the Civil War
11.
According to the map, the greatest impediment to people traveling from Illinois to California in the early
1800s was
A) the danger of Indian attack.
B) a likelihood of bad weather.
C) the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada Range.
D) inability to cross the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.
BT2
12. Which is an example of the concept of Manifest Destiny in action?
A) the Compromise of 1850
B) the Missouri Compromise
C) the Transatlantic Slave Trade
D) the annexation of Mexican territory
13. Diplomatic relations between American settlers and the Mexican government were increasingly tense
in the 1830s. All of the following were causes of this tension EXCEPT
A) the requirement that the Texans become Catholics.
B) increasing number of American immigrants in Mexican territory.
C) disagreement about trade tariffs between the United States and Mexico.
D) attempts by the Mexican government to restrict the importation of slaves.
14.
The map shown is suggesting that
A) nearly a majority of the people in California are Native American.
B) more Native Americans live in the American West than anywhere else.
C) Native Americans have been driven from the Midwest in the past century.
D) there are fewer people in the West than in the Northeast and Midwest combined.
BT4
15. The Louisiana Purchase of 1803
A) pushed the Spanish below the Rio Grande in North America.
B) resulted in increased conflict between the U.S. and France.
C) resulted in the removal of all British military forces from North America.
D) almost doubled the area of the U.S. and gave it control of the Mississippi River.
BT1
16. Which of these statements BEST describes "Jacksonian Democracy"?
A) a set of Executive Orders and laws designed to expand slavery
B) a strict set of policies designed to aid the poor, sick, and elderly
C) a government led by a strong president and that challenged the other Branches
D) a time in which the middle- and upper-classes held most of the power and influence
17.
"The plan of removing the aboriginal people who yet remain within the settled portions of the United States . . .
approaches its consummation. . . . an extensive region . . . has been assigned for their permanent residence. It
has been divided into districts and allotted among them. Many have already removed and others are preparing
to go. . . ."
Removal of Southern Indians to Indian Territory, 1835
This passage is MOST closely related to
A) Civil War.
B) Imperialism.
C) French Indian War.
D) Westward expansion.
18.
The area on the east side of the map is commonly referred to as
A) the ‘West’.
B) the ‘Sun Belt’.
C) the ‘Rust Belt’.
D) the ‘Great Plains’.
19.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was a major victory for
A) Mexico.
B) James Gadsden
C) The United States.
D) The Republic of California.
BT1
20. Which of the following statements most accurately describes Lewis and Clark’s contribution to
westward expansion?
A) “While it may have cost them their lives, their brave stand at the Alamo helped secure the
freedom of Texas and eventually open the entire southwest to US expansion.”
B) “Their brave journey opened our eyes to the Oregon territory and gave US leaders vision for
occupying the Pacific Northwest.”
C) “Thanks to their gold discovery, California did not have to wait as long as it otherwise would have
for statehood.”
D) “Their defeat of the Cherokee eliminated the threat of Native Americans attacking white settlers,
thereby opening up the West.”
BT5
21. Which of the following is true regarding western expansion during the 1800s?
A) The Native American population increased drastically as tribes gained access to better medical
treatment and more abundant food supplies on reservations.
B) Alliances between white settlers and Native Americans strengthened as treaties between tribes
and the US government enabled both cultures to develop mutual trust of one another.
C) Railroads were crucial because they allowed people to move west much faster and kept settlers
in contact with eastern resources.
D) Due to racism, African-Americans and foreign immigrants had no opportunity to play any
significant role out west.
22. What did Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan have in common in the 19th century?
A. They constituted the Midwestern industrial belt and were carved out of the Northwestern
Ordinance.
B. They all produced prominent Populist politicians who ran for president.
C. They were the sites of major strikes.
D. They were transformed by textile mills introduced by Samuel Slater.
23. What regional influence did the railroad have on industrialization?
A. Industrialization followed the railroads, which largely traveled east to west.
B. The North was ostracized from industrial development.
C. Industrial zones and urban centers became concentrated in the West.
D. Industrial capital was centered in Midwest banks.
24. How did the American West change as a result of the Homestead Act?
A. The West remained unexplored until the early 1900’s.
B. Most of the West was reserved as Indian Territory.
C. Industrial funds drained into the South along railroad lines.
D. American settlers claimed lands and quickly populated the West.
BT5
25. The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was important because it gave the United States control of which of
the following?
A. Mexico
B. Canada
C. The Rocky Mountains
D. The Mississippi River
USHC 2.2
BT3
1. How did the concept of manifest destiny affect the relationship between the United States and Mexico?
A. It inspired the defense of the Alamo.
B. It discouraged settlement in California.
C. It helped the United States justify the annexation of Texas.
D. It prevented the United States from taking control of the Gulf of Mexico.
BT4
2. During the 1800s, what was frequently cited as a justification for U.S. expansionist policies in clashes
with other nations?
A. Bill of Rights
B. Social Contract
C. Manifest Destiny
D. Gospel of Wealth
BT1
3. The Monroe Doctrine can be viewed as a moral opposition to
A) racism.
B) slavery.
C) communism.
D) colonialism.
4. The main idea behind the settling of western lands by Americans in the early-1800s was known as
A) Women's Suffrage.
B) Manifest Destiny.
C) the Industrial Age.
D) the Abolition Movement
5.
"Our policy in regard to Europe... remains the same, which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of
its powers; to consider the government de facto as the legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly
relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances the
just claims of every power, submitting to injuries from none. It is impossible that the allied powers should
extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness;
nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord.... If
we look to the comparative strength and resources of Spain and those new Governments, and their distance
from each other, it must be obvious that she can never subdue them. It is still the true policy of the United
States to leave the parties to themselves, in hope that other powers will pursue the same course. . . ."
President James Monroe, December 2, 1823
Which statement BEST explains the point of this passage by President Monroe?
A) The United States will declare war on Spain.
B) Mexico will soon be part of the United States.
C) The United States would be defeated in a war with Spain.
D) Latin America should not be retaken by European countries.
6. Manifest Destiny advanced the belief that
A) new territory would lead to more slavery.
B) God was on the side of American expansion.
C) the Democratic Party would elect the next President.
D) the U.S. should drive the English from North America.
7. Which of these BEST gives the time period associated with "Manifest Destiny?"
A) 1800-1830
C) 1860-1880
B) 1830-1860
D) 1880-1900
BT5
8.
American Progress, John Gast, 1872
This painting BEST relates what social philosophy?
A) Gilded Age
B) Great Awakening
C) Manifest Destiny
D) Women's Suffrage
BT1
9. The Monroe Doctrine (1823) COULD have been used in response to which of these events?
A) the French invasion of Mexico by Napoleon III
B) the secession of South Carolina from the Union
C) the removal of Indian cultures from the American west
D) the war with Mexico for control of the American southwest
10. The period immediately after the War of 1812 was known as
A) the Gilded Age.
B) Jacksonian Democracy.
C) Jeffersonian Democracy.
D) the Era of Good Feelings.
11.
"Our policy in regard to Europe... remains the same, which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of
its powers;... to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly
policy....
It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent
without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to
themselves, would adopt it of their own accord....
If we look to the comparative strength and resources of Spain and those new Governments, and their distance
from each other, it must be obvious that she can never subdue them. It is still the true policy of the United
States to leave the parties to themselves, in hope that other powers will pursue the same course...."
President James Monroe, December 2, 1823
Which of these would Monroe MOST LIKELY be referring to with the phrase "our southern brethren?"
A) Cuba
B) Texas
C) Mexico
D) Georgia
12. Whose message to Congress on May 11, 1846, stated that "Mexico has passed the boundary of the
United States, has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon American soil"?
A) President James K. Polk
B) President Andrew Jackson
C) President John Quincy Adams
D) President Theodore Roosevelt
13. The United States acquired Florida from Spain in which treaty?
A) Adams-Onis
B) Franco-American
C) Entente Cordiale
D) Webster-Ashburton
BT1
14. Two of the MOST important effects of the American victory in the War with Mexico were
A) the acquisition of Texas and Arizona.
B) the acquisition of California and New Mexico.
C) the death of General Santa Anna and the Mexican defeat at the Alamo in Texas.
D) the end of guerrilla attacks on Texas settlers and the removal of Mexican settlers there.
15. James K. Polk initiated a war with Mexico in order to
A) win independence for Texas.
B) obtain the California territory.
C) gain access to the Mississippi River.
D) get access to the gold discovered in Colorado.
BT1
16. Why did many northern politicians oppose annexing Texas after it won its independence from Mexico?
A) They feared it would be admitted as a free state, thereby disrupting the balance of power in
Washington and giving too much influence to those who opposed slavery.
B) They feared such an act of war by Mexico and would lead to war.
C) They feared it would become a slave state, and possibly several slave states, thereby giving
supporters of slavery too much power in the national government.
D) They blamed Texans for defeat at the Alamo and did not want to allow them to become part of
the Union
17. How would a member of the English Parliament have MOST LIKELY felt about the phrase “54/40 or
fight!”?
A) excited, because he would have wanted to retake territory lost during the American Revolution
B) irritated, because the British and US had agreed to occupy the Pacific Northwest jointly
C) angry, because the US and Great Britain had agreed to share territory in New Mexico
D) indifferent, because it referred to a land dispute between the US and Mexico
BT4
18. Under the Monroe Doctrine, how would the US have viewed a European power attempting to establish
colonies in the Americas?
A) as a friend, so long as it did not set foot on US territory
B) as a military aggressor moving against the interests of the United States
C) as a concern to be watched closely to make sure it did not try to move against the US once its
colony was established
D) as an ally to help the US achieve its “Manifest Destiny”
19. How did Manifest Destiny help rationalize the United States’ spread west?
A. It challenged European powers who would establish colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
B. It stated that Americans were destined to democratize the continent.
C. It granted pioneers land to develop in the West during the Civil War.
D. It caused Mexico to declare war on the United States.
20. What was a political outcome of the Mexican-American War?
A. Santa Anna was re-elected the president of Mexico.
B. B. James Polk resigned after the unlawful invasion of Mexican territory.
C. The United States gained the Louisiana Territory.
D. The Rio Grande was established as the American border with Mexico.
BT1
21.
On Manifest Destiny, by John L. O'Sullivan, 1839
The American people having derived their origin from many other nations, and the Declaration of National
Independence being entirely based on the great principle of human equality, these facts demonstrate at
once our disconnected position as regards any other nation; that we have, in reality, but little connection
with the past history of any of them, and still less with all antiquity, its glories, or its crimes. On the contrary,
our national birth was the beginning of a new history, the formation and progress of an untried political
system, which separates us from the past and connects us with the future only; and so far as regards the
entire development of the natural rights of man, in moral, political, and national life, we may confidently
assume that our country is destined to be the great nation of futurity.
Sullivan is suggesting that the United States
A) will not be truly free without abolition.
B) must have a social revolution to become great.
C) is meant to expand across the continent and become extraordinary.
D) is a nation built on historically successful political practices, guaranteed to succeed.
22. Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States was destined by God to
A. Derive great wealth from gold found in California.
B. Annex Mexico.
C. Settle all the western land up to the Pacific Ocean.
D. Convert all Native Americans to Christianity.
BT5
23. What was the significance of the Monroe Doctrine?
A. It demonstrated that the U.S. would not become entangled in European power struggles.
B. It started a war with Russia over Pacific territories.
C. It started a war with Spain over colonies in North America.
D. It embroiled the U.S. in a multitude of European conflicts, with only Britain remaining a consistent U.S.
ally.
USHC 2.3
BT1
1. Look at the graph below and answer the question that follows.
Bales of Cotton Produced in the South, 1729-1860
Which factor most encouraged the trend shown in the graph?
A. an increase of paid cotton workers in the South
B. the growth of industrial production in the South
C. the rise of textile manufacturing in England and the United States
D. an increase in the number of railroad lines that crossed the continent
2. Which region of the United States was the center of the nation's agricultural production in the early
1800's?
A) the West
B) the North
C) the South
D) the Mid-Atlantic
3. Known as the “sod buster,” this innovation greatly improved farming capabilities in the 19th century.
A) wind mill
B) steel plow
C) steam shovel
D) mechanical hoe
BT1
4. The cotton gin, new farmlands in the west, and the demand for cotton in northern and European textile
factories led
to
A) an increase in demand for slaves in the years leading up to the Civil War.
B) a decrease in demand for slaves in the years leading up to the Civil War.
C) the development of an industrialized southern economy.
D) the Missouri Compromise and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
BT1
5. After 1812 and before the Civil War, Southern planters opposed high tariffs on imported goods. Which
BEST
describes why Southerners fought these tariffs?
A) High tariffs caused Southern manufacturing to decrease.
B) Southern states wanted to purchase goods from the North.
C) The tariffs threatened the Southern institution of slavery.
D) Southerners wanted to buy less expensive goods from England
BT4
6.
·In 1790 there were six slave states; in 1860 there were 15.
·From 1790 until Congress banned the importation of slaves from Africa in 1808, Southerners imported 80,000
Africans.
·By 1860 approximately one in three Southerners was a slave.
Which event played the GREATEST role in creating these conditions in the South during the antebellum
era?
A) the Northwest Ordinance of 1789
B) the Dred Scott decision of 1857
C) the secession of South Carolina in 1860
D) the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793
BT1
7. Which event is the BEST example of a conflict over states' rights?
A) Trail of Tears
B) The War of 1812
C) Nullification Crisis
D) Election of Andrew Jackson
8. Which segment of the American population would have been MOST supportive of the Tariff of 1828?
A) The Freedmen, who were hurt by high rates of unemployment due to the tariff.
B) Southerners who were forced to pay higher prices on goods the region did not produce
C) Western settlers who saw the threat that the tariff posed to their efforts at industrialization.
D) Northerners who would experience increased industrial growth because of a decrease in British
imports.
BT1
9. In the early nineteenth century, why did the steps to industrialize take place in New England as
opposed to the South?
A) Agriculture in New England was not highly profitable.
B) The South did not economically benefit from cash crops.
C) Southerners were fearful of slaves working in factories.
D) New Englanders had an abundance of slaves to work in factories.
10. Who was the most vocal opponent of the Tariff of 1828 and advocated "State's Rights" and
"Nullification" in the growing sectional conflicts between North and South?
A) Henry Clay of Kentucky
B) Andrew Jackson of Tennessee
C) Daniel Webster of Massachusetts
D) John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
11. Which technological development led to an increased demand for slaves in the United States during
the early- to mid-1800s?
A) the steel plow
B) the cotton gin
C) the mechanical reaper
D) the combine harvester
12. The relative absence of enterprises engaged in manufacturing and finance prior to the Civil War in the
Southern states is MOST LIKELY due to
A) the dependence on cotton farming in the South.
B) the lack of cities with high populations in the South.
C) the South's refusal to use technology developed in the Industrial Revolution.
D) the South's inability to raise financial capital to engage in manufacturing activities.
13. Sectionalism can best be defined as what?
A) differences that arise between different regions of a country economically, culturally, politically,
etc.
B) migration patterns that occur as people leave one part of a country for another part
C) one part of a country choosing to break ties with the rest of the nation in order to be independent
D) a region’s decision to be economically self-sufficient
14. Which of the following lists describes the antebellum South?
A) factory system, supported tariffs, growing abolitionist movement
B) open to settlement, featured the Buffalo Soldiers, large numbers of immigrants
C) supported the Fugitive Slave Law, plantation system, opposed the Wilmot Proviso, supported
states’ rights
D) had slave states, home to a large number of immigrants, relied on manufacturing, supported
John Quincy Adams for president
BT5
15. How would a southern political leader in the 1800s have most likely felt about higher tariffs and a
strong central government?
A) He would have favored both because tariffs tended to raise the price of southern goods and
many Southerners believed a strong central government was needed to protect slavery.
B) He would have opposed both because tariffs tended to lead to other nations taxing southern
products as well as most Southerners believed strongly in states’ rights.
C) He would have favored tariffs but opposed a strong central government, because tariffs raised
the price of southern goods but a strong central government was seen as a threat to states’ rights.
D) He would have opposed tariffs but supported a strong central government, because tariffs
damaged the South’s ability to trade and raised the price of domestic products from the North but a
strong central government was seen as necessary to protect states’ rights.
16. How did the Indian Removal Act contribute to the Trail of Tears?
A. It opened thousands of acres of Western lands to new settlement by Americans.
B. It allowed Andrew Jackson to break treaties with Native American groups at his will.
C. It annexed Texas as new Indian Territory.
D. It established the Indian Territory in Oklahoma to which the Cherokee were removed.
17. In what region of the United States did industrialization begin?
A. Northeast
B. Southeast
C. Southwest
D. Northwest
USHC 2.4
BT1
1. Which was the MOST important development in voting rights in the U.S. in the early 1800s?
A) Native Americans were allowed to vote on a limited basis.
B) Women were allowed to vote with the passage of the 19th Amendment.
C) African-American males were allowed to vote with the passage of the 15th Amendment.
D) More white men were allowed to vote when the requirement of land ownership was repealed.
BT1
2.
"That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the
best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place!
And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no
man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man - when I could get it and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to
slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman?"
Sojourner Truth, 1851
Sojourner Truth makes an argument that combines
A) women's rights and abolition.
B) abolition and reproductive rights.
C) women's rights and women's suffrage.
D) religious tolerance and worker's rights
BT4
3.
· Frederick Douglass
· William Lloyd Garrison
· Sojourner Truth
All of these were prominent names in WHICH social movement?
A) women's suffrage
B) states rights
C) prohibition
D) abolition
BT1
4. Which of these BEST describes the efforts of William Lloyd Garrison?
A) organized an unsuccessful slave revolt in 1826.
B) advocated the settling of Liberia by freed slaves.
C) believed slavery should be phased out over a period of time.
D) urged immediate emancipation of slaves in the United States.
BT1
5. In the period before the Civil War, the principle of popular sovereignty meant that whether or not a
territory allowed slavery would be left up to
A) territorial legislatures.
B) the United States Congress.
C) the United States Supreme Court.
D) the President most recently elected.
BT5
6.
Two of the ten commandments deal death to slavery. "THOU SHALT NOT STEAL," or, "Thou shalt not take from
another what belongs to him." All a man's powers are God's gift to HIM. Each is a part of himself. All else that
belongs to man is acquired by the use of these powers [God-granted rights]. The interest belongs to him,
because the principal does; the product is his, because he is the producer. Ownership of anything is ownership
of its use. The right to use according to will is itself ownership.
The eighth commandment presupposes the right of every man to his powers [bodily and mental abilities], and
their product. Slavery robs of both.
Rev. Theodore D. Weld, 1837.
Which movement is Reverend Weld writing in support of?
A) the Revivalist Movement
B) the Abolitionist Movement
C) the Colonization Movement
D) the Women’s Suffrage Movement
7. During the Antebellum period, religion was used by many Americans to
A) justify the existence of slavery.
B) unify all churches against slavery.
C) allow slaves to become ordained ministers.
D) inspire slaves to spread Christianity in Africa.
8. Angelina and Sarah Grimke were sisters from South Carolina and are MOST notable as being 19th
century
A) abolitionists.
B) businesswomen.
C) politicians.
D) suffragettes.
BT1
9. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized a national meeting at Seneca Falls in 1848. The
primary purpose of this convention was to organize the
A) abolition movement.
B) temperance movement.
C) women's suffrage movement.
D) Native American assistance movement.
BT2
10. A reformer in the 1800s who subscribed to the publications of William Lloyd Garrison, was impacted by
the writings of Harriet Beecher Stowe, and moved by the speeches of Frederick Douglass would have most
likely been a member of what reform movement?
A) the temperance movement
B) the women’s rights movement
C) the abolitionist movement
D) the Second Great Awakening
BT3
11. Which of the following statements is an example of sectionalism?
A) The South relied heavily on slaves and the plantation system, while the North relied on immigrant
labor and factories.
B) the South’s decision to fire on Fort Sumter
C) Lincoln’s decision to be a Republican
D) Many African-Americans moved west to become cowboys, while others stayed in the South as
farmers.
12. “My natural elasticity was crushed; my intellect languished; the disposition to read departed; the
cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died out; the dark night of slavery closed in upon me, and
behold a man transformed into a brute.”
~from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
The passage explains the need in the 1800s for the implementation of
A. Abolition.
B. Temperance.
C. Slave codes.
D. The gang system.
13. Horace Mann was instrumental in the movement for
A. Abolition
B. Voting rights for women.
C. Public education.
D. Child labor laws.
Standard USHC-3
USHC-3.1
BT3
1. What did the Mexican Cession, “Bleeding Kansas,” and John Brown’s Raid have in common?
A. All were examples of Manifest Destiny.
B. All provoked increased debate over slavery.
C. All were sparked by conflict with Native Americans.
D. All helped Democrats win the ensuing presidential election.
BT2
2. What did the South gain from both the Compromise of the 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
A. an enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law
B. a provision to honor the Mason-Dixon line
C. the gradual elimination of slavery in the territories being added to
the nation
D. the use of popular sovereignty in making decisions about slavery
in the territories
3. The Supreme Court case that most clearly contributed to the start of the Civil War was
A) Roe v. Wade.
B) Dred Scott v. Sanford.
C) McCulloch v. Maryland.
D) Brown v. Board of Education.
BT2
4.
"The Legislation of the Republic is in the hands of this handful of Slaveholders. The body which gives the
supreme law of the land, has just acceded to their demands, and dared to declare that under the charter
of the Nation, men of African descent are not citizens of the United States and can not be — that the
Ordinance of 1787 was void — that the American Congress has no power to prevent the enslavement of
men in the National Territories — that the inhabitants themselves of the Territories have no power to
exclude human bondage from their midst — and that men of color can not be suitors for justice in the
Courts of the United States!"
--The Albany (New York) Evening Journal, 1857
The author in this editorial is reacting to the Supreme Court decision in
A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Worcester v. Georgia
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford
D) Thomas Richardson v. The City of Boston
5. How did many free African Americans living in Northeastern United States become slaves during the
Federalist period?
A) They were kidnapped and sold back into slavery.
B) They wanted to move away from the harsh winters in the North.
C) They voluntarily moved South to be slaves and live with family.
D) They believed the discrimination in the North was worse than being a slave in the South.
6. The Wilmot Proviso (1846) attempted to forever ban slavery in territories that were won as a result of
A) the Civil War.
B) the Mexican War.
C) the Louisiana Purchase.
D) the Spanish-American War.
BT4
7.
In 1860, the darkest area on the map above would have been LEAST likely to
A) use forced labor in its agricultural production.
B) vote for Abraham Lincoln for President of the United States.
C) push for expansion of slavery in western states and territories.
D) support the notion of "popular sovereignty" in the debate over slavery.
8. Which Supreme Court case raised the issue of a black slave who lived in a free state and questioned
whether slaves were free once they set foot upon Northern soil?
A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Worcester v. Georgia
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford
D) Nat Turner v. Virginia
9. In February of 1861, the seven seceded states met in Montgomery, Alabama, to
A) found the Confederate States of America.
B) discuss military strategy after the victory at First Bull Run.
C) decide how resources would be divided between the seven states of the Confederacy.
D) try to get Arkansas, North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee to join the Confederacy.
BT5
10.
· Triggered the "Panic of 1857" and resulted in several railroad bankruptcies and bank closures.
· Strengthened pro-slavery and secessionist support in the south.
· Made the question of extending slavery into new territories an unstable issue.
· Divided the Democratic Party on sectional lines and strengthened the Republican Party.
These statements are describing the effects of the Supreme Court's decision in
A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Worcester v. Georgia
C) Richardson v. Boston
D) Dred Scott v. Sandford
11.
Which issue would BEST explain the voting trend represented in this election map from 1860?
A) The Republicans promised increased industrial opportunities.
B) The Constitutional Union party stood for universal suffrage.
C) The northern states favored a stance of American neutrality in foreign conflicts.
D) The southern states refused to support Lincoln's stance against slavery's expansion.
12. When the admission of new states threatened the balance of free and slave states in the Union, which
Kentucky Senator drew up the "Missouri Compromise" in 1820?
A) Henry Clay
B) Andrew Jackson
C) John C. Calhoun
D) William H. Harrison
13.
"I therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and the laws the Union is unbroken, and to the
extent of my ability, I shall take care, as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that the laws
of the Union be faithfully executed in all the States. Doing this I deem to be only a simple duty on my
part, and I shall perform it so far as practicable unless my rightful masters, the American people, shall
withhold the requisite means or in some authoritative manner direct the contrary. I trust this will not be
regarded as a menace, but only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will constitutionally defend
and maintain itself."
This is an excerpt from
A) The Gettysburg Address.
B) The Emancipation Proclamation.
C) Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural Address.
D) The Constitution of the Confederate States of America.
14. Early in his Presidency, Abraham Lincoln declared that his primary goal as President was to
A) preserve the Union.
B) encourage sectionalism.
C) enforce the Emancipation Proclamation.
D) end slavery throughout the entire country.
15. Which Supreme Court case would have had the BIGGEST impact on slaves in the United States?
A) Marbury v. Madison (1803)
B) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
C) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
D) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
16.
"We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must
not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and
patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the
Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature"
--Abraham Lincoln, Inaugural Address, 1861.
"Our present position has been achieved in a manner unprecedented in the history of nations. It
illustrates the American idea that government rests upon the consent of the governed, and that it is the
right of the people to alter or abolish a government whenever it becomes destructive of the ends for
which it was established. The declared purposes of the compact of Union from which we have withdrawn
were to establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, to provide for the common defence, to promote
the general welfare, and to secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity; and when in
the judgment of the sovereign States now comprising this Confederacy it had been perverted from the
purposes for which it was ordained, and had ceased to answer the ends for which it was established, an
appeal to the ballot box declared that so far as they were concerned the government created by that
compact should cease to exist"
--Jefferson Davis, Inaugural Address, 1861.
Which statement offers the BEST conclusion that one can draw from these two inaugural speeches?
A) Davis believed the idea of secession was unconstitutional.
B) Both Lincoln and Davis were dedicated to the goal of preserving the Union.
C) Lincoln was prepared to use military force to prevent secession and keep the southern states in the
Union.
D) Lincoln's goal was to preserve the Union, while Davis's goal was to create an independent government
for the Confederacy.
17. The antebellum Republican party was distinct from the Democrats primarily in what way?
A) Only Southerners supported the Democrats, while Northerners supported Republicans.
B) All Republicans wanted to abolish slavery, while all Democrats supported slavery.
C) Republicans were united in their support of slavery, while Democrats were divided.
D) Republicans adamantly opposed the extension of slavery into new territories, while Democrats
were often divided on the issue.
18. Which of the following was not a result of the tension that existed in the US over the slavery issue prior
to the Civil War?
A) the Sumner-Brooks incident
B) John Brown’s raid
C) the South Carolina nullification crisis
D) “Bleeding Kansas”
19. How did John Brown’s actions accelerate the violence in “Bleeding Kansas”?
A) He supported the Ordinance of Nullification.
B) He led pro-slavery Missourians across the border into Kansas to vote.
C) His murder of five pro-slavery men prompted roving bands to kill over 200 people.
D) He arrested local leaders in Lawrence, Kansas for treason.
20. What conclusion can be made about the effect of the Dred Scott cases?
A) It effectively bolstered the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.
B) It resulted in less of a need for the Underground Railroad.
C) It received greater support in the North than in the South.
D) It prompted congress to pass legislation protecting the rights of slaveholders.
21.
Causes:
Event:_____________________
*Desire to organize new territories
*Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
*Desire to resolve the issues of expanding slaveholding
Effects:_________________________________________
*Missouri Compromise repealed
*Northern anger over spread of slavery to “free” land
*#############################################
*John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry
Which of the following BEST completes the “######” ?
A) Kansas and Nebraska become free states
B) Outbreak of violence in “Bleeding Kansas”
C) Fugitive Slave Act
D) Lincoln elected president
22. Why was the Missouri Compromise proposed?
A. To allow Missouri to become a free state
B. To make the land more suitable for farming
C. To keep the Senate balanced between slave and non-slave states
D. To admit Oregon to the Union
23. The Kentucky Resolutions advanced the idea of nullification, meaning that
A. The Supreme Court could nullify unconstitutional laws.
B. States could nullify the citizenship of any naturalized immigrant convicted of treason.
C. States could nullify federal laws that they deemed unconstitutional.
D. The federal government could nullify state laws it deemed unconstitutional.
USHC-3.2
BT2
1. In the fall of 1862, what was one immediate effect of President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation
Proclamation?
A) It ended the Civil War.
B) It created confusion in the South.
C) It abolished slavery in all states of the Union.
D) It led European countries to ally with the South.
2. Jefferson Davis played what role in the Civil War?
A) Union general
B) Confederate general
C) President of the Confederate States
D) Cabinet member of the U.S. government
3. Which American event played the GREATEST role in establishing the supremacy of the federal
government over the
states?
A) the Civil War
B) Shay's Rebellion
C) the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment
D) passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1965
4. Abraham Lincoln's biggest objective in the Civil War was to
A) end slavery.
B) save the Union.
C) destroy the South.
D) win the Election of 1864
5. Ulysses S. Grant’s early success came in the western theater of war, particularly in the successful 1863
siege of
A) Atlanta.
B) Mobile.
C) Richmond.
D) Vicksburg.
6. Which of these statements BEST describes the result of the First Battle of Bull run in July 1861?
A) The Confederates soon invaded the North with disastrous results.
B) The Union realized that the war would not end quickly and easily.
C) The Union was inspired by the outcome and quit recruiting soldiers.
D) The Confederates began considering drafting slaves into the military.
7. The Confederate army received a terrible and perhaps mortal blow to its leadership with the accidental
death of what general in 1863?
A) Robert E. Lee
B) J.E.B. Stuart
C) George Pickett
D) Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
8. The Union blockade during the Civil War
A) caused inflation and shortages in the South, especially for manufactured goods.
B) really had no effect on the South, since they were already agriculturally self-sufficient.
C) hurt the North most since they relied heavily on Southern cotton and agriculture for its own
manufacturing base.
D) could have greatly hurt the South, but did not, because the huge coastline was almost impossible to
effectively blockade.
BT3
9. Beyond abolishing slavery in the United States, the Civil War was a pivotal event in American history
because it
A) was a direct cause of the Spanish-American war in 1898.
B) established a military alliance between America and Great Britain.
C) established the supremacy of the national government over state governments.
D) allowed the United States to spread its borders westward to the Mississippi River.
10. Ulysses S. Grant’s early success came in the western theater of war, particularly in the successful
1863 siege of
A) Atlanta.
B) Mobile.
C) Richmond.
D) Vicksburg.
11. Which Civil War battle gave the Union Army complete control over Confederate rail lines in the "Deep
South" and set the stage for Sherman's "March to the Sea"?
A) Andersonville
B) Atlanta
C) Chattanooga
D) Chickamauga
12.
"But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground.
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to
add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget
what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they
who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great
task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we may take increased devotion to that cause
for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall
not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that
government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
Abraham Lincoln
Gettysburg Address
November 19, 1863
What is the unfinished work of which Lincoln speaks?
A) honoring the dead
B) dedicating this battlefield
C) ending the practice of slavery
D) fighting for the continuation of the nation
13.
"Our people are tired of the war, feel themselves whipped, and will not fight. Our country is overrun, its
military resources greatly diminished, while the enemy's military power and resources were never greater
and may be increased to any extent desired. ... My small force is melting away like snow before the sun."
--Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston, April, 1865
This quote from Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston was in reaction to
A) the Battle of Fort Sumter.
B) the Battle of First Bull Run.
C) General Ulysses S. Grant's siege at Vicksburg
D) General William Sherman's march through South Carolina
14. Which statement offers the BEST explanation for why General Sherman was more destructive on his
march through South Carolina than he was in North Carolina?
A) The Union was seeking revenge for the Battle of Fort Sumter.
B) General Sherman failed to supervise his troops adequately while in South Carolina.
C) South Carolina was viewed as a prime target because they were the first state to secede from the
Union.
D) General Sherman was seeking revenge for Union soldiers killed in South Carolina's prisoner of war
camps.
15. Which event played the greatest role in establishing the supremacy of the national government over
the states?
A) the American Revolution
B) Manifest Destiny
C) the Civil War
D) the New Deal
BT4
16. In the end, which of the following factors contributed to the South’s defeat in the Civil War?
A) Although the South had a larger population, its leaders lacked the organization to effectively
build an army.
B) The South could not overcome the superior military leadership possessed by the North.
C) The North had too many resources and too much manpower for the South to sustain its fight.
D) Many stopped fighting for the South after they heard that Lincoln had been killed.
BT2
17. Which of the following statements is true regarding African-Americans during the Civil War?
A) The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves prior to the end of the war.
B) Black units fought and served admirably in the Union army.
C) While African-Americans served admirably in segregated army units, they could not join the Union
navy.
D) Following the Emancipation Proclamation, many African-Americans withdrew from the Union
army to head west.
18. Which of the following is in the correct chronological order regarding events of the Civil War?
A) the South secedes, Lincoln is elected, the Gettysburg Address, Lee’s surrender
B) the South fires on Fort Sumter, South Carolina secedes, Lincoln is elected, the Emancipation
Proclamation
C) Gettysburg, Antietam, Stonewall Jackson’s death, Lee’s surrender
D) Lincoln is elected, the South secedes, Gettysburg, Lee’s surrender, Lincoln is assassinated
19. How did the war affect the Southern economy?
A) It rebounded during the war years through manufacturing.
B) It destroyed tis infrastructure, farm fields, and resulted in a shortage of goods.
C) It remained steady as people went to work making clothes for the army.
D )It increased the need for farm items resulting in higher profits for farmers.
BT5
20. Why was the Emancipation Proclamation limited in its scope?
A) It only applied to slaves living under the Confederacy.
B) It freed enslaved African Americans only for the course of the war.
C) It freed the slaves, but prohibited them from serving in the military.
D) It fostered negotiations between the North and South, bringing the war to an end.
21. What was the primary result of the Civil War?
A) The federal government was weakened.
B) Slavery was allowed to extend to the West.
C) The Union was preserved.
D) The Confederacy remained a separate nation.
22. Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired?
A) Fort Sumter
B) Vicksburg
C) Gettysburg
D) Antietam
23. Who was responsible for the March to the Sea that destroyed much of Georgia and South Carolina in
1864?
A. General Robert E. Lee
B. General Ulysses S. Grant
C. General George Meade
D. General William Tecumseh Sherman
24. The Emancipation Proclamation
A. Ended slavery in the United States.
B. Ended the Civil War.
C. Freed all enslaved persons in states under Confederate control.
D. Gave American women the right to vote.
25. Which states did not secede until AFTER the attack on Fort Sumter?
A. Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee
B. North Carolina and South Carolina
C. Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia
D. Virginia, West Virginia, and Ohio
USHC-3.3
BT2
1. What was one significant economic reason why the South remained poor after Reconstruction?
A. the physical damage to the South that resulted from the Civil War.
B. the shortage of labor as freemen left plantations for northern factories
C. the high taxes imposed on the southern states as punishment for secession
D. the money printed by the Confederacy that led to inflation in the South
BT3
2. How did the Freedmen's Bureau assist freed slaves in the South after the Civil War?
A. It helped them start small businesses.
B. It gave them each forty acres of land.
C. It set up a sharecropping system for them.
D. It created educational opportunities for them.
3. The actions of the Republican Party after the Civil War were more favorable to
A) Eastern fishing interests.
B) Northern industrial interests.
C) Western agricultural interests.
D) Southern agricultural interests.
BT2
4. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were all important additions to the Constitution
because they
A) repealed previous amendments.
B) granted more freedom to women.
C) addressed issues that contributed to the Civil War.
D) were passed over the objection of the majority of the population.
5. When it was created, the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution ensured rights for
A) women.
B) children.
C) Native Americans.
D) African Americans.
6.
School Totals for South Carolina
1876
Black Students: 123,085
Black Teachers: 1,087
1878
Black Students: 20,000
Black Teachers: 989
What is the BEST explanation for the figures represented in this information?
A) there was decreased interest in education
B) the Federal program of Reconstruction ended
C) the state education department had to cut funding
D) a migration of former slaves decreased state population
7.
Which statement BEST describes the essence of this chart?
A) Despite the many gains since the Civil War, blacks in the Reconstruction Era still struggled to find
political participation.
B) Because no Constitutional Amendments had been passed, blacks could not have any political
power in the South.
C) Blacks were proportionally represented in all Southern states at the Constitutional Convention.
D) The Freedmen's Bureau had been successful in gaining land and education for former slaves.
8. Which President oversaw the end of the Reconstruction Era?
A) Andrew Johnson
B) Abraham Lincoln
C) Ulysses S. Grant
D) Rutherford B. Hayes
BT4
9. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments reflected the growing 19th century American
trend of
A) granting universal manhood suffrage.
B) upholding rights of free speech and religion.
C) decreasing the power of the Federal government.
D) recognizing the basic civil liberties of all races.
BT5
10. Which statement BEST explains why Reconstruction ended?
A) African Americans were finally beginning to prosper financially.
B) Enforcement of Reconstruction Acts decreased because of political compromise.
C) Reconstruction was intended to be a short-term event that would end in 10 years.
D) Reconstruction policies were no longer needed when the Southern states rejoined the Union.
11. Northerners who relocated to the South after the Civil War were called
A) Carpetbaggers.
B) Copperheads.
C) Interlopers.
D) Scalawags.
12. Which BEST describes the way the Fourteenth Amendment affected the states?
A) States had to give all citizens, regardless of their race or religion, equal protection under the law.
B) States could no longer make any laws that were not approved by the federal government.
C) States had to pass laws that gave more rights to freed slaves than to other citizens.
D) States could no longer institute poll taxes or tests for citizens before they voted.
13. President Andrew Johnson's leniency with former Confederate officials and his veto of legislation
designed to provide civil rights and financial aid to former slaves angered
A) the Redeemers.
B) the Ku Klux Klan.
C) the Know-Nothing Party.
D) the Radical Republicans.
14.
"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or
by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
This amendment was created primarily for the purpose of
A) punishing southern states.
B) avoiding another Civil War.
C) granting former slaves suffrage.
D) granting women the right to vote.
15. The population growth in the American west following the Civil War was made possible mainly by
A) railroads.
B) telegraph.
C) telephone.
D) cattle ranching.
16. According the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, citizens of the United States are BOTH
A) people who are born here and people who move here.
B) people who are born here and people who are naturalized here.
C) people who are born here and people who obtain a driver's license here.
D) people who are born here and people who have a friend or family member living here.
17. Ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment meant which of the following?
A) Blacks had the right to vote.
B) Blacks, immigrants, and women had the right to vote.
C) Blacks were afforded citizenship.
D) Slavery was declared illegal.
BT5
18. What effect did the 13th Amendment have on the United States?
A) It changed elections by granting African-Americans the right to vote.
B) It ended the slavery debate forever by outlawing the institution throughout the country.
C) It helped the North win the Civil War by freeing the slaves in Confederate states while
maintaining slavery in the Union.
D) It granted land and the right to an education to freed slaves.
19. How did Southern states attempt to capitalize on free black labor before the Fourteenth Amendment?
A) They made sharecropping mandatory under Reconstruction governments.
B) They passed Black Codes that allowed indenture and prevented blacks from owning land.
C) They worked with the military to arrest black vagrants and force them to work their way out of
jail.
D) They nullified the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.
20. Read the headlines below and answer the question that follows.
“Freedman’s Bureau established”
“South divided into military districts”
“Thirteenth Amendment passed”
Which political program in the post-Civil War period is reflected in these headlines?
A) Reconstruction
B) Nullification
C) Manifest Destiny
D) Federalism
21. Which of following was NOT one of the Radical Republicans’ goals for Reconstruction?
A. Reconcile the South with the Union
B. Prevent leaders of Confederacy from returning to power
C. Make Republican Party a powerful institution in the South
D. Help African Americans achieve political equality
22. Jim Crow laws were designed to
A. Enforce segregation between the races.
B. Ban lynching in Southern states.
C. Prevent Exodusters from moving to the Great Plains.
D. Keep former Confederates in public office.
23. Poll taxes and literacy tests denied African Americans the rights guaranteed to them by the
A. Thirteenth Amendment.
B. Fifteenth Amendment.
C. Eighteenth Amendment.
D. Twenty-first Amendment.
24. Which of the following was given the task of feeding and clothing Southern war refugees during
Reconstruction using surplus Army supplies?
A. Ku Klux Klan
B. Peace Corps
C. Freedmen’s Bureau
D. NAACP
USHC-3.4
BT2
1. The Southern laws which ensured that blacks and whites attended separate schools, drank from
separate water fountains, attended separate churches, rode in separate railroad cars, and visited separate
parks and recreational facilities were BEST known as
A) Black Codes
B) Jim Crow laws
C) Populist laws
D) The Official Code of Georgia
2. The U.S. Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson, (1896) determined that segregation was acceptable
under the condition that
A) all children receive permission to attend the same school.
B) whites receive higher quality facilities and services than blacks.
C) the segregation laws did not spread outside of the Southern states.
D) the separate facilities or services for both races be of equal quality.
3.
(A)ll persons born in the United States... are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States; and
such citizens, of every race and color, without regard to any previous condition of slavery or involuntary
servitude... shall have the same right, in every State and Territory in the United States... as is enjoyed by
white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, and penalties, and to none other, any law,
statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, to the contrary notwithstanding.
1866 Civil Rights Act
This piece of legislation represents the political and social changes during
A) Prohibition.
B) World War I.
C) the Civil War.
D) Reconstruction.
4. William Simmons capitalized on the rampant anti-Semitism, anti-Catholicism, and nativism of the
1920s to revive which group that terrorized its victims through a combination of pageantry, costumes, and
violence?
A) the Ku Klux Klan
B) the Black Panthers
C) the Nation of Islam
D) the Aryan Brotherhood
5. What was the effect of the use of literacy tests throughout the South after the U.S. Civil War?
A) an increase in voter turnout by African Americans
B) the poor and African Americans not being allowed to vote
C) an increase in the power of the Republican Party in the South
D) the election of more African American government officials in the South
6. Lincoln's "10 Percent Plan" dealt with
A) his idea for instituting an income tax.
B) re-admitting Southern states into the Union.
C) his quest to reconquer only 10% of the South.
D) emancipating 10% of the slaves as an experiment.
7. What was the effect of the use of literacy tests throughout the South after the U.S. Civil War?
A) an increase in voter turnout by African Americans
B) the poor and African Americans not being allowed to vote
C) an increase in the power of the Republican Party in the South
D) the election of more African American government officials in the South
8. The actions of the Republican Party after the Civil War were more favorable to
A) Eastern fishing interests.
B) Northern industrial interests.
C) Western agricultural interests.
D) Southern agricultural interests.
9. Which of these would have been MOST likely to have a Carpetbagger during the Reconstruction Era?
A) a New York businessman who relocated to Mississippi
B) a former slave who was able to buy land in Birmingham
C) a Carolina-born politician who supported the Democratic
D) a former Confederate officer who owned a farm in Memphis
10. Presidential Reconstruction following the American Civil War can BEST be described as
A) a plan to re-admit southern states if ten percent of the population pledged loyalty to the United States.
B) a desire to punish those southerners responsible for causing and/or prolonging the war.
C) a desire to rebuild the country quickly and without ill feelings following the war.
D) a plan to fix the damage to the White House caused by the Civil War.
11. The purpose of Jim Crow laws was to
A) prevent black citizens from obtaining employment.
B) limit the religious activities of southern citizens.
C) create as much division between the races as possible.
D) make it illegal for black children to receive an education.
12. Following the Civil War and Reconstruction, which factor delayed the South's economic development?
A) few agricultural resources
B) a lack of major cities in the South
C) a high population of immigrant labor
D) few natural harbors and river systems
13. What is the name of the labor system that developed throughout the South after the Civil War kept
poor blacks and white working in agriculture?
A) antebellum
B) indenturing
C) sharecropping
D) convict lease system
BT4
14. In the first half of the 20th century, literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses were passed by
the southern states in order to
A) deny suffrage to women.
B) end the Reconstruction Era.
C) deny suffrage to African Americans.
D) help pay for the growing New Deal programs.
BT2
15. What effect did the end of Reconstruction have on African-Americans?
A) It presented them with more opportunities because it meant the end of racist policies.
B) It resulted in greater opportunities for education and the revival of the African-American church.
C) It led to oppression because southern states had more sovereignty and used it to implement
things like Jim Crow laws, literacy tests, and poll taxes.
D) It meant the loss of political influence because it made the Republicans more powerful and most
African-Americans were Democrats.
16. How did sharecropping undermine African Americans’ economic opportunities?
A) It established a system akin to slavery.
B) It forced sharecroppers to work together on one farm.
C) It split profits between multiple sharecroppers.
D) It prevented sharecroppers from working on other farms.
BT2
17. Which weakness in the Compromise of 1877 arguably allowed for the powerful rise of Jim Crow laws
and the KKK?
A) The ascension of Rutherford B. Hayes to the presidency
B) The lack of Radical Republican support
C) The withdrawal of military troops from the South
D) The repeal of the Fifteenth Amendment
USHC-3.5
1. Which group was founded in 1909 under the leadership of W.E.B. Dubois in an effort to combat racial
discrimination, racial violence, and segregation in the United States?
A) The Black Rights Coalition (BRC)
B) The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
C) The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
D) The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
BT2
2. Which of these BEST describes the differences between W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington?
A) Washington was an accommodationist and DuBois believed that blacks should have the same rights as
whites.
B) Washington wanted to negotiate with white leaders, but DuBois believed that total segregation was
needed.
C) Washington believed that blacks should peaceful protests while DuBois believed that violence was
necessary.
D) Washington believed that educating blacks could help society heal, while DuBois felt that education was
a waste.
3. Like Booker T. Washington, Marcus Garvey believed blacks in the United States should
A) leave the country and set up colonies in Africa.
B) educate themselves to be successful citizens and people.
C) rise up violently against those who would deny them rights.
D) look to Rastafarianism for their answers to life's problems.
4. W.E.B. DuBois was an early leader in the
A) Labor Movement.
B) ‘Free Soil’ Movement.
C) Civil Rights Movement.
D) Women’s Suffrage Movement.
5. Following the American Civil War, northern cities saw an increase in population thanks in part to
A) an increase in Asian immigration.
B) the flight of former slaves from the south.
C) the migration of former Confederate soldiers.
D) a decrease in southern industrial opportunities.
6. During the Harlem Renaissance, Jamaican Marcus Garvey advocated for African Americans to
A) move back to Africa.
B) embrace white culture.
C) adopt the methods of Booker T. Washington.
D) protest outside the White House for equal rights.
7. During his "Atlanta Compromise" Speech, Booker T. Washington MOSTLY tried to
A) make an independent state that would be for African Americans.
B) immediately gain equal rights for blacks and to end segregation.
C) force the government to give pieces of land to African Americans.
D) convince whites that blacks would not strive for immediate equality.
BT2
8.
"A ship lost at sea for many days suddenly sighted a friendly vessel. From the mast of the unfortunate
vessel was seen a signal, “Water, water; we die of thirst!” The answer from the friendly vessel at once
came back, “Cast down your bucket where you are.” A second time the signal, “Water, water; send us
water!” ran up from the distressed vessel, and was answered, “Cast down your bucket where you are.”
And a third and fourth signal for water was answered, “Cast down your bucket where you are.” The
captain of the distressed vessel, at last heeding the injunction, cast down his bucket, and it came up full
of fresh, sparkling water from the mouth of the Amazon River. To those of my race who depend on
bettering their condition in a foreign land or who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly
relations with the Southern white man, who is their next-door neighbor, I would say: “Cast down your
bucket where you are”— cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by
whom we are surrounded."
Booker T. Washington, 1895
In this passage, Washington is urging African Americans to
A) start a new life in South America.
B) work more closely with whites in the South.
C) start a revolution against the United States.
D) form groups to fight against the Ku Klux Klan.
9. Which organization was founded in 1900 by Booker T. Washington with the belief that "promoting
black-owned businesses was the key to economic advancement" for African-Americans?
A) the Niagara Movement
B) The Better Business Bureau
C) the National Negro Business League
D) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
BT2
10. From 1910 to 1930, many African Americans moved from the South to the North in a trend known as
the Great Migration. One of the main causes of this move was
A) economic hardships due to Southern overpopulation.
B) racism in the South that caused fear and suffering.
C) the promise of free housing and healthcare in the North.
D) an increase in the demand for agricultural work and products.
BT5
11.
Cast it down in agriculture, mechanics, in commerce, in domestic service, and in the professions. And in
this connection it is well to bear in mind that whatever other sins the South may be called to bear, when
it comes to business, pure and simple, it is in the South that the Negro is given a man's chance in the
commercial world, and in nothing is this Exposition more eloquent than in emphasizing this chance. Our
greatest danger is that in the great leap from slavery to freedom we may overlook the fact that the
masses of us are to live by the productions of our hands, and fail to keep in mind that we shall prosper
in proportion as we learn to dignify and glorify common labour, and put brains and skill into the common
occupations of life; shall prosper in proportion as we learn to draw the line between the superficial and
the substantial, the ornamental gewgaws of life and the useful. No race can prosper till it learns that
there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we must begin,
and not at the top. Nor should we permit our grievances to overshadow our opportunities.
--Booker T. Washington, The Atlanta Compromise Speech, 1895.
Which prominent Civil Rights leader would have disagreed MOST with Washington's approach to solving
the problem of racial inequality in the south?
A) Marcus Garvey
B) W. E. B. DuBois
C) Frederick Douglass
D) George Washington Carver
12. What was the effect of the use of literacy tests throughout the South after the U.S. Civil War?
A) an increase in voter turnout by African Americans
B) the poor and African Americans not being allowed to vote
C) an increase in the power of the Republican Party in the South
D) the election of more African American government officials in the South
BT4
13. Which of the following best describes W.E.B. DuBois’ view of Booker T. Washington?
A) He agreed with Washington on virtually every issue because he was one of Washington’s
disciples.
B) He agreed that the best hope for African-Americans was to focus on blue collar professions, but
he disagreed with Washington’s stance that segregation was an injustice.
C) He disagreed with Washington regarding what careers African-Americans should pursue and was
offended that Washington sanctioned segregation.
D) He did not trust Washington because Washington was a white politician and DuBois was an
African-American.
14. Because powerful political party leaders were controlling the election of senators, what change did the
Seventeenth Amendment make?
A. Party leaders were no longer allowed to vote.
B. Political parties were disbanded.
C. Senators were elected directly by the people.
D. Senators were elected by the state legislatures.
Standard USHC-4
USHC-4.1
1. What took place at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869?
A) massacre of Lakota Sioux
B) massacre of Cheyenne Indians
C) completion of Transcontinental Railroad
D) largest silver strike in American history
BT3
2. In order to help expand railroads throughout the country after the Civil War, Congress
A) brought in thousands of laborers from China.
B) provided railroad companies land free of charge.
C) spent tax money researching steam engine technology.
D) taxed the Confederate States heavily to fund construction.
3. What took place at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869?
A) massacre of Lakota Sioux
B) massacre of Cheyenne Indians
C) completion of Transcontinental Railroad
D) largest silver strike in American history
BT2
4. Which of the following helped to further the Westward Expansion in the United States after 1865?
A) California Gold Rush
B) Abolition of Slavery
C) Transcontinental Railroad
D) Lewis and Clark Expedition
5. Immigration to the United States during the 19th Century, due to construction of the transcontinental
railroad, PRIMARILY involved workers from
A. Australia
B. China
C. India
D. Italy
6.
Judging from the map, which area was likely to see the greatest percentage increase in urban population
due to the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad?
A.
B.
C.
D.
BT2
7. Following the Civil War, Industry began to expand westward thanks MOSTLY to
A. the increasing number of railroad that connected the east coast with the west coast.
B. an end to the immigration quotas that kept the population low during the mid-1800s.
C. the improving diets of Americans
D. foreign alliances with Europe.
BT5
8. Government Assistance in Settling Great Plains = Homestead Act; Morrill Act; XXXXXXXX
Which of the following could BEST replace XXXXXXXX?
A. Bonanza farming
B. Volstead Act
C. Promoting railroad construction
D. Promoting dry farming
BT2
9. Use the following passage to answer the following question.
“Our chiefs are killed….The little children are freezing to death. My people ….have no blankets, no
food….Hear me, my chiefs; I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight
no more forever.”
The passage above describes which of the following events?
A. The Battle of Little Bighorn
B. The Ghost Dance
C. The Dakota Sioux Uprising
D. The surrender of the Nez Perce
USHC 4.2
BT3
1. How did the federal government use tariffs in the late 1800s to help the United States grow into an
industrial power?
A. to tax U.S. industry as a source of federal income
B. to convince other nations to buy newly available U.S. products
C. to support U.S. businesses that imported the newest technologies
D. to discourage U.S. consumers from buying foreign-made products
2. Unions during the late 19th century did not enjoy great success or growth mainly because
A) workers rights were as plentiful as they had ever been.
B) unions and management enjoyed cooperation on all issues.
C) many industrial workers quickly became part of the middle class and no longer had to perform
physical labor.
D) there was a great diversity of skill and cultures in the labor force, so there was little bargaining
power to be won by unions.
BT5
3. Following the Civil War industry began to expand westward thanks MOSTLY to
A) the increasing number of railroads that connected the east coast with the west coast.
B) an end to the immigration quotas that kept the population low during the mid-1800s.
C) the improving diets of Americans.
D) foreign alliances with Europe.
4. ‘Standard gauge,’ ‘standard time,’ and the Pullman Car all had a tremendous impact on what industry?
A) airline
B) automobile
C) maritime
D) railroad
5. Which of these occurred as a direct result of the U.S.’s late-nineteenth century industrialization?
A. Women’s suffrage
B. Dangerous working conditions
C. Movement of affluent whites from urban to rural areas
D. Increased representation of the poor, working class in politics.
6. Which of these was an effect of the Industrial Revolution at the end of the nineteenth century in the
United States?
A. Rural population growth
B. An economic boom in the Northeast.
C. Safer and more sanitary working conditions.
D. Laws guaranteeing sweeping rights for labor unions.
BT4
7. Which of the following did not contribute to industrial growth following the Civil War?
A) new technology
B) the Bessemer Process
C) advances in the use of electricity
D) lack of immigration to the US
8. In general, how would “robber barons” have felt about tariffs and the Sherman Antitrust Act?
A) They would have favored both.
B) They would have favored tariffs but opposed the Sherman Antitrust Act.
C) They would have opposed both.
D) They would have opposed tariffs but favored the Sherman Antitrust Act.
BT2
9. Iron ore, running water, lumber, and oil are all examples of which of the following?
A) natural resources that helped the US become an industrialized nation
B) natural resources which the US lacked during the age of industrialization
C) natural resources used to produce electricity
D) natural resources to produce steel
BT2
10. How did industrialization affect the United States?
A) It encouraged the growth of small family farms.
B) It promoted westward movement
C) It caused mass emigration to Europe.
D) It initiated the rapid growth of cities.
BT4
11. Use the list below to answer the following question.
*”Let people do as they choose”
*Rely on supply and demand, rather than the government, to regulate prices and wages
*Free markets lead to greater efficiency and more wealth for everyone
*Low taxes ensure that private individuals, not the government, will decide how the nation’s wealth is
spent
*Free trade
Supporters of the above list would most likely agree with
A) The Democrats.
B) The Socialists
C) High tariffs on foreign goods.
D) Laissez-faire.
BT2
12. In the 1850s and 1860s, the federal government aided railroad construction by
A) Advertising overseas to attract immigrants to help build tracks.
B) Using tax dollars to fund many railroad projects.
C) Granting public lands to railroads to sell to raise funds.
D) Passing laws to legalize railroad monopolies.
USHC-4.3
BT2
1. Which philosophy of the early 1900s is expressed in the following quotation? Nature’s cure for most
social and political diseases is better than man’s. –Nicholas Murray Butler, President of Columbia
University
A. socialism
B. communism
C. Social Darwinism
D. Gospel of Wealth
BT2
2. The ending of the Pullman Strike is significant because it
A) demonstrated unions’ superiority and solidarity.
B) demonstrated the US government’s pro-business alliances.
C) showed that the US government was unwilling to get involved in business matters.
D) showed that unions and management could work together for the benefit of each other.
3. One effect of the Interstate Commerce Act (1877) was to put regulations on which industry?
A) farming
B) railroad
C) ranching
D) iron working
4. The ending of the Pullman Strike is significant because it
A) demonstrated unions’ superiority and solidarity.
B) demonstrated the US government’s pro-business alliances.
C) showed that the US government was unwilling to get involved in business matters.
D) showed that unions and management could work together for the benefit of each other.
BT3
5. According to the "Gospel of Wealth" supported by Andrew Carnegie and Horatio Alger
A) a graduated income tax is needed to reduce the gap between the richest and poorest members of
society.
B) the wealth and resources in a society should be equitably distributed among the members of that
society.
C) the accumulation of wealth is beneficial to society and the government should take no action to hinder
this accumulation.
D) the value of any product is determined by the labor that went into it and workers should be paid for the
value they create.
6. How did American industrial leaders accumulate their wealth during the late 1800s?
A. By developing new farming techniques.
B. By using mainly slave or forced labor.
C. By collective bargaining and forming unions.
D. By creating monopolies and establishing trusts.
7. All of these were problems created by late 19th century urbanization EXCEPT
A) a need for city planning.
B) a shortage of factory workers.
C) a lack of adequate transportation.
D) a need for an adequate water supply.
BT5
8. What is laissez-faire capitalism and how did its advocates appeal to Social Darwinism to support the
practice?
A) Government should regulate business. Its advocates appeal to Social Darwinism because it was
a philosophy that favors socialism.
B) Capitalism can only survive if people are happy. Its advocates used Social Darwinism to
demonstrate how discontent leads to destruction.
C) The economy does best when government does not get involved. Its advocates appealed to
Social Darwinism to illustrate that it is only natural for the best businesses/business leaders to
survive and excel while others fail.
D) The economy does best when monopolies are forbidden and workers are paid a fair wage. Its
advocates appealed to Social Darwinism as scientific evidence that monopolies and low pay are
bad for society.
9. Which of the following would have most affected John D. Rockefeller?
A) the Supreme Court’s ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson
B) the Sherman Antitrust Act
C) the Thirteenth Amendment
D) the writings of Upton Sinclair
BT2
10. How did business practices like vertical integration and forming monopolies most directly affect the
economy?
A) They inspired massive strikes that debilitated industrial output.
B) They consolidated the power of magnates like Andrew Carnegie.
C) They resulted in the creation of the Populist Party.
D) They forced many farm workers to move to the city.
11. Andrew Carnegie wrote, “The contrast between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the
laborer with us today…is not to be deplored, but welcomed as highly beneficial.”
Which idea is best reflected in this quotation?
A) Unionism
B) Capitalism
C) Grangerism
D) Populism
12. Which attempt by the government to regulate monopolies was eventually used against labor unions?
A) The Sherman Anti-Trust Act
B) Carnegie Steel
C) The Democratic Party
D) The Industrial Revolution
13. Why did some Americans in the late 1800s support monopolies?
A. Monopolies could potentially keep prices down, because increasing prices would encourage
competitors to come back into the marketplace.
B. Monopolies could potentially foster greater competition in the marketplace.
C. Monopolies could potentially secure quality goods.
D. Monopolies could potentially encourage standardization across industries.
14. During industrialization, a new business structure emerged called the corporation. Corporations are
organizations that
A. Have a monopoly on a product or service.
B. Sell stock to the public.
C. Earn profits for their workers.
D. Receive federal funding.
USHC-4.4
BT2
1. Which American political party is best represented by the diagram?
A. Populist Party
B. Republican Party
C. Progressive Party
D. Know-Nothing Party
BT4
2. Look at the graph below and answer the question that follows.
Child Labor, 1890-1930
What accounted for the trend shown in this graph?
A. a decrease in productivity after World War I
B. an increase in state minimum working ages
C. an increase in skilled laborers from immigration
D. a decrease in children's charitable organizations
3. Supporters of the Tariff of 1890, also called the "McKinley Tariff," argued that such measures would
protect domestic industries from foreign competition by
A) making imported goods more expensive to buy.
B) allowing greater exports of American goods overseas.
C) raising taxes on the wealthiest ten percent of America's population.
D) creating inflation to make American currency more valuable compared to foreign currencies.
4. The primary reason the United States issued the Open Door Policy was to
A) protect and broaden U.S. trade with China.
B) expand the concept of the Monroe Doctrine to Asia.
C) justify our taking the Philippines as a US colony.
D) justify the extension of American colonies into the Far East.
5.
Who won the election of 1896 on a platform of increased industrialization, higher wages, and the "gold
standard"?
A) William McKinley
B) Grover Cleveland
C) Theodore Roosevelt
D) William Jennings Bryan
6. The Populist Party was chiefly composed of
A. individual farmers
B. eastern businessmen
C. Northern abolitionists.
D. Advocates imperialism
BT2
7.
“The Condition of the Laboring Man at Pullman”
This political cartoon was published in the 1890s and points to the growing
A. power of unions is the United States.
B. concern regarding factory working conditions.
C. Involvement of government in private businesses.
D. Disparity in wages between laborers and industrialists.
BT5
8. The Populist Party was established in the 1890s to
A. Protect the political and economic interests of farmers and laborers.
B. Reduce the tax burden on the wealthy industrialist class.
C. Ensure that the U.S. stayed on the gold standard.
D. Support the candidacy of William McKinley.
9. Which statement best describes the situation between laborers and industrialist, with regards to
salaries, during the late-1800s?
A. Laborers wages rose but so did the expenses and the costs of living in industrial areas.
B. Industrialists were limited by Federal law to the amount of money they could earn.
C. Most captains of industry kept workers happy by improving their pay and giving them more
holidays.
D. Laborers were able to lead a successful string of strikes and force factory owners to pay them
better wages.
10. Which of the following statements best describes Populism?
A) a labor movement willing to use strikes to achieve its goals
B) an economic philosophy opposed to the abundant circulation of money
C) a political movement calling for reform and bimetallism
D) a popular movement calling for social, rather than political, reform
11. Falling farm prices and increased job opportunities in city factories were both contributing factors to
which post-Civil War trend?
A) the rise of agribusiness
B) the birth of textiles
C) US urbanization
D) mass European immigration
BT2
12. “It was a sight to behold. Why, I don’t know how they survived. Whole families sharing small rooms
with other families. The smell was horrible, and the Lord only knows what critters were living behind them
walls. I guess it’s good they work sixteen-hour days; ain’t no room for much except sleeping.”
The above quote is probably talking about what?
A) African-American sharecroppers
B) immigrants living in a tenement
C) robber barons living in an urban area
D) members of the Populism movement attending the Omaha Convention
13. Someone who wanted to see farmers make more money, wanted more “greenbacks” in circulation,
and hoped to see the dollar based on silver as well as gold would have likely been part of what movement
during the late 1800s?
A) the abolitionist movement
B) the populist movement
C) the peoples’ movement
D) the labor movement
14. What was a political outcome of immigration?
A) Federal restrictions on immigration based on country of origin were passed.
B) Tenements fostered unhealthy or dangerous living conditions.
C) Immigrants faced discrimination from Americans and other immigrants.
D) Immigrants settled in cities and rural areas in the West and Midwest.
15. Why did the Populist Party support government ownership of railroads and telegraph lines?
A. Government ownership would allow prices to fluctuate.
B. Government ownership would keep prices high.
C. Government ownership would keep prices stable.
D. Government ownership would create more railroads.
16. Populism faded when
A. The supply of gold money increased, making it easier for farmers to secure credit.
B. Demand for agricultural products grew, increasing farmers’ revenues substantially.
C. Agricultural shortages raised prices for farm goods, increasing farmers’ revenues.
D. Populists achieved all of their goals and farmers no longer needed the support of a political party
advocating for them.
USHC-4.5
BT5
1. Following Reconstruction, Democrats returned to power in the former Confederate states and renewed
the social and political oppression of southern African Americans.
What was one result of this situation?
A. African Americans became farm workers in the North.
B. Thousands of African American families migrated to the Midwest.
C. The Colonization movement settled African Americans in Liberia.
D. Southern African Americans refused to serve in the U.S. military.
BT4
2. Why did immigrants support political machines?
A. to have more educational opportunities
B. to reform city governments
C. to get better public housing
D. to gain employment
3. During the late 19th century, urban political “machines” and those that ran them
A) were only members of the Democratic Party
B) were nearly always first generations Americans
C) promised business contracts, government jobs, and money for the poor immigrants in exchange
for votes
D) uniformly supported labor rights and the rights of newly immigrated workers over management's
concerns.
4. In 1882, Congress passed an “exclusion act” which prevented the immigration of workers form what
country for 10 years?
A) China
B) Ireland
C) Japan
D) Mexico
5. Immigration to the United States during the 19th Century, due to construction of the transcontinental
railroad, PRIMARILY involved workers from
A) Australia.
B) China.
C) India.
D) Italy.
6. Who was the leader of the infamous Tammany Hall political machine in New York City who was
accused and convicted of stealing millions of dollars from the New York state treasury?
A) William Tweed
B) George Briggs
C) Thomas Whitney
D) Chester Arthur
BT2
7.
Which area on the map had the greatest urban population at the start of the Twentieth Century?
A.
B.
C.
D.
8. Thousands of African Americans left the south in the early-1900s to escape discrimination, racial
segregation, and Jim Crow laws in a movement that later became known as
A. The White Flight.
B. The Final Solution.
C. The Great Migration
D. The Urban Revolution
9. Upon arrival to the United States in the early 1900s, where were Chinese immigrants usually
processed?
A. Charleston
B. Los Angeles
C. Ellis Island in New York Harbor
D. Angel Island in San Francisco Bay
10. The U.S. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act to prevent immigrants from that country entering
the U.S. during the
A. Mid 1900s
B. Mid 1700s
C. Early 1800s
D. Late 1800s
BT5
11. Where did most political machines arise and receive the most support at the turn of the century?
A. Areas with large immigrant populations.
B. Areas with small immigrant populations
C. Areas where land is available to sell
D. Areas where Jim Crow laws were strictly enforced.
12. Which of the following did not evolve as a result of immigration?
A) nativism
B) cultural pluralism
C) the “Great Migration”
D) urban ghettos
13. What did the Chinese Exclusion Act and the Johnson-Reed Act have in common?
A) Both limited only Asian immigration into the United States.
B) They restricted African American migration into Northern cities.
C) They limited immigration, especially from Asian and Eastern European countries.
D) They prohibited farmers from getting industrial jobs.
14. Use the chart below to answer the following question.
New Social Classes of the Industrial Revolution
Industrial Middle Class
Included professionals and laborers
Characterized by vision, ambition, and greed
Industrial Working Class
Included men, women, and children
?????
Which of the following answer choices BEST completes the chart?
A. Fought for social change
B. Lived in the suburbs
C. Faced wretched working conditions
D. Enjoyed excellent living conditions and good pay
BT2
15. Use the list below to answer the following question.
overcrowding
poor sanitation
disease
poverty
crime
The conditions in the above list are all consequences of
A. Horizontal integration.
B. Rapid urbanization.
C. Western migration.
D. Unionization.
16. Most immigrants who poured into American cities in the late nineteenth century lived in dark, crowded
multifamily apartments called
A. Row houses.
B. Barracks.
C. Ghettos.
D. Tenements.
USHC-4.6
BT5
1. Look at the photograph below and answer the question that follows.
Why would these women participate in such a demonstration?
A. They believed food producers often sought profit over consumer safety.
B. They wanted to promote vegetarianism as a more healthful lifestyle.
C. They wanted to draw attention to the problems of homemakers.
D. They believed food-packing workers were unfairly paid.
2. Many historians consider Theodore Roosevelt's greatest achievement to be
A) making banking reforms.
B) preserving the gold standard.
C) establishing a solid trade policy with China.
D) promoting the conservation of natural resources.
3.
(by Joseph Keppler, 1899)
Which statement BEST summarizes the point of this political cartoon?
A) Politicians tend to ignore the needs of industry.
B) Big businesses carry too much power in government.
C) Regulation of commerce is against the people's will.
D) Precious metals are vital to the security of the country.
4.
· born in Jamaica in 1887
· founder of the Pan-Africanist movement
· hoped to created a "Back to Africa" movement for blacks
· an inspiration for the Rastafarian Movement
These are all describing
A) Marcus Garvey.
B) W.E.B. Dubois.
C) Hubert Harrison.
D) Booker T. Washington.
5.
1881- Jacob Riis publishes How the Other Half Lives, detailing tenement life.
1904- Ida Tarbell publishes articles criticizing Standard Oil Company.
____ - __________________________________________________________
1914- Edwin Markham publishes Children in Bondage, an exposé of child labor.
Which choice fits in the blank in this Progressive Era timeline?
A. 1903 – Helen Hunt Jackson publishes A Century of Dishonor regarding treatment of Native
Americans
B. 1906 – Upton Sinclair published The Jungle, criticizing the working conditions in the U.S. meat
processing industry.
C. 1912 – Theodore Roosevelt publishes The Square Deal in which he addresses problems in the
treatment of American unions.
D. 1913—Ralph Nader published Unsafe at Any Speed, criticizing the safety standards of the growing
U.S. automobile industry.
6. In obtaining passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt would likely
have encountered more resistance than the passage of the Hepburn Act because
A. the Hepburn Act strengthened existing government control of railroads.
B. the Hepburn Act supported the railroad industry's desire to deregulate.
C. the Pure Food and Drug Act weakened existing government control of the food industry.
D. the Pure Food and Drug Act supported the food industry's desire for government oversight.
BT4
7. Theodore Roosevelt is often called a "Progressive" President. Which of these would BEST be an
example of this label?
A. his refusal to seek a third term as President
B. he backed the construction of the Panama Canal
C. he supported passage of the Food and Drug Act of 1906
D. his willingness to send the American Navy around the world
8. Which Amendment to the U.S. Constitution changed the way that U.S. Senators were elected?
A. 10th Amendment
B. 13th Amendment
C. 15th Amendment
D. 17th Amendment
9. In 1902, President Roosevelt became involved in and supported the workers in a strike in what
industry?
A. coal mining
B. gold mining
C. oil drilling
D. automobile manufacturing
10.
· Women's suffrage
· tighter Child Labor laws
· land conservation programs
· "Trustbusting" of corporations
All of these are describing issues that were successfully addressed during which era?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Jacksonian Era
Progressive Era
Era of Prohibition
Era of Good Feelings
11. Which early 20th century reformer opened Hull House as a settlement house to help the poor and
immigrants?
A) Jacob Riis
B) Upton Sinclair
C) Susan B. Anthony
D) Jane Addams
BT2
12. Someone who fought for women’s suffrage would have been most supportive of which of the
following?
A) poll taxes
B) laissez-faire capitalism
C) the Fifteenth Amendment
D) the Nineteenth Amendment
13. Alice Paul wrote, “There will never be a new world order until women are a part of it.”
Which practice best reflects the concern expressed in this quotation?
A) Industrialization
B) Socialism
C) Women’s suffrage
D) Anarchism
BT2
14. How did muckrakers impact the Progressive movement?
A) They wrote books and articles that challenged big businesses.
B) They agitated for women’s suffrage.
C) They campaigned for Theodore Roosevelt’s re-election.
D) They pushed the Eighteenth Amendment through Congress.
15. How did child labor change as a result of progressive efforts?
A) Progressive legislation enabled younger children to support their families.
B) Laws were passed to allow children to work and go to school part-time.
C) Thirty states outlawed child labor by 1907.
D) Children received better pay and benefits.
16. What did Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Carrie Chapman Catt all have in common?
A) They opened settlement houses in New York and Chicago.
B) They worked for women’s suffrage beginning in the mid-1800’s
C) They wrote books addressing the Standard Oil Trust and meat packing industry.
D) They implemented Robert La Follette’s Wisconsin idea in the Oregon System.
17. Because powerful political leaders were controlling the election of senators, what change did the
Seventeenth Amendment make?
A. Party leaders were no longer allowed to vote.
B. Political parties were disbanded.
C. Senators were elected directly by the people.
D. Senators were elected by the state legislatures.
18. She opened the Hull House in Chicago in 1889 to help provide poor residents, mostly immigrants, with
medical care, recreation programs, and English classes.
A. Margaret Fuller
B. Jane Addams
C. Catherine Beecher
D. Margaret Sanger
19. Use the following passage to answer the following question.
“There would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy
and white—it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over
again for home consumption….There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from
leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about upon it.”
~Upton Sinclair, The Jungle
Which of the following was a DIRECT result of the publication of Sinclair’s book?
A. Meat Inspection Act
B. Formation of the Agriculture Department
C. Formation of the Bureau of Corporations
D. Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations
Standard USHC-5
USHC-5.1
BT2
1. What event is the best example of the use of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?
A. the United States intervening in the Dominican Republic to collect debts
B. the United States forcing Japan to open trade with American merchants
C. the United States imposing tariffs on produce imported from Panama
D. the United States creating spheres of influence on mainland China
2. From 1915-1934 the United States military occupied the country of Haiti. This action was an extension
of WHICH foreign policy statement?
A) Moral Diplomacy
B) Manifest Destiny
C) Roosevelt Corollary
D) Good Neighbor Policy
BT2
3. What is the MOST accurate Social-Darwinist defense for U.S. imperialism?
A) Robber Barons deserved new markets to sell their goods and expand their businesses.
B) Nations that considered themselves superior felt obliged to govern less-advanced nations.
C) The United States needed to test its military strength to make any necessary improvements.
D) The United States needed to compete with European nations to prove that the United States
was superior
4. Before the late 1800's, the United States did not seriously involve itself in overseas expansion largely
because it
A) did not have a navy and could not compete with Europeans.
B) believed imperialism was immoral and against Christian values.
C) was led by weak and indecisive presidents until the late 1800s.
D) was primarily concerned with westward expansion and internal problems.
5. The United States' acquisition of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii are all examples of latenineteenth century
A) imperialism.
B) isolation.
C) populism.
D) trade.
6. Which of these BEST explains the presence of the United States in China at the start of the 20th
Century?
A) The U.S. had helped Nationalists defeat the Communists there.
B) The U.S. wanted to ally with China to stop the spread of Japan.
C) The U.S. had won Pacific territories in the Spanish-American War.
D) The U.S. needed to secure trade with China for industrial resources.
7. In exchange for control of the Panama Canal Zone, the United States helped Panama declare its
independence from
A) Colombia.
B) Mexico.
C) Spain.
D) Venezuela.
8. Which statement offers the BEST support for Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy?
A) Roosevelt earned the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his leadership in Latin America.
B) Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy was very popular in the U.S., and he was elected to three terms in
office.
C) Roosevelt was successful in bringing parts of Latin America under control of the United States, including
Cuba and the Panama Canal.
D) "Big Stick" diplomacy had few strengths, and its main effect was actually an increase in revolution and
conflict in the Western Hemisphere.
BT3
9. The term "dollar diplomacy" primarily referred to
A) making new trade agreements with countries in Latin America.
B) helping Latin American governments raise the standard of living for its people.
C) establishing diplomatic recognition of the new governments throughout Latin America.
D) the use of political and economic power to advance and protect US economic interests.
10. Which statement BEST describes the position of American missionaries on the country's imperialism
in the late-19th and early-20th centuries?
A) Imperialism should be banned because it is against the word of God.
B) Imperialism should be banned because of the way natives were treated.
C) Imperialism is good because it gives the natives a chance to be converted.
D) Imperialism is good because it gives the natives a chance to get a good job.
11.
This cartoon is referring to
A) Jingoism.
B) Monroe Doctrine.
C) The Teller Amendment.
D) The Open Door Policy.
12. On what geographical area did the US concentrate in order to expand its influence during the late
1800s and early 1900s?
A) West America
B) Western Europe
C) the Indian Ocean
D) the Caribbean Sea
13. Following the overthrow of its monarchy in 1894, what territory was annexed to the United States in
1897?
A) Alaska
B) Hawaii
C) Panama
D) Puerto Rico
BT3
14. Which of the following was not a motivation/justification for US imperialism during the late 1800s?
A) isolationism
B) mercantilism
C) capitalism
D) social Darwinism
BT2
15. Why did many businessmen in the US who favored imperialism consider the Pacific to be so
important?
A) They feared the Japanese were planning an attack and wanted to strike first.
B) They could not compete in markets on the other side of the Atlantic and saw nations across the
Pacific as their last hope.
C) They wanted access to the foreign markets of China and Southeast Asia
D) War with Hawaii meant that the US needed to establish military bases close to the islands.
BT4
16. Read the headlines below and answer the question that follows.
 U.S. annexes Hawaii
 U.S. begins war with Spain
 U.S. gains control of Panama Canal
What political trend is reflected in these headlines?
A. Isolationism
B. Capitalism
C. Republicanism
D. Imperialism
17. Social Darwinism is BEST defined as which of the following?
A. The policy that the government should interfere as little as possible in the nation’s economy
B. An organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members interests
C. A belief in the “survival of the fittest,” meaning that the strong will survive and the weak will not
D. Extreme nationalism marked by aggressive foreign policy
18. Lester Frank Ward challenged the idea of Social Darwinism with the idea of Reform Darwinism.
Reform Darwinism stated that
A. People will evolve due to their environmental advantages.
B. Evolution is based on chance alone.
C. People succeed because of their ability to cooperate, not their ability to compete.
D. People succeed because of their ability to compete, not their ability to cooperate.
USHC-5.2
BT4
1. How did the results of the Spanish American War affect the expansion of the United States?
A. The war ended U.S. expansion because of the extraordinary costs
of the war.
B. The war allowed the United States to acquire the Texas territory.
C. The war led to increased U.S. expansion into South America.
D. The war gave the United States territories in the South Pacific.
BT2
2. The United States declaration of war on Spain in 1898 is an example of
A) the influence of the press on popular opinion.
B) the unanimous opinion of businessmen in favor of war.
C) the American people overwhelmingly opposing military action.
D) presidential action in the face of almost unanimous congressional opposition
3.
· Guam
· Philippines
· Puerto Rico
All of these territories came under the control of the United States following what conflict?
A) Mexican War
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) Spanish American War
4. In addition to Puerto Rico, which territories were acquired by the United States as part of the peace
treaty that ended the Spanish-American War?
A) Cuba and Guam
B) Cuba and the Philippines
C) the Philippines and Guam
D) the Philippines and Hawaii
BT5
5.
Use the diagram to answer the question.
Which BEST completes the diagram?
A) Communism
B) Imperialism
C) Liberalism
D) Nationalism
6. Which of these BEST represents the "Big Stick" in Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy?
A) U.S. Army
B) U.S. Navy
C) Square Deal
D) Monroe Doctrine
7. "Yellow Journalism" during the late 19th century was marked by
A) a decrease in readership.
B) over-reliance on facts and evidence.
C) a decline of the popularity of radio.
D) sensational headlines and questionable facts.
BT5
8. A major reason why the United States oversaw the building of the Panama Canal was to
A) fulfill our treaty obligations to Spain.
B) increase the prosperity of Central America.
C) insure the re-election of President McKinley.
D) increase the mobility of the U.S. naval fleet.
BT2
9. Cpt. Alfred Thayer Mahan influenced the U.S. to
A) create an air-based attack force.
B) avoid becoming involved in world affairs.
C) build-up their Navy and become involved in world affairs.
D) enter into treaties with Europe to prevent international conflicts.
10. In 1903 the United States purchased the rights to the Panama Canal from _______ in order to
complete its construction.
A) Colombia
B) France
C) Mexico
D) Spain
11. Which statement offers the best argument AGAINST Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy?
A) Roosevelt used America's military power in an unjust manner in his pursuit of our foreign policy goals.
B) Roosevelt's use of military threats angered Great Britain, France, and Germany and helped cause World
War I.
C) Roosevelt was successful in bringing much of Latin America under direct American control, including
Cuba and the Panama Canal.
D) "Big Stick" diplomacy had few strengths and its main effect was actually an increase in revolution and
conflict in the Western Hemisphere.
12. Which of the following did not contribute to the United States’ decision to declare war on Spain?
A) yellow journalism
B) the Platt Amendment
C) explosion of the USS Maine
D) concentration camps in Cuba
13. How did the US Navy change between 1890 and the end of President Theodore Roosevelt’s time in
office?
A) It became one of the mightiest navies in the world.
B) It declined because US leaders believed a strong army was more important.
C) It changed very little because isolationist politicians would not approve funds to build it up.
D) It came into being because prior to 1890, the US had no navy.
14. Factors Contributing to the Spanish-American War:
*Sympathy for the Cuban Revolution
*Need to protect U.S. investments in Cuba
*?????
Which of the following BEST completes the list?
A. Sinking of the Maine
B. Discovery of sugarcane on Cuba
C. Yellow journalism
D. Spain takes control of the Philippines
BT2
15. Use the passage below to answer the following question.
“Mr. President, the times call for candor. The Philippines are ours forever. And just beyond the Philippines
are China’s unlimited markets. We will not retreat from either. We will not abandon an opportunity in
[Asia]. We will not renounce our part bin the mission of our race, trustee, under God, of the civilization of
the world.”
~Senator Albert Beveridge, 1900
The ideals presented in the above passage can BEST be defined as
A. Realism.
B. Imperialism.
C. Laissez-faire.
D. Emancipation.
USHC-5.3
1. What tactic did President Theodore Roosevelt use to get the Panama Canal built?
A. He supported a rebellion against the Colombian government.
B. He forced the Colombian government to sign the 1903 Hay-Herran treaty.
C. He leased the canal zone from an international company.
D. He seized Panama from Spain after the Spanish American War.
BT2
2. In 1900, the United States advocated the Open-Door Policy because
A) it wanted to acquire several different territories in China.
B) it worried that European powers would limit foreign trade with China.
C) it worried that European powers would limit religious freedom in China.
D) it wanted the Chinese to allow more American businesses in their country
3. Which of these BEST exhibits how Theodore Roosevelt strongly agreed with the ideas of Alfred T.
Mahan?
A) the annexation of Hawaii
B) the invasion of the Philippines
C) the construction of the Panama Canal
D) the creation of this Square Deal policies
4. Why are Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson both considered to be ‘Progressive’ Presidents?
A) both were Democrats
B) neither advocated war
C) each vowed to continue the religious progress of the United States’ ‘Founding Fathers’
D) they both believed government could make laws that responded to and prevented social problems
5. Which term is used to describe the policy of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt towards Latin America
in the 1930s?
A) Moral Diplomacy
B) Dollar Diplomacy
C) Appeasement Policy
D) Good Neighbor Policy
6.
This image represents the reasons for the Open Door policy. Each person in this image represents
A) a country.
B) a politician.
C) an era in European history.
D) a region that makes up Asia.
7. Those who favored American imperial expansion in the late 19th and early 20th century believed it
would
A) provide bases for the U.S. Navy.
B) act as a buffer zone from invasion.
C) lower taxes on middle-class Americans.
D) provide places for camps for American prisoners.
BT2
8. Which statement offers the BEST support for Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy?
A) Roosevelt earned the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his leadership in Latin America.
B) Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy was very popular in the U.S., and he was elected to three terms in
office.
C) Roosevelt was successful in bringing parts of Latin America under control of the United States, including
Cuba and the Panama Canal.
D) "Big Stick" diplomacy had few strengths, and its main effect was actually an increase in revolution and
conflict in the Western Hemisphere.
9.
According to this map, at the time of the Open Door policy in China, a majority of the Yangtze River was
under the sphere of influence of which country?
A) United States
B) Great Britain
C) Russia
D) France
10. How did John Hay, the US Secretary of State who proposed the Open Door policy, respond to the fact
that no countries formally agreed to the Open Door policy?
A) He backed down and retracted the United States’ request for an Open Door policy.
B) He declared that the countries’ lack of response meant that they agreed to the policy.
C) He asked China to halt all trade in the Chinese Empire until an agreement was reached.
D) He amending the rules of the Open Door Policy multiple times until all countries were satisfied.
BT5
11. The MOST important result of the Spanish American War was that it
A) spread democracy to Latin America.
B) secured a safe source of raw materials for US industry.
C) set up a colonial empire for the U.S. and set the U.S. on the road to empire.
D) created the Monroe Doctrine and spread U.S. influence across the hemisphere.
12. In exchange for control of the Panama Canal Zone, the United States helped Panama declare its
independence from
A) Colombia.
B) Mexico.
C) Spain.
D) Venezuela.
BT5
13.
This cartoon is referring to the the American foreign policy of
A) investing money in Latin American countries.
B) isolating itself from international matters.
C) building a strong military in order to expand U.S. influence.
D) electing former military leaders as Presidents of the country.
BT2
14. Which of the following presidents based his foreign policy on the moral belief that it was the role of the
US to promote democracy in the world rather than acquire new territories?
A) William McKinley
B) Woodrow Wilson
C) William Taft
D) Theodore Roosevelt
15. “It must be built! Now that the US is responsible for territories on both sides of the Americas, our
ships must be able to travel quickly from ocean to ocean. By aiding the rebels against the Colombians,
our nation betters its chances of acquiring the land needed for this necessary construction.”
The above quote is talking about which of the following?
A) the Panama Canal
B) the Open Door Policy
C) the Colombian Waterway
D) the transcontinental railroad
16. What was the “Open Door policy?”
A) US foreign policy stating that only the US would be allowed to trade with nations in Southeast
Asia.
B) US immigration policy that allowed people to immigrate to the US freely
C) US foreign policy that insisted China be kept open to foreign markets rather than controlled by
imperial powers
D) Japan’s policy of open trade with western nations
17. How did the Boxer Rebellion backfire against the Chinese government?
A. China was forced to put down future rebellions.
B. The Chinese signed a treaty with foreign powers that curtailed its defenses.
C. The Boxers overtook the government.
D. Foreign powers used the Boxers to infiltrate the Chinese government.
BT4
18. How did the Roosevelt Corollary affect the relationship between the United States and the rest of the
Western Hemisphere?
A. It allowed the United States to retain Cuba as a colony.
B. It established America as the hemisphere’s policing power.
C. It forced Colombia to recognize Panama.
D. It allowed the United States to annex countries in Central and South America.
19. Which of the following most accurately describes the Open Door policy?
A. America’s willingness to open its borders to immigrants
B. America’s willingness to accept imports from foreign countries
C. America’s willingness to export goods to foreign countries
D. America’s support for all countries to trade with China
20. The United States assisted Panama in its quest for independence from Colombia because the United
States
A. Wanted to build a canal there.
B. Refused to sign a treaty with Colombia.
C. Favored smaller countries over larger ones.
D. Opposed Colombia’s human rights violations.
USHC-5.4
BT5
1. Look at the political cartoon below and answer the question that follows.
Which war is the cartoon most likely referring to?
A. Spanish American War
B. World War I
C. World War II
D. Vietnam War
BT2
2.
This American poster from 1917 is suggesting that the United States
A) should fight Germany to protect the borders of the U.S.
B) is far enough away from the conflict raging in Europe.
C) should stay out of European affairs.
D) will be invaded by a simian army.
3. Which of these is considered to be the "spark" which ignited World War I?
A) the invasion of Poland
B) the invasion of Belgium
C) the assassination of Franz-Ferdinand
D) the sinking of a British passenger ship
4.
As commander-in-chief of the American Expeditionary Force, General John J. Pershing played a major role
in the defeat of the Germans in 1918. Which of Pershing's decisions would prove MOST important in
guaranteeing the success of the AEF?
A) Pershing staged a series of costly amphibious assaults on the German-held beaches in Italy and
France.
B) Pershing split his forces up and assigned his divisions to reinforce British and French troops at
weak spots in the trenches.
C) Pershing followed the lead of the French and British commanders who had more experience in
the "trench warfare" that was common in World War I.
D) Pershing refused to allow British and French units to use his soldiers as replacements and
instead kept the AEF operating as an independent army under his command.
BT2
5. Which of these was a factor in the United States entrance in World War I?
A) the invasion of Poland
B) Japan's invasion of China
C) The Axis threat to the Panama Canal
D) German unrestricted submarine warfare
6. The purpose of Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" was to
A) state the U.S. goals in W. W. I.
B) encourage Italy to join the Allied Powers.
C) explain why the U.S. did not enter World War I in 1914.
D) explain the U.S. position concerning the Bolshevick Revolution in Russia.
7. The Sedition Act of 1918
A) were declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1921.
B) were designed to stop antiwar propaganda but were not enforced.
C) placed limitations on freedoms of speech and press.
D) passed over President Woodrow Wilson's veto.
8.
This cartoon refers to events surrounding what conflict?
A) World War I
B) World War II
C) the Korean War
D) the Vietnam War
9. Why is World War I often considered a prime example of total war?
A) It was an industrial war.
B) Propaganda was used effectively.
C) It was fought only on one continent.
D) Citizens were targeted during combat.
BT2
10. Which of these was the MOST direct cause of World War I?
A) the spread of communism
B) ethnic tensions in Europe
C) Japanese military expansion
D) independence movements in colonies
11. Which of these happened FIRST, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28,
1914?
A) France invaded Belgium.
B) Germany declared war on Russia.
C) Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
D) Russia mobilized its forces for a possible war.
BT3
12. Which statement BEST explains why United States entered World War I in 1917?
A) The Japanese launched a surprise attack on the U.S.
B) The U.S. citizens were calling for war against Germany.
C) The German navy had sunk the Lusitania that year.
D) The U.S. had evidence of a threat to its national security.
13. When World War I began, the official United States policy was
A) to enter on the side of the Allied Powers.
B) to remain militarily and politically neutral.
C) to support the Central Powers by providing war materials.
D) to support the Allied Powers while staying out of the war.
14. All of the following were long term causes of World War I EXCEPT
A) Colonial disputes.
B) Religious differences.
C) The drive for naval superiority.
D) Ethnic tensions within the Austria Empire.
BT4
15.
·Laid responsibility for The First World War on Germany.
·Dictated that Germany would pay reparations and disarm its military.
·Resulted in substantial loss of territory for Germany.
·Helped set the stage for European conflict that would eventually result in World War II.
Which event is being described by these statements?
A) The Munich Pact
B) The Treaty of Versailles
C) The North Atlantic Treaty
D) The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
16. Two nations sign an agreement stating that if one is attacked, then the other will consider themselves
attacked as well and both will go to war against the aggressor nation. These two countries have what?
A) moral obligations
B) an alliance
C) an embargo
D) an isolationist agreement
BT4
17. What were the “Fourteen Points?”
A) Wilson’s plan for peace following WWI
B) Germany’s reasons for fighting WWI
C) the Allies’ demands before accepting the Japanese surrender in WWII
D) Lyndon B. Johnson’s domestic program.
18. A nation decides to build up its armed forces and amass large numbers of the latest weapons in an
effort to intimidate other countries and deter them from engaging in any activity that would be considered
threatening. What is this an example of?
A) alliances
B) militarism
C) isolationism
D) ideology
19. Which factors caused WWI to explode into a major international conflict?
A. The League of nations and the Big Four
B. Mustard gas, trenches, submarines and tanks
C. Militarism, nationalism, alliances, and the arms race
D. Assassinations, armistice, and reparations
20. How did the arms race change as a result of technological breakthroughs prior to WWI?
A. Countries stopped accumulating weaponry after industrial technology plateaued.
B. Countries without arms industries formed alliances against countries with greater industrial power.
C. Most countries opted out of the arms race when mustard gas became available.
D. The arms race between European rivals intensified and became drawn out.
21. Use the list below to answer the following question.
Growth of nationalism
The military draft
Socialist labor movements
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The list shows events that led to
A. The Triple Alliance.
B. World War II.
C. The Russian Revolution.
D. World War I.
USHC-5.5
BT2
1. According to the Treaty of Versailles, what country was expected to pay for the damages in World War I?
A) Austria-Hungary
B) France
C) Germany
D) Russia
2.
Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
"After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating
liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all
territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited."
This passage began what era in the United States?
A) Red Scare
B) Prohibition Era
C) Civil Rights Era
D) Women’s Rights Movement
3. The Prohibition Era in the United States is generally associated with a ban on
A) alcohol.
B) communism.
C) free speech.
D) immigration.
4.
This photograph represents an opinion that
A) opposes the income tax.
B) supports voting rights.
C) supports the Civil Rights Act.
D) opposes the prohibition of alcohol.
BT2
5.
· authored the Fourteen Points
· served as United States President during all of W.W. I
· represented the United States at the Versailles Conference
Which president do these actions describe?
A) Herbert Hoover
B) Woodrow Wilson
C) Theodore Roosevelt
D) Franklin Roosevelt
6.
Based on this map, one can infer that women in the early 20th Century
A) were not allowed to vote in the Midwest.
B) did not have the benefit of suffrage in the western states.
C) had their voting rights protected by the federal government.
D) generally could not vote in states along the eastern seaboard.
BT2
7. The Sedition Act of 1918
A) were declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1921.
B) were designed to stop antiwar propaganda but were not enforced.
C) placed limitations on freedoms of speech and press.
D) passed over President Woodrow Wilson's veto.
8.
The men in the picture shown are gathering in their opposition to the ratification of the
A) 1st Amendment.
B) 10th Amendment.
C) 19th Amendment.
D) 26th Amendment.
BT5
9)
This cartoon is suggesting that the League of Nations would
A) lead to the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I.
B) cause the United States to lose World War I.
C) limit the president’s sovereign powers.
D) drag the United States into foreign wars.
Standard USHC-6
USHC-6.1
BT4
1. Look at the photograph below from the early 1900s and answer the question that follows.
How did the manufacturing of automobiles by the method shown in the photograph affect the U.S.
economy?
A. It caused high levels of unemployment.
B. It reduced the number of new industries.
C. It created more products at lower prices.
D. It started the growth of urban development.
BT3
2. Which contributed most to the Great Migration of African Americans to the North?
A. decreasing numbers of agricultural jobs in the South
B. improved transportation systems in the North
C. overcrowded conditions in southern cities
D. labor shortages in northern cities
3.
What was the significance of the Spirit of St. Louis (shown here)?
A) It dropped the first atomic bomb in 1945.
B) It was used by the Wright Brothers in 1907.
C) It was flown by Charles Lindbergh across the Atlantic in 1922
D) It was the only plane to survive the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941.
4.
This theater's GREATEST influence was during the
A) Lost Generation.
B) Prohibition Era.
C) Harlem Renaissance.
D) Counterculture Movement.
5. The increase in consumer spending during the 1920s was fueled in part by
A) higher taxes.
B) unemployment.
C) decreased land values.
D) overreliance on credit.
6.
In approximately what year did the urban population surpass the rural population in the United States?
A) 1900
B) 1910
C) 1920
D) 1930
BT3
7. The "Lost Generation" is a term that is often used to describe
A) the victims of the Armenian genocide in World War I.
B) soldiers who were unable to recover from World War I.
C) the German population that did not return from World War I.
D) artists and intellectuals who were disillusioned by World War I.
8. Which of these is LEAST associated with the 1920s?
A) flappers
B) football
C) jazz
D) speakeasies
BT3
9. It can be argued that radio's MOST important contribution to American life in the 1920s was
A) broadcast updates about the growing "Dust Bowl."
B) it helped to create a common culture in the United States.
C) people could keep posted on all news about the war with Japan.
D) those in the city could hear Broadway play instead of attending them.
10.
· Tortilla Flat
· The Grapes of
Wrath
· Of Mice and Men
· East of Eden
All of these are works by which American author?
A) John Steinbeck
B) William Faulkner
C) Zelda Fitzgerald
D) Zora Neale Hurston
11. In what is known as The Great Migration, large numbers of African Americans moved from the rural
south to northern cities, beginning in the early twentieth century. What motivated this large-scale
movement?
A) the Emancipation Proclamation
B) the opportunity to serve in the military in World War I
C) job openings due to industrial growth in northern cities
D) competition for jobs from immigrants moving into southern states
BT5
12. In the era after World War I and before the Great Depression, American towns grew rapidly because of
A) greater availability of information.
B) mass production of automobiles.
C) invention of electric lights.
D) increased use of airplanes.
13. Which of the following least contributed to the US becoming a “consumer society” in the 1920s?
A) ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment
B) mass advertising
C) installment plans
D) mass production
14. Saloons, vaudeville shows, the popularity of movies and spectator sports, and the use of public
transportation are all what?
A) common aspects of early 20th century rural life
B) activities outlawed under Prohibition
C) different parts of the “New Deal”
D) aspects of urban life in the early 20th century
15. Which one of the following was a product of the Harlem Renaissance?
A) the writings of Ernest Hemingway
B) the philosophies of Booker T. Washington
C) the writings of Langston Hughes
D) the service of the Tuskegee Airmen
BT5
16. How did mass media, such as radio, movies, and national publications, help transform US society
during the 1920s?
A) For the first time, the US began to form a national culture rather than simply regional ones.
B) People stopped watching television and began reading and listening to more music.
C) Citizens became more isolated.
D) It had little effect because few people could afford access to such media.
BT3
17. The Harlem Renaissance is best described by which of the following statements?
A) It was a political movement meant to give power to the common man.
B) It was a militant black movement meant to achieve civil rights for African-Americans by force.
C) It was an artistic movement among the African American community in literature, art, and music
D) It was a poem written by W.E.B. DuBois that called for social change.
18. The “Lost Generation” refers to which of the following?
A) musicians from Mississippi and Louisiana who introduced jazz to northern cities
B) writers who protested the materialism of the 20s.
C) young men who lost their innocence fighting in WWII
C) freed slaves who had nowhere to turn after the war
19. Use the list below to answer the following question.
Economic Growth and Prosperity
Mass production reduced prices.
New technology led to new industries.
???????
The list shows business innovations that led to U.S. economic growth and prosperity in the 1920’s. Which
of the following business innovations belongs in the box with the “????” ?
A. The invention of the railroad linked cities and towns across the U.S.
B. The development of the joint-stock company boosted investment.
C. New consumer goods fueled a manufacturing boom.
D. The growth of credit cards made it easier for consumers to finance purchases.
20. The Harlem Renaissance was a product of
A. The Great Migration, a movement of African Americans to the South.
B. The immigration of talented people from the west coast of Africa.
C. New anti-segregation laws.
D. The Great Migration, a movement of African Americans from the rural South to Northern cities.
USHC-6.2
BT5
1. What did women's suffrage and Prohibition have in common?
A. both were motivated by anti-communist sentiments
B. both were successful conservative Christian crusades
C. both were state laws in many parts of the country before becoming constitutional amendments
D. both were enacted as laws by Congress and then struck down by the Supreme Court as
unconstitutional
BT3
2. The creation of Prohibition had the unintentional effect of
A) causing people to turn to ‘harder’ drugs such as heroin and cocaine.
B) causing increased popularity of radical groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.
C) creating a network of organized crime that illegally supplied people with alcohol.
D) depleting the United States Treasury of revenues that would have come from taxes on alcohol.
3. During prohibition, bootlegging was popular in large cities. What were establishments that provided
alcohol called?
A) Saloon
B) Talkies
C) Speakeasies
D) Night Clubs
4. The Red Scare of the 1920s was caused primarily by
A) the influenza outbreak.
B) fear of airborne diseases.
C) the actions of Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy.
D) fear of communist infiltration of the United States.
5.
This photograph shows a woman protesting events during
A) World War I.
B) World War II.
C) the Cold War.
D) the Great Depression.
6.
" Just Like That!" by Talburt, Washington News, 1933
This cartoon references an action that would eventually be known as
A) the New Deal.
B) the Volstead Act.
C) the 21st Amendment.
D) the 18th Amendment.
7.
Based on this map, one can infer that women in the early 20th Century
A) were not allowed to vote in the Midwest.
B) did not have the benefit of suffrage in the western states.
C) had their voting rights protected by the federal government.
D) generally could not vote in states along the eastern seaboard.
8.
· Gangsterism
· the Eighteenth Amendment
· bootleggers
· speakeasies
All of these terms are associated with what era in American history?
A) Prohibition
B) World War II
C) Civil Rights
D) Women's Suffrage
9. Amendments 15, 19, and 26 all deal with suffrage. Suffrage is
A) income taxation.
B) the right to vote.
C) religious freedom.
D) freedom from slavery.
10. During the late 1800s and the early 1900s, women argued that the Fourteenth Amendment gave
them the right to
A) attend school.
B) bear arms.
C) divorce.
D) vote.
11. In the second half of the 19th century, the U.S. government allowed more immigrants into the country
MAINLY because
A) more soldiers were needed in the American military.
B) industries needed an increasing amount of cheap labor.
C) the World War in Europe was causing millions to flee their homelands.
D) western territories needed more settlers to explore for gold and silver.
BT3
12. Which of these best describes the term "flapper" in U.S. history?
A) women who worked in factories during World War II
B) women who campaigned for the abolition of slavery
C) women of the 1920s who listened to jazz, wore short hair and skirts, and challenged standards of
behavior for women
D) women in the early 20th century who marched for the right to vote, inherit property, and serve in
government institutions
13. In 1920 Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the ____ Amendment, earning it the nickname
"The Perfect 36."
A) 17th
B) 18th
C) 19th
D) 20th
BT3
14. How did World War I impact women in the United States?
A) Women received equal pay for equal work.
B) Women were prohibited from working as Red Cross volunteers.
C) Women worked jobs that had been held almost exclusively by men.
D) Women no longer held traditional jobs such as nursing or teaching.
15. Which one of the following people would have been most likely to be labeled a “flapper?”
A) a finance capitalist of the early 20th century
B) an immigrant drafted into the Union army
C) a progressive woman of the 1920s
D) a politician speaking out against the US’ involvement in WWI
BT3
16. “It is not only the negro who must be guarded against, but Jews, Catholics, and the endless parade of
foreign filth that invades our homeland, as well. We must protect the purity of our nation and our race.
The hope of America in every region is shrouded in a white sheet and carries a burning cross!”
The quote above most likely comes from whom?
A) a northern Democrat in 1920
B) a member of the Ku Klux Klan following WWI
C) a member of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction
D) a radical Republican
17. “Bootleggers” profited as a result of which of the following?
A) the Sherman Antitrust Act
B) Prohibition
C) the Sedition Act
D) the Nineteenth Amendment
BT4
18. Which of the following was not a result of the Red Scare that swept across the US following WWI?
A) fears about communism
B) increased membership in the Ku Klux Klan
C) suspicion of immigrants
D) more laws protecting free speech
19. After a long struggle for suffrage, women finally won the right to vote in 1920. Which amendment
granted women the right to vote?
A. Fifteenth Amendment
B. Eighteenth Amendment
C. Nineteenth Amendment
D. Twenty-first Amendment
20. The organization that eventually became the Federal Bureau of Investigation was originally formed to
A. Uncover German spies during World War I.
B. Raid the headquarters of radical organizations in order to look for evidence of a Communist
conspiracy.
C. Infiltrate unions to head off strikes.
D. Spread propaganda within the United States in support of World War I.
USHC-6.3
BT3
1. Which weakness in the American economy of the 1920s contributed to the Great Depression?
A. High taxation kept consumer spending at a low level.
B. The richest Americans speculated in the stock market.
C. Easy access to credit allowed many Americans to spend more than they earned.
D. Businesses were unable to find enough skilled workers to operate new production machinery.
2. In the 1920s, the United States experienced an economic boom due to, among other things,
A) the mobilization of the economy for war.
B) increased government restrictions on big business.
C) installment buying and an unregulated stock market.
D) the expansion of civil rights to women and minorities.
3. Which of these BEST describes how the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 affected America's
international trade relations?
A) It harmed America’s international trade relations.
B) It eliminated America’s international trade relations.
C) It improved international trade relations with old allies.
D) It established international trade relations with new countries.
BT3
4. The event generally considered the START of the Great Depression in the United States was
A) bank failures throughout major American cities.
B) the outbreak of the influenza epidemic.
C) the crash of the stock market.
D) the end of World War I
5. What was the lasting impact of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff enacted during the Great Depression?
A) The United States lost equal trading rights with countries in Europe.
B) The need for more American companies to move their facilities overseas.
C) The end of the use of high tariffs in 20th-century American trade policy.
D) The call for more intense regulations on goods produced within the United States
BT3
6. Which statement accurately describes President Hoover's initial response to the Great Depression?
A) He promoted the use of direct relief.
B) He opposed the construction of Boulder Dam.
C) He was cautious and encouraged cooperation.
D) He banned the use of the term "Hooverville."
7. The "Dust Bowl" was an ecological situation associated with
A) World War I.
B) World War II.
C) The Cold War.
D) The Great Depression.
8. Herbert Hoover's solution to easing the Great Depression was primarily to
A) lower foreign tariffs and thus increase foreign trade.
B) provide no help at all for American citizens or businesses.
C) help all levels of the economy, but in an amount consistent with a balanced budget.
D) provide some federal help to bankers, but leave relief for the poor to private charities.
BT4
9. Which of these contributed to the Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression?
A) stock market speculation
B) the effects of World War II
C) success of the U.S. farm economy
D) foreign boycotts of U.S. products
10. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Great Depression?
A) increased productivity without an increase in buying power
B) the growing gap between the rich and the working class
C) an increase in federal taxes and social programs
D) excessive stock speculation
11.
The rapid change in the percentage of unemployed people in the United States from 1927 to 1933 reflects
changes caused by
A) World War I.
B) the New Deal.
C) World War II.
D) the Great Depression.
12. The increase in consumer spending during the 1920s was fueled in part by
A) higher taxes.
B) unemployment.
C) decreased land values.
D) overreliance on credit.
13. Each of these statements about bank failures during Great Depression is true EXCEPT
A) thousands of banks across the United States closed.
B) New Deal reforms were put in place to insure deposits.
C) many people lost savings that were deposited in failed banks.
D) the crisis led to the end of government regulation of the economy.
BT5
14. Which of the following best describes the difference between President Coolidge and President
Franklin Roosevelt?
A) Roosevelt became president during the Great Depression, while Coolidge did not get elected
until after WWII.
B) Coolidge preferred to let the business cycle take its natural course, while Roosevelt would not
hesitate to engage in deficit spending to manage the economy.
C) Coolidge thought the Great Depression was no big deal, while Roosevelt thought it was a national
catastrophe.
D) Roosevelt was a conservative Republican who opposed direct relief, while Coolidge was a liberal
Democrat who often regulated business.
15. “Black Tuesday” refers to what event in US history?
A) the bombing of Pearl Harbor
B) the day John F. Kennedy was assassinated
C) the day the stock market crashed, marking the beginning of the Great Depression
D) the day the South seceded from the Union, setting the stage for the Civil War
BT5
16. What was the purpose of the FDIC established under the Federal Reserve Act in 1933?
A) to insure bank deposits up to a certain amount
B) to make it illegal for banks to close
C) to provide $2000/year in income to every US family
D) to provide electrical power to parts of the south that did not have it
17. Which of the following did not contribute to Franklin Delano Roosevelt being elected president in
1930?
A) the existence of “Hoovervilles”
B) the fact that many citizens relied on breadlines and soup kitchens
C) the TVA
D) Black Tuesday
BT4
18. Use the list below to answer the following question.
Effects of the Great Depression
Bank failures
Unemployment
Hunger
Hardship
?????
The diagram is BEST completed by which of the following?
A. Crime
B. Homelessness
C. World War II
D. Increased dependence on agriculture
BT3
19. Use the following passage to answer the following question.
“The cars of the migrant people crawled out of the side roads onto the great cross-country highway, and
they took the migrant way to the West. In the daylight they scuttled like bugs to the westward; and as the
dark caught them, they clustered like bugs near to shelter and to water. And because they were lonely and
perplexed, because they had all come from a place of sadness and worry and defeat, and because they
were all going to a new mysterious place, they huddled together; they talked together; they shared their
lives, their food, and the things they hoped for in the new country.
~John
Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath
The situation described in the passage above was mainly caused by
A. Droughts and dust storms.
B. World War I.
C. World War II.
D. Manifest Destiny.
USHC-6.4
BT5
1. Why did many urban industrial workers support the New Deal?
A. It nationalized city utilities.
B. It legalized collective bargaining.
C. It eased regulations on businesses.
D. It actively supported political machines.
BT3
2. Which segment of the U.S. population actually saw increased employment in the fields of education,
nursing, domestic service, and the textile industry during the 1930s?
A) White males
B) White females
C) African-American males
D) African-American females
3.
DeSoto State Park in Fort Payne, Alabama (pictured here) was created by a New Deal program called the
A) Agricultural Adjustment Administration.
B) Works Progress Administration.
C) Civilian Conservation Corps.
D) Tennessee Valley Authority.
BT3
4.
· Signed into law by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1935
· Created to support retirees over the age of sixty-five
· Also created unemployment insurance and welfare programs
· Workers and employers fund it by paying payroll taxes
All of these are describing which New Deal program?
A) Social Security Act
B) National Recovery Act
C) Fair Labor Standards Act
D) Public Works Administration
5.
The broom in this cartoon from early 1932 represents changes to the government, which people expected
FDR to make. These were changes that would
A) be ruled unconstitutional.
B) be known as the "New Deal."
C) start after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
D) later be known as "Big Stick" diplomacy.
BT3
6.
The cartoon from 1933 is expressing the belief that
A) FDR's programs are straying too far from American ideals.
B) the New Deal is succeeding in ending the Great Depression.
C) the New Deal was a failure in ending the Great Depression.
D) FDR needs to try to use some of the ideas created by Karl Marx.
BT4
7.
This editorial cartoon from 1933 is of the opinion that
A) Theodore Roosevelt needs to ban gambling in the U.S.
B) Theodore Roosevelt has successful economic policies.
C) FDR's programs can get the U.S. out of the Great Depression.
D) FDR's programs failed to deliver the promise of his campaign.
8. The event generally considered the START of the Great Depression in the United States was
A) bank failures throughout major American cities.
B) the outbreak of the influenza epidemic.
C) the crash of the stock market.
D) the end of World War I.
9. A bold set of programs proposed by FDR during the second half of his first term in office that was meant
to undermine critics on the left who thought he had not done enough was known as what?
A) the First New Deal
B) the Second New Deal
C) the Third New Deal
D) the Fair Deal
10. Franklin Roosevelt’s domestic program for addressing the Great Depression that featured deficit
spending and which was often criticized as either “too little” or “socialism” was called what?
A) the first hundred days
B) the Fair Deal
C) the New Deal
D) the court-packing scheme
BT3
11. Since the 1930s, the majority of the African-American community has tended to vote Democratic
rather than Republican. This trend is evidence of what?
A) the fact that African-Americans still remain loyal to Abraham Lincoln for issuing the Emancipation
Proclamation
B) policies put in place during Reconstruction
C) African-Americans’ tendency to credit the New Deal for better jobs and opportunities
D) the influence unions had over African-Americans after the Great Depression
12. Which of the following New Deal programs is INCORRECTLY identified?
A. The Civilian Conservation Corps created forestry jobs for young men.
B. The Tennessee Valley Authority financed rural electrification and helped the economy of a sevenstate region.
C. The Wagner Act limited industrial production and set prices.
D. The Social Security Act provided a monthly retirement benefit for people age 65 and over.
13. What political organization, formed from both parties, opposed the New Deal?
A. Federal Recovery Agency
B. American Liberty League
C. Civil Works Administration
D. Tennessee Valley Authority
Standard USHC-7
USHC-7.1
BT3
1. Why did President Franklin D. Roosevelt refrain from intervening in Europe during the rise of totalitarian
regimes in Germany and Italy?
A. A large portion of the American public did not support U.S. involvement in Europe.
B. President Roosevelt did not believe the U.S. military could defeat the German military.
C. The leaders of Britain and France did not want the United States intervening in European affairs.
D. President Roosevelt was afraid a prolonged war would further damage the weakened U.S.
economy.
BT5
2. Which agreement, signed by the United States and several other nations in 1928, renounced
aggressive war and prohibited the use of war as an instrument of national policy except in matters of selfdefense?
A) The League of Nations
B) The Munich Conference
C) The Kellogg-Briand Pact
D) The Treaty of Versailles
BT4
3. The main goal of the Japanese in their attacks against the United States in December 1941 was
A) to cripple the US Pacific fleet.
B) to divert US attention from the war in Europe.
C) to convince the United States not to enter the war.
D) to force the US to enter the war on the side of the Axis Powers.
BT3
4.
1931- Japan invades Manchuria.
1935- Italy invades Ethiopia.
1936- Germany militarizes the Rhineland.
1938- Hitler agrees to stop expansion at the Munich Conference.
Based on this chart, it is evident that a major cause of World War II was
A) the failed economic policies during the Great Depression.
B) the warlike attitude of countries in the Pacific Ocean region.
C) the failure of the League of Nations to stop the aggressive behaviors of some countries.
D) the reluctance of European countries to look outside of their borders after World War I.
5. A policy that tries to avoid foreign alliances and involvement is called
A) imperialism.
B) isolationism.
C) nationalism.
D) restrictionism.
6. The term used to describe the willingness of Britain and France to allow Hitler to repeatedly break
provisions of the Treaty of Versailles is
A) appeasement.
B) blitzkrieg.
C) lebensraum.
D) totalitarianism.
7.
· Annexation of Czechoslovakia
· Non-Aggression Pact
· Invasion of Poland
· Blitzkrieg
This list BEST summarizes events that led to the start of
A) World War I.
B) the Cold War.
C) World War II.
D) the Spanish-American War.
8. The United States became involved in World War II primarily because of events in
A) Asia.
B) Europe.
C) the Pacific.
D) South America.
BT3
9. The United States became directly involved in World War II following
A) Germany's attack on Britain.
B) the German invasion of Poland.
C) the sinking of the Lusitania.
D) Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor.
10. In the Spring of 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed into law a bill which allowed him to sell,
loan, or give war material to countries for their defense against Axis forces. This bill was known as the
A) Lend-Lease Act.
B) Cash and Carry Act.
C) European Recovery Program.
D) Destroyers for Bases Agreement.
11.
This World War II poster is suggesting that
A) freedom of speech might have its limits in times of war.
B) merely talking about issues involving the war is traitorous.
C) people who talk of the war but don’t help in the effort actually hurt the war effort.
D) people who talk badly of the war should be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.
12. President Franklin Roosevelt said that December 7, 1941, would "live in infamy" because on that day
A) Japan bombed Pearl Harbor.
B) France was invaded by Germany.
C) Japan invaded the Philippines.
D) German U-boats sank the Lusitania.
BT3
13. Which of these was a result of America's participation in World War II?
A) Both women and African-Americans won new job opportunities after the war.
B) The U.S. moved to a more isolationist position and focused primarily on domestic issues.
C) The U.S. owed large debts to England and the Soviet Union for war materials and supplies.
D) American involvement resulted in the unconditional surrender of Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union.
14. With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, what was President Franklin Roosevelt's official position for
the United States?
A) Neutrality
B) Side with Axis Powers
C) Side with Allied Powers
D) Sell arms to Axis Powers
15. Japan’s need for natural resources, its desire to expand its empire, and a fear that its plans might fail
if the US Navy intervened, were all factors leading to which of the following events?
A) the policy of appeasement
B) revolution in China
C) the bombing of Pearl Harbor
D) the Holocaust
16. Which of the following statements best describes President Franklin Roosevelt’s feeling regarding the
war just prior to Pearl Harbor?
A) He adamantly opposed war because he was an isolationist.
B) He understood isolationism but believed that the US could not afford to stay out of the war any
longer because its allies needed help.
C) He strongly favored the war because the US had been attacked by Japan.
D) He opposed war because he trusted Japan and had no idea the US would be attacked.
BT3
17. The United States under Roosevelt originally followed a policy of neutrality during the tensions leading
up to World War II because of the belief that
A. War is bad for business.
B. World War I arms sales had brought the U.S. into that war.
C. Tensions were not bad enough to produce a war.
D. Involvement in the conflict would make shipping U.S. goods overseas difficult.
18. Use the list below to answer the following question.
Anti-Communism Pact with Japan, 1936
Munich Agreement, 1938
Nonaggression pact with Soviet Union, 1939
The above events led to the aggressive expansion of which nation?
A. Germany
B. Italy
C. China
D. Japan
USHC-7.2
BT3
1. Read the quotation below by Eleanor Roosevelt and answer the question that follows.
I foresee some difficulty for some of the people who live at such great distances
and who have no car, no train, no airplane to ride, no way of using a car, of
reaching the centers where they can buy.
What effect of World War II on the U.S. home front was Mrs. Roosevelt referring to?
A. limited access to public transportation
B. shutdown of car production
C. price controls on goods
D. rationing of necessities
BT5
2.
The point of view of this poster is that
A) passage of the Civil Rights Act is needed.
B) racial equality is vital to United States prosperity.
C) cooperation by all will result in American World War II victory.
D) desegregation of the armed forces will cause victory in World War I.
3. Which case restricted Japanese Americans' rights during World War II by placing them in internment
camps?
A) Camp v. US
B) US v. Ju Toy
C) Korematsu v. US
D) US v. Wong Kim Ark
BT3
4. Most of the people in the internment camps in the United States during World War II were
A) African-Americans.
B) German-Americans.
C) Italian-Americans.
D) Japanese-Americans.
5.
This photograph shows U.S. residents at an internment camp during World War II. Many of these people
had been of what background?
A) Chinese
B) British
C) French
D) Japanese
BT3
6.
What role did "Rosie the Riveter" (seen here) play during World War II?
A) to persuade women to fight for equal pay
B) to persuade women to be as strong as men
C) to encourage women to enter the workforce
D) to encourage women to look after their families while husbands were away
7. Which of these is the MOST accurate description of the War Production Board (1942-1945)?
A) It controlled much of the American economy during World War II.
B) It failed in its attempt to put an end to the Great Depression.
C) It was created during the New Deal to give a boost to the economy.
D) It allowed the U.S. to mobilize quickly to defeat the Central Powers in World War I.
8.
This photograph depicts women learning welding in the 1940s. It shows that women
A) had achieved educational equality.
B) were not allowed into academic institutions.
C) were needed for the war effort in World War II.
D) had to work outside the home just to make ends meet.
9. During World War II, a widely adopted means of solving labor shortage problems in U.S. industry was to
A) employ women.
B) welfare reform.
C) use forced labor.
D) raise the immigration quotas.
10.
Which famous World War II unit, made up entirely of Japanese-Americans, bears the distinction of being
the most highly decorated military unit in American history?
A) the Flying Tigers
B) the Burma Panthers
C) the Red-Tailed Angels
D) the 442nd Regimental Combat Team
11. During World War II, which group was forced to uproot and move to American relocation centers?
A) Mexican Americans
B) African Americans
C) Chinese Americans
D) Japanese Americans
12. The treatment of Japanese Americans in the United States during WWII can best be described as
what?
A) unjust due to racism and suspicion
B) favorable due to open-mindedness
C) favorable due to government policies
D) harsh because most were guilty of treason
13. The WACS, Tuskegee Airmen, “code talkers,” and members of the 442nd were all examples of what?
A) units caught by surprise at Pearl Harbor
B) soldiers involved in combat in the Pacific
C) contributions made by women and minorities to the United States military
D) Mexican-American soldiers awarded the medal of honor in WWII.
BT4
14. Use the passage below to answer the following question.
“We drove past a barb-wired fence, through a gate, and into an open space where trunks and sacks and
packages had been dumped from the baggage trucks that drove out ahead of us. I could see a few tents
set up, the first rows of black barracks, and beyond them….rows of barracks that seemed to spread for
miles across the plain. People were sitting on cartons or milling around….waiting to see which friends or
relatives might be on this bus.”
The above passage describes which of the following?
A. Japanese internment camps
B. Peace Corps camps
C. Nazi concentration camps
D. Prisoner-of-war camps in the U.S.
USHC-7.3
1. How did the United States' goal in World War II differ from its goal in World War I?
A. The United States fought to end the war quickly.
B. The United States fought for unconditional surrender.
C. The United States fought to bring about a lasting peace.
D. The United States fought to preserve freedom and democracy.
2.
The darkened area in the map shows one of the nations which joined the United States in the Normandy
Invasion of 1944. This nation is (the)
A) Spain.
B) France.
C) Germany.
D) United Kingdom.
BT3
3. President Truman decided to use the atomic bomb on Japan in 1945 because
A) it was the last hope the U.S. had of winning the war.
B) Congress would not fund an invasion of the Japanese mainland.
C) it would prevent roughly one million deaths that an invasion of Japan would cause.
D) the Japanese were planning to use an atomic bomb of their own on the United States.
BT5
4. The overall purpose of the conferences at Casablanca (January 1943), Teheran (November 1943),
Yalta (February 1945), and Potsdam (July 1945) was to
A) devise a solution to stop the Holocaust.
B) design an atomic bomb to end World War II.
C) plan the Allied victory against Axis forces.
D) create a plan to drive Mussolini from Africa.
5. On June 6, 1944, a combined force of U.S., British, Canadian, and Free French soldiers landed in
A) France.
B) Germany.
C) Italy.
D) Japan.
6. The "Manhattan Project" was the code name for the
A) U.S. plan to invade Japan.
B) Allied plan to invade Europe.
C) U.S. plans to make an atomic bomb.
D) German plan to attack New York City.
BT4
7.
At this 1945 conference Harry Truman, Clement Attlee, and Joseph Stalin met to discuss how to
administer punishment to Germany following her unconditional surrender.
A) the Yalta Conference
B) the Atlantic Charter
C) the Teheran Conference
D) the Potsdam Conference
8.
At this 1945 conference, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met to discuss plans to govern postwar Germany
and to rebuild the war-torn nations of Europe.
A) the Yalta Conference
B) the Atlantic Charter
C) the Teheran Conference
D) the Potsdam Conference
BT3
9. The Potsdam Conference of 1945 marked the beginning of diplomatic conflict between the United
States and the Soviet Union because
A) Stalin demanded that German prisoners of war be executed as part of terms of the unconditional
surrender.
B) Stalin refused to surrender control of Polish territory that the Soviet military had seized during the war.
C) Stalin felt slighted that Truman had not informed him of the atomic weapons that the United States had
recently developed.
D) The United States confronted Stalin with evidence that Soviet troops had committed war crimes during
their advance toward Berlin in 1945.
10. Which two countries were on the side of the United States in World War I but were enemies of the
United States in World War II?
A) Italy and Japan
B) Russia and Italy
C) Germany and Japan
D) Austria and France
BT3
11. During World War II, conferences such as those held in Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam demonstrated that
A) the Soviet Union would be an obstacle to defeating Hitler.
B) the Allies were uncertain as to whether or not Hitler could be defeated.
C) only the United States was willing to provide troops to defeat the Japanese.
D) nations with different political ideologies could cooperate to defeat a common foe.
12. Which of the following represents a correct chronological order of events regarding WWII?
A) Mussolini invades Ethiopia, the Allies win victory in North Africa, Paris is liberated, Pearl Harbor is
attacked
B) Pearl Harbor, Battle of Britain, Battle of the Bulge, D-Day
C) D-Day, Hitler invades the Soviet Union, Pearl Harbor is attacked, Germany invades France
D) Hitler ascends to power, Pearl Harbor is attacked, the Battle of the Bulge, the atomic bomb is
dropped
BT3
13. What was the “Manhattan Project” and what effect did it have on the world after WWII?
A) It was the code name for Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union and it led to Stalin’s decision to
maintain satellite nations in eastern Europe after the war.
B) It was the code name for construction of the atomic bomb and it led to the development of
nuclear weapons and a nuclear arms race between the US and USSR.
C) It was the code name for the allied invasion of Europe and it resulted in Hitler killing himself and
the death of Nazism.
D) It was the code name for Hitler’s plan to eliminate the Jews and it ultimately led to a demand for
a new Jewish homeland and the founding of Israel.
14. D-Day refers to
A. The Allied invasion of Morocco.
B. The Allied offensive in the Battle of Midway.
C. The Axis bombing of London.
D. The Allied invasion of Normandy.
15. The Americans adopted the policy of island-hopping to
A. Acquire bases to move supplies and troops closer and closer to Japan.
B. Spy on Japanese military activity.
C. Acquire natural resources to further the war effort.
D. Force Germany to fight a war on more than one front.
16. What was the Manhattan Project?
A. The Manhattan Project was one of FDR’s New Deal programs aimed at bringing employment to
large cities.
B. The Manhattan Project was the code name for the D-Day preparations.
C. The Manhattan Project was the name of the American program to develop the atomic bomb.
D. The plan developed to invade Japan was called the Manhattan Project. Because of the dropping of
the atomic bomb, this invasion plan was never implemented.
USHC-7.4
BT3
1. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, what new action did the United States take to aid Jews?
A. It created shelter programs.
B. It recognized Israel as a state.
C. It helped locate lost relatives.
D. It provided monetary compensation.
2.
· April 1942
· 75,000 American and Filipino troops involved
· took place in The Philippines
· approximately 10,000 deaths
All of these are describing
A) the Battle of Luzon.
B) the Bataan Death March.
C) the Battle of Guadalcanal.
D) the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
BT5
3. What event resulted in death sentences for 12 Nazi war criminals and prison sentences for 8 others?
A) The Nuremberg Trials
B) The International Military Tribunal
C) The Truth and Reconciliation Commission
D) The United States of America vs. Otto Ohlendorf
4.
"Our many Jewish friends and acquaintances are being taken away in droves. The Gestapo is treating them very
roughly and transporting them in cattle cars to Westerbork, the big camp in Drenthe to which they're sending all
the Jews....If it's that bad in Holland, what must it be like in those faraway and uncivilized places where the
Germans are sending them? We assume that most of them are being murdered. The English radio says they're
being gassed."
- Diary of a Young Girl (1947), entry dated April 11, 1944
The quote is referring to what period in history?
A) World War I
B) The Holocaust
C) The Great Depression
D) The Russian Revolution
5. Which group was the MAIN target of the Nazis during the Holocaust?
A) Christians
B) Jews
C) immigrants
D) women
6. Which statement about the Holocaust is TRUE?
A) Children were not allowed in the concentration camps.
B) The Nazis avoided killing women and the elderly.
C) Jews were the main targets of the Nazis.
D) Most Germans tried to help the victims.
7. Which of these is the word coined by Raphael Lemkin in 1943 and means “the deliberate and
systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group?"
A) genocide
B) homicide
C) nationalism
D) prosecution
BT4
8. During his rise to power, Hitler gained popularity and helped stir extreme anti-Semitic sentiment by
A) convincing Germans that the United States was responsible for their many hardships.
B) making the people of Germany believe that the Soviet Union was going to attack them.
C) blaming the collapse of world trade and other economic failures on Jewish financiers.
D) destroying the rule of law in Germany so that Germans would seek retribution on each other.
9. During World War II, the United States assisted Jews in Europe who were threatened by Nazi policies by
A) forming the state of Israel.
B) establishing the War Refugee Board.
C) invading concentration camps and shutting them down.
D) allowing hundreds of thousands of Jewish refugees into the country.
BT3
10.
This image would have been MOST likely to have been found in the United States in which time period?
A) Cold War
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) Seven Years' War
BT3
11. Which was the MOST "symbolic" reason that Nuremberg was selected for the location of the "Trial of
the Major War Criminals" following World War II?
A) A large prison was part of the complex.
B) Berlin had been almost completely destroyed by Allied bombing.
C) Nuremberg was considered the ceremonial birthplace of the Nazi Party.
D) The Palace of Justice there was spacious and largely undamaged by Allied bombing.
12. The trials at Nuremberg were meant to accomplish which of the following?
A) avenge the Bataan Death March
B) provide justice for the Holocaust
C) put Adolf Hitler on trial
D) execute Tojo Hideki
BT3
13. In November 1945, the International Military Tribunal tried German leaders suspected of committing
war crimes at the
A. McCarthy hearings.
B. Nuremberg trials.
C. Potsdam conference.
D. Yalta conference.
USHC-7.5
1. Read the headlines below and answer the question that follows.
● U.S. Enters Korean War without Congressional Declaration
● Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Approved
Which political trend in the United States in the post-World War II period is reflected in these headlines?
A. the increase in judicial activism
B. the growing power of the presidency
C. the upsurge in the domestic anti-war movement
D. the rising threat of internal communist uprisings
2. In the years immediately following World War II, events in what country threatened to start a war
between the United States and the Soviet Union?
A) Cuba
B) Japan
C) Germany
D) Vietnam
BT3
3. The original purpose of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was to
A) prevent another world war.
B) create free trade between all nations.
C) provide for a defense pact against possible Soviet aggression.
D) form a 10-year plan for the economic recovery of Western Europe.
BT3
4. The purpose of the Soviet blockade of Berlin (1948-1949) was to
A) force West Germany to become communist.
B) force the US to end the Truman Doctrine.
C) prevent Easterners from going to the West.
D) starve West Berlin into submitting to Communist rule.
5.
What is the most appropriate title for this timeline?
A) Korean War
B) Vietnam War
C) World War II
D) Philippine Annexation
6. Which of those countries would have been "behind the Iron Curtain" during the Cold War?
A) France
B) Italy
C) Poland
D) Spain
7.
"I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted
subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures."
Harry Truman, 1951
In this quote from President Truman, the "outside pressures" which might attempt to subjugate free
peoples are most likely from
A) Latin America.
B) Western Europe.
C) Communist powers.
D) newly independent African countries.
8. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, U.S. President ____ and Soviet leader ____ almost took the world into
a nuclear war.
A) Carter, Brezhnev
B) Reagan, Gorbachev
C) Johnson, Khrushchev
D) Kennedy, Khrushchev
9.
"And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country.
My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the
freedom of man."
-- President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961
Which program BEST represents President Kennedy's statements?
A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) The Peace Corps
D) The Great Society
BT5
10. Which of these was NOT a component of the Marshall Plan?
A) investment in heavy industry in war damaged countries
B) the creation of a unified European currency to facilitate trade
C) providing aid to European economies to prevent the spread of Communism
D) removing trade barriers to foster the development of international commerce
BT5
11. This alliance of countries was created to attempt to stop possible Communist aggression against
member countries.
A) The League of Nations.
B) The United Nations (UN).
C) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
D) The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
BT4
12.
This comic book from 1947 is an example of
A) a work of propaganda.
B) a history of the Cold War.
C) art that urges social conformity.
D) literature banned during McCarthyism.
13. What country found itself divided into communist and non-communist zones at some point during the
20th century?
A) Canada
B) Germany
C) Thailand
D) United States
14. The Bay of Pigs resulted in which of these results?
A) the Soviet Union installed nuclear missiles in Cuba
B) U.S. forces withdrew from all Latin American countries
C) the United Nations demanded immediate Soviet withdrawal from Cuba
D) protests demanding US withdrawal from Cuba occurred on college campuses across the country
15. Which of these was a DIRECT result of the success of the Cuban Revolution in 1959?
A) Zapatista Movement
B) Bay of Pigs Invasion
C) Hungarian revolution
D) Berlin Wall construction
16. Why did President Harry S. Truman authorize the Berlin Airlift?
A) He wanted to evacuate US citizens from the city before launching a military invasion
B) He wanted to get needed supplies to West Berlin without going to war with the USSR.
C) He wanted to fly US military planes over Soviet territory to remind Stalin that the US possessed
the atomic bomb.
D) He felt it was necessary to convince Germany to surrender
17. The philosophy put forth by George Kennan which suggested that the US should accept communism
where it already existed and focus its efforts on preventing it from spreading was called what?
A) détente
B) containment
C) appeasement
D) diplomacy
18. The fear that if one nation falls to communism, then a neighboring nation is likely to fall; then another,
then another…is referred to as what?
A) McCarthyism
B) the Marshall Plan
C) the Red Scare
D) the domino theory
19. For roughly a quarter of a century it stood as a chilling symbol of the Cold War, the iron curtain, and
Germany’s division between communist East and democratic West. What was it?
A) the Warsaw Pact
B) the Berlin Wall
C) the Great Wall
D) the Kremlin
20. What policy was adopted by President Nixon that attempted to use diplomacy rather than shows of
military force when dealing with the Soviets and China?
A) the Nixon doctrine
B) the Nixon corollary
C) détente
D) brinkmanship
BT3
21. When former British prime minister, Winston Churchill, said, “…an iron curtain has descended across
the continent…” what was he referring to?
A) the threat Hitler posed to peace in Europe
B) Hitler’s invasion of France
C) the dropping of the atomic bomb
D) the postwar division between free/democratic western Europe and communist eastern Europe
22. What is one area in which the United States and the Soviet Union competed for superiority during the
Cold War?
A. Human rights
B. Automobile production
C. Housing development
D. Space exploration
BT3
23. Use the list below to answer the following question.
1945 = Soviet/U.S. division along the 38th
parallel
June 1950 = North Korean troops invade South
Korea
November 1950 = China intervenes
1951 = General MacArthur fired
The events listed above are associated with
A. The Vietnam War.
B. The United States invasion of China.
C. World War II’s Pacific Front.
D. The Korean War.
USHC-7.6
1. How did the American workplace change as a result of scientific and technological breakthroughs after
World War II?
A. Wages for most workers increased, but wages for managers decreased.
B. Opportunities for minorities to move into managerial positions expanded.
C. The number of factory jobs expanded due to the development of the assembly line.
D. The number of white-collar jobs increased, but the number of blue-collar jobs decreased.
2. How did the status of American women change in the decade following World War II?
A. They entered factory jobs created by new levels of consumer demand.
B. They started to earn salaries equal to men's salaries equal to men's.
C. They returned to the home as men returned from overseas.
D. They earned college degrees for the first time.
3.
· Born in Tupelo, Mississippi, January 8, 1935
· Recorded "Thats Alright, Mama" in 1954
· Sergeant in the United States Army
· Had 18 "#1 Hit Singles" and 38 "Top 10" records in his career
All of these are describing
A) Johnny Cash.
B) Otis Redding.
C) Elvis Presley.
D) Paul McCartney.
BT3
4.
Which of these phrases BEST summarizes the trend represented by this graph?
A) the effect of Chinese immigration on western states
B) the lack of manufacturing jobs to foreign competition
C) the transition from an agrarian society to an industrial nation
D) the resurgence of the south following the end of Reconstruction
5. The Fair Deal included twenty-one points, one of which was
A) ending the draft.
B) lowering prices on food.
C) raising the drinking age.
D) raising the minimum wage.
6.
The dramatic rise in Defense spending in the first half of the 1950s could be BEST explained by the United
States' involvement in
A) World War I.
B) World War II.
C) the Korean War.
D) the Vietnam War.
7.
The mid-1950s saw a migration from the industrial north east to the American south and southwest. This
area people moved to is often called the
A) ‘Sun Belt’.
B) ‘Rust Belt’.
C) ‘Bible Belt’.
D) ‘Humidity Belt’.
BT5
8. How did the Cold War contribute to economic growth in the United States?
A) America limited markets for its exports.
B) American defense spending remained high.
C) The Soviet Union traded more with the United States.
D) European countries failed to recover from World War II.
BT3
9. The National Defense Education Act (1958) was created to
A) educate students on the evils of the Soviet Union.
B) educate students on how to survive a nuclear attack.
C) provide scholarships to students who wanted to go to a US military academy.
D) improve the advancement of education in the areas of science, math, and foreign languages.
BT3
10. Which of these had the BIGGEST impact on the increase in 1950s consumerism?
A) movies
B) newspapers
C) radio
D) television
11.
Which of these phrases BEST summarizes the trend represented by this graph?
A) the effect of Chinese immigration on western states
B) the lack of manufacturing jobs to foreign competition
C) the transition from an agrarian society to an industrial nation
D) the resurgence of the south following the end of Reconstruction
12. Synthetic rubber, nuclear energy, computers, and pipelines, are all examples of what?
A. items rationed during WWII
B. items included in the US embargo against Japan that contributed to Japan’s decision to attack
the US
C. items developed by the Manhattan Project
D. innovative technology that was important during WWII
13. What effect did the “GI Bill of Rights” and the Cold War have on higher education?
A. Fewer people could afford to go to college as the government used money previously allotted for
school loans to increase the military and develop nuclear weapons.
B. The number of African-Americans who went to college drastically increased while the number of
whites who went to college decreased slightly.
C. More people started going to college and more emphasis was put on math and science.
D. Colleges and Universities experienced a decline in enrollment due to the Red Scare
BT3
14. Which of the following is the most accurate description of migration patterns following WWII?
A) Middle class whites tended to leave the cities to buy affordable houses in the suburbs, while
many blacks migrated north to urban areas
B) Southern blacks tended to occupy the suburbs, while whites and northern African-Americans
tended to move to inner-cities.
C) Suburbs shrank as people made more money and headed back to the cities.
D) Northern blacks often moved south in search of better jobs and to escape racism
15. Television shows, advertising, and even a number of “scientific” books tended to suggest that women
should fulfill what roles during the 19050s?
A) wife and mother
B) wife, mother, and member of the labor force
C) wife and career woman
D) single career woman
16. Which of the following statements is most accurate concerning technology developed during WWII?
A) It served a strictly military purpose and had little use after the war was over.
B) While important advances were made in radar and sonar, no medical advances of note occurred.
C) Some technological advances actually occurred by accident.
D) Although many technological advances occurred, computers were not invented until years after
the war.
17. Which one of the following did the “GI Bill of Rights” least contribute to?
A) more suburbs
B) McCarthyism
C) the “baby boom”
D) consumerism
18. Use the list below to answer the following question.
1981 = IBM introduces the personal computer
1985 = Microsoft introduces Windows 1.0
1989 = Berners-Lee invents World Wide Web
1990 = Microsoft sales of Windows 3.0 hit $1 billion
1993 = Browser introduction makes Internet accessible to everyone
What statement best summarizes the impact of this list of events?
A. Computer technology has led to a revolution in people’s access to information.
B. Computer technology began in government labs.
C. Microsoft has played a relatively small role in the computer industry.
D. Without Apple II, many people could not afford a personal computer.
BT5
19. Use the list below to answer the following question.
Effects of Interstate Highways
More efficient distribution of goods
A new road culture
???????????????????????????????
The interstate highway system, begun in the 1950s, changed American life in several significant ways.
Which of the following effects of interstate highways belongs in the bottom box of this list?
A. Growth of suburbs and urban sprawl
B. Cutback in government spending on the military
C. Further expansion of U.S. territory
D. Growing conflict between eastern and western states
20. Which of the following does NOT reflect the rise of the conservative movement in the 1950s and
1960s?
A. The presidential candidacy of Barry Goldwater
B. Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs
C. The election of Richard Nixon as president
D. William F. Buckley’s founding of National Review magazine
21. When Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus refused to obey the Supreme Court ruling on integrating
schools, who was responsible for enforcing the law in Arkansas?
A. The state police
B. The Arkansas National Guard
C. The Supreme Court
D. The President
22. Use the chart below to answer the following question.
Key Events of the Carter Administration
Creation of the Department of Energy
Ratification of Panama Canal treaties to give Panamanians control of
the canal
Boycott of 1980 Summer Olympic Games in Moscow
Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt
?????
Which of the following events BEST completes the list?
A. Iranian hostage crisis
B. Whip Inflation Now program
C. Mayaguez incident
D. Signing of the Helsinki Accords
E.
F.
Standard USHC-8
USHC-8.1
1. How did Martin Luther King Jr.'s strategy to achieve social justice differ from that of Black Power
advocates?
A. King worked with white leaders.
B. King opposed the war in Vietnam.
C. King organized marches and public demonstrations.
D. King supported voting rights for African Americans.
BT4
2.
This picture of Rosa Parks shows her arrest in 1955 Montgomery. Parks helped start a movement that
A) protested voting discrimination in Alabama.
B) resulted in the integration of lunch counters.
C) attempted to integrate Robert E. Lee high school in that city.
D) used economic pressure to try to affect political and social change.
3. Which organization was led by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.?
A) The Black Panthers
B) The Southern Christian Leadership Conference
C) The Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
D) The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
4. The purpose of the 1964 Freedom Summer Project in Mississippi was
A) to protest the escalation of the Vietnam War.
B) to help and encourage blacks to become registered voters.
C) to persuade the all state legislatures to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment.
D) to force the government to declare segregated transportation facilities unconstitutional.
5.
· Rosa Parks
· Malcolm X
· Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
· Jesse Jackson
These people are associated with what movement?
A) Cold War
B) Prohibition
C) Civil Rights
D) Women's Suffrage
6. How did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 affect racial segregation at public colleges and universities?
A) It did not affect racial segregation at public colleges.
B) It helped end segregation by hotels near public colleges.
C) It helped end segregation by restaurants near public colleges.
D) It prohibited segregation by institutions that received federal funding.
7.
We are here... this evening because we are tired now. And we are determined here in Montgomery to
work and fight until justice runs down like water, and righteousness like a mighty stream.
There is never a time in our American democracy that we must ever think we are wrong when we protest.
When labor all over this nation came to see that it would be trampled over by a capitalistic power, there
was nothing wrong with labor getting together and organizing and protesting for its rights. And now we
are reaching out for the daybreak of freedom and justice and equality.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
December 5, 1955
According to Dr. King's speech, which form of protest is he MOST likely supporting?
A) boycott
B) marching
C) picketing
D) rioting
BT5
8.
This editorial cartoon MOST likely refers to
A) the Voting Rights Act
B) Plessy v. Ferguson.
C) the Twenty-sixth Amendment
D) Brown v. Board of Education.
9. Which of these BEST describes the goal of the "Freedom Riders" during the Civil Rights Movement?
A) to allow blacks to become taxi drivers
B) to eliminate racial restrictions in air travel
C) to integrate public transportation in Alabama
D) to desegregate buses involved in interstate travel
BT4
10. Which of these BEST describes the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Topeka Board of Education?
A) it reaffirmed the decision of Plessy vs Ferguson
B) ruled that universities must be open to people of all races
C) Kansas schools were to be desegregated as an experiment for racial integration
D) declared that "separate but equal" facilities for based on race are inherently unconstitutional
11. Riots erupted in April of 1968 as a reaction to
A) the Tet Offensive in the Vietnam War.
B) the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy.
C) the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
D) the failure of the "Great Society" programs.
12. What effect did the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education have on segregation?
A. It reinforced segregation by upholding the concept of states’ rights.
B. It struck down segregation in public schools.
C. It had little effect on segregation because states neither acknowledged it nor implemented it.
D. It had limited effect because whenever states refused to follow it, the executive branch usually
refused to get involved and enforce the decision.
13. Which of the following was not a piece of legislation passed as a result of the civil rights movement?
A. Voting Rights Act of 1965
B. Civil Rights Act of 1964
C. Twenty-fourth Amendment
D. Twenty-fifth Amendment
14. Use the passage below to answer the following question.
“On February 1, 1960, four friends entered the Woolworth’s. They purchased school supplies and then sat
at the lunch counter and ordered coffee. When they were refused service, [Ezell] Blair [one of the students]
said, ‘I beg your pardon, but you just served us at [the checkout] counter. Why can’t we be served at the
counter here?’ The students stayed at the counter until it closed, then announced that they would sit at
the counter every day until they were given the same service as white customers.”
~From Civilities and Civil Rights
The above passage describes which of the following?
A. The Freedom Riders
B. Labor union strikes
C. The sit-in movement
D. Japanese internment
15. University of California Regents v. Bakke (1978) upheld which of the following?
A. Affirmative action
B. Land rights for Native Americans
C. Abortion rights
D. Civil rights
16. Use the chart below to answer the following question.
NOW
Stop-ERA
*Gives women greater educational
opportunities
*Gives equal pay for equal work
*Stops the exclusion of women from certain
professions and most levels of politics
*Destroys traditional American values and
social
patterns
*Takes away legal rights of wives, especially
in
divorce cases
*Takes away the right to have single-gender
colleges
Based on the chart information, how did the National Organization for Women (NOW) and Stop-ERA differ
in reacting to the proposed Equal Rights Amendment?
A. Stop-ERA wanted to change social patterns, while NOW resisted social change.
B. Stop-ERA supported the amendment, while NOW was against it.
C. NOW wanted new rights, while Stop-ERA feared losing existing rights.
D. NOW wanted more political power, while Stop-ERA wanted to repeal woman suffrage.
17. Under Gerald Ford’s administration, the economy suffered from
A. Boom and bust
B. Inflation
C. Stagflation
D. Depression
USHC-8.2
1. Which of these would have occured as a result of Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty?
A) A homeless person is provided space in a shelter.
B) A preschool age child receives a federally funded education.
C) A high school student receiving a federally funded college education.
D) An impoverished individual receives a direct payment from the government.
2.
·All persons shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, and
privileges, advantages, and accommodations of any place of public accommodation, as defined in this
section, without discrimination or segregation on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origin.
·All persons shall be entitled to be free, at any establishment or place, from discrimination or segregation
of any kind on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origin, if such discrimination or segregation
is or purports to be required by any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, rule, or order of a State or any
agency or political subdivision thereof.
·It is unlawful to deny the right of any individual to vote in any Federal election because of an error or
omission on any record or paper relating to any application, registration, or other act requisite to voting,
if such error or omission is not material in determining whether such individual is qualified under State
law to vote in such election.
--The Civil Rights Act of 1964
What is the BEST conclusion that can be drawn from this excerpt from the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
A) The federal government secured passage of this legislation because all of the states supported it.
B) The federal government intended to put an end to segregation and discrimination in the United States.
C) The southern states were successful in blocking the federal government from desegregating public
facilities.
D) The southern states were able to reach a compromise with northern Republicans in order to secure
passage of the Act.
3.
· War on Poverty
· Medicaid
· Medicare
· National Endowment for the Humanities
All of these terms were part of the “Great Society” programs during the administration of
A) Harry Truman.
B) John F. Kennedy.
C) Lyndon B. Johnson.
D) Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
4.
"The third great goal is to continue the effort so dramatically begun last year: to restore and enhance our
natural environment... I will propose a strong new set of initiatives to clean up our air and water, to
combat noise, and to preserve and restore our surroundings. I will propose programs to make better use
of our land, to encourage a balanced national growth... that will revitalize our rural heartland and
enhance the quality of life in America. And not only to meet today's needs but to anticipate those of
tomorrow, I will put forward the most extensive program ever proposed by a President of the United
States to expand the Nation's parks, recreation areas, open spaces, in a way that truly brings parks to
the people where the people are. For only if we leave a legacy of parks will the next generation have
parks to enjoy."
-from Richard Nixon's 'State of the Union" Address, January 22, 1971
Richard Nixon's words here had the GREATEST effect on
A) the establishment of the National Park System.
B) the creation of the Department of the Interior.
C) the implementation of laws banning nuclear power plants.
D) the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
5. This famous law prohibits discrimination by employers on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or
national origin, and is part of the legacy of President Lyndon Johnson's presidency.
A) Twenty-fourth Amendment
B) Civil Rights Act of 1964
C) Voting Rights Act of 1965
D) Brown v. Board of Education
6. Which of these would have occurred as a result of Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty?
A) A homeless person is provided space in a shelter.
B) A preschool age child receives a federally funded education.
C) A high school student receiving a federally funded college education.
D) An impoverished individual receives a direct payment from the government.
7.
·All persons shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, and
privileges, advantages, and accommodations of any place of public accommodation, as defined in this
section, without discrimination or segregation on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origin.
·All persons shall be entitled to be free, at any establishment or place, from discrimination or segregation
of any kind on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origin, if such discrimination or segregation
is or purports to be required by any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, rule, or order of a State or any
agency or political subdivision thereof.
·It is unlawful to deny the right of any individual to vote in any Federal election because of an error or
omission on any record or paper relating to any application, registration, or other act requisite to voting,
if such error or omission is not material in determining whether such individual is qualified under State
law to vote in such election.
--The Civil Rights Act of 1964
What is the BEST conclusion that can be drawn from this excerpt from the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
A) The federal government secured passage of this legislation because all of the states supported it.
B) The federal government intended to put an end to segregation and discrimination in the United States.
C) The southern states were successful in blocking the federal government from desegregating public
facilities.
D) The southern states were able to reach a compromise with northern Republicans in order to secure
passage of the Act.
BT5
8.
· War on Poverty
· Medicaid
· Medicare
· National Endowment for the Humanities
All of these terms were part of the “Great Society” programs during the administration of
A) Harry Truman.
B) John F. Kennedy.
C) Lyndon B. Johnson.
D) Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
BT4
9.
"The third great goal is to continue the effort so dramatically begun last year: to restore and enhance our
natural environment... I will propose a strong new set of initiatives to clean up our air and water, to
combat noise, and to preserve and restore our surroundings. I will propose programs to make better use
of our land, to encourage a balanced national growth... that will revitalize our rural heartland and
enhance the quality of life in America. And not only to meet today's needs but to anticipate those of
tomorrow, I will put forward the most extensive program ever proposed by a President of the United
States to expand the Nation's parks, recreation areas, open spaces, in a way that truly brings parks to
the people where the people are. For only if we leave a legacy of parks will the next generation have
parks to enjoy."
-from Richard Nixon's 'State of the Union" Address, January 22, 1971
Richard Nixon's words here had the GREATEST effect on
A) the establishment of the National Park System.
B) the creation of the Department of the Interior.
C) the implementation of laws banning nuclear power plants.
D) the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
BT4
10. This famous law prohibits discrimination by employers on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or
national origin, and is part of the legacy of President Lyndon Johnson's presidency.
A) Twenty-fourth Amendment
B) Civil Rights Act of 1964
C) Voting Rights Act of 1965
D) Brown v. Board of Education
BT4
11. President Lyndon B. Johnson would have most likely described his domestic plan for the nation in
which of the following ways?
A. As a “Great Society” meant to end poverty
B. as a “New Frontier” in which the US will lead the world
C. as “Supply-side Economics” in which tax cuts on corporations will benefit the average citizen
D. as “New Federalism” in which the federal government will take a step back from the New Deal
12. Which of the following was NOT one of President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs?
A. The G.I. Bill
B. Project Head Start
C. Medicaid
D. Housing and Urban Development Act
USHC-8.3
BT4
1. What was a common criticism of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
A. It made the South Vietnamese more vulnerable to communist aggression.
B. It encouraged the use of guerrilla warfare in Vietnam.
C. It allowed the U.S. executive branch too much power.
D. It reduced the freedom of the American press.
2. The Kent State protest of 1970
A) is the only recorded war demonstration of the Vietnam War era.
B) marked the final significant student protest during the Vietnam War.
C) was met with violent force by the Ohio National Guard, killing and injuring students.
D) is significant because former President Johnson participated in protesting the Vietnam War.
BT4
3. The most damaging evidence against President Nixon in the Watergate impeachment proceedings was
the
A) Nixon’s detailed record of orders to "punish" his enemies.
B) John Dean’s testimony revealing Nixon's personal involvement .
C) discovery of audio tapes of conversations connecting him in attempts to cover up details of the
Watergate break-in.
D) the discovery of illegal campaign contributions made by foreign investors and political lobbyists to
Nixon’s re-election campaign.
4. How did the War Powers Act of 1973 impact the relationship between the President and the Legislative
branch?
A) The President's military powers increased while the Legislative branch lost power.
B) The Speaker of the House acts like the Commander in Chief when the President is unable to fulfill that
role.
C) The President must inform Congress within 48 hours of sending troops into a hostile area without a
declaration of war.
D) When there is no declaration of war, troops can remain in hostile areas for an unlimited time without
Congressional approval.
BT5
5.
88TH UNITED STATES CONGRESS
Joint Resolution
To promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia.
Whereas naval units of the Communist regime in Vietnam, in violation of the principles of the Charter of
the United Nations and of international law, have deliberately and repeatedly attacked United States
naval vessels lawfully present in international waters... and
Whereas theses attacks are part of a deliberate and systematic campaign of aggression that the
Communist regime in North Vietnam has been waging against its neighbors and the nations joined with
them in the collective defense of their freedom; and
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America... the Congress
approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary
measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further
aggression.
-- Approved August 10, 1964
An opponent of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution would argue that it was unconstitutional because it gave too
much power to the
A) armed forces.
B) judicial branch.
C) executive branch.
D) legislative branch.
6. How did the War Powers Act of 1973 impact the role of the president?
A) The act provided the President unlimited funds for spending on the armed forces.
B) The act increased the ability of the President to send troops into hostile areas.
C) The act placed a limit on the President's ability to send troops into hostile areas.
D) The act gave the President the authority to declare war without Congressional approval.
7.
The drastic increase in American troop strength in Vietnam in 1964 was caused directly by
A) the Tet Offensive.
B) the Kennedy assassination.
C) the Gulf of Tonkin Incident.
D) the election of Richard Nixon.
8. According to most historians, Kennedy’s philosophy regarding Vietnam prior to his death and Johnson’s
appear to be different in what way?
A. It appears that Kennedy was in the process of figuring out how to pull out of Vietnam, while
Johnson was determined to escalate US involvement to prevent a communist takeover.
B. Kennedy was preparing to launch an all-out war against North Vietnam, while Johnson’s
approach was more cautious.
C. Kennedy did not fear communism in Vietnam, while Johnson clearly did.
D. Kennedy believed that North Vietnam should be supported by the US, while Johnson believed
that the US should back South Vietnam instead.
9. Which of the following best describes the Tet Offensive?
A. an incident in which US soldiers were guilty of war atrocities
B. an event in which US bombers dropped thousands of tons of explosives on North Vietnam
C. psychological victory scored by the communists in Vietnam in which they showed their ability to
surprise their enemies with a coordinated attack
D. attack on US ships as they sat anchored off the coast of Vietnam.
10. Which of the following marked the end of any official US involvement in Vietnam?
A. the Geneva Accords
B. the Paris Peace Accords
C. the Pentagon Papers
D. the Fall of Saigon
BT4
11. Public reaction in the US to the Vietnam War can best be described as what?
A. united
B. divided
C. supporting the war
D. opposed to the war
12. On May 4, 1970, Ohio National Guard soldiers fired on demonstrators at Kent State University who
were protesting
A. The excessive influence of large corporations.
B. Unfair treatment of African American students.
C. The escalation of the Vietnam War.
D. Restrictive campus regulations.
13. Use the chart below to answer the following question.
1950
The United States sends $15 million dollars in military aid to the French for the
war in Indochina.
1954
Delegates from nine nations convene in Geneva to start negotiations that will
lead to the end of hostilities in Indochina.
1961
During a tour of Asian countries, Vice President Lyndon Johnson visits President
Diem in Saigon
1964
The Gulf of Tonkin resolution authorizes President Lyndon Johnson to “take all
necessary measures to repel any armed attack against forces of the United
States and to prevent further aggression.”
The events above are connected with the U.S. entry into
A. World War I.
B. World War II.
C. The Persian Gulf War.
D. The Vietnam War.
USHC-8.4
1. What anticommunist organization in Afghanistan did the United States train and fund to drive the
Soviets out of their nation?
A) Taliban
B) al-Qaeda
C) Jundullah
D) Mujahadeen
2.
The arrow is pointing to a tiny island where, in October of 1983, the United States led a successful
invasion against a Marxist-led government that had taken control weeks earlier. What is the name of this
island nation?
A) Grenada
B) Jamaica
C) Puerto Rico
D) Grand Cayman
3. In 1983 which nation did the US invade in order to prevent it from becoming communist and to protect
American medical students living there?
A) Cuba
B) Grenada
C) Afghanistan
D) El Salvador
BT4
4. The Supreme Court decision in the case of Roe v. Wade (1973) dealt with the issue of
A) abortion.
B) flag burning.
C) school prayer.
D) discrimination.
BT4
5. The theory that the government can best stimulate the economy by helping businesses produce more is
known as
A) Marxism.
B) mercantilism.
C) Keynesian economics.
D) supply-side economics.
BT4
6. Which of these statements is true about the "Iran-Contra" affair?
A) Impeachment proceedings on President Reagan began in 1986.
B) Money from the exchange was used in covert operations in Nicaragua.
C) Lt. Col. Oliver North was sentenced to sixteen years in prison for lying to Congress.
D) Money from the exchange was used to fund a military mission to free the U.S. hostages held in Iran.
7. Which of these statements BEST describes a result of the "Iran-Contra Affair"?
A) It resulted in impeachment proceedings against the President.
B) The hostages held at the American embassy in Tehran were freed.
C) A Congressional investigation determined the process was illegal.
D) Money from the exchange was used in covert operations in the Soviet Union.
BT4
8. Which BEST describes the term "Silent Majority"?
A) a liberal political movement that began in the late 1960s
B) a conservative political movement that began in the late 1960s
C) a movement that nonviolently protested segregation laws in the United States
D) the anti-integration movement that resisted the work of Martin Luther King, Jr.
9. Under which presidential administration did the national debt triple, due to a combination of tax cuts
and defense spending?
A) Bill Clinton
B) Ronald Reagan
C) Richard Nixon
D) Lyndon Johnson
BT5
10. The Supreme Court decision in the case of Roe v. Wade (1973) dealt with the issue of
A) abortion.
B) flag burning.
C) school prayer.
D) discrimination.
USHC-8.5
BT4
1. Look at the graph below and answer the question that follows.
Which statement best explains the changes in economic inequality from 1980 to 2000?
A. The number of active union members increased.
B. The number of two-income households increased.
C. The number of high-wage manufacturing jobs decreased.
D. The number part-time and temporary workers decreased.
2. Why did the United States government place price controls on petroleum companies in the early
1970s?
A) Oil companies needed more money in order to increase exploration.
B) Oil executives had been criticized for spending money wastefully.
C) There was an international oil embargo that caused gas prices to rise.
D) People were refusing to buy gasoline because of its link to terrorist groups.
3.
"New immigrants are good for America. They are revitalizing our cities...building our new
economy...strengthening our ties to the global economy, just as earlier waves of immigrants settled on
the new frontier and powered the Industrial Revolution. They are energizing our culture and broadening
our vision of the world. They are renewing our most basic values and reminding us all of what it truly
means to be an American."
--President Bill Clinton, Commencement Address at Portland State University, June 13, 1998
Which statement would Clinton be MOST LIKELY to agree with?
A) Immigration has a positive effect on the national economy.
B) Immigration has a negative effect on the national economy.
C) More focus should be placed on ensuring that all immigrants be naturalized.
D) Free healthcare and education should be extended to all immigrants, legal or not.
4. In the 1980s the United States Congress created a law known as "Superfund," which allocated money
for what pressing issue?
A) failing farms
B) hazardous waste
C) communist spies
D) industrial output
BT4
5. Coming into effect in 1994, NAFTA encouraged free trade between the United States and which two
other countries?
A) Canada and Cuba
B) Japan and China
C) Canada and Mexico
D) Finland and Albania
BT4
6. Although originally developed for use by the United States military, many believe the innovation that will
surpass the telephone and television in global importance is the
A) internet.
B) cellular phone.
C) laptop computer.
D) portable MP3 player.
7. During the early 1990s, the American economy was
A) spiraling into a depression.
B) the wealthiest in the world.
C) dependent on aid from Western Europe.
D) less well-off than in previous years.
8. Which of these would be the LEAST relevant explanation as to why labor unions saw declining
membership in the last years of the 20th century in the United States?
A) pro-management tendencies existed in American businesses
B) the association between unions and communism drove many away
C) new laws were passed limiting unions' abilities to be effective
D) industry was relocated into areas with little or no union presence
9. It is argued that Global Warming will be the most pressing environmental issue in the coming years
because
A) there is no awareness or concern for it now.
B) the temperatures had been going down the previous years.
C) there is not precedent in Earth's history for a rise in the planet’s average temperature.
D) the rise in temperature is being made worse by pollution and current environmental policies.
10.
One can infer from this chart that a person in the United States who speaks a language other than English
at home is most likely to be from which of these countries?
A) Canada
B) Germany
C) Mexico
D) Spain
11. Which of these is the MOST significant impact of the wide availability of computers and high-speed
internet connections since the start of the 21st century?
A) an increase in television sales
B) a decrease in college graduates
C) more people teleworking from home
D) renewed interest in the space program
12. For the first time in 16 years, the Presidential Election of 1992 saw
A) a landslide victory.
B) a Democrat win the election.
C) a third-party candidate for President.
D) a woman was a candidate for Vice-President.
BT4
13. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Bill Clinton was elected successfully depicting himself as a “tax and spend liberal.”
B. Reagan believed in “big government.”
C. George W. Bush has repeatedly expressed that he is unconcerned about North Korea and Iran’s
alleged nuclear programs.
D. George W. Bush became president of the United States in 2001 only after the Supreme Court
ruled on the 2000 election results.
14. Which of the following represents a controversy surrounding immigration?
A. whether or not people should visit the US
B. whether or not legal immigrants should be allowed to go to school
C. whether or not a fence should be built to secure the border
D. whether or not illegal immigration is against the law
15. Use the chart below to answer the following question.
U.S. exports to Canada = $175 billion
U.S. imports from Canada = $229
billion
U.S. exports to Mexico = $109 billion
U.S. imports from Mexico = $135
billion
Mexican exports to Canada = $8.5
billion
Mexican imports from Canada = $1.3
billion
Which of the following is the best title for the above chart?
A. Effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
B. Effects on Global Trade of the European Union
C. Growth of Canadian-Mexican Trade
D. American Balance of Trade with Mexico
BT5
16. President Reagan’s proposal to stimulate the economy by increasing the production of goods and
services was called
A. Supply-side economics.
B. Deregulation.
C. Glasnost.
D. Revenue sharing.
USHC-8.6
BT4
1. What was a military outcome of Operation Desert Storm in 1991?
A. The elimination of Kuwait’s oil resources in Iraq
B. The capture of Baghdad by United Nations forces
C. The occupation of Iraq and Kuwait by allied ground troops
D. The forced removal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait by coalition forces
BT4
2. What foreign policy under the administrations of has been a consistent feature of U.S. President Harry
Truman through President George W. Bush?
A. support for the state of Israel
B. opposition to dictators in Iraq
C. friendly relations with mainland China
D. strained relations with France and Germany
3. The stated purposes of the war in Iraq that began in 2002 involve all of the following EXCEPT
A) foster democracy in Iraq.
B) restoring self-rule to Kuwait.
C) promote freedom in the region.
D) prevent an attack on the United States.
4. Why did the policies of glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union change the way Ronald Reagan
interacted with that nation?
A) The policies demonstrated to the United States that communism would stand firm.
B) The policies allowed for the United States and Soviet Union to lift trade sanctions off of China.
C) The policies showed Reagan that the socialist state was being reformed to a more democratic nation.
D) The policies provided an opportunity for the United States to engage in free trade with nations in
Eastern Europe.
5. Signed into law on October 26, 2001, the USA PATRIOT Act has received criticism because
A) it faced great opposition from Congress.
B) of its damaging impact on the environment.
C) it greatly increased taxes on the middle classes.
D) of its curtailing of civil rights in order to fight terrorism.
6. What event is generally considered to be the "spark" that started the "War on Terrorism"?
A) the war in Iraq, 2003-present
B) 1991 Iraq invasion of Kuwait
C) the war in Afghanistan, 2001-present
D) September 11, 2001, attacks on the U.S.
7. Which of these is the BEST explanation for the United States' increased involvement in Middle Eastern
affairs after World War II?
A) to stop the spread of Communism from the USSR
B) to purchase cheap oil for the growing economy
C) to trade with newly formed Middle Eastern states
D) to form military alliances with several Arab nations
8. Unlike the Camp David Accords in 1978, the Camp David Accords of 2000
A) succeeded in establishing peace between Libya and Egypt.
B) failed to bring about a plan for peace in the Middle East.
C) were protested by the United States for its political overtones.
D) allowed the U.S. to gain valuable allies in the War on Terrorism.
BT5
9. The primary cause of the first Gulf War (1990-1991) was
A) the Iraqi army's sudden invasion of Kuwait.
B) Iraqi possession of weapons of mass destruction.
C) repeated attacks by the Iraqi navy on civilian targets within Israel.
D) Iraq’s testing of a nuclear device as part of a test of its weapons program.
10. Why did the policies of glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union change the way Ronald Reagan
interacted with that nation?
A) The policies demonstrated to the United States that communism would stand firm.
B) The policies allowed for the United States and Soviet Union to lift trade sanctions off of China.
C) The policies showed Reagan that the socialist state was being reformed to a more democratic nation.
D) The policies provided an opportunity for the United States to engage in free trade with nations in
Eastern Europe.
11. Osama bin Laden was BEST known for
A) invading oil-rich Kuwait in the 1990s.
B) founding an Islamic extremist terrorist group.
C) organizing the Taliban to resist Soviet occupation.
D) running the largest dictatorship in the Middle East.
12.
In 1988, Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev introduced a series of reforms designed to give new
freedoms to the people, including greater freedom of speech. The press also became far less controlled,
and thousands of political prisoners and many dissidents were released.
What was the name of Gorbachev's reform movement?
A) Demokratizatsiya
B) Demorossiya
C) Glasnost
D) Perestroika
13. Which of the following did not result from 9/11?
A. George H.W. Bush’s decision to liberate Kuwait
B. establishment of the Department of Homeland Security
C. passage of the PATRIOT Act
D. the War on Terror
BT5
14. What is Al-Qaeda and what is its goal?
A. a band of freedom fighters determined to resist communism in Nicaragua
B. radical Muslims who became the government of Afghanistan after the Soviets withdrew and who
wish to establish radical Islam in other nations as well
C. a terrorist group led by Osama bin Laden that is determined to destroy western nations like the
US
D. an international peace keeping force meant to establish peace in Iraq
BT4
15. Which of the following events occurred on September 11, 2001?
A. Terrorists attacked the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, DC
B. The United States began bombing targets in Afghanistan
C. Terrorists destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City
D. The United States invaded Iraq