Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите
цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
The Slob’s Holiday
My husband and I went to Reno for our holiday last year. “Isn’t that place where people go to get
a quickie divorce?”asked my second son? ‘Yes’, I said, trying to look enigmatic and interesting.
‘You are not getting divorced, are you?’ he asked bluntly. ‘No,’ I said, ’we are going to an outdoor
pursuit trade fair. The children sighed with relief and slouched away, muttering things like
‘boring’. I call them children, but they are all grown up. My eldest son has started to develop fine
lines around his eyes – fledgling crow’s feet. A terrible sight for any parent to see. Anyway, the
piece isn’t about children. It’s about holidays.
The first thing to be said about holidays is that anybody who can afford one should be grateful.
The second thing is that planning holidays can be hard work. In our household it starts with
somebody muttering, ’I suppose we ought to think about a holiday.’ This remark is usually made
in July and is received glumly, as if the person making it has said ‘I suppose we ought to think
about the Bolivian balance of payment problems.’
Nothing much happens for a week and then the potential holiday-makers are rounded up and
made to consult their diaries. Hospital appointments are taken into consideration, as are
important things to do with work. But other highlights on the domestic calendar, such as the
cat’s birthday, are swept aside and eventually two weeks are found. The next decision is the
most painful: where?
We travel abroad to work quite a lot but we return tired and weary, so the holiday we are
planning is a slob’s holiday: collapse on a sunbed, read a book until the sun goes down, stagger
back to hotel room, shower, change into glad rags, eat well, wave good-bye to teenagers, have a
last drink on hotel terrace, go to bed and then lie awake and wait for hotel waiters to bring the
teenagers from the disco.
I never want to be guided around another monument, as long as I live. I do not want to be told
how many bricks it took to build it. I have a short attention span for such details. I do not want to
attend a ‘folk evening’ ever, ever again. The kind where men with their trousers tucked into their
socks wave handkerchiefs in the direction of women wearing puff-sleeved blouses, long skirts
and headscarves.
I also want to live dangerously and get brown. I want my doughy English skin change from white
sliced to wheat germ. I like the simple pleasure of removing my watch strap and gazing at the
patch of virgin skin beneath.
I don’t want to make new friends – on holidays or in general; I can’t manage the ones I have at
home. I do not want to mix with the locals and I have no wish to go into their homes. I do not
welcome tourists who come to Leicester into my home. Why should the poor locals in
Holidayland be expected to? It’s bad enough that we monopolize their beaches, clog their
pavements and spend an hour in a shop choosing a sunhat that costs the equivalent of 75 pence.
So, the slob’s holiday has several essential requirements: a hotel on a sunny beach, good food, a
warm sea, nightlife for the teenagers, a big crowd to get lost in, and the absence of mosquitoes.
As I write, we are at the planning stage. We have looked through all the holiday brochures, but
they are full of references to ‘hospitable locals’, ‘folk nights’, ‘deserted beaches’, and ‘interesting
historical sights’. Not our cup of tea, or glass of sangria, at all.
The slob’s holiday is the type of holiday for people, who
1) do not want to go on holiday abroad.
2) go on holiday with teenagers.
3) do not like public life.
4) prefer peaceful relaxing holidays.
When the narrator says ‘I also want to live dangerously’, she means
1) getting lost in the crowd.
2) going sightseeing without a guide.
3) choosing herself the parties to go to.
4) lying long hours in the sun on the beach.
The main reason the narrator doesn’t want to mix up with locals is because she
1) doesn’t let tourists to her house at Leicester.
2) doesn’t want to add to their inconveniencies.
3) is afraid to make friends with local people.
4) values her own privacy above all.
The parents’ choice of holiday destination made the narrator’s children feel
1) jealous.
2) excited.
3) alarmed.
4) indifferent.
The narrator’s words ‘A terrible sight for any parent to see’ refer to
1) the way children behave.
2) the fact that children are aging.
3) the way children change their image.
4) the fact there is a generation gap.
When the need for holiday planning is first announced in the narrator’ family, it
1) is regarded as an important political issue.
2) is met with enthusiasm by all the family.
3) seems like an impossible task.
4) is openly ignored.
To find a two-week slot for a holiday potential holiday-makers have to
1) negotiate the optimum period for travel.
2) cancel prior business appointments.
3) re-schedule individual summer plans.
4) make a list of the things to be taken into account.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои
ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один
заголовок лишний.
1. New rules to follow
5. A visit to the zoo
2. New perspectives
6. Perfect for an active holiday
3. Perfect for a quiet holiday
7. Difficult start
4. Land of nature wonders
8. Bad for animals
A. The mountains of Scotland (we call them the Highlands) are а wild and beautiful part
of Europe. A golden eagle flies over the mountains. A deer walks through the silence of
the forest. Salmon and trout swim in the clean, pure water of the rivers. Some say that
not only fish swim in the deep water of Loch Ness. Speak to the people living by
the Loch. Each person has a story of the monster, and some have photographs.
B. Tresco is a beautiful island with no cars, crowds or noise – just flowers, birds, long
sandy beaches and the Tresco Abbey Garden. John and Wendy Pyatt welcome you to
the Island Hotel, famous for delicious food, comfort and brilliant service. You will
appreciate superb accommodation, free saunas and the indoor swimming pool.
C. The Camel and Wildlife Safari is a unique mixture of the traditional and modern.
Kenya’s countryside suits the Safari purposes exceptionally well. Tourists will have a
chance to explore the bush country near Samburu, to travel on a camel back or to sleep
out under the stars. Modern safari vehicles are always available for those who prefer
comfort.
D. Arrival can be the hardest part of a trip. It is late, you are road-weary, and everything is
new and strange. You need an affordable place to sleep, something to eat and drink,
and probably a way to get around. But in general, it’s a wonderful trip, full of wonderful
and unusual places. Whether it is the first stop on a trip or the fifth city visited, every
traveller feels a little overwhelmed stepping onto a new street in a new city.
E. No zoo has enough money to provide basic habitats or environments for all the species
they keep. Most animals are put in a totally artificial environment, isolated from
everything they would meet in their natural habitat. Many will agree that this isolation
is harmful to the most of zoo inhabitants, it can even amount to cruelty.
F. A new London Zoo Project is a ten year project to secure the future for the Zoo and for
many endangered animals. The plan has been devised by both animal and business
experts to provide world-leading accommodation for all our animals, to more fully
engage and inform people about conservation issues, to redesign certain aspects of Zoo
layout.
G. Leave-no-trace camping is an increasingly popular approach to travel in wilderness
areas. As the term suggests, the goal is for the camper to leave as little impact as
possible on the place he is visiting. One of its mottos is “Take nothing but pictures.
Leave nothing but footprints.” Its simplest and most fundamental rule is: pack it in,
pack it out, but it goes beyond that.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
London Zoo
London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London
Zoo and A __________! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we
might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.
Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and
Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save.
That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as
eliminate other dangers B __________. But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and
memorable time, C __________.
In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for
animals D __________. They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre.
Then there are numerous special Highlight events E __________ unforgettable pony rides to feeding
times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are
interested in about the animals they care for, F __________.
Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!
1. because they see and touch them close up
2. such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs
3. as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo
4. that is not counting every ant in the colony
5. which demand much time and effort
6. which take place every day, from
7. despite the serious side to our work
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании укажите номер выбранного
вами варианта ответа.
REUNION
The last time I saw my father was in Grand Central Station. I was going from my grandmother's in the
Adirondacks to a cottage on the Cape that my mother had rented, and I wrote my father that I would be in New
York between trains for an hour and a half, and asked if we could have lunch together. His secretary wrote to say
that he would meet me at the information booth at noon, and at twelve o'clock sharp I saw him coming through
the crowd.
He was a stranger to me – my mother divorced him three years ago and I hadn't been with him since – but as
soon as I saw him I felt that he was my father, my flesh and blood, my future and my doom. I knew that when I
was grown I would be something like him; I would have to plan my campaigns within his limitations. He was a
big, good-looking man, and I was terribly happy to see him again.
He struck me on the back and shook my hand. "Hi, Charlie," he said. "Hi, boy. I'd like to take you up to my club,
but it's in the Sixties, and if you have to catch an early train I guess we'd better get something to eat around
here." He put his arm around me, and I smelled my father the way my mother sniffs a rose. It was a rich
compound of whiskey, after-shave lotion, shoe polish, woollens, and the rankness of a mature male. I hoped that
someone would see us together. I wished that we could be photographed. I wanted some record of our having
been together.
We went out of the station and up a side street to a restaurant. It was still early, and the place was empty. The
bartender was quarrelling with a delivery boy, and there was one very old waiter in a red coat down by the
kitchen door. We sat down, and my father hailed the waiter in a loud voice. "Kellner!" he shouted. "Garcon!
You!" His boisterousness in the empty restaurant seemed out of place. "Could we have a little service here!" he
shouted. Then he clapped his hands. This caught the waiter's attention, and he shuffled over to our table.
"Were you clapping your hands at me?" he asked.
"Calm down, calm down," my father said. "It isn't too much to ask of you – if it wouldn't be too much above and
beyond the call of duty, we would like a couple of Beefeater Gibsons."
"I don't like to be clapped at," the waiter said.
"I should have brought my whistle," my father said. "I have a whistle that is audible only to the ears of old
waiters. Now, take out your little pad and your little pencil and see if you can get this straight: two Beefeater
Gibsons. Repeat after me: two Beefeater Gibsons."
"I think you'd better go somewhere else," the waiter said quietly.
"That," said my father, "is one of the most brilliant suggestions I have ever heard. Come on, Charlie."
I followed my father out of that restaurant into another. He was not so boisterous this time. Our drinks came,
and he cross-questioned me about the baseball season. He then struck the edge of his empty glass with his knife
and began shouting again. "Garcon! You! Could we trouble you to bring us two more of the same."
"How old is the boy?" the waiter asked.
"That," my father said, "is none of your business."
"I’m sorry, sir," the waiter said, "but I won’t serve the boy another drink."
"Well, I have some news for you," my father said. "I have some very interesting news for you. This doesn’t
happen to be the only restaurant in New York. They’ve opened another on the corner. Come on, Charlie."
He paid the bill, and I followed him out of that restaurant into another …
The narrator was looking forward to meeting with his father because he
1) expected to get a valuable present from him.
2) missed the feeling of being with him.
3) wanted to stay with him in New York.
4) hoped that his parents would get back together.
The narrator’s request to meet was accepted by his father
1) with great pleasure.
2) unwillingly.
3) in business-like manner.
4) with much hope and expectation.
The narrator wanted to be photographed with his father because
1) he was proud of his father’s good looks.
2) he wished to remember their moments together.
3) it was the happiest time of his life.
4) he wanted to boast of his father to his friends.
The father did not invite his son to his club because
1) the son was pressed for time to catch a train.
2) it was a closed club with no children allowed.
3) the man feared that his son would not behave properly.
4) it was necessary to book in advance to enter the club.
The father’s behaviour in the first restaurant was inappropriate as he
1) was too boisterous in an empty restaurant.
2) tried to boast of his knowledge of foreign languages.
3) could not afford to pay the bill.
4) treated the waiter in a rude manner.
The waiter in the next restaurant refused to bring them more drinks as
1) the restaurant was closing soon.
2) the son looked pale and faint.
3) the boy was too young to drink alcohol.
4) the waiter got angry with the son.
The title of the story “Reunion” actually implies that the
1) son found his lost father after decades of separation.
2) son now would be living together with his father.
3) “father – son” relations is what both sides feel the need for.
4) son made an attempt to re-establish relations with his father.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Harry Potter course for university students
Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to be the
UK's first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking person
in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them as a
guide to … modern life.
The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A __________ modern society.
“Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about 80
undergraduates have signed B __________ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future
educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.
A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social and
cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, C __________ the
classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.
The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University. He
said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D __________ body: “It seeks to
place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental
issues E __________. You just need to read the academic writing which
started F __________ that Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”
1. up for the optional module, part of
2. such as the moral universe of the school
3. to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in
4. including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in
5. to emerge four or five years ago to see
6. such as the response of the writer
7. to growing demand from the student
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15 – А21. В каждом задании обведите
цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
I arrived at the cloud forest in Ecuador ten days ago. I was one of a group of twelve volunteers
that wanted to save the rainforest. My reasons for going on this trip were twofold: firstly, I
wanted to collect and bring back alive some of the fascinating animals, birds and reptiles that
inhabit this region; secondly, I had long cherished a dream to see South America: not the
inhabited South America with its macadam roads, its cocktail bars, its express trains roaring
through a landscape denuded of its flora and fauna by the beneficial influences of civilization. I
wanted to see one of those few remaining parts of the continent that had escaped this fate and
remained more or less as it was when America was first discovered: I wanted to see its
rainforests, its vast lands of untouched, pure, natural wildlife. We were working together with
local people and scientists and we were learning and seeing new things every day. Our lodge was
comfortable, had breathtaking views and was in the middle of the rainforest. It was a two-hour
walk from the nearest road, and it was even further to the nearest village.
The rainforest is truly an astonishing place. There are thousands of species of plants here and
more than 700 species of birds. There are millions of insects and scientists think there may be
around forty mammal species that haven’t even been discovered. But what I was really amazed
at how everything depends on everything else for survival.
Every tree in the rainforest is covered in a species of another kind. The black wasp uses the
tarantula as a nest for its eggs, plants need monkeys for seed dispersal, and the clouds are
necessary for the survival of the whole rainforest. This is because they provide moisture. The
problem is, climate change is causing the clouds to rise by 1-2 meters every year. What will
happen to the plants that need this moisture? What will happen to the animals that need those
plants?
Our job was to watch this changing ecosystem. One of my favourite projects was the bird survey.
Every day a group of us set out at around five o’clock with a local scientist. At this time of the
morning the air was filled with the sound of bird song. We had to identify the birds we hear and
see and write down our findings. Later, we entered all our information into a computer at the
lodge.
We also set up cameras to record pumas, spectacled bears and other large mammals. It was
always exciting to see pumas because it meant there were other animals around that they would
normally hunt. We fixed the cameras to trees around the reserve, and every day a team of
volunteers collected the cameras memory cards.
There was a lot to do in the rainforest, but at least I felt like we were making a difference.
However, soon I started collecting some animals and insects. I realized that as soon as the
hunting got under way and the collection increased, most of my time would be taken up in
looking after the animals, and I should not be able to wander far from camp. So I was eager to
get into the forest while I had the chance.
Nevertheless, I should mention the fact that without the help of the natives you would stand little
chance of catching the animals you want, for they know the forest, having been born in it. Once
the animal is caught, however, it is your job to keep it alive and well. If you left this part of it to
the natives you would get precious little back alive.
Which reason for the trip to the rainforest was NOT mentioned?
1) Gathering a collection.
2) Thirst for adventures.
3) Saving rainforests.
4) Dream of visiting South America.
Who did NOT take part in the work in rainforests?
1) People living in the area.
2) Researchers.
3) Zoo keepers.
4) Volunteers.
According to the narrator scientists believe that
1) there is a number of unknown types of animals in the rainforest.
2) they should study animals without catching them.
3) plants in the rainforest do not need so much water.
4) it’s impossible to control the animals and birds in the forest.
What type of work did the volunteers have to do?
1) Observe the changes in the wildlife.
2) List the types of plants in the rainforest.
3) Study the birds’ singing.
4) Search for pumas and bears.
The phrase “we were making difference” in paragraph 6 means
1) they made life in the forest more diverse.
2) their job would help in saving the forest.
3) they were improving fauna of the rainforest.
4) they were changing the ecosystem of the place.
Why did the narrator go to the forest any time he had a chance to?
1) He wouldn’t have enough time for that later.
2) He had to feed animals that he had caught.
3) He didn’t have chance to do any other work.
4) He liked hunting with local people.
According to the narrator he worked with local people because they
1) protected the animals.
2) knew animals better.
3) saved his life.
4) were familiar with the place.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Mobile phones
On New Year’s Day, 1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a happy
new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner of Vodafone, A __________.
At the time, mobile phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and
provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small; Vodafone had just a
dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of the huge potential of wireless
communication and the dramatic impact B __________.
Hardly anyone believed there would come a day when mobile phones were so
popular C __________. But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds,
and by 2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom was a result of
increased competition which pushed prices lower and created innovations in the way that
mobiles were sold.
When the government introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to attract
more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D __________. It also introduced local
call tariffs.
The way that handsets themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s Nokia
who made E __________. In the late 1990s Nokia realized that the mobile phone was a fashion
item: so it offered interchangeable covers which allowed you to customize and personalize your
handset.
The mobile phone industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its monthly
chargeF __________, which has culminated in the fight between the iPhone and a succession of
touch screen rivals.
1. that there would be more phones in the UK than there are people
2. the leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items
3. and his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK
4. the move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks
5. trying to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call and text
6. that mobile phones would have over the next quarter century
7. and relying instead on actual call charges
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите
цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Lily and I had planned a movie marathon weekend. I was exhausted from work and she was
stressed out from her classes, so we’d promised to spend the whole weekend parked on her
couch and subsist solely on pizza and crisps. No healthy food. No diet Coke. And absolutely no
strict, official clothes. Even though we talked all the time, we hadn’t spent any real time
together since I’d moved to the city.
We’d been friends since the eighth grade, when I first saw Lily crying alone at a cafeteria table.
She’d just moved in with her grandmother and started at our school in Avon, after it became
clear that her parents weren’t coming home any time soon. The day I found her crying alone in
the cafeteria was the day her grandmother had forced her to chop off her dirty dreadlocks and
wear a dress, and Lily was not very happy about it. Something about the way she talked, the
way she said, “That’s so nice of you,” and “Let’s just forget about it”, charmed me, and we
immediately became friends. We’d been inseparable through the rest of high school, and lived
in the same room for all four years at Brown College. Lily hadn’t yet decided whether she
preferred girlish dresses or rough leather jackets, but we complemented each other well. And I
missed her. Because with her first year as a graduate student and my exhausting work, we
hadn’t seen a whole lot of each other lately.
Lily was studying for her Ph.D. in Russian Literature at Columbia University and working odd
jobs every free second she wasn’t studying. Her grandmother barely had enough money to
support herself, and Lily had to pay for the studies on her own. However, she seemed to be fond
of such a way of life. She loved Russian culture ever since her eighth-grade teacher told her that
Lily looked how he had always pictured Lolita, with her round face and curly black hair. She
went directly home and read Nabokov’s “Lolita”, and then read everything else Nabokov wrote.
And Tolstoy. And Gogol. And Chekhov. By the time we finished school, she was applying to
Brown College to work with a specific professor who had a degree in Russian Literature. On
interviewing a seventeen-year-old Lily the professor declared her one of the most well-read and
passionate students of Russian literature he’d ever met. She still loved it, still studied Russian
grammar and could read anything in its original.
I couldn’t wait for the weekend. My fourteen-hour workdays were registering in my feet, my
upper arms, and my lower back. Glasses had replaced the contacts I’d worn for a decade
because my eyes were too dry and tired to accept them anymore. I’d begun losing weight
already as I never had time to eat properly, although I was drinking an enormous amount of
coffee. I’d already weathered a flue infection and had paled significantly, and it had been only
four weeks. I was only twenty-three years old. And my boss hadn’t even been in the office yet. I
knew I deserved a weekend.
Saturday afternoon found us particularly motivated, and we managed to saunter round the city
center for a few hours. We each bought some new clothes for the upcoming New Year’s party
and had a mug of hot chocolate from a sidewalk café. By the time we made it back to her
apartment, we were exhausted and happy and spent the rest of the night watching old movies
and eating pizza.
What did the girls hope to do that weekend?
1) Have a quiet weekend in.
2) Go to the cinema.
3) Have some more studies that weekend.
4) Talk all the weekend.
When the girl first met her friend, Lily
1) lived with her parents.
2) visited her grandmother.
3) just came to live in Avon.
4) had just lost her parents.
Lily was crying when the girl first met her because
1) her grandmother had cut her hair short.
2) she missed her parents.
3) her grandmother didn’t like the way she talked.
4) she had to wear clothes she didn’t like.
Why did the girl become friends with Lily?
1) She wanted to comfort her.
2) She liked Lily’s dress.
3) She became fascinated with her.
4) They had common problems.
“We complemented each other well” in paragraph 2 means that they
1) found а common language.
2) were a perfect match.
3) supported each other.
4) liked the same things.
Why did Lily have to do some occasional jobs?
1) She had to pay for her studies.
2) She had to support her grandmother.
3) She spent a lot on her clothes.
4) She liked to change jobs.
The girl “couldn’t wait for the weekend” because she
1) wanted to eat properly at last.
2) wanted Lily to have a break from her studies.
3) needed a rest from her job.
4) needed to get well after a flue infection.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Laughing and evolution
The first hoots of laughter from an ancient ancestor of humans could be heard at least 10 million
years ago, according to the results of a new study.
Researchers used recordings of apes and babies being tickled A __________ to the last common
ancestor that humans shared with the modern great apes, which include chimpanzees, gorillas
and orangutans.
The finding challenges the opinion B __________, suggesting instead that it emerged long
before humans split from the evolutionary path that led to our primate cousins, between 10m and
16m years ago.
“In humans, laughing can be the strongest way of expressing how much we are enjoying
ourselves, but it can also be used in other contexts, like making fun of someone,” said Marina
Davila Ross, a psychologist at Portsmouth University. “I was interested in C __________.”
Davila Ross travelled to seven zoos around Europe and visited a wildlife reserve in Sabah,
Borneo, to record baby and juvenile apes D __________. Great apes are known to make noises
that are similar to laughter when they are excited and while they are playing with each other.
Davila Ross collected recordings of laughter from 21 chimps, gorillas, orangutans and bonobos
and added recordings of three babies that were tickled to make them laugh.
To analyze the recordings, the team put them into a computer program. “Our evolutionary tree
based on these acoustic recordings alone showed E __________, but furthest from orangutans,
with gorillas somewhere in the middle.” said Davila Ross. “What this shows is strong evidence
to suggest F__________.”
1. that laughter is a uniquely human trait
2. to create the evolutionary tree linking humans and apes
3. while their caretakers tickled them
4. that laughing comes from a common primate ancestor
5. to trace the origin of laughter back
6. whether laughing emerged earlier on than humans did
7. that humans were closest to chimps and bonobos
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите
цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Scarcely had we settled into the Strawberry-pink Villa before my mother decided that I was
running wild, and that it was necessary for me to have some sort of education. As usual when a
problem arose, the entire family flung itself with enthusiasm into the task of solving it. Each
member had his or her own idea of what was best for me.
Sitting under the open window in the twilight, I had listened with interest, not unmixed with
indignation, to the family discussion of my fate. Finally my mother decided that George would
be a good teacher for me. Now it was settled, I wondered vaguely who George was, and why it
was so necessary for me to have lessons. But the dusk was thick with flower-scents, and the
olive-groves were dark, mysterious, and fascinating. I forgot about the imminent danger of being
educated, and went off with Roger to hunt for glow-worms in the sprawling brambles.
Later I discovered that George was my brother’s friend and he had come to Corfu to write. There
was nothing very unusual about this, for all Larry’s acquaintances in those days were either
authors, poets, or painters.
My new teacher came over to the villa to discuss my education with Mother, and we were
introduced. We regarded each other with suspicion. George was a very tall and extremely thin
man with a brown beard and a pair of large spectacles. He had a deep, melancholy voice, a dry
and sarcastic sense of humor. However, he was not upset by the fact that there were no schoolbooks available on the island; he simply looked through his own library and appeared on the
appointed day armed with his own selection of books. He patiently taught me Geography from
the maps in the back of an ancient copy of Pears Encyclopedia, English from books that ranged
from Wilde to Gibbon, French from the book called “Le Petit Larousse”, and mathematics from
memory. From my point of view the most important thing was that we devoted some of our time
to natural history, and George carefully taught me how to observe and how to note down
observations in a diary. At once my enthusiastic interest in nature became focused, for I found
that by writing things down I could learn and remember much more. The only morning that I
was ever on time for my lessons were those which were given up to natural history.
Every morning at nine George would come into the little dining-room of the villa, sit at the table
methodically arranging the books. He would droop over the exercise-book pensively, pulling at
his beard. Then in his large, clear writing he would set the task for me to solve.
“If it took two caterpillars a week to eat eight leaves, how long would four caterpillars take to eat
the same number? Now, apply yourself to that”.
While I was struggling with the apparently insoluble problem of the caterpillar appetites, George
was practicing some dancing moves in the hall as at that time he was engaged in learning some
of the local dances, for which he had a passion. Through all this I would be watching him,
fascinated, the exercise-book lying forgotten in front of me. Mathematics was not one of our
successful subjects.
In geography we made better progress, for George was able to give a more zoological tinge to
the lesson. We drew giant maps and then filled in the various places of interest, together with
drawings of the most exciting animals and birds to be found there.
In paragraph 1 “I was running wild” means that the boy
1) had an unhealthy lifestyle.
2) led an uncontrolled life.
3) became very angry.
4) hardly spent any time at home.
How did the boy’s family react to the problem of his education?
1) Actively discussed the situation.
2) Showed no desire in solving it.
3) Avoided any disputes on this topic.
4) Felt indifferent.
George was
1) a teacher.
2) a dancer.
3) a writer.
4) a mathematician.
How did the boy and George feel when they first met?
1) They didn’t trust each other.
2) They liked each other very much.
3) They were upset about their studies.
4) They treated the situation with humor.
Why did the boy enjoy his lessons of natural history?
1) He finally learnt how to write.
2) He got very interested in the subject.
3) He remembered much more from those lessons.
4) He learned how to focus on the lesson.
The boy couldn’t solve the mathematics problem because he
1) didn’t like to make any effort.
2) was not interested in caterpillars.
3) refused to do mathematics in general.
4) was distracted by his teacher’s dances.
The geography lessons were more successful because
1) the boy was fond of drawing maps of the continents.
2) the boy knew lots of interesting places already.
3) George knew geography better than mathematics.
4) George also managed to involve the boy’s interest in fauna.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Nenets Culture affected by Global Warming
For 1,000 years the indigenous Nenets people have migrated along the 450-mile-long Yamal
peninsula in northern Russia. In summer they wander northwards, taking their reindeer with
them. In winter they return southwards.
But this remote region of north-west Siberia is now being affected by global warming.
Traditionally the Nenets travel across the frozen River Ob in November A __________ around
Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter migration is delayed. Last year the Nenets,
together with many thousands of reindeer, had to wait until late December B __________.
“Our reindeer were hungry. There wasn’t enough food,” Jakov Japtik, a Nenets reindeer herder,
said. “The snow is melting sooner, quicker and faster than before. In spring it’s difficult for the
reindeer to pull the sledges. They get tired,” Japtik said.
Herders say that the peninsula’s weather is increasingly unpredictable – with unseasonal
snowstormsC __________, and milder longer autumns. In winter, temperatures used to go down
to -50°C. Now they are normally around -30°C, according to Japtik. “Obviously we prefer 30°C. But the changes aren’t good for the reindeer D __________,” he said, setting off on his
sledge to round up his reindeer herd.
Here, in one of the most remote parts of the planet, there are clear signs E __________. Last year
the Nenets arrived at a regular summer camping spot and discovered that half of their lake had
disappeared. The water had drained away after a landslide. The Nenets report other curious
changes – there are fewer mosquitoes and a strange increase in flies. Scientists say there is
unmistakable evidence F __________.
1. when the reindeer give birth in May
2. that Yamal’s ancient permafrost is melting
3. that the impact on Russia would be disastrous
4. when the ice was finally thick enough to cross
5. the environment is under pressure
6. and set up their camps in the southern forests
7. and in the end what is good for the reindeer is good for us
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,
соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Hazlitt’s Hotel
I took a cab to Hazlitt’s Hotel on Frith Street. I like Hazlitt’s because it’s intentionally obscure
—
it doesn’t have a sign or a plaque or anything at all to betray its purpose
—
which puts you in a rare position of strength with your cab driver. Let me say right now that London cab drivers
are without question the finest in the world. They are trustworthy, safe and honest, generally friendly and always
polite. They keep their vehicles spotless inside and out, and they will put themselves to the most extraordinary
inconvenience to drop you at the front entrance of your destination. There are really only a couple of odd things
about them. One is that they cannot drive more than two hundred feet in a straight line. I’ve never understood
this, but no matter where you are or what the driving conditions, every two hundred feet a little bell goes off in
their heads and they abruptly lunge down a side street. And when you get to your hotel or railway station or
wherever it is you are going, they like to drive you all the way around it so that you can see it from all angles
before alighting.
The other distinctive thing about them, and the reason I like to go to Hazlitt’s, is that they cannot bear to admit that they
don’t know the location of something they feel they ought to know, like a hotel, which I think is rather sweet. To become
a London cab driver you have to master something titled The Knowledge
—
in effect, learn every street, hospital, hotel, police station, cricket ground, cemetery and other notable landmarks
in this amazingly vast and confusing city. It takes years and the cabbies are justifiably proud of their achievement.
It would kill them to admit that there could exist in central Londona hotel that they have never heard of. So what
the cabbie does is probe. He drives in no particular direction for a block or two, then glances at you in the mirror
and in an overcasual voice says, “Hazlitt’s
—
that’s the one on Curzon Street, innit, guv? Opposite the Blue Lion?” But the instant he sees a knowing smile of
demurral forming on your lips, he hastily says, “No, hang on a minute, I’m thinking of the Hazelbury. Yeah, the
Hazelbury. You want Hazlitt’s, right?” He’ll drive on a bit in a fairly random direction. “That’s this side of
Shepherd’s Bush, innit?” he’ll suggest speculatively.
When you tell him that it’s on Frith Street, he says. “Yeah, that the one. Course it is. I know it – modern place, lots of glass”.
“Actually, it’s an eighteenth-century brick building.”
“Course it is. I know it.” And he immediately executes a dramatic U-turn, causing a passing cyclist to steer into a lamppost
(but that’s all right because he has on cycle clips and one of those geeky slip stream helmets that all but invite you to knock
him over). “Yeah, you had me thinking of the Hazelbury” the driver adds, chuckling as if to say it’s a lucky thing he sorted
that one out for you, and then lunges down a little side street off the Strand called Running Sore Lane or Sphincter Passage,
which, like so much else in London, you had never noticed was there before/
The narrator said that he liked London cab drivers because they
1) know all the hotels and streets in the city.
2) can be trusted and nice to deal with.
3) can drive in a straight line.
4) make friends easily.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,
соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Hazlitt’s Hotel
I took a cab to Hazlitt’s Hotel on Frith Street. I like Hazlitt’s because it’s intentionally obscure
—
it doesn’t have a sign or a plaque or anything at all to betray its purpose
—
which puts you in a rare position of strength with your cab driver. Let me say right now that London cab drivers
are without question the finest in the world. They are trustworthy, safe and honest, generally friendly and
always polite. They keep their vehicles spotless inside and out, and they will put themselves to the most
extraordinary inconvenience to drop you at the front entrance of your destination. There are really only a couple
of odd things about them. One is that they cannot drive more than two hundred feet in a straight line. I’ve never
understood this, but no matter where you are or what the driving conditions, every two hundred feet a little bell
goes off in their heads and they abruptly lunge down a side street. And when you get to your hotel or railway
station or wherever it is you are going, they like to drive you all the way around it so that you can see it from all
angles before alighting.
The other distinctive thing about them, and the reason I like to go to Hazlitt’s, is that they cannot bear to admit that they
don’t know the location of something they feel they ought to know, like a hotel, which I think is rather sweet. To become
a London cab driver you have to master something titled The Knowledge
—
in effect, learn every street, hospital, hotel, police station, cricket ground, cemetery and other notable
landmarks in this amazingly vast and confusing city. It takes years and the cabbies are justifiably proud of their
achievement. It would kill them to admit that there could exist in central Londona hotel that they have never
heard of. So what the cabbie does is probe. He drives in no particular direction for a block or two, then glances
at you in the mirror and in an overcasual voice says, “Hazlitt’s
—
that’s the one on Curzon Street, innit, guv? Opposite the Blue Lion?” But the instant he sees a knowing smile of
demurral forming on your lips, he hastily says, “No, hang on a minute, I’m thinking of the Hazelbury. Yeah, the
Hazelbury. You want Hazlitt’s, right?” He’ll drive on a bit in a fairly random direction. “That’s this side of
Shepherd’s Bush, innit?” he’ll suggest speculatively.
When you tell him that it’s on Frith Street, he says. “Yeah, that the one. Course it is. I know it – modern place, lots of
glass”.
“Actually, it’s an eighteenth-century brick building.”
“Course it is. I know it.” And he immediately executes a dramatic U-turn, causing a passing cyclist to steer into a lamppost
(but that’s all right because he has on cycle clips and one of those geeky slip stream helmets that all but invite you to
knock him over). “Yeah, you had me thinking of the Hazelbury” the driver adds, chuckling as if to say it’s a lucky thing he
sorted that one out for you, and then lunges down a little side street off the Strand called Running Sore Lane or Sphincter
Passage, which, like so much else in London, you had never noticed was there before.
Which of the following statements about London cab drivers is true according to the narrator?
1)
They have little bells in their cars.
2)
They let you see your hotel from all angles.
3)
They prefer side streets to main streets.
4)
They prefer driving in a straight line.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,
соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Hazlitt’s Hotel
I took a cab to Hazlitt’s Hotel on Frith Street. I like Hazlitt’s because it’s intentionally obscure
—
it doesn’t have a sign or a plaque or anything at all to betray its purpose
—
which puts you in a rare position of strength with your cab driver. Let me say right now that London cab
drivers are without question the finest in the world. They are trustworthy, safe and honest, generally
friendly and always polite. They keep their vehicles spotless inside and out, and they will put themselves
to the most extraordinary inconvenience to drop you at the front entrance of your destination. There are
really only a couple of odd things about them. One is that they cannot drive more than two hundred feet
in a straight line. I’ve never understood this, but no matter where you are or what the driving conditions,
every two hundred feet a little bell goes off in their heads and they abruptly lunge down a side street. And
when you get to your hotel or railway station or wherever it is you are going, they like to drive you all the
way around it so that you can see it from all angles before alighting.
The other distinctive thing about them, and the reason I like to go to Hazlitt’s, is that they cannot bear to admit
that they don’t know the location of something they feel they ought to know, like a hotel, which I think is
rather sweet. To become a London cab driver you have to master something titled The Knowledge
—
in effect, learn every street, hospital, hotel, police station, cricket ground, cemetery and other notable
landmarks in this amazingly vast and confusing city. It takes years and the cabbies are justifiably proud
of their achievement. It would kill them to admit that there could exist in central Londona hotel that they
have never heard of. So what the cabbie does is probe. He drives in no particular direction for a block or
two, then glances at you in the mirror and in an overcasual voice says, “Hazlitt’s
—
that’s the one on Curzon Street, innit, guv? Opposite the Blue Lion?” But the instant he sees a knowing
smile of demurral forming on your lips, he hastily says, “No, hang on a minute, I’m thinking of the
Hazelbury. Yeah, the Hazelbury. You want Hazlitt’s, right?” He’ll drive on a bit in a fairly random
direction. “That’s this side of Shepherd’s Bush, innit?” he’ll suggest speculatively.
When you tell him that it’s on Frith Street, he says. “Yeah, that the one. Course it is. I know it – modern place,
lots of glass”.
“Actually, it’s an eighteenth-century brick building.”
“Course it is. I know it.” And he immediately executes a dramatic U-turn, causing a passing cyclist to steer
into a lamppost (but that’s all right because he has on cycle clips and one of those geeky slip stream helmets
that all but invite you to knock him over). “Yeah, you had me thinking of the Hazelbury” the driver adds,
chuckling as if to say it’s a lucky thing he sorted that one out for you, and then lunges down a little side street
off the Strand called Running Sore Lane or Sphincter Passage, which, like so much else in London, you had
never noticed was there before.
A reason why the narrator liked to go to Hazlitt’s was that
1) it was in the center of the city.
2) cab drivers didn’t know where it was.
3) cab drivers liked driving there.
4) it was an old brick building.
According to the narrator, to be a London cab driver, one has to
1) know all streets and places in London.
2) be proud of the city.
3) be knowledgeable.
4) be ready to study the city for years.
According to the narrator, if the cab driver did not know a hotel in London
he would
1) panic.
2) ask the passenger.
3) never admit it.
4) use a map.
According to the narrator, when the driver finally knows where to go, he would
1) speed up.
2) turn the car in the opposite direction.
3) admit he was confused at first.
4) say you are lucky he knew the place.
What is the narrator’s general attitude towards London cab drivers?
1) Ironic.
2) Critical.
3) Aсcusatory.
4) Supportive.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Duration of life and its social implications
The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance,
when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first
time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A __________, with enormous consequences
for both rich and poor nations.
The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. B __________ a combination of the
high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are
bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population
will be more than nine billion by 2050.
The US census bureau was the first to sound C __________. Its latest forecasts warn
governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring
widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the
family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on
careers and social services providers,D __________ for health services and pensions systems.
“People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors conclude.
“This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant
challengeE __________ population.”
Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the
older dependency ratio, F __________ that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number
of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in
Kenya to 33 inItaly and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.
1. the change is due to
2. a huge shift towards an ageing population
3. as proportions of older people increase in most countries
4. while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications
5. which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country
6. the alarm about these changes
7. which shows the balance between working-age people and the older
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4,
соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Llandudno
Llandudno is truly a fine and handsome place, built on a generously proportioned bay and lined along its broad front
with a huddle of prim but gracious nineteenth-century hotels that reminded me in the fading light of a lineup of
Victorian nannies. Llandudno was purpose-built as a resort in the mid-1800s, and it cultivates a nice old-fashioned
air. I don’t suppose that Lewis Carroll, who famously strolled this front with little Alice Liddell in the 1860s, would
notice a great deal of change today.
To my consternation, the town was packed with weekending pensioners. Buses from all over were parked along the
side streets, every hotel I called at was full, and in every dining room I could see crowds – veritable oceans – of
nodding white heads spooning soup and conversing happily. Goodness knows what had brought them to the Welsh
seaside at this bleak time of year.
Farther on along the front there stood a clutch of guesthouses, large and virtually indistinguishable, and a few of
them had vacancy signs in their windows. I had eight or ten to choose from, which always puts me in a mild fret
because I have an unerring instinct for choosing badly. My wife can survey a row of guesthouses and instantly
identify the one run by a white-haired widow with a fondness for children, and sparkling bathroom facilities,
whereas I can generally count on choosing the one run by a guy with a grasping manner, and the sort of cough that
makes you wonder where he puts the phlegm. Such, I felt, would be the case tonight.
All the guesthouses had boards out front listing their many amenities –COLOUR TV, HOSPITALITY TRAYS, FULL
CENTRAL HEATING, and the coyly euphemistic EN SUITE ALL ROOMS, meaning private bathrooms. One place
offered satellite TV and a trouser press, and another boasted CURRENT FIRE CERTIFICATE – something I had
never thought to look for in a B&B. All this heightened my sense of unease and doom. How could I possibly choose
intelligently among such a variety of options?
I selected a place that looked reasonable enough from the outside – its board promised a color TV and coffee making
facilities, about all I require these days for a Saturday night – but from the moment I set foot in the door I knew it
was a bad choice. I was about to turn and flee when the owner emerged from a back room and stopped my retreat
with an unenthusiastic "Yes?" A short conversation revealed that a single room with breakfast was for ?19.50. It was
entirely out of the question that I would stay the night in such a dismal place at such an exorbitant price, so I said,
"That sounds fine," and signed in. Well, it’s so hard to say no.
My room was everything I expected it to be – cold and cheerless with laminated furniture, grubbily matted carpet,
and those mysterious ceiling stains that bring to mind a neglected corpse in the room above. There was a tray of
coffee things but the cups were disgusting, and the spoon was stuck to the tray.
The bathroom, faintly illuminated by a distant light activated by a length of string, had curling floor tiles and years
of accumulated dirt packed into every corner. I peered at the yellowy tile around the bath and sink and realized what
the landlord did with his phlegm. A bath was out of the question, so I threw some cold water on my face, dried it
with a towel that had the texture of shredded wheat, and gladly took my leave.
Llandudno is described as a
1) beautiful growing resort.
2) place famous for its comfortable hotels.
3) fashionable 19th century resort.
4)
place where Lewis Carroll lived.
The phrase “veritable oceans” in paragraph 2 refers to
1) old people dining in cafes.
2) hotel dining rooms.
3) hotel guests wearing white hats.
4) buses crowded with old Welsh people.
When choosing a guesthouse the narrator was worried because he
1) did not know what to look for.
2) missed his wife for help.
3) could not find a place run by a kind old widow.
4) wasn’t good at making the right choice.
The narrator thought that the choice of a guesthouse used to be easier because
1) there were fewer options on offer.
2) there were fewer guest houses.
3) all hotels had a private bathroom.
4) they were all of B&B type.
Why did the narrator agree to the room?
1) There was a TV and a coffee maker.
2) He felt sorry for the landlord.
3) It was really cheap.
4) He could not refuse the offer.
Why was the bath out of the question?
1) There was no hot water.
2) There was no light.
3) The bathtub was dirty.
4) The water was too cold.
What is the narrator’s attitude towards the room he stayed in?
1) Indifferent.
2) Critical.
3) Surprised.
4) Positive.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы
в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Old word – new meaning
5. For travellers' needs
2. Not for profit
6. For body and mind
3. Generosity to taste
7. Under lock and key
4. New word – old service
8. Cheap yet safe
A. The residents of the southern United States are particularly warm to visitors, ready to
welcome them to their homes and to the South in general. Food places an important role in the
traditions of southern hospitality. A cake or other delicacy is often brought to the door of a
new neighbor as a means of introduction. When a serious illness occurs, neighbors, friends,
and church members generally bring food to that family as a form of support and
encouragement.
B. Destination spas exist for those who only can take a short term trip, but still want to develop
healthy habits. Guests reside and participate in the program at a destination spa instead of just
visiting it for a treatment or pure vacation. Typically over a seven-day stay, such facilities
provide a program that includes spa services, physical fitness activities, wellness education,
healthy cuisine and special interest programming.
C. When people travel, stay in a hotel, eat out, or go to the movies, they rarely think that they are
experiencing many-sided, vast and very diverse hospitality industry. The tourism industry is
very challenging for those who work there, as they should be able to meet a wide variety of
needs and to be flexible enough to anticipate them. The right person to help us feel at home
likes working with the public, and enjoys solving puzzles.
D. Ten years ago, with the help of friends and family, Veit Kühne founded Hospitality Club as a
general-purpose Internet-based hospitality exchange organization. Now, it is one of the largest
hospitality networks with members in 226 countries. This is a completely free organization,
which involves no money. The core activity is the exchange of accommodation, when hosts
offer their guests the possibility to stay free at their homes.
E. To the ancient Greeks and Romans, hospitality was a divine right. The host was expected to
make sure the needs of his guests were seen to. In the contemporary West, hospitality is rarely
associated with generously provided care and kindness to whoever is in need or strangers.
Now it is only a service that includes hotels, casinos, and resorts, which offer comfort and
guidance to strangers, but only as part of a business relationship.
F. A bed and breakfast is a type of overnight accommodation with breakfast offered in
someone's private home. This type of service was established in Europe many years ago and
its roots lie a long way back in history when monasteries provided bed and breakfasts for
travelers. But the term appeared in the UK only after World War II, when numerous
foreigners needed a place to stay and local people opened their homes and started serving
breakfast to those overnight guests.
G. Hostels are nothing more than budget oriented, sociable accommodation where guests can
rent a bed, and share a bathroom, lounge and sometimes a kitchen. But somehow there are
misconceptions that a hostel is a kind of homeless shelter, a dangerous place where young
people can face potential threat. This does not reflect the high quality and level of
professionalism in many modern hostels.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Welcome to the Smithsonian
When you visit any of the Smithsonian’s 19 museums and galleries or the National
zoo, you are entering the largest museum complex in the world. This complex holds about
137 million unique objects in its trust for the American people.
The Smithsonian was established in 1846 with funds given to the United States by
James Smithson, an English scientist. The main idea was to increase and spread
knowledge for free. And now all Smithsonian institutions are still devoted to public
education, A__________ history.
Ten Smithsonian museums and galleries are located in the centre of the U.S. capital.
Six other museums and the National zoo are nearby in the Washington metropolitan
area, B__________.
The 19th and the newest museum C__________ is the National Museum of African
American history and culture. It is now operating in the form of a virtual museum. Its key
feature is the memory book, D__________. These diverse memories are linked to each
other and to the museum content,E__________.
The Smithsonian complex is home to the world’s foremost research centres in science,
the arts and the humanities. Besides the basic research F__________, there are a number
of special facilities. Conservation centre at the zoo studies rare and endangered species,
environment centre carries out research in ecosystems in the coastal area.
1. that is carried on regularly in each of the museums
2. providing different materials in the arts, science and
3. placing a spotlight on people and events in African American history
4. that has been established within the Smithsonian complex
5. which allows website visitors to upload their own stories or images
6. and visitors can enjoy watching rare exhibits on
7. and two museums are situated in New York City
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании укажите номер
выбранного Вами варианта ответа.
For almost 125 years, the secrecy surrounding the recipe for Coca-Cola has been one
of the world’s great marketing tricks. As the story goes, the fizzy drink’s famous ‘7X’ formula
has remained unchanged since it was developed in 1886. Today, the recipe is entrusted
only to two Coke executives, neither of whom can travel on the same plane for fear the
secret would go down with them.
Now, one of America’s most celebrated radio broadcasters claims to have discovered
the Coke secret. Ira Glass, presenter of the public radio institution This American Life, says
he has tracked down a copy of the recipe, the original of which is still supposedly held in a
burglar-proof vault at the Sun Trust Bank in Atlanta, Georgia.
The formula was created by John Pemberton, an Atlanta chemist and former
Confederate army officer who crafted cough medicines in his spare time. In 1887, he sold
the recipe to a businessman, Asa Griggs, who immediately placed it for safekeeping in the
Georgia Trust Bank.
Glass came across a recipe that he believes is the secret formula in a back issue of
Pemberton’s local paper, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, while he was researching an
entirely different story. Tucked away on an inside page of the 8 February 1979 edition, he
stumbled on an article that claimed to have uncovered the closely guarded 7X formula.
The column was based on information found in an old leather-bound notebook that
belonged to Pemberton’s best friend and fellow Atlanta chemist, RR Evans. Glass was
intrigued and, after some digging, found that the notebook had been handed down over
generations until it reached a chemist inGeorgia called Everett Beal, whose widow still
possesses it.
The rediscovered recipe includes extract of coca leaves, caffeine, plenty of sugar (it
specifies 30 unidentified units thought to be pounds), lime juice, vanilla and caramel. Into
that syrup, the all-important 7X ingredients are added: alcohol and six oils – orange, lemon,
nutmeg, coriander, neroli and cinnamon. The formula is very similar to the recipe worked
out by Mark Pendergrast who wrote a history of the drink in 1993 called For God, Country &
Coca-Cola.
Coke’s secret recipe is, in fact, partly a myth. The soda has changed substantially over
time. Cocaine, a legal stimulant in Pemberton’s day, was removed from the drink in 1904
after mounting public unease about the drug. Extract of coca leaves is still used but only
after the cocaine has been removed.
In 1980, the company replaced sugar, squeezed from beet and cane, with the cheaper
corn sweetener that is often found in American food and drink. Coke fans were not
impressed.
Despite such occasional controversies, one element has remained constant: Coke’s
commitment to keeping its own secret. Speculation about the recipe has been a popular
talking point for more than a century, proving good for business. The company has
reacted to the This American Life story in a way that has been typical of its commercial
strategy since the 19th century. “Many third parties have tried to crack our secret formula.
Try as they might, they’ve been unsuccessful,” Coca-Cola’s Kerry Tressler said.
The best title reflecting the message of the story probably is
1) The History of Coca-Cola company.
2) Coca-Cola secret recipe revealed?
3) Tracking down the famous recipe.
4) The secret recipe is a fraud.
Who is supposed to know the Coke secret recipe nowadays?
1) Certain Coca-Cola executives.
2) A broadcaster.
3) The director of Atlanta Sun Trust Bank.
4) RR Evans.
How did Ira Glass learn about the recipe?
1) Talking to a relative of John Pemberton.
2) Working in Atlanta archives.
3) Accidentally reading an article in an old Atlanta paper.
4) Studying an old notebook that belonged to Pemberton.
Which of the following does NOT belong to the famous 7X ingredients?
1) Orange oil.
2) Caffeine.
3) Nutmeg oil.
4) Alcohol.
Why might the secret recipe be considered a myth?
1) The recipe has never existed.
2) It has never been a secret.
3) The company has been regularly changing the ingredients.
4) The quality of the ingredients has been changing.
What disappointed Coca-Cola fans in 1980?
1) Sugar was removed from the drink.
2) The price of the drink went up with the price of sugar.
3) Beet and cane sugar was replaced with the corn one.
4) The recipe of the drink was revealed.
The phrase “proving good for business” in the last paragraph means that the rumors
about the recipe …
1) provided unnecessary problems for the company.
2) helped the company’s sales.
3) were supported by the company.
4) helped to keep the recipe in secret.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1
–
8 и текстами A
–
G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В
задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Earth is not enough
5. Taste of culture
2. The word came first
6. Not only exercising
3. Challenging the skilful
7. To preserve and respect
4. Coloured stereotype
8. Follow the idol
A. Entering the English language in the late nineteenth century, the word safari meant a trip toAfrica for a big-game
hunt. Today the term refers to a trip taken not to hunt, but to observe and photograph the animals and other wildlife.
This activity had become so popular that it has originated a certain style of fashion. It includes khaki clothing,
belted bush jackets, helmets and animal skin prints, like leopard's skin, for example.
B. The purpose of ecological tourism is to educate the traveler, provide funds for conservation and promote respect for
different cultures and human rights. The participants of ecotourism want the environment to stay relatively
untouched by human intervention, so that coming generations can experience it fully. That is why ecotourism
appeals to ecologically and socially conscious individuals, who don’t mind volunteering.
C. People who like seeing dangerous places, such as mountains, jungles and deserts, participating in dangerous events,
and experiencing extreme sport definitely appreciate extreme tourism or shock tourism. This type of tourism is
based on two key factors. The first one is an addiction to adrenaline caused by an element of risk. And another one
is the opportunity to show a high degree of engagement and professionalism.
D. Culinary tourism is something you can enjoy if you like good food and want each of your dishes to be a unique and
memorable experience. But culinary tourism also considers food to be a vital component of traditions and history of
any country, region or city. The tourists believe that by experiencing each other’s foods people can learn something
new about each other’s lives.
E. Space tourism used to mean ordinary members of the public buying tickets to travel to space and back. That is why
many people find this idea revolutionary. But over the past few years a growing volume of work has been done on
the subject, and it's clear that commercial space tourism is a realistic target for business today. Market research has
shown that many people in the developed countries would like to take a trip to space if it were possible.
F. The sports tourism industry has earned an international reputation because it is open to everyone: amateurs, fans,
and professional athletes with their trainers and coaches who come for a range of activities from training camps
through friendship games to international championship competitions. Sport tourism combines the opportunity for
athletes and sportspeople to benefit from sports activities with a relaxing and enjoyable vacation.
G. To go to Tunisia to explore the place where the film Star Wars was made or to New Zealand after The Lord of the
Rings is very easy for those who practice pop-culture tourism and like to travel to locations featured in literature,
films, music, or any other form of popular entertainment. But pop-culture tourism is not only about going to
popular destinations. In some respects it is very similar to a pilgrimage, only the places are new, for example Elvis
Presley's Graceland.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A
–
F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1
–
7. Одна из частей в списке 1
–
7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений,
в таблицу.
National Gallery of Art
The National Gallery of Art was created in Washington D.C. for the people of the United States in
1937. It started with the gift of the financier and art collector A__________. His gift also included
a building to house the new museum, to be constructed on the National Mall. Opened to the public
in 1941, this grand building, B__________, was at the time the largest marble structure in the
world.
The newly created National Gallery soon attracted similar gifts from hundreds of other collectors.
This tradition of generosity continues to this day with gifts from private donors and
artists C__________.
The gallery’s East building contains the collection of modern and contemporary painting,
sculpture,D__________. The East and West buildings are connected by an underground tunnel
with a moving walkway.
The National Gallery enjoys federal support, E__________, to fulfill its mission to exhibit and
interpret great works of European and American art in the nation’s collection. Since its founding,
federal funds have fostered the protection and care of the art collection and have supported the
gallery’s work, ensuring F__________. Private funding helped to create a renowned collection of
works of art and to construct the two landmark buildings. Private support makes possible to
arrange a changing programme of special exhibitions.
1. which is now called the West building
2. that the gallery brings daily profit to the country
3. who are willing to share their possessions with the public
4. who presented old master paintings and sculptures to the countr
5. as well as partnership with private organizations
6. that the gallery is open daily and free of charge
7. as well as an advanced research centre and an art library
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15
–
А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2,3 или 4, соответствующую
выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Family Fortune
In 1840, times were hard for Bentley Harcourt. He had a farm in Yorkshire, but it didn’t make
money. He wanted to marry but decided to wait until better times came along. Better times did
not come along. One day, he saw a newspaper article about the American West. It sounded
like the land of milk and honey. He thought about it. He had no family. Nobody cared if he lived
or died. Why not make a new life in the New World? He sold his farm and immigrated
to America. After a year of drifting he found himself in Texas. He loved it. He loved the fact that
you could travel for days and not meet another soul. He used his savings to buy some land. That
year he died.
In 1910, an oil company moved on to his land and found oil. They took millions of barrels of oil
out of the ground, all the profits due to the owner of the land were paid into a bank account in
Houston, where they waited for a relative to claim them. The money sat in the bank for years. By
1975, the amount stood at two billion dollars.
In 1975, in Bradford, England, a man called David Kingsley took up a new hobby
–
tracing his family tree. He studied church records, visited museums, checked every
reference to families called Kingsley. He also checked on his mother’s family. They were
called Harcourt. He discovered one day that his mother’s great-great uncle, a man with the
splendid name of Bentley Harcourt, had sailed from Liverpool to America.
In the same year, shortly after learning about his great-great uncle, Kingsley read a magazine
article about a fortune that lay unclaimed in a Texas bank. This article told the story of a lonely
immigrant called Bentley Harcourt, and about how he had died shortly after buying his dream
ranch in Texas. The magazine promised to pay the legal expenses of anyone who could claim to
be a descendant and who might be entitled to the fortune. Kingsley read the story with mounting
excitement. Surely, this must be the same Bentley Harcourt that he had come across during his
research into his family tree! He talked the matter over with his wife and then wrote to the
magazine.
As it turned out, Kingsley was not the only one who claimed to be a descendant. By the end of
1977, over 60 people were claiming they were entitled to the fortune. The arguments, the
quarrels, and the court cases went on, and on, and on. In the end, Kingsley did not get the
money, but, funnily enough, he didn’t mind. He had found something much more important. He
had a great-great uncle named Bentley Harcourt, there was no doubt about that. But, amazingly,
it was a different Bentley Harcourt. It seemed impossible that there could be two people with
such an unusual name, but it was true. This Bentley Harcourt had settled in Orange
Country, California, and had made his fortune in fish canning. He married a hardworking
Swedish girl, and they had thirteen children. David Kingsley had found a different treasure: a
branch of his family across the Atlantic. The two families wrote to each other. Later, they visited
each other. They became the best of friends.
And the fortune of the other Bentley Harcourt? It is still unclaimed. As I write this, the sum
stands at 2.3 billion dollars. This may be a good moment to start tracing your family tree!
What did Bentley Harcourt think about the American West when he read the newspaper
article?
1) He thought it was a land with a lot of free food.
2) He thought he might find himself a wife there.
3) He thought it was a land where life was easy and wonderful.
4) He thought he could hide himself there from people.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15
А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2,3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами
варианту ответа.
Family Fortune
In 1840, times were hard for Bentley Harcourt. He had a farm in Yorkshire, but it didn’t make money. He wanted
to marry but decided to wait until better times came along. Better times did not come along. One day, he saw a
newspaper article about the American West. It sounded like the land of milk and honey. He thought about it. He
had no family. Nobody cared if he lived or died. Why not make a new life in the New World? He sold his farm
and immigrated to America. After a year of drifting he found himself in Texas. He loved it. He loved the fact that
you could travel for days and not meet another soul. He used his savings to buy some land. That year he died.
In 1910, an oil company moved on to his land and found oil. They took millions of barrels of oil out of the
ground, all the profits due to the owner of the land were paid into a bank account in Houston, where they waited
for a relative to claim them. The money sat in the bank for years. By 1975, the amount stood at two billion
dollars.
In 1975, in Bradford, England, a man called David Kingsley took up a new hobby
–
tracing his family tree. He studied church records, visited museums, checked every reference to
families called Kingsley. He also checked on his mother’s family. They were called Harcourt. He
discovered one day that his mother’s great-great uncle, a man with the splendid name of Bentley
Harcourt, had sailed from Liverpool to America.
In the same year, shortly after learning about his great-great uncle, Kingsley read a magazine article about a
fortune that lay unclaimed in a Texas bank. This article told the story of a lonely immigrant called Bentley
Harcourt, and about how he had died shortly after buying his dream ranch in Texas. The magazine promised to
pay the legal expenses of anyone who could claim to be a descendant and who might be entitled to the fortune.
Kingsley read the story with mounting excitement. Surely, this must be the same Bentley Harcourt that he had
come across during his research into his family tree! He talked the matter over with his wife and then wrote to the
magazine.
As it turned out, Kingsley was not the only one who claimed to be a descendant. By the end of 1977, over 60
people were claiming they were entitled to the fortune. The arguments, the quarrels, and the court cases went on,
and on, and on. In the end, Kingsley did not get the money, but, funnily enough, he didn’t mind. He had found
something much more important. He had a great-great uncle named Bentley Harcourt, there was no doubt about
that. But, amazingly, it was a different Bentley Harcourt. It seemed impossible that there could be two people
with such an unusual name, but it was true. This Bentley Harcourt had settled in Orange Country, California, and
had made his fortune in fish canning. He married a hardworking Swedish girl, and they had thirteen children.
David Kingsley had found a different treasure: a branch of his family across the Atlantic. The two families wrote
to each other. Later, they visited each other. They became the best of friends.
And the fortune of the other Bentley Harcourt? It is still unclaimed. As I write this, the sum stands at 2.3 billion
dollars. This may be a good moment to start tracing your family tree!
Why did the oil company decide to send part of the profits to the bank?
1) The money belonged to the owner of the land.
2) It was required by the owner of the land.
3) They wanted to hide it from the owner of the land.
4) They wanted to buy the land out for that money.
How did David Kingsley learn about the unclaimed money in the Texas bank?
1) He found the information in church records.
2) His great-great uncle wrote to him about it.
3) He learned it from his mother’s relatives.
4) He found the story in a magazine.
David Kingsley thought that the owner of the Texas ranch was
1) of no relation to him.
2) related to his mother.
3) related to his father.
4) related to the Harcourt from Orange Country.
Why was David Kingsley surprised to find another Bentley Harcourt who had left
for America?
1) Bentley Harcourt had not many close relatives and descendants.
2) The name was too unusual for there being two of them.
3) He didn’t come across him in the family tree.
4) Harcourt’s relatives had never contacted him.
David Kingsley never got Bentley Harcourt’s money because he
1) didn’t want to quarrel with other candidates.
2) didn’t prove in court that its owner was his relative.
3) decided that the other descendants deserved it more.
4) thought that that money was not important.
Why does the narrator advise the readers to study their family trees?
1) They may find relatives who would turn into best friends.
2) Some of them might still be Bentley Harcourt’s relatives.
3) There is a chance to find some rich relatives.
4) This study may become a very profitable hobby.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы в
таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Inspired by noble goals
5. Hard to see and to believe
2. Protected by law
6. Hard to explain how they could
3. Small size
7. Breathtaking just to watch
–
great opportunities
8. From travelling to discovery
4. Little experience – big success
A. Charles Darwin’s five-year voyage on H.M.S. Beagle has become legendary and greatly influenced his
masterwork, the book, On the Origin of Species. Darwin didn’t actually formulate his theory of evolution
while sailing around the world aboard the Royal Navy ship. But the exotic plants and animals he
encountered challenged his thinking and led him to consider scientific evidence in new ways.
B. The 19th century was a remarkable time for exploration. Vast portions of the globe, such as the interior
of Africa, were mapped by explorers and adventurers. It was the time when David Livingstone became
convinced of his mission to reach new peoples in Africa and introduce them to Christianity, as well as free
them from slavery.
C. Louis Pasteur's various investigations convinced him of the rightness of his germ theory of disease, which
holds that germs attack the body from outside. Many felt that such tiny organisms as germs could not
possibly kill larger ones such as humans. But Pasteur extended this theory to explain the causes of many
diseases – including cholera, TB and smallpox – and their prevention by vaccination.
D. Frederick Law Olmsted, the architect who designed New York City’s Central Park, called theYosemite
Valley “the greatest glory of nature.” Californians convinced one of their representatives, Senator John
Conness, to do something about its protection. In May 1864, Conness introduced legislation to bring the
Yosemite Valley under the control of the state ofCalifornia. President Abraham Lincoln signed the bill into
law.
E. The Maya thrived for nearly 2,000 years. Without the use of the cartwheel or metal tools, they built
massive stone structures. They were accomplished scientists. They tracked a solar year of 365 days and one
of the few surviving ancient Maya books contains tables of eclipses. From observatories, like the one
at Chichen Itza, they tracked the progress of the war star, Mars.
F.
Bali has been a surfing hotspot since the early 20th century, and continues to attract surfers from all over
the world. The island's small size and unique geography provides wonderful surfing conditions, in all
seasons, for surfers of any level of experience. Inexperienced surfers might like to try Kuta's kind waves,
while more able surfers will try Nusa Dua's powerful waves.
G. Base jumping is an extreme sport, one which only very adventurous travelers enjoy. Some base jumpers
leap off bridges, others off buildings and the most extreme off cliffs in Norway. Once a year, base jumpers
in the US get to leap off the New River Bridge in West Virginia. During the annual Bridge Day, hundreds
of jumpers can go off the bridge legally. Thousands of spectators show up to watch.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Arizona’s world class cruise
Spectacular Canyon Lake is situated in the heart of
the Superstition Mountains in Arizona, giving home to the Dolly Steamboat. The Dolly
Steamboat, A __________, now cruises the secluded inner waterways of this beautiful lake.
It is worth exploring this favourite destination of President Theodore Roosevelt who
declared, “The Apache Trail and surrounding area combines the grandeur of the Alps, the
glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and then adds
somethingB __________.” You will marvel as you travel up to the national forest, which
provides the most inspiring and beautiful panorama C __________. Every trip brings new
discoveries of rock formations, geological history, and the flora and fauna distinct to the
deserts of Arizona.
Once aboard the Dolly Steamboat, you may view the majestic desert big horn sheep,
bald eagles and a host bird of other wildlife, water fowl, D __________. Experience the
unique sound harmony that is created by the waters of Canyon Lake. Stretch out and relax
at one of the tables or stand next to the railings on the deck. There is plenty of leg room on
the Dolly. You will get a unique chance to listen to the captain E __________.
All the passengers are treated with outstanding service and personal attention to every
need. Feel free to ask questions, move about and mingle with the crew. So enjoy an
unforgettable vacation cruise and see F __________ like a ride on Arizona’s Dolly
Steamboat.
1. that none of the others have
2. who pays much attention to children’s safety
3. continuing a tradition of cruising since 1925
4. hovering over the magnificent lake
5. that nature has ever created in the wild
6. who retells the legends of the mysterious past
7. for yourself why there is nothing quite
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании укажите номер выбран
варианта ответа.
Chronic lack of sleep affects one in three British workers
One in three British workers suffers from poor sleep, research shows, with
stress, computers and taking work home blamed for the lack of quality sleep. Some
employees get fewer than five hours sleep a night, only one in seven feels
completely refreshed when they wake and more women have poor shut-eye than
men. The alarming findings emerged from a study of self-assessments completed by
38,784 staff working in the UK for firms such as telecoms firm, O2, drugs developer,
Quintiles and medical technology manufacturer, Medtronic.
A third were dissatisfied with the amount and quality of their sleep, with 8.4%
saying they were "very unhappy" with it, and another 24.4% describing themselves
as "unhappy". When asked how they felt 30 minutes after getting up, only 15.5%
said "refreshed". Of the others, 3.3% said they were "exhausted", 24% said
"unrefreshed" and 57.2% were still "a little tired".
While experts say that everyone should ideally get seven to eight hours sleep a
night, only 38.5% of the 38,784 respondents did so. More had between five and
seven hours (45%), only a lucky 10% reported sleeping for eight to nine hours and
one in 100 enjoyed more than nine hours.
When researchers combined those results to give each respondent an overall "sleep
score" out of 100, some 33.8% got a mark of less than 30 — the lowest category. That
means someone either has, or is at high risk of developing, a sleeping problem. "This
research is telling us that a large number of working adults, one in three in the UK, has a
sleeping problem," said Dr Tony Massey, medical director of Vielife, the health and
productivity firm that carried out the assessments between 2009 and 2011. "A very
concerning number of British workers get too little sleep." Britain is near the top of an
international league table for lack of sleep. A Vielife study of 116,452 staff
in America found that 23.4% scored poorly for sleep.
The extent of inadequate rest has prompted fears that many people are too
tired to do their jobs properly, with some so sleep-deprived their brains are as
confused as if they had consumed too much alcohol.
"Too few people practice sleep hygiene," said Massey. "That involves little things that
people can do without professional help, like ensuring your room is dark and quiet,
getting to bed at the same time every night — just like a two-year-old — reading a book,
which is a proven relaxant, and not looking at bright screens, such as the TV or
computer, for an hour before you go to bed as that will disturb your sleep."
The growing tendency for employees to do extra work in the evenings and at
weekends, which may have risen in the recession, also seems to be linked to poor
sleep. "More people are scrunching the golden hour before they go to sleep, and
they are paying the price in that their sleep isn't refreshing and they end up in
a vicious cycle of fatigue, poor productivity and then feeling that they have to do
the same again the next day to compensate," said Massey.
The best guarantee of good quality shut-eye is to work five days a week and
sleep seven to eight hours a night. Five-days-a-week staff had the best sleep score,
while those getting seven to eight hours a night scored 72.7.
"These are very worrying findings because lack of sleep is a risk factor for a
whole range of serious health problems, such as stroke and heart disease," said
Massey.
Which of the following is mentioned among the reasons for poorer sleep?
1) Work for telecom firms.
2) Consumption of drugs.
3) Work done at home.
4) Lack of communication.
According to the research, just about … percent of people have the recommended
number of sleeping hours.
1) forty
2) twenty
3) thirty
4) ten
Paragraph 4 stresses that …
1) the “sleep score” in Britain is relatively low.
2) many people in Britain are unaware of sleeping disorders.
3) the number of Britons who don’t get enough sleep is alarming.
4) British workers get more sleep than American ones.
The inadequate nighttime rest of employees might result in …
1) brain damage.
2) inefficiency at work.
3) lack of job satisfaction.
4) problems with alcohol.
What does “sleep hygiene” NOT involve?
1) Professional help.
2) A darkened room.
3) A relaxing book.
4) Regular bedtime.
The phrase “vicious cycle” in paragraph 7 means …
1) a sudden wave of tiredness.
2) a course of everyday events.
3) a large amount of extra work.
4) a repetitive cycle of poor sleep consequences.
What, according to the article, is important for good quality sleep?
1) Higher productivity at work.
2) A five-day working week.
3) Five to seven hours of nighttime sleep.
4) Absence of health problems.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы в таб
Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Reaching a target audience
5. Careless behaviour
2. Let the air in
6. Original meaning
3. Using modern technology
7. Needs protection
4. Violating regulations
8. Use of a dead language
A. Distance education or e-learning offers several advantages. Students participating in elearning programs are often able to set their own schedules and work at their own pace.
The learning experience can be supported by multimedia such as videos, interactive
websites, and real-time conferencing with experts from anywhere in the world.
Additionally, e-learning programs are less expensive than traditional ones.
B. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm did not expect to create a children's collection of fairy tales.
Instead, they wanted to preserve Germany's oral tradition by collecting different stories.
Not until several editions of their collection were published did the brothers realize that
children were to be a major audience. Once the Brothers Grimm saw this new public, they
tried to refine and soften their tales, which had originated centuries earlier as folklore.
C. The five Potter books have sold 250 million copies worldwide in 55 languages, including
Latin and Ancient Greek. In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, J.K. Rowlings uses
spells and charms that are largely based on Latin. But one of the most serious spells,
Avada Kedavra, may be a variant of "abracadabra". In the Harry Potter series, it is a spell
that causes death. Harry Potter is the only one known to have survived it.
D. Critics of the Harry Potter books point out that the main characters who are supposed to
be “good” are consistently and regularly portrayed as breaking all manner of ethical rules
like those against lying, cheating, and stealing. They also regularly break school rules
against behavior like going out at night, using magic in the Muggle world, and so forth.
E. On Christmas Eve of 1968, NASA astronaut William Anders, while orbiting the moon
with the Apollo 8 mission, took a photograph that provided a foundation for the modern
green movement. His photo shows a small, blue planet Earth peeking over the horizon of
the Moon. The image of a small planet, alone in a vast ocean of space, showed billions of
people the fragility of our planet and the importance of preserving and protecting Earth.
F. There are many indoor air pollutants that can be harmful. Indoor air can be up to 100
times more polluted than outdoor air. Organic compounds from some paints, carpets,
synthetic fabrics and adhesives are a known health hazard, contributing to the disease
known as Sick Building Syndrome. Proper technology can help – open windows to let
fresh air in and bad air out.
G. Some people, especially in rural areas, burn their trash in pits or barrels. It seems an easy
way to get rid of your garbage, but the smoke it creates has a lot of really unhealthy toxic
chemicals. Burning things like foam cups, plastics, and colored and bleached paper in
backyards or even fireplaces causes toxic smoke that can spread throughout the
neighborhood.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Lots of fun in Cardiff
As you would expect of a capital city, Cardiff offers a huge choice of exciting sport and
entertainment throughout the year.
Every March the city celebrates St. David, Wales’ patron saint, with parades and music.
August sees the International Festival of Street Entertainment, with the heart of the
city A __________. Family fun days in the parks and at the waterfront are part of this
sensational summer scene. Brass and military bands are often to be seen on Cardiff’s
streets. Between May and October the world’s only seagoing paddle steamer cruises
from Cardiff’s seaside resort.
In autumn the fun continues with Cardiff’s Festival of the Arts B __________. Music is at
the centre of the festival, with international stars C __________. Christmas in Cardiff is full
of colour and festivities. The truly spectacular Christmas illuminations have
earned Cardiff the title of “Christmas City”. And there is entertainment for all the
family, D __________.
There is always something happening in Cardiff. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales and
Welsh National Opera can both be heard here. Cardiff previews many London “West End”
showsE __________.
The city’s range of accommodation facilities is truly impressive, F __________. And with a
city as compact as Cardiff there are places to stay in all price brackets.
1. joining some of Wales’ most talented musicians
2. having their summer holidays in Cardiff
3. beating with dance and theatrical performances
4. from pantomimes to Christmas tree celebrations
5. which features music, film, literature and graphics
6. from international names to family-run guest houses
7. that usually attract hundreds of theatre lovers
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании укажите номер
выбранного Вами варианта ответа.
Do you believe in climate change?
This may seem like an odd question for a climate scientist to ask, but it is one I am
constantly asked now. The typical discussion starts: "I know that the climate is
changing, but hasn't it always changed through natural cycles?" Then they will often
give an example, such as the medieval warm period to prove their point.
Those asking the question include a wide range of people I meet in the pub,
friends, politicians and, increasingly, even some of those active in sustainable
development and the renewable energy businesses. What I find interesting is that I
have known many of these people for a long time and they never asked me this before.
Recent studies show that public acceptance of the scientific evidence for manmade climate change has decreased. However, the change is not that great. The
difference I find in talking to people is that they feel better able to express their doubts.
This is very hard for scientists to understand. The scientific evidence that humanity
is having an effect on the climate is overwhelming and increasing every year. Yet public
perception of this is confused. People modify their beliefs about uncomfortable truth,
they may have become bored of constantly hearing about climate change; or external
factors such as the financial crisis may have played a role.
Around three years ago, I raised the issue of the way that science can be misused.
In some cases scare stories in the media were over-hyping climate change, and I think
we are paying the price for thisnow with a reaction the other way. I was concerned then
that science is not always presented objectively by the media. What I don't think any of
us appreciated at the time was the depth of disconnect between the scientific process
and the public.
Which brings me to the question, should you believe in climate change? The first point to
make is that it's not something you should believe or not believe in – this is a matter of
science and therefore of evidence – and there's a lot of it out there. On an issue this
important, I think people should look at that evidence and make their own mind up. We are
often very influenced by our own personal experience. After a couple of cold winters in
the UK, the common question was: "Has climate change stopped?" despite that fact that
many other regions of the world were experiencing record warm temperatures. And 2010
was one of the warmest years on record. For real evidence of climate change, we have to
look at the bigger picture.
You can see research by the Met Office that shows the evidence of man-made
warming is even stronger than it was when the last report was published. A whole range
of different datasets and independent analyses show the world is warming. There is a
broad consensus that over the last half-century, warming has been rapid, and manmade greenhouse gas emissions are very likely to be the cause.
Ultimately, as the planet continues to warm, the issue of whether you believe in
climate change will become more and more irrelevant. We will all experience the
impacts of climate change in some way, so the evidence will be there in plain sight.
The more appropriate questions for today are how will our climate change and how can we
prepare for those changes? That's why it's important that climate scientists continue their
work, and continue sharing their evidence and research so people can stay up to date – and
make up their own minds.
Paragraph 1 says that people …
1) think that the climate is not changing.
2) doubt that climate change is man-made.
3) believe that in medieval times climate was harsh.
4) tend to ask strange questions about climate change.
According to recent studies of public attitude to climate change, more and more people …
1) refuse to accept the scientific proof of warming.
2) know that there is no clear evidence of climate change.
3) think that scientists are wrong about climate warming.
4) have stopped trusting climate science.
What is meant by “uncomfortable truth” in paragraph 4?
1) Scientific reports on climate.
2) Evidence of man-made climate change.
3) World financial crisis.
4) People’s personal beliefs.
What does “this” in paragraph 5 refer to?
1) Scientific evidence of climate change.
2) Negative public attitude to climate change.
3) The way the climate change used to be presented.
4) The historical impact of climate change.
The author gives the example of cold winters in the UK to point out that …
1) the weather in Britain has always been unpredictable.
2) the Met Office doesn’t make public the evidence it collected.
3) there is evidence that the climate change has stopped finally.
4) people draw conclusions based on their own experience rather than scientific evidence.
How does the author feel about the evidence of climate change?
1) It’s not enough yet.
2) It’s not very convincing.
3) It soon would become conclusive.
4) It’s irrelevant so far.
The author wants climate scientists to continue their work because …
1) they have not shared their findings with the public.
2) people need to know how to get ready for changes.
3) society demands more research in this field.
4) people don’t want to make up their own minds.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои
ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один
заголовок лишний.
1. The best viewpoints
5. Carnival’s music
2. Plan beforehand
6. Styles of dancing
3. Carnival roots
7. A music group for a street
4. The time to attend the Carnival
8. The time for pleasure
A. Carnival is the most famous holiday in Brazil and has become a world-famous annual
celebration. It is celebrated in towns and villages throughout Brazil for almost a week 40 days
before Easter, which is usually in February, the hottest month in the Southern Hemisphere.
Officially, it starts on Saturday and finishes on Fat Tuesday with the beginning of Lent on
Ash Wednesday, during which some Christians give up something that they enjoy.
B. The most colourful events take place in the Carnival World Capital, Rio de Janeiro. It was the
original place where, in 1723, Portuguese immigrants went out onto the streets soaking each
other with buckets of water and throwing mud and food, often ending up in street brawls and
riots. The concept kept changing throughout the 1800s with more organized parades, where
the Emperor with a group of aristocrats joined in masks with luxurious costumes and music.
C. Now the parade varies from state to state. It is a mixture of arts. The music played during Rio
Carnival is samba – a unique Brazilian music originating from Rio. It’s also a dance form that
was invented by the poor Afro-Brazilians as a type of ritual music. The word “samba” meant
to pray to the spirits of the ancestors and the gods of the African Pantheon. As a noun, it could
mean a complaint or a cry.
D. Even today, the most involved groups in Rio Carnival are the poorest, the so-called “favelas”,
where houses are made of cardboard or other metal remains, and there is often no water,
electricity or sewage system. However, the favelas’ residents always join in the festivities and
actually make the Carnival, which really means a lot to them. Because, for once during the
year, they get to go out and have as much fun as they can.
E. Residents of the favelas are often members of local samba schools and are deeply involved
with the performance and costumes of their groups. Each neighborhood in Rio has its
favoriteCarnival street band. There are more than 300 of them in Rio nowadays, and each year
this number increases. Each band has its place or street for its parade and the big ones usually
close the streets to the traffic.
F. Rio de Janeiro is usually divided into three zones. The so-called Zona Sul is by far the most
pleasant place to stay in Rio, as it is by the sea and is the most civilized part of the city.
Districts Copacabana and Ipanema together form a big stage offering a carnival happening at
every corner. Leblon, being a bit more upscale, is also an excellent location.
G. Except the industries, malls and the carnival-related workers, the country stops completely for
almost a week and festivities are intense, day and night. If you plan to go to watch the
Carnival, you should organize your trip well in advance. The best hotels, especially in the
Zona Sul, are booked up early, so it’s a good idea to make a reservation at least 3 or 4 months
in advance.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании укажите номер
выбранного Вами варианта ответа.
Orient Express
In the early 1860s, trains were the preferred way to travel. They weren’t particularly
comfortable, however, until American engineer George Mortimer Pullman decided to make
trains more luxurious.
By the late 1860s, trains furnished not only sleeping cars, but kitchen and dining
facilities, where A __________. This was innovative for the time, and was aimed to
encourage peopleB __________. The first of these Pullman trains in England ran
from London to Brighton and used electricity for illumination.
In 1881, another railway entrepreneur, George Nagelmacker, introduced the use of
a restaurant car onboard, and the first Orient Express train service was begun. Running
from Paris toRomania the route included Strasbourg, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.
Thanks to the 12 mile Simplon Tunnel, C __________, the Orient Express
expanded, including a route to Istanbul, and the legendary romance of the Orient Express
was in full swing.
Everyone in the social register, including royalty, chose to travel on the wheels of
that luxury hotel D __________ in wealthy surroundings. Legends, stories, and intrigue
surrounded those trips to exotic places, and those famous people E __________.
Unfortunately, during World War II this luxury travel was closed for the most part,
and later, after the war, F __________ to start it again. Within the next few years airplane
travel became popular, and train passenger service declined.
1. which connected Switzerland and Italy
2. there was no money
3. that served dishes and wines
4. elegant meals were served to passengers
5. who rode the train
6. to use trains for long distance travel and vacations
7. who wrote about it
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании укажите номер выбранного
Вами варианта ответа.
Women and the maths problem
Women's underachievement in maths may not be due to their poor self-image in the subject, a
new report suggests. Researcher Dr. Gijsbert Stoet at the University of Leeds says that the so-called
"stereotype threat" theory – which holds that women perform worse than men because they expect to
do badly – "does not stand up to scrutiny".
Earlier research had serious flaws, he says, with improper use of statistical techniques and
methodology. Clearly, those who carried out this research need to review their own competence in
maths. Stoet believes the gender gap may simply be that men and women have different interests
from an early age, and says the answer to getting more women into maths and engineering is
probably a matter of motivation.
According to last year's results, even though girls perform as well as boys in their maths
GCSEs, 60% of A-levels in the subject are taken by boys, who achieve 60% of grade As.
I am an engineer, who has worked in the chemical industry for most of my working career.
When I graduated in the 80, I assumed we were at the start of a new era for women in science: I
studied alongside intelligent and motivated women, opportunities seemed aplenty, in-roads had been
made.
But 20 years down the line, only 8.7% of British engineers are women, the lowest proportion in
Europe, compared with 25% in Sweden. So what has happened?
One of the main problems is that careers in science, technology, engineering and maths (known
as Stem) are not sufficiently promoted in schools, with fewer children taking up these subjects at
GCSE and A-level. Year in, year out, we are told that Britain has a skills shortage. The general lack
of interest among schoolchildren in maths and science subjects, together with the underlying social
conditioning that still remains – that science subjects "aren't really for girls" – has led to a doublewhammy effect, reducing female entrants even further.
Over the past few years, I have been involved in Stemnet, an organization dedicated to
promoting these careers by getting people who work in jobs from biologists to builders to talk to
schoolchildren about what they do. It's an attempt to debunk the myth that maths and sciences are
too difficult or too boring. I was amazed to see hundreds of schoolboys and girls at a recent event at
the ScienceMuseum, presenting a range of experiments and projects they had prepared. And the
ones prepares by girls were equally challenging and sophisticated.
I agree with the new study that rather than focusing on the problems of stereotyping, we should
devote more time to encouraging girls into science and technology: they clearly respond.
But encouraging schoolgirls into university and careers is not all. As is typical in most sectors, I
see a number of female engineers at the entry and mid-levels of companies, but precious few at the
top. This is a huge waste of talent. It also raises the issue of certain professional inequality and a
biased attitude towards women. The report has done well to challenge the myths behind women's
underachievement in schools, but more work still needs to be done to address the problem of
women's lack of achievement in the workplace. At least in the spheres closely related to science and
engineering.
Dr. Gijbert Stoet claims that women do worse than men at maths because they …
1) are not encouraged to do the subject.
2) do not believe in their own competence.
3) use improper methods in problem-solving.
4) employ wrong stereotypical techniques.
Last year’s A-levels maths results show that …
1)
more girls take the subject.
2)
girls do better than boys.
3)
boys get more A grades.
4)
boys are more likely to fail.
Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to paragraphs 5 and 6?
1) The author has worked in engineering for over 20 years.
2) The prospects for women in science are best in Sweden.
3) The author’s expectations about women in science have not come true.
4) Britain has fewer women engineers than other European countries.
According to the author, social conditioning taking place in Britain implies that …
1) boys are smarter than girls.
2) science could be interesting.
3) science is for boys.
4) math is an optional skill.
“They” in “to talk to schoolchildren about what they do” (paragraph 7) may refer
to …
1) scientists.
2) schoolchildren.
3) careers.
4) experiments.
According to the final paragraphs, which of the factors discouraging girls from careers in science
appears to be most important?
1) Lack of opportunities in career growth.
2) Academic underachievement.
3) Social stereotypes.
4) Lack of encouragement.
The author’s attitude to the problem may be called …
1) impartial.
2) biased.
3) negative.
4) interested.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы в
таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Presents begin to enrich
the collection
2. Reason for extension
3. First famous exhibits
4. One on the basis of two
5. Shift towards history
6. Location of the museum
7. New collections for the new building
8. New field for the old museum
A. The present Ashmolean Museum was created in 1908 by combining two ancient Oxfordinstitutions: the
University Art Collection and the original Ashmolean Museum. The older partner in this merger, the University
Art Collection, was based for many years in what is now the Upper Reading Room in the Bodleian Library.
B. The collection began modestly in the 1620s with a handful of portraits and curiosities displayed in a small room
on the upper floor. In the 17th century there were added notable collections of coins and medals later
incorporated into the Ashmolean coin collection. The objects of curiosity included Guy Fawkes’ lantern and a
sword given by the Pope to Henry VIII, and a number of more exotic items.
C. In the 1660s and '70s, the collection grew rapidly and, in 1683, the Bodleian Gallery was left to develop as a
museum of art. At first, it was a gallery of portraits of distinguished contemporaries, but from the mid 1660s, it
began to acquire a more historical perspective with the addition of images of people from the past: college
founders, scientists, soldiers, monarchs, writers and artists.
D. In the eighteenth century, several painters donated self-portraits. They also added a number of landscapes,
historical paintings and scenes from contemporary life. Other donors, former members of the University, added
collections of Old Masters so that by the early nineteenth century, it had become an art gallery of general interest
and an essential point of call on the tourist map. The public was admitted on payment of a small charge.
Catalogues were available at the entrance and the paintings were well displayed in a large gallery.
E. It was only with the gift of a collection of ancient Greek and Roman statuary from the Countess of Pomfret in
1755 that the need for a new art gallery became urgent. The marble figures were too heavy to be placed in an
upstairs gallery and were installed in a dark ground-floor room in the library pending the creation of a new
museum.
F. Before the new museum was finished, a major group of drawings by Raphael and Michelangelo was purchased
by public subscription for the new galleries, establishing the importance of theOxford museum as a centre for
the study of Old Master drawings. The new museum also attracted gifts of paintings. In 1851, a collection of
early Italian paintings, which included Uccello’s “Hunt in the Forest”, one of the museum’s major works of art
was presented.
G. In the 1850s, the University established a new Natural History Museum, which is now known as the Oxford
University Museum of Natural History. And all the natural history specimens from the Ashmolean were
transferred to the new institution. Having lost what had become the most important element in its collection, the
Ashmolean was to find a major new role in the emerging field of archaeology.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Number of teenagers with Saturday job drops
The number of teenagers with Saturday jobs has dropped. Young people do not acquire
any experience for their CVs – a crucial step towards getting full-time work. The proportion
of teenagers combining part-time jobs with school or college has slumped from 40% in the
1990s to around 20% now, according to the UK Commission for Employment and Skills
(UKCES), a government agency. Latest figures show that only A__________ in 1997.
The trend is not just recession-related, but the result of an increasing
expectationB__________ well as a falling number of Saturday jobs, according to the report.
Many of the jobs that young people do, such as bar work, are in long-term decline, and are
forecast to decline further over the next decade.
"Recruiters place significant emphasis on experience … C__________," the report
says. Word of mouth is the most common way to get a job, D__________ young people are
unable to build up informal contacts, it adds.
Ms. Todd, a commissioner at the UKCES, said: "There's more emphasis on doing
well at school, young people are finding less time to do what they would have done a few
years ago. "I think it's also the changing structure of the labour market. Retail is still a big
employer, E__________. As a consequence, we need to think about how we get young
people the work experience they need."
A new initiative to send employees into state schools to talk about their careers was
also launched recently. The scheme, Inspiring the Future, is meant to give state
schoolchildren access to the kind of careers advice that private schools offer. The deputy
prime minister said: "The power of making connections F__________ and can be lifechanging."
1. that young people should stay on at school, as
2. that inspire young people is immeasurable
3. but an increasing shortage of work experience means
4. but a lot more of it is being done online
5. 260,000 teenagers have a Saturday job compared with 435,000
6. that it was researching the system of funding education after 16
7. but young people are leaving education increasingly less experienced
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании укажите номер
выбранного Вами варианта ответа.
The Difference Engine: No more addresses
REMEMBER the panic over the “millennium bug”, when computers everywhere were
expected to go haywire on January 1st, 2000, thanks to the way a lot of old software used
just two digits to represent the year instead of four? Doomsters predicted all sorts of
errors in calculations involving dates when the clocks rolled over from 99 to 00. In the
event, the millennium dawned without incident. That may have been because of the
draconian preparations undertaken beforehand. Or perhaps, as many suspected, the
problem was grossly exaggerated in the first place, as it often happens. Certainly, the
computer industry made a packet out of all the panic-buying of new hardware and
software in the months leading up to the new millennium. And who would blame them for
this? Business is business.
Well, something similar is about to happen in the months ahead. This time, the issue
concerns the exhaustion of Internet addresses – those four numbers ranging from 0 to
255 separated by dots that uniquely identify every device attached to the Internet.
According to Hurricane Electric, an Internet backbone and services provider based in
Fremont, California, the Internet will run out of bulk IP addresses sometime next week –
given the rate addresses are currently being gobbled up.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) will then have doled out all its socalled "slash-eight" blocks of addresses to the five regional Internet registries around the
world. In turn, the registries are expected to have allocated all their remaining addresses
to local network operators by October at the latest. After that, any organization applying
for new addresses will be told, “Sorry, none left”.
The issue is real and has been a long time in the making. The Economist first
warned about it ten years ago. The problem concerns the address space of the existing
version of the Internet protocol (IPv4), which is only 32 bits wide. The total number of
binary addresses possible with such an arrangement is 4.3 billion. Back in the 1980s,
when the Internet connected just a couple of dozen research institutes in America, that
seemed like a huge number. Besides, the Internet was thought at the time to be just a
temporary network anyway.
But with the invention of the Web in 1990 came an explosion in popular demand. It
was soon clear that it was only a matter of time before the Internet would exhaust its
supply of addresses. Work on a replacement for IPv4 began in the early 1990s, with IPv6
finally being made available around 1998. By giving the new internet version an address
space of 128 bits, the designers pretty well guaranteed that it would not run out of unique
identifiers for decades, or even centuries, to come.
Two raised to the 128th power is an astronomical number. That will come in handy
when the "Internet of things" becomes a reality. Already, some two billion people have
access to the Internet. Add all the televisions, phones, cars and household appliances
that are currently being given Internet access – plus, eventually, every book, pill case and
item of inventory as well – and a world or two of addresses could easily be accounted for.
And yet, the solution of any problem begins with its verbalization. We are forewarned and
it means – forearmed.
The fears of the users about the “millennium bug” were …
1) justified.
2) unrealistic.
3) overestimated.
4) suppressed.
Which of the following was NOT the reason why the “millennium bug” didn’t work?
1) The users took necessary precautions.
2) The manufacturers had improved software.
3) The new hardware had been installed.
4) The problem never existed.
The number of available IP addresses is limited by …
1) address space of the Internet protocol.
2) the Internet protocol version.
3) the number of organizations applying.
4) the number of computers connected to the Internet.
The solution of the problem with the lack of IP addresses is to …
1) restrict the number of users.
2) improve the current Internet protocol.
3) add a temporary network.
4) speed up research.
The existing version of the protocol was believed appropriate because …
1) the net was not popular.
2) the addresses were not permanent.
3) no one expected the demand to grow.
4) another network was being developed.
The phrase “Internet of things” refers to …
1) personal computers of the users.
2) appliances with access to the Web.
3) things ordered through the Internet.
4) a new network replacing the current Internet.
Speaking of the future of the world-wide web, the author appears to be …
1) doubtful.
2) hopeful.
3) overexcited.
4) pessimistic.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы
в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Back from the seas
5. Not a bank but …
2. A museum of popular drinks
6. Still moving along
3. Magic as attraction
7. A brand new shore museum
4. One tool museum
8. To play any tune
A. The Salem Witch Museum brings you back to Salem of 1692 for a dramatic overview of the
Witch Trials, including stage sets with life-size figures, lighting and a narration. There is also
a possibility to go on a candlelight tour to four selected homes. The museum is open all year
round and closed on Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year’s Day. Salem is also famous for
its Haunted Happenings, a 24-day Halloween festival.
B. The Discover Sea Shipwreck Museum opened its doors in 1995, and has one of the largest
collections of shipwreck and recovered artifacts in the Mid-Atlantic. It contains about 10,000
artifacts from local and worldwide locations, including an intact blown-glass hourglass from a
200-year-old shipwreck, which is also the world's deepest wooden wreck at the heart of the
Bermuda Triangle.
C. The Seashore Trolley Museum is the oldest and largest electric railway museum in the world.
It was founded in 1939 with one open trolley car, No. 31 from the Biddeford & Saco Railroad
Company. The Seashore Trolley Museum contains over 250 transit vehicles, mostly trolleys,
from the United States, Canada and abroad. Visitors can even take a trip along
the Mainecountryside aboard a restored early-1900s electric streetcar.
D. American Hop Museum is dedicated to the brewing industry and located in the heart of
theYakima Valley's hop fields, which gather the best harvest for producing beer. It chronicles
the American hop industry from the New England colonies to its expansion
into California and thePacific Northwest, and includes historical equipment, photos and
artifacts that pay tribute to hop, the everlasting vine that is still an integral part of the brewing
industry.
E. The Money Museum in Colorado Springs is America's largest museum dedicated to
numismatics (the study of collecting coins and metals). The collection contains over 250,000
items from the earliest invention of money to modern day, with items including paper money,
coins, tokens, medals, and traditional money from all over the world. Highlights include the
1804 dollar, the 1913 V Nickel, the 1866 no motto series, a comprehensive collection of
American gold coins, and experimental pattern coins and paper money.
F. The Kenneth G. Fiske Museum of Musical Instruments in California has one of the most
diverse collections of musical instruments in the United States. This museum is home to over
1,400 American, European and ethnic instruments from the 17th–20th centuries. Selections
from all parts of the world also include keyboards, brass, woodwind, stringed, percussion,
mechanical and electronic instruments. Other highlights are rare pieces from the violin and
viola families, reed organs and instruments from the Orient and Tibet.
G. The Hammer Museum in Alaska is the world’s first museum dedicated to hammers. The
Museum provides a view of the past through the use of man’s first tool. You will find over
1500 hammers on display, ranging from ancient times to the present. The museum does not
have any paid staff, and it is run by volunteers. This quaint and quirky museum is an
interesting and informative stop for the whole family.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Saturday jobs: memories of weekend working
Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs. It
seems such a shame – my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of
passage. I'll never forget long hours A__________, scouring grease off huge saucepans
and griddles. Working atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker
banter and, most importantly, taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady
supply of cash, B__________. I'm not the only one who has strong memories of weekend
work. DJ Trevor Nelson said everyone should be able to have a Saturday job: "It taught me
a lot, C__________."
The link between the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is
sometimes obvious. Dragon's Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed
early promise by starting his own business. "I passed my Lawn Tennis Association
coaching exam, D__________," he explains. "At the start I was coaching other
kids, E__________, for which I could charge £25–30 an hour. While my friends on milk
rounds were getting £35 a week, I was doing five hours on a Saturday and earning four
times as much."
Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide, on the advertising
side. "It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could be. It led directly
to me finding my head sponsor … and it offered me an eight-year contract. That gave me
the financial backingF__________."
As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics, the UK Commission for
Employment and Skills said a lack of early work opportunities makes it harder for young
people to acquire experience for their CVs.
1. but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons
2. which I would happily spend as I liked
3. which let me know he approved of me
4. and things would be different if everyone was given the chance
5. which I needed to become a professional skier
6. that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex
7. and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании укажите номер
выбранного Вами варианта ответа.
Why I sent Oxford a rejection letter
A little over a month ago, I sent Oxford a rejection email that parodied the thousands that
they send each year. Much to my surprise, it has become a bit of an Internet hit, and has
provoked reactions of both horror and amusement.
In my letter I wrote: "I have now considered your establishment as a place to read Law
(Jurisprudence). I very much regret to inform you that I will be withdrawing my application. I
realize you may be disappointed by this decision, but you were in competition with many
fantastic universities and following your interview, I am afraid you do not quite meet the standard
of the universities I will be considering."
I sent the email after returning from my interview at Magdalen College, Oxford, to prove to a
couple of my friends that Oxbridge did not need to be held in awe. One of them subsequently
shared it on Facebook because he found it funny.
I certainly did not expect the email to spread as far as it has. Varying between offers of TV
interviews and hundreds of enthusiastic Facebook messages, it has certainly been far-reaching.
Many of my friends and undoubtedly many strangers were unable to comprehend that I'd sent
such an email to this bastion of prestige and privilege. Why was I not afraid of damaging my
future prospects as a lawyer? Didn't I think this might hurt my chances with other universities?
For me, such questions paint a picture of a very cynical society. I do not want to study law
because I want to be rich, or wear an uncomfortable wig and cloak. Perhaps optimistically, I want
to study law because I am interested in justice.
To me, withdrawing my application to an institution that is a symbol of unfairness in both
our education and the legal system (which is so dominated by Oxbridge graduates) makes
perfect sense, and I am reluctant to be part of a system so heavily dominated by such a narrow
group of self-selecting elites.
So, why did I apply in the first place? If you're achieving high grades at A-level (or
equivalent), you can feel quite a lot of pressure to "prove yourself" by getting an Oxbridge offer.
Coupled with the fact that I grew up on benefits in council estates throughout Bristol – not a type
of heritage often associated with an Oxbridge interview – I decided to give it a try.
It was only at the interview that I started to question what exactly I was trying to prove. I
was well aware that fantastic candidates are often turned down, and I did not believe that this
was a true reflection of their academic potential.
Although I share concern that not going to Oxbridge gives you a "chip on your shoulder",
I did not write to Oxford to avoid the risk of being labeled as an "Oxbridge reject": I already am
one. Last year I made an (admittedly weak) application to Cambridge and was inevitably rejected
post-interview.
A year ago, I was in awe of the beautiful buildings of Oxbridge, but today I am in awe of the
sheer number of people who, like me, have managed to not take it so seriously. Ultimately, I am
not harmingOxford by laughing at it, and it is an amazing feeling to realize that so many people
are enjoying my email. Actually, I was amazed to know how many people of different ages
bothered to read it and even to leave their comments about it in Facebook. I had fun reading
some of them, too.
The email letter the author sent to Oxford was meant to be …
1) respectful.
2) mocking.
3) regretful.
4) desperate.
The letter caused so much response because people …
1) fully agreed with the message.
2) were outraged with the letter.
3) wanted to defend Oxbridge.
4) found the topic very interesting.
The author accuses society of cynicism because …
1) people supported Oxbridge.
2) lawyers do their job for high incomes.
3) universities are very selective.
4) people seem to be more worried about reputations.
Judging by paragraph 7, the author comes from a family which is …
1) big.
2) aristocratic.
3) not very rich.
4) educated.
The author believes that the selection to Oxbridge …
1) is unfair.
2) reveals candidates’ abilities.
3) is hard to understand
4) needs improvement.
The expression “chip on your shoulder” in paragraph 9 means …
1) record of achievements.
2) below-average performance.
3) reflection of one’s potential.
4) feelings of unfair treatment.
“It” in ‘have managed to not take it so seriously’ in the last paragraph refers to …
1) university interview.
2) university studies.
3) Oxbridge rejection.
4) Oxford.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы
в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Music from every corner of the world
5. Famous religious celebrations
2. From pig to pork
6. See them fly
3. Perfect time for a picnic
7. Animal races and shows
4. From a holiday to a sport
8. Diving into history
A. Diwali is a five-day festival that is celebrated in October or November, depending on the cycle of
the moon. It represents the start of the Hindu New Year and honors the victory of good over evil,
and brightness over darkness. It also marks the start of winter. Diwali is actually celebrated in
honor of Lord Rama and his wife Sita. One of the best places to experience Diwali is in the "pink
city" of Jaipur, in Rajasthan. Each year there’s a competition for the best decorated and most
brilliantly lit up market that attracts visitors from all over India.
B. The Blossom Kite Festival, previously named the Smithsonian Kite Festival, is an annual event that
is traditionally a part of the festivities at the National Cherry Blossom Festival on the National Mall
in Washington, DC. Kite enthusiasts show off their stunt skills and compete for awards in over 36
categories including aerodynamics and beauty. The Kite Festival is one of the most popular annual
events in Washington, DC and features kite fliers from across the U.S. and the world.
C. The annual Ostrich Festival has been recognized as one of the "Top 10 Unique Festivals in
theUnited States" with its lanky ostriches, multiple entertainment bands and many special gift and
food vendors. It is truly a unique festival, and suitable for the entire family. The Festival usually
holds Ostrich Races, an Exotic Zoo, Pig Races, a Sea Lion Show, a Hot Rod Show, Amateur
Boxing and a Thrill Circus.
D. Iceland's Viking Festival takes place in mid-June every year and lasts 6 days, no matter what the
weather in Iceland may be. It's one of the most popular annual events in Iceland where you can see
Viking-style costumes, musical instruments, jewelry and crafts at the Viking Village. Visitors at the
Viking Festival see sword fighting by professional Vikings and demonstrations of marksmanship
with bows and muscle power. They can listen to Viking songs and lectures at the festival, or grab a
bite at the Viking Restaurant nearby.
E. Dragon Boat Festival is one of the major holidays in Chinese culture. This summer festival was
originally a time to ward off bad spirits, but now it is a celebration of the life of Qu Yuan, who was
a Chinese poet of ancient period. Dragon boat festival has been an important holiday for centuries
for Chinese culture, but in recent years dragon boat racing has become an international sport.
F. The Mangalica Festival is held in early February at Vajdahunyad Castle in Budapest. It offers the
opportunity to experience Hungarian food, music, and other aspects of Hungarian culture. The
festival is named for a furry pig indigenous to the region of Hungary and the Balkans. A mangalica
is a breed of pig recognizable by its curly hair and known for its fatty flesh. Sausage, cheese and
other dishes made with pork can be sampled at the festival.
G. Hanami is an important Japanese custom and is held all over Japan in spring. Hanami literally
means "viewing flowers", but now it is a cherry blossom viewing. The origin of hanami dates back
to more than one thousand years ago when aristocrats enjoyed looking at beautiful cherry blossoms
and wrote poems. Nowadays, people in Japan have fun viewing cherry blossoms, drinking and
eating. People bring home-cooked meals, do BBQ, or buy take-out food for hanami.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
America’s fun place on America’s main street
If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would
be Washington,DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A __________. If you are
in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us – or B __________. Doing so will keep you
aware of the latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the
least.
Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern
spirit С __________. Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve
and thrive. And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post
Office Pavilion and experience bothD __________ with international food, eclectic shopping
and musical events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all
week long.
A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a
breath-taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours
every day! Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock
Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift
from England E __________. The Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of
Congress every Thursday evening and on special occasions.
Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White
House and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F __________, this is a landmark not to be
missed no matter your age.
1. by joining our e-community
2. that are offered to the visitors
3. its glamorous past and fun-filled present
4. that was sweeping the country
5. to learn more about American history
6. as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences
7. celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании укажите номер выбранного Вами
варианта ответа.
Meat eaters – you are daredevils or dumb. Or both.
I am a vegetarian as well as my parents and all my family members. I’ve been a vegetarian for as long as I
can remember. There have been times during my years of vegetarianism when I've wondered if I may indeed grow
out of it. I've wondered if there might come a day when I'll put aside my childish aversion to the thought of dead
stuff travelling through my intestines, like a corpse on a raft ride.
However, it could never happen, and not because I'm so enlightened, sensitive or any of the other
euphemisms for "whining hippie" usually dumped on vegetarians. My conversion to flesh-eating couldn't happen
because, frankly, I'm not stupid enough. As in, I can read.
Analysis of more than 6,000 pancreatic cancer cases published in the British Journal of Cancersays that
eating just 50g of processed meat a day (one sausage or a couple of slices of bacon) raises the likelihood of
pancreatic cancer by a fifth. 100g a day (the equivalent of a medium burger) raises it by 38%, 150g by 57%. Men
are worst hit, as they tend to eat the most processed meat. And while pancreatic cancer is not the most common of
cancers, it's frequently diagnosed late, with four-fifths of sufferers dying within a year of diagnosis.
It should be pointed out that this is about processed meat. However, many past studies have stated a
probable link between too much meat and all manner of cancers and heart problems, as well as links to other
conditions, from diabetes and high blood pressure to obesity and Alzheimer's.
If, by now, you're thinking that I'm out to shock you, then you couldn't be more wrong. I'd be shocked if any of
this was considered new enough to shock anyone. This information has popped up regularly for years in all forms
of popular media – newspapers and numerous TV and radio programs, to say nothing of the Internet. Indeed, in
this era of info overload, if you've never come across the "burgers and kebabs are unhealthy" revelation, one would
have to presume you've been lying in a coma.
Sympathy is in short supply these days. You can't move for people being blamed for their own miserable
situations: smokers who "burden" the NHS; alcoholics who don't "deserve" liver transplants; obese people who
"should" pay more for flights. By this logic, people who've been regularly informed of the dangers of meat,
particularly the cheap processed variety, but who continue to wolf it down should be held just as accountable.
Yet if these meat eaters are mentioned at all, it's in general poor lifestyle terms, as an afterthought to
drinking, smoking, and lack of exercise. You just don't get people making emotional pronouncements about bacon
lovers not deserving cancer treatment or kebab fans burdening the NHS.
It's not as if they haven't been warned countless times about the dangers – how willfully ill-informed can
people be? Or maybe they're just hard. In fact, when I say I'm not dumb enough to eat meat, I should probably add
brave enough. With so much frightening information, so readily available for so long, the modern committed
carnivore must have nerves of steel. And yet, we should admit it, meat eaters still predominate and even grow in
number. Must all of them be deaf and blind, and immune to a general sense of self-safety?
Speaking about her vegetarianism, the author admits that …
1) it was provoked by the sight of corpses.
2) there were times when she thought she might abandon it.
3) it is the result of her childhood experiences.
4) she became a vegetarian out of fashion.
According to the author, how much of processed meat a day is enough to raise the chance of pancreatic
cancer by more than a half?
1) Less than 50g.
2) 50-100 g.
3) 100-150 g
4) from 150 g.
“This” in paragraph 4 stands for …
1) information.
2) pancreatic cancer.
3) diagnosis.
4) death.
Why does the author think that her information can’t be shocking?
1) It’s not proven.
2) It’s not news.
3) It’s outdated.
4) It’s too popular.
Saying “sympathy is in short supply these days”, the author means that …
1) meat eaters do not deserve her sympathy.
2) overweight people should pay more.
3) people tend to blame sick people in their sickness.
4) society neglects people who have problems.
The author is disappointed that eating meat is not …
1) considered as bad as drinking and smoking.
2) officially prohibited.
3) related to a poor lifestyle.
4) recognized as a major life-risking habit.
The author believes that meat eaters are very …
1) pessimistic.
2) ill-informed.
3) aggressive.
4) irresponsible.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои
ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один
заголовок лишний.
1. It had its finest hour
5. Ideas on sale
2. A long way to popularity
6. Brilliant ideas and brave deeds
3. A stairway to heaven
7. Borrowed ideas
4. Extraordinary combinations
8. Revolutionary materials
A. Born in 1743, Thomas Jefferson helped shape the new American nation and also shaped some of
the country's most famous buildings. The twentieth century architects who designed the circular
Jefferson Memorial in Washington D.C. drew inspiration from Thomas Jefferson's architectural
ideas. And from where did Jefferson get his ideas? The Pantheon in Rome! This building with its
classical portico became a model that influenced Western architecture for 2,000 years.
B. Postmodern architecture evolved from the modernist movement, yet contradicts many of the
modernist ideas. Combining new ideas with traditional forms, postmodernist buildings may
startle, surprise, and even amuse. Familiar shapes and details are used in unexpected ways. Philip
Johnson's AT&T Headquarters is often cited as an example of postmodernism. Like many
buildings in the international style, this skyscraper has a classical facade.
C. The Industrial Revolution in Europe brought about a new trend: the use of metals instead of
wood and stone in construction. Built in 1889, the Eiffel Tower is perhaps the most famous
example of this new use for metal. For 40 years, the Eiffel Tower measured the tallest in the
world. The metal lattice-work, formed with very pure structural iron, makes the tower both
extremely light and able to withstand tremendous wind forces.
D. By the early 1800s, Belfast had become a major port at the beating heart of the region's industry.
The launching of the Titanic from the shipways was attended by an estimated 100,000 people,
showing how important this event was for Belfast. Many more impressive ships would leave the
yard in the coming years before the decline of the shipbuilding industry began in the 1950s, but
the Titanic marked the zenith of the great shipbuilding era in Belfast.
E. Thomas Andrews was the chief naval architect at the Harland and Wolff shipyard
in Belfastduring the early 1900s. He brought the idea of 'Olympic class' ocean liners to life. The
most famous of these was Titanic, which he joined on its first voyage. His actions when the ship
sank on 15 April 1912 are believed to have saved many lives, but at the cost of his own. In his
home town of Comber, the life of Thomas Andrews is commemorated by the Memorial Hall,
opened in 1915.
F. An e-book or “electronic book” is available digitally downloaded, and accessed through a device
such as a computer, a smart phone or, popularly, a portable e-book reader. In 1971, Michael Hart
began storing vast contents of libraries in electronic formats. Hart named his efforts Project
Gutenberg, after the inventor of the printing press. Libraries were early adopters of the
technology. But it took nearly thirty years for the idea of the e-book to take firm hold with the
consumer.
G. The Frankfurt Book Fair is held in October of each year. It usually hosts more than 7,300
exhibitors from 100 countries ranging from Albania to Zimbabwe. For the American book
publishing industry, the Frankfurt Book Fair is predominantly a trade fair, that is, a professional
meeting place for publishers, editors, librarians, book subsidiary rights managers, booksellers,
film producers, authors and many others who are involved in the creation and licensing of book
content.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Changing image
For more than 200 years Madame Tussaud’s has been attracting tourists from all over the
world and it remains just as popular as it ever was. There are many reasons for this enduring
success, but at the heart of it all is good, old-fashioned curiosity.
Madame Tussaud’s original concept has entered a brand new era of interactive
entertainmentA __________. Today’s visitors are sent on a breathtaking journey in black cabs
through hundreds of years of the past. They have a unique chance to see the great legends of
history, B __________ of politics.
Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning
whenever possible with the subject C __________ and personal characteristics. The surprising
likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars D __________, either by providing
their stage clothes, or simply giving useful advice.
The museum continues constantly to add figures E __________ popularity. The attraction
also continues to expand globally with established international branches in New York, Hong
Kong,Amsterdam and many other cities. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction,
authenticity and local appeal.
The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its
specialists are working together with practicing teachers and educational advisors to create
different programmes of activities, F __________.
1. that reflect contemporary public opinion and celebrity
2. as well as resources on art, technology and drama
3. ranging from special effects to fully animated figures
4. as well as the idols of popular music and the icons
5. who are eager to help in any possible way they can
6. ranging from all kinds of souvenirs to sports equipment
7. who is sitting to determine exact measurements
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом
задании укажите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа.
Shape it up: tips you can follow for a healthier campus diet
Rushing up and down the streets, I often have days when I wonder how I will find the
time to eat. This is when it becomes easy for students to turn to fast food. Once you stop
living close by or have awkward time gaps between classes, fast food is available at
almost every on-campus eatery.
There’s no doubt that the university tries to make healthier food readily available.
Some cafes have organic foods ready to go and Greenhouse allows students to make
almost any kind of fresh salad they can think of. But I have to wonder, why is there so
much fast food available? For many students, it’s difficult to choose an expensive salad
from Greenhouse over a meal from Taco Bell.
To solve the problem of finding healthy food on campus without having to eat salad
daily, I do three things: take advantage of meal options I previously disregarded,
completely ignore any fast food place and get creative in the dining halls.
First, I take advantage of meal options I had previously disregarded at on-campus
restaurants. Being both a vegetarian and interested in a fair-trade diet has made it
somewhat challenging to arrange an eating plan while living on campus. With limited
options, food gets old fast. I looked closely at menus to see what options I overlooked. On
campus, I eat oatmeal and fresh fruit instead of getting smoothies. I try the soup at
Greenhouse instead of salad. If I have time in the morning I use an extra swipe and pack
a lunch. By including this, I now have something new to eat each day, and I can go an
entire school week without repeating a lunch.
As I create a pattern of eateries to maintain a healthy diet without losing interest in
the food, it is clear I cannot include every on-campus restaurant in my plan.
This is where my second solution comes in. I have learned to completely ignore fast
food. If I linger in front of Panda Express or Sbarro too long, temptation takes over. I
started ignoring these places in the middle of fall quarter, and now I can walk by them
without a thought. The only way I know to accomplish this is willpower. Of course, that
does not mean in any way that you should never allow yourself the occasional visit to
these restaurants. Everyone deserves a treat sometimes. I know I can never give up
animal-style fries completely.
Finally, I have learned to get creative in dining halls. This can’t easily be done
outside a dining hall, so it isn’t exactly an “on-the-go” solution to eating on campus. Just
the same, it can help make meals less boring. I often take a veggie patty and make a
wrap out of it, and I use the salad bar to throw on any other toppings I want. I use the
microwave to heat up whatever I want in it. If you are a meat lover, you can put the bacon
bits from the salad bar or slice a grilled chicken breast to put in soup or pasta.
When living on a college campus, it can be difficult to find a way to eat what you like
and what’s good for you while trying to avoid a repetitive diet. There are a limited number
of options available and the dominance of fast food can be hard to ignore. But if you try
out as many places as you can, use willpower and turn on your creativity, you can
certainly design your own healthy meal plan that won’t feel as if you eat the same thing
every day.
According to the author students turn to fast food when …
1) they are short of time.
2) they have no willpower.
3) their schedule is well adjusted.
4) they live close to the campus.
What does the author think about eating opportunities on campus?
1) She thinks they do a great job providing salads at a reasonable price.
2) She can’t understand why they offer so many fast food choices.
3) She believes they need to provide more organic food.
4) She thinks that meals from Taco Bell are too expensive.
What is the author’s method of maintaining a healthy diet?
1) Trying new dishes on the menu.
2) Carefully choosing an on-campus restaurant.
3) Eating less.
4) Changing a restaurant daily.
What is NOT characteristic of the author’s eating habits?
1) She studies the menus attentively.
2) She tries to vary the food she eats.
3) She misses lunches.
4) She avoids eating meat.
What is, according to the author, the best way to stop eating fast food?
1) Not to walk near fast food restaurants.
2) To stick to the decision not to eat it.
3) To replace it with the animal-style fries.
4) Visit fast food restaurants not more than once a year.
What does “it” in paragraph 7 refer to (“Just the same, it can help…”)?
1) Creativity in a dining hall.
2) Cooking your own meals.
3) Finding a perfect solution to eating on campus.
4) Eating outside of dining halls.
What is the purpose of the article?
1) To convince the reader that eating the same food every day is unhealthy.
2) To classify on-campus eateries.
3) To prove that daily consumption of fast food is harmful.
4) To give advice on eating healthy food on campus.
Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои
ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один
заголовок лишний.
1. A happy comeback
5. Return of the popularity
2. Dangerous when rare
6. From Eastern to Western culture
3. Recovery of a masterpiece
7. They come back in spring
4. Back and deep into the past
8. Return to the market
A. The Mona Lisa, also known as La Giaconda, became world famous after it was stolen from
the Louvre in 1911. The painting was missing for two years before police traced the theft to
Italian painter, Vincenzo Peruggia, who stole the work to return it to its country of origin. The
Louvre Museum in Paris built a separate room to house the Mona Lisa, giving up to five
million visitors a year the chance to see the painting.
B. The tradition of telling stories with a series of sequential images has been a part of Japanese
culture long before Superman comic strips. The earliest examples of pre-manga artwork that
influenced the development of modern Japanese comics are commonly attributed to Toba
Sojo, an 11th-century painter-priest with an odd sense of humor. Toba’s animal paintings
satirized life in the Buddhist priesthood by drawing priests as rabbits or monkeys engaged in
silly activities.
C. When the story in which Holmes died was published in a popular magazine in 1893, the
British reading public was outraged. More than 20,000 people canceled their subscriptions.
The demand for Holmes stories was so great that Conan Doyle brought the great detective
back to life by explaining that no one had actually seen Holmes go down
the Reichenbach Falls. The public, glad to have new tales, bought the explanation.
D. Caviar refers to the salted eggs of the fish species, sturgeon. At the beginning of the 19th
century, the United States was one of the greatest producers of caviar in the world. Because of
overfishing, commercial sturgeon harvesting was banned. Today, mostly through farm-raised
varieties, caviar production has returned in America. Some American caviar is very high in
quality and has been compared favorably to wild Caspian caviar.
E. T.S. Eliot wrote in his poem, "The Waste Land," that April was the "cruelest month." He was
living in England at the time, and the weather there can be dreadfully rainy and cold during
spring. But from a cook's point of view, April is anything but cruel. The month brings us
some of the freshest, most wonderful foods. Consider the first ripe strawberries, asparagus,
artichokes, tiny peas, and so much more.
F. When the eruption of Vesuvius started on the morning of 24 August, 79 AD, it caught the
local population completely unprepared. The catastrophic magnitude of the eruption was
connected with the long period of inactivity that preceded it. The longer the intervals between
one eruption and another, the greater the explosion will be. Luckily, the frequent but low-level
activity of Vesuvius in recent centuries has relieved the build-up of pressure in the magma
chamber.
G. Iron Age Britain can only be understood from the archaeological evidence. There are few
spectacular ruins from Iron Age Britain. Unlike in Classical Greece or Ancient Egypt, in Iron
AgeBritain there was no construction of major cities, palaces, temples or pyramids. Rather, it
was an essentially rural world of farms and villages, which had no economic or religious need
to build palaces, cities, major tombs or ceremonial sites.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными
цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие
соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Lindsay Wildlife Museum
Lindsay Wildlife Museum is a unique natural history and environmental education centre where
visitors can listen to the cry of a red-tailed hawk, go eye-to-eye with a grey fox and watch a bald
eagle eat lunch. More than fifty species of native California animals are on exhibit here.
Thousands of school children learn about the natural environment in their
classroomsA __________ of the museum. Nature- and science-oriented classes and trips
are offered for adults and children. More than 600 volunteers help to feed and care for wild
animals, B __________.
Volunteers
are
active
in
the
museum's
work,
contributing C __________.
The museum was founded by a local businessman, Alexander Lindsay. Sandy, as
friends knew him, started teaching neighborhood children about nature in the early 1950s.
Initially housed in an elementary school, the museum began offering school-aged children
summer classes, D__________.
After nearly a decade of the museum operation, it became apparent E __________.
With a new 5,000 square-foot home, the museum could now develop and display a
permanent collection of live, native wildlife and natural history objects.
People came to the museum for help with wild animals F __________ urban growth. In
response, a formal wildlife rehabilitation programme – the first of its kind in the United
States of America – began in 1970.
1. that needed public attention and a new building
2. through education programmes and on-site tours
3. many hours of service to wildlife care and fundraising
4. that a permanent, year-round site was necessary
5. as well as field trips focused on the natural world
6. that had been injured or orphaned because of intense
7. as well as teach children and adults about nature
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании укажите номер выбранного
Вами варианта ответа.
Start of college life: how I coped with fear
For the last two years I’ve been working really hard to pass all my exams successfully and to
get accepted to college. And yet college seemed to be the scariest thing that I could think of.
Whenever I thought about it, my stomach would immediately begin to spin in circles. Although I was
ready to go off and be by myself and meet new people, I was scared to death at the same time. I
pictured hard classes that I wouldn’t be able to keep up with, people that wouldn’t like me, long
hikes to get to my classes, and horrible food. I couldn’t imagine leaving the security of my own
room, my own stuff where I want it, my friends that I’ve spent practically my whole life with, my
family who put up with all my little quirks.
Everyone else that I talked to, however, didn’t seem to have this problem. They all were
thrilled at the thought of being on their own and not having to worry about their parents telling them
what to do or not to do all the time. And, sure, the thought was extremely exciting to me as well, but
how would I survive without my family and friends and the things that had taken me eighteen years
to get used to?
The summer before I came to college was probably the most fun my friends and I ever had.
We all knew that in September things would never be the same again and we had to make the most
of it while we still could. As the end of August rolled around we knew that it was time to say goodbye
and be on our way to our own independence. I packed up the memories of the last eighteen years
of my life into about five suitcases and was ready to go. I still didn’t feel like I was just as mature as
my older college friends and I thought that I still looked like I was twelve years old.
We finally made it to the doors and began unloading my clothes and the eight million bags of
food that my mom had packed for me. I still was unsure about sharing my room and not being able
to have the privacy that I had back home. I was worried that the little habits that I had might annoy
my roommate and that my roommate might have just as many annoying little habits that I might not
be able to handle as well.
After I had all my things unpacked and put exactly where I wanted, my roommate and I
decided to go around our hall and see whom we would be living with for the next two semesters. As
we went around to different rooms and met different people my nervousness seemed to diminish. I
began to realize that not everyone here knew everyone else and most were just as anxious and
nervous about being here as I was. It worked. I started to feel better and was actually kind of excited
about living here all by myself.
I still miss the security of living at home (and I wonder who would blame me for this feeling)
and, most of all, home-cooked meals that are nonexistent here and the friends that I grew up with.
But I know that we’ve all changed and those memories are just that – memories, no matter how
pleasant they might be. And when times get too tough, my mom is just a phone call away. But I’m
not too quick to call her and have her solve my problems. I’ve learned that I can usually work things
out by myself. I’m glad that I’ve gone through these changes in myself and it makes me realize that I
don’t need to fear change, that it’s just a part of life that everyone has to go through sometime.
How did the author feel about the beginning of her college life?
1) Insecure.
2) Confident.
3) Disgusted.
4) Ready for new life.
The main problem for the author was that …
1) her parents wouldn’t help her with advice.
2) nobody seemed to understand her feelings.
3) she would miss her family and friends a lot.
4) she was not ready for the classes.
Why was the summer before college such a fun time for the author?
1) Her old friends were very funny.
2) She made fun of her friends’ fears.
3) She and her friends made a point of enjoying each other’s company.
4) She was feeling like a very young child.
The author was worried about having to …
1) eat too much food.
2) live with a stranger.
3) phone her mother too often.
4) change her habits.
Upon arrival on campus the author found out that …
1) she did not have enough place for all her things.
2) her roommate was a very nice person.
3) she knew most of the people there.
4) other students felt a similar way.
What does the word ‘nonexistent’ refer to in the last paragraph?
1) Memories.
2) Home meals.
3) College security.
4) Old friends.
How has becoming a college student changed the author?
1) She has got used to eating out.
2) She has learned how to make new friends.
3) She has become more attached to her mother.
4) She has become more independent.
Прочитайте вопросы 1 – 6. Установите, в каких текстах A – G можно найти ответы
на эти вопросы. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждый текст только
один раз. В задании один текст лишний.
In which place сan visitors
1. buy souvenirs?
2. lie in the sun?
3. do water sports?
4.
5.
6.
-A- From Dalkey, a pretty village in
beautiful surroundings, one can take a trip on
a boat out to Dalkey Island, where climbing
the ruined watch tower will provide stunning
views ofKilliney Bay. The coastal waters are
perfect for swimming, and there is a long,
clean white sandy beach
called Killiney Bay which is great for
sunbathing.
see a very old building?
eat Irish food?
see a friendly sea animal?
-B- Bray is 20 km from Dublin city and
used to be a holiday resort for people
from Dublin andBritain. It’s popular for its
mile long sea walk, but its best days have
passed.
A few kilometres south of Bray will bring
you into some of the nicest countryside
in Ireland, including the impressive
Powerscourt Waterfall.
-C- The attractive Gaelic speaking Aran
Islands are a perfect place for a few days
holiday. This is the original donkey-and-cart
landscape, so beloved of the postcard
industry. The famous woolen white Aran
sweaters come from here. The largest of the
three islands, Inishmore, boasts one of the
only buildings inWestern Europe, which
dates from 500 BC.
-D- Dingle Peninsula is a Gaelic speaking
area known for the beauty of the Atlantic
landscape. The most famous resident is not
human at all, but a dolphin called Fungi.
The dolphin has lived in Dingle harbour for
the past seven years, offering friendship to
all who swim near him, particularly
children.
-E- Kilkenny is a large busy market town
and the most attractive in the midlands. It is
much loved by tourists. The narrow winding
streets with small shops give an old-world
atmosphere to the place. The Kilkenny Shop
is one of many which has a wide range of
goods that tourists usually buy: Irish-made
clothes and crafts.
-F- Enniskerry is a pretty little village and
only a bus ride from Dublin. It offers access
to theWicklow Mountains where you'll find
good home-cooked food in Poppies, a
famous restaurant. Smoked salmon, Irish
farmhouse cheeses, handmade chocolates
are always served here.
-G- Cork is Ireland's largest county. It is best
loved for the coastal fishing villages which
come alive in the summer months. One of
them isCobh which was the main emigration
port during the Great Famine of the 1840s.
Plenty of sailing, windsurfing and boat trips
are available around the harbour. Another is
set in a thickly wooded valley. It is
commemorated in poems for richness of the
vegetation, influenced by the warm Gulf
Stream current.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Прочитайте вопросы 1 – 6. Установите, в каких текстах A – G можно найти
ответы на эти вопросы. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждый
текст только один раз. В задании один текст лишний.
Which place
1. is rich in building material?
2. was a publishing centre?
3. was an important medical centre?
4.
5.
6.
is a birthplace of a famous poet?
was described in many books?
is a centre of making medical tools?
-A- Rochester was originally called the "Flour
city" because of its milling
industries.Rochester also became known as the
"Flower City" because of its rich gardening
areas. It has the nation's largest film and camera
plant and leads in the manufacture of surgical
instruments, needed for rare operations, optical
and dental goods.
-B- Herkimer was settled in1725. It has
had a long history. It began as a dairying
centre producing butter and cheese, then
during the early 1800s it became a centre of
state politics and meetings. In 1865 Warner
Miller improved the process of making
paper from wood and they began to print
newspapers and books there. Theodore
Dreiser wrote his novel An American
Tragedy carefully studying what took place
in the town.
-C- Cooperstown was founded in 1786 by Judge
William Cooper, father of James Fenimore
Cooper, who wrote The Last of the
Mohicans and other works. Otsego Lake in a
beautiful setting of hills and forests is the setting
for many Cooper's novels. Many of the town's
buildings and homes have been carefully kept so
that they look as in Cooper's time.
-D- Saranac Lake was first settled in 1819.
Because of good climatic conditions it very
soon became an important treatment centre
for people who were ill with tuberculosis,
an infectious disease during the late 1800s
and early 1900s. Many treatment centres
from those days still stand alongSaranac
Lakes streets. Now it's a popular vacation
place.
-E- Potsdam was settled in 1803 by Benjamin
Raymond, a land agent for the Clarkson family.
The family ran a variety of businesses. They
founded the Thomas Clarkson College of
Technology, built a schoolhouse, which became
part of the state university system in 1949.
Sandstone dug in the area has been used for
structures in New York City and other cities of
the USA.
-F- Huntington has seen several historic
events. The famous American poet Walt
Whitman was born here. The farmhouse
where he was born is furnished in period,
with a library and changing exhibits. The
British hanged Nathan Hale, an American,
here as a spy in 1776. The memorial
Monument marks the spot where he was
captured.
-G- Panama Rocks consist of an erupted
Paleozoic ocean floor made of ocean quartz. The
rocks are huge and some are more than60
feet high. Geologic features include small caves,
hundreds of passageways and thousands of
cracks.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Прочитайте вопросы 1 – 6. Установите, в каких текстах A – G можно найти ответы на
эти вопросы. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждый текст только
один раз. В задании один текст лишний.
Which place
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
is home to the competitions between two nations?
was home to the man who became a national symbol?
was a famous novel created in?
gave the name to a suit?
was a good start for a famous business?
can be visited by kids every day?
-A- Troy is an industrial city. In the early 1800s
Samuel Wilson lived there. He was a thin man
with a big hat, which had many stars on it. His
dress had the colours of the US flag and he later
began to symbolize the US. Where did "Uncle
Sam" come from? During the war of 1812 he
was a meat packer and supplied the Army with
beef which he stamped with the letters to show
that the meat belonged to
the US government. But people connected it
with Uncle Sam and jokingly called it 'Uncle
Sam's Beef.'
-B- Tuxedo was established in the 1880s by Pierre
Lorillard IV for very rich people. The huge
attractive looking houses were home to well-known
people who were very fashionable. The formal
dinner jackets and trousers that men had to wear
became known as tuxedos. Every year the New
York Renaissance Festival takes place. Festival
visitors are invited in formal dress.
-C- In 1779 General Sullivan defeated the
Indians at a decisive battle and nine years later
the first settlers built their cabins on the place
that is now known as Elmira. Mark Twain
married Olivia Langdon, who lived in Elmira,
and spent many summers there. The worldfamous The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and
others of his classic works were written in this
place.
-D- The Frederick Remington Art Museum displays
bronzes, oil paintings and sketches by Frederick
Remington, famed for his depictions of the
American frontier. It is the largest collection of the
artist's works. The museum recreates the artist's
studio where many famous works were created.
-E- Central Park contains wooded and
landscaped grounds, lakes, two outdoor skating
rinks where figure skating competitions take
place, a swimming pool and fields for playing
different games. Among the park's attractions is
the Children's Zoo which contains small
animals. It is open daily 10–4.30.
-F- This small town was home to F.W. Woolworth,
a well-known businessman, who during a county
fair in 1878 tested the idea of selling things which
all cost 5 cents. It was a great success, and now
Woolworth stores are well-known in many
countries.
-G- Saranac Lake surrounded by the mountains
is a popular place for holidaymakers. Every year
the Alpo International Sled Dog Races takes
place in January, and the American-Canadian
Rugby Tournament in July.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Прочитайте утверждения 1 – 6 и следующие за ними тексты. Установите
соответствие между утверждениями и содержанием текстов. Запишите в
таблицу цифру 1, если утверждение верное, цифру 0, если утверждение неверное.
The county town of West Sussex and its only
city,Chichester is an attractive market town, which
1. Chichester was founded by the
began life as a Roman settlement, and the Roman
Romans.
street plan is still evident in its symmetrical layout. The
city has built itself up as one of southern England’s
cultural centres, hosting the Chichester Festival in early
July with a fairly interesting programme of plays,
though the studio theatre is a bit more adventurous. The
track for racing horses at Goodwood Park, north of the
2. Three cultural events take place
city, hosts one of England’s most fashionable racing
inChichester in summer.
events at the same time. The Gothic cathedral is the
main tourist attraction in the city, but two miles west of
the town are the restored Roman ruins of Fishbourne,
one of the most visited, largest and best-preserved
Roman palaces in the country. An audio-visual
programme gives a fuller picture of the palace as it was
3. Tourists can get a good idea of what
in Roman times.
the original palace looked like.
4. There are few forests left in the New
Covering about 144 square miles the New Forest is one
Forest.
of southern England’s main rural playgrounds. About
eight million visitors come here every year to enjoy a
breath of fresh air, often after spending hours in traffic
jams. The name of the New Forest is misleading, for
much of this region’s woodland was cleared long before
the Normanscame. Some wooded areas still remain and
5. The best way to explore the region is
they are aroundLyndhurst, “the capital” of the New
by car.
Forest. To get the best of the region, you need to walk
or ride through it, avoiding the places cars can reach.
There are 150 miles of car-free gravel roads, making
cycling a good idea. The region has ten campsites run
by the Forestry Commission, all of them closed between
October and Easter. In Lyndhurst you can pick up
6. Tourists can go camping all the year
numerous walking books and natural history guides.
round.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Прочитайте утверждения 1 – 6 и следующие за ними тексты. Установите
соответствие между утверждениями и содержанием текстов. Запишите в
таблицу цифру 1, если утверждение верное, цифру 0, если утверждение неверное.
On first impression, Leicester is a modern city, but an
attentive visitor will easily find traces of its Roman
and medieval past. Since the late seventeenth
century, Leicesterhas been a centre of the hosiery trade
and it was this industry that attracted hundreds of
Asian immigrants to settle here in the 1950s and
1960s. Today, about one third ofLeicester’s population
is Asian. They put on a massive and internationally
famous Diwali, Festival of Light, in October or
2. Most people of Leicester are Asian
November, when 6 thousand lamps are hung along
immigrants.
theBelgrave Road and about 20, 000 people come to
watch the switch-on. The city’s Afro-Caribbean
community celebrates its culture in a whirl of colour
and music on the first weekend in August. It is the
country’s second biggest street festival after the
3. The biggest street festival in Englandis Notting Hill Carnival in London.
held in Leicester.
1. Leicester’s history goes back to the
Roman times.
The county town of Dorset, Dorchester still functions
as the main agricultural centre for the region, and if
you come here on a Wednesday when the market takes
place you’ll find it busier than usual. For the local
tourist authorities this is essentially Thomas Hardy’s
town. He was born inDorchester and spent much of his
life here. His statue now stands on High West Street.
The town appears in his novels as Casterbridge, and
5. A famous English artist was born
the countryside all around is vividly depicted,
inDorchester.
especially the picturesque forest of Cranborne
Chase. Dorchester has an attractive central part of
mostly seventeenth-century and Georgian buildings,
though the town’s origins go back to the Romans. The
Roman walls were replaced in the eighteenth century
by tree-lined avenues called “Walks”, but some traces
6. Dorchester is no longer surrounded by of the Roman period have survived. At the back of the
County Hall excavations have uncovered a fine
Roman walls.
Roman villa with a well-preserved mosaic floor.
4. Local farmers sell their products at
themarket in Dorchester once a week.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Прочитайте утверждения 1 – 6 и следующие за ними тексты. Установите
соответствие между утверждениями и содержанием текстов. Запишите в
таблицу цифру 1, если утверждение верное, цифру 0, если утверждение неверное.
Atlanta is the most populated metropolitan area in the
Southeast. It has the world’s second busiest airport. After
World War II no city grew more than Atlanta. Of the 500
largest companies in the USA, 450 have offices
in Atlanta.One of these, Coca-Cola, is no surprise as the
formula of Coca-Cola was developed more than 100 years
ago inAtlanta. Atlanta’s sights are of great interest. Those
who are interested in history should visit Martin Luther
2. Tourists can visit the room where King Historic District. If you like “Gone With The Wind”,
then go to see theMargaret Mitchell Room in the Atlanta
Margaret Mitchell lived.
Public Library. Here you will find autographed copies of
her famous book. In Grant Park you will find no sports
grounds, but there is the Cyclorame, which contains the
world’s largest painting in the round. The length of three
football fields, it depicts the 1864 Civil War Battle of
3. There are three football fields in Atlanta with lighting and sound effects.
Grant Park.
1. Atlanta is home to a typical
American product.
4. Chicago is larger than Los
Angeles.
5. Chicago is the busiest railroad
centre in the USA.
6. Chicago’s architecture has
influenced the style of modern
cities.
1
2
3
Chicago is called “The Second City”, even though Los
Angeles has replaced it as the second largest city of the nation.
Today Chicago leads the country as a railway centre and as a
grain and livestock market. It is American largest lake port,
and second only to New York city in printing and publishing.
After the Great Fire of 1871, Chicago rebuilt itself to become
the birthplace of modern design. Chicago’s most striking
feature is its skyscrapers and breathtakingly beautiful
skyline. Chicago’s architectural school has changed urban
design throughout the world. Today, three of the world’s
tallest buildings rise above the city. One of them is
the SearsTower, standing about 1400 feet high and covering
the entire city block. From the skydeck you can see four states
on a clear day.
4
5
6
Прочитайте утверждения 1 – 6 и следующие за ними тексты. Установите
соответствие между утверждениями и содержанием текстов. Запишите в
таблицу цифру 1, если утверждение верное, цифру 0, если утверждение неверное.
As an American city New Orleans is unusual. It’s a city
whose business is above all pleasure. It was founded
around 1718 by the French. The French Quarter was the
original city of New Orleans. The beautiful homes of
1. New Orleans is a typical American
the Quarter – with their courtyards and patios, their
city.
high ceilings and large windows – were designed for
comfort in a hot climate. Jackson Square is the heart of
the Quarter. The square is alive with artists, mimes and
musicians. TheLouisiana State Museum is in four
different buildings, three of which are in Jackson
Square. Mardi Grass is the city’s most famous festival.
2. Jackson Square offers different kinds
There are many parades, and even spectators are
of entertainment.
dressed in colourful costumes. The CityPark is one of
the five largest city parks in the USA, bigger than New
York City’s Central Park. It boasts a botanical garden,
golf courses, tennis courts, 800-year old trees and a
miniature train. New Orleans is a city where jazz and
the blues really got started. You’ll find many jazz clubs
3. Visitors to the City Park can play
in New Orleans, for example, in the French Quarter.
sports there.
When you get hungry, you can treat yourself to local
specialties, like alligator soup and crawfish pie.
There is plenty to see in Portland, Oregon. All the
major sights are grouped downtown. Portland’s
downtown area is centered on the mall, which is closed
to all traffic except city buses. Here you can see the
unusual Portland Building, a post-modern collage of
pink, blue and yellow concrete and tile. Fans of this
building find it very original. Near
thePortland Building there is Portlandia, the nation’s
largest copper sculpture after the Statue of Liberty.
From April until Christmas the Saturday Market takes
place in downtownPortland. The area is filled with
street musicians, artists and crafts people. Less than two
miles west of downtown isWashington Park. The
Washington Park Zoo is Portland’s pet. The zoo also
features a number of interesting “animal talks” at
various times on weekends and has a pet-the-animals
children’s zoo. The city is famous for the Rose Festival
in June. It attracts crowds of visitors. The Rose Queen
is crowned with sapphires, zircons and rubies.
4. The main places of interest
in Portlandare situated in different
parts of the city.
5. Portlandia is the country’s largest
copper statue.
6. Informal lectures on animals are
given to animal lovers at
the Washington ParkZoo.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Установите соответствие между заголовками A – F и текстами писем 1 – 5,
опубликованных в журнале для изучающих английский язык. Занесите свои ответы
в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз.
В задании один заголовок лишний.
А. PROBLEMS WITH TEACHING METHODS
B. MAKING IT EASIER TO UNDERSTAND
C. STUDYING WITH OR WITHOUT A TEACHER
D. COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS
E. EXAMINATION RESULTS
F. ENGLISH PEOPLE'S MISTAKES
1. I'm a 24-year-old business student from Malaysia and I've been going to English classes
at night school for the past 5 years. Up to now I've thought that I'm a good student. Last
month I went to Britain. Nobody could understand me and I couldn't understand them. What
went wrong? My English teacher is very good and I always get the highest mark for my
grammar test.
2. I'm writing to ask your opinion on my problem. My English teacher never corrects my
mistakes when I'm speaking. Isn't that her job? How am I going to learn to speak better?
Also she's always telling me that I should forget all the rules of grammar that I learnt when I
was younger.
3. I am looking after two small English children. I love my job but the way that English
people speak is a little surprising. For example, I often hear them say things like 'more
friendlier', and I thought it should be 'more friendly'. Many of them say 'we was' instead of
'we were'. Can you explain this? Would it be impolite of me to correct them?
4. I have been studying English for three years. I'm quite good at reading and writing but
listening is very difficult for me. My teacher suggested that I listen to the BBC World Service
every day in order to understand English better. The problem is that it's hard for me to
understand every word. Do you have any ideas about how to make listening to the radio
less difficult? I like to listen to news very much.
5. I have studied English for five years at school but for the past six months I have been
using the Internet and books to learn. There are lots of materials to choose but I'm not sure
what is best for me and how I should use them. I really would like to take some international
examination but don't know how to study without help. Should I take a course in my local
school – which is a little expensive for me now – or is it possible to prepare for the exam on
my own?
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Установите соответствие между темами A – G и текстами 1 – 6. Занесите свои
ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна
тема лишняя.
This museum tells you about the history of
A. industry
E. а city
B. science
F. transport
C. toys
G. canals
D. costumes
1. Step inside this magical 1850s ''Cinema'' for an exciting tour of Edinburgh, the capital
of Scotland. As the lights go down a brilliant moving image of the capital appears before
you, while the guide tells the story of Edinburgh's historic past.
2. The National Waterways Museum of Gloucester brings to life the time when Britain's
waterways were dug between towns. Transport by these ways was cheaper than transport
by land. Many exhibits give visitors the chance to relive the Age which helped to
revolutionize Britain's water system.
3. Black Country Museum is an open-air museum. Your visit there is always exciting and
enjoyable. Guides in national costumes and working demonstrators tell visitors a story of
the time when different machines were invented in Britain and factories began to develop
very quickly.
4. Travel through time and discover the colourful story of travel. See shiny buses, tube
trains and trams of different centuries. As you step into the past you'll meet people who've
kept London moving for 200 years. Hold tight as you put yourself in the driving seat and
enjoy your journey.
5. This museum is full of wonderful models of trains, buses, ships and cars. See the 1920s
modelStory Land Park and play the old slot-machines. It also has a nursery of the beginning
of the 20thcentury. The wonderful collection of dolls contains different marionettes from
Ancient Roman Gladiator doll to figures of today.
6. This museum illustrates the development of human knowledge through different
instruments. The museum has a clockwork model of the solar system from1750 as well as
microscopes, telescopes, navigation instruments, electrical machines and tools.
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Установите соответствие между темами A – G и текстами 1 – 6. Занесите свои ответы
в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема
лишняя.
A. Dance
E. Imaginary person
B. Souvenirs
F. Shops
C. Food and drink
G. Language
D. Material
1. Irish hand-made tweed is famous all over the world for its individual look, its quality and
different colours. This cloth is made from wool and widely used for caps, hats, skirts,
trousers, and jackets. Tweeds can be bought in most of the larger cities as well as in the
specialist tweed shops. The most famous place for tweed production in Ireland is Donegal.
2. Ceili consists of hundreds of people. They join arms together, dance up and down a hall
at high speeds to the fast sounds of Irish traditional music. Men and women move so
quickly turning round and round, that if they don't fall at least once, it means that they are
not trying hard enough.
3. Gaelic is not widely used today in Ireland. With hundreds of years of colonisation by the
British it lost its significance and was used less and less. It wasn't allowed to be taught in
the schools, and it became impossible to use Gaelic in most jobs.
4. Irish products are very popular. Irish hand-made farmhouse cheeses, chocolates and
wild smoked salmon taste so nice that they are known everywhere. Many people like Irish
coffee which is a hot drink made with coffee, whiskey, and cream. Baileys, a cream liqueur,
is becoming known internationally. We must also mention Guinness, is a type of beer,
which for many years has been as the meal in a glass.
5. Children in Ireland love to listen to stories about leprechaun, a small wizard with magic
powers who could make impossible things happen. He is dressed in green velvet and wears
a shiny black belt and magic shoes. He is very small, no more than half a metre tall. He has
a pot of gold and gets very angry if he thinks someone is trying to steal it.
6. Irish products are of great value and high quality. They can always tell a story of the
history, culture and geography of the place where they were made. Most visitors know of
Aran sweaters, Irish lace,Ulster linen table-cloths and bed
covers, Galway glasses, Tara plates and cups. Hardly any visitor leaves the country without
buying something which will remind them of the country later.
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Установите соответствие между темами A – G и текстами 1 – 6. Занесите свои ответы
в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема
лишняя.
A. Hotel
E. Safety rules
B. Climate
F. Parks
C. Parking
G. Sightseeing
D. Newspapers
1. On most downtown Manhattan streets people are not allowed to leave their cars.
Midtown car parks and garages are about $6.75 an hour. Some restaurants and hotels
have free car parks. If you are staying at a hotel with this service, it is easiest to leave your
car in the garage and use public transport or taxis.
2. Start your day with a laugh, enjoy the funniest pictures in The New York Daily News.
Turn over the pages of The NY Times which has won a total of 108 Pulitzer prizes. Read 11
English and foreign language papers which come out every day and you will be in touch
with serious problems in the world and in the country.
3. Seasons in New York are distinct. Summers are generally hot and humid, with practically
no difference between daytime and evening temperatures. Winters tend to be bitter,
although snow and sleet are not that often. Spring and autumn are mild in the day time and
cool at nights.
4. This is a great way to see New York. Drivers are experienced and you will feel safe;
buses are comfortable and you will feel fine in any weather. They are all air-conditioned.
You are offered different excursions. The all-day excursions visit the top tourist attractions
and other excursions which last from2 to 4 hours can be interesting for people with different
tastes.
5. No visit to Long Island is complete without the Marriot. Centrally located near Roosevelt
Raceway and Roosevelt Field Indoor Mall, it offers expensive and comfortable rooms, fine
restaurants, a lively nightclub with an indoor pool. You will be offered outstanding service
and hospitality. For information and reservation call (800)228-9290.
6. Drivers, front seat passengers and all back seat passengers younger than 10 must fasten
their seat belts around themselves. The state law takes these precautions to protect people
against possible trouble. Drivers pay if their passengers are younger than 16 and not
wearing seat belts.
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Установите соответствие между заголовками A – G и текстами 1 – 6. Занесите
свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании
один заголовок лишний.
A. First computers
E. Professional sport
B.
Risky sport
F.
Shopping from home
C. Shopping in comfort
G. New users
D. Difficult task
1. A group of university students from Brazil have been given the job of discovering and
locating all the waterfalls in their country. It is not easy because very often the maps are not
detailed. The students have to remain in water for long periods of time. Every day they
cover a distance of 35 to 40 kilometersthrough the jungle, each carrying 40 kilos of
equipment.
2. For many years now, mail-order shopping has served the needs of a certain kind of
customers. Everything they order from a catalogue is delivered to their door. Now, though,
e-mail shopping on the Internet has opened up even more opportunities for this kind of
shopping.
3. Another generation of computer fans has arrived. They are neither spotty schoolchildren
nor intellectual professors, but pensioners who are learning computing with much
enthusiasm. It is particularly interesting for people suffering from arthritis as computers offer
a way of writing nice clear letters. Now pensioners have discovered the Internet and at the
moment they make up the fastest growing membership.
4. Shopping centres are full of all kinds of stores. They are like small, self-contained towns
where you can find everything you want. In a large centre, shoppers can find everything
they need without having to go anywhere else. They can leave their cars in the shopping
centre car park and buy everything in a covered complex, protected from the heat, cold or
rain.
5. Not many people know that, back in the fifties, computers were very big, and also very
slow. They took up complete floors of a building, and were less powerful, and much slower
than any of today’s compact portable computers. At first, the data they had to process and
record was fed in on punched-out paper; later magnetic tape was used, but both systems
were completely inconvenient.
6. Potholing is a dull name for a most interesting and adventurous sport. Deep
underground, on the tracks of primitive men and strange animals who have adapted to life
without light, finding unusual landscapes and underground lakes, the potholer lives an
exciting adventure. You mustn’t forget, though, that it can be quite dangerous. Without the
proper equipment you can fall, get injured or lost.
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Установите соответствие между темами A – G и текстами 1 – 6. Занесите свои
ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна
тема лишняя.
A. An office at home
E. Saving energy
B. Computers for making films
F.
Saving space
C. “No” to computer games
G. Driving in the future
D. Computers for building up team spirit
1. Safe, comfortable and, above all, green. Electric-powered cars will not produce any
substances which are dangerous for either people or the environment. In 10-20 years all
cars will have their own built-in computers. These computers will help choose the best way
to go and avoid accidents. You can even sit back and let the computer do the driving!
2. As you know personal computers use a lot of power. In fact, with their printers and
monitors, computers in the USA use each year as much electricity as the whole state
of Oregon. Not to waste electricity, new “green” computers are being developed by more
than a hundred personal computer firms in the USA. When left on but unused for more than
a few minutes, they go down to a standby, using 80 per cent less energy. At a command
the PCs return to full power.
3. Nowadays, people working in offices use computers, which contain hundreds of
documents. Do you know how much space these documents would take up, if they were
printed on paper? They’d occupy whole rooms! In many offices computers are linked in a
network. This way, employees can exchange information and messages without moving
from their tables.
4. Technology has allowed more and more people to work from the place where they live.
Using a modem on a telephone line connected to their computer, everyone can be linked to
the company computer. In this way, they don’t waste so much time, because they don’t
have to go to the office every day. It also means less pollution in the atmosphere caused by
transport.
5. Good-bye, pencils! Farewell, sheets of paper! These days cartoons are being made with
a computer. The first-ever cartoon to be created by computer was “Toy Story” produced by
Steve Jobs. A typical Walt Disney cartoon usually needs up to 600 designers. “Toy Story”
was made using only 100. So, like so much of modern life, today’s cinema seems to be
falling more and more into the hands of the computer.
6. If someone asked you about the negative aspects of a computer game, probably the first
thing that would come to your mind is that it isolates a person from other people. Now the
first virtual reality computer game has appeared which can be played in a group of 6 people
at the same time. The game is called “The Loch Ness Expedition.” Each player is given a
role in the underwater expedition. Players have to cooperate to achieve the goal.
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ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна
тема лишняя.
A. Colours for royal families
E.
Colours around you
B. Origin of the toy’s name
F.
Toys for all ages
C. Popular names
G.
Lovely animals
D. Personal names
1. People say that red, yellow and orange are “warm”, and that blue and green are “cool”.
But if you touch a red wool sweater, it doesn’t feel warmer than a blue wool sweater.
Scientists have taken the temperature of colours with a special instrument called a
thermopile and have found that reds and oranges are warmer than blues and greens.
2. Pandas are wonderful. They look so nice, rather like soft furry toys. No wonder people
love them. At any zoo they are always the centre of attention. The most striking thing about
pandas is their black and white colouring. Pandas are strict vegetarians. They eat only
young bamboo stems and nothing else. Pandas are peaceful, friendly and harmless. They
have no enemies.
3. Imagine being arrested and thrown into prison for wearing a certain colour! It could have
happened back in the days when kings and emperors ruled. In ancient Rome only the
emperor and his wife could have purple or gold clothes. In China, only the emperor could
wear yellow. And in France, in the past, only a princess could wear a scarlet dress.
4. Today we can hardly imagine a world without this eager listener and loyal friend, the
teddy bear. But why is it called Teddy? The story goes back to 1902, when Theodore
Roosevelt was President of theUnited States. The press and the people fondly called him
Teddy. Once on a hunting trip, he couldn’t bring himself to shoot a defenseless bear cub.
The owners of a candy store in New York made a little toy bear cub and put it in their shop
window with a handwritten notice saying “Teddy’s bear”. The bear became a hit with the
public.
5. Pet names, like human ones, go in and out of fashion. According to Bairbre O’Malley,
a London vet, they reflect larger trends in society. The computer boom, for example, has
produced dogs called Mac, Apple and, for smaller breeds, Microchip, or
Laptop. Hollywood’s influence has inspired names like Conan and Terminator for bull
terriers and other strong breeds. Mr O’Malley also remarked that many animals he treated
after road accidents were called Lucky.
6. One of the most popular tourist attractions today is Legoland Windsor, the newest theme
park inEurope. It is a theme park and the theme is bricks. Lego bricks, to be specific. You
know those little plastic toy bricks children use to build castles, bridges, all sorts of things.
Some grown-ups play with Lego bricks, too. One hundred of them worked for two and a half
years to design buildings, trains, cars, boats, fountains and people for Legoland Windsor.
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Прочитайте журнальную статью о книге и выполните задания 1 – 5, выбирая
букву A, B, Cили D. Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами
варианту ответа.
"A good book for children should simply be a good book in its own right." These are the
words of Mollie Hunter, a well-known author of books for youngsters. Born and bred
near Edinburgh, Mollie has devoted her talents to writing primarily for young people. She
firmly believes that there is always and should always be a wider audience for any good
book whatever its main market. In Mollie's opinion it is essential to make full use of
language and she enjoys telling a story, which is what every writer should be doing: ''If you
aren't telling a story, you're a very dead writer indeed,'' she says.
When Mollie was a child her home was still a village with buttercup meadows and
strawberry fields – sadly now covered with modern houses. "I was once taken back to see it
and I felt that somebody had lain dirty hands all over my childhood. I'll never go back," she
said. "Never." ''When I set one of my books in Scotland," she said, "I can recapture my
romantic feelings as a child playing in those fields, or watching the village blacksmith at
work. And that's important, because children now know so much so early that romance
can't exist for them, as it did for us."
To this day, Mollie has a lively affection for children, which is reflected in the love she has
for her writing. "When we have visitors with children the adults always say, "If you go to visit
Mollie, she'll spend more time with the children." Molly believes that parents don't realize
that children are much more interesting company and always have something new and
unexpected to say.
1. In Mollie's opinion a good book should
А) be attractive to a wide audience.
B) be attractive primarily to youngsters.
C) be based on original ideas.
D) include a lot of description.
2. How does Mollie feel about what has happened to her birthplace?
А) confused
B) ashamed
C) disappointed
D) surprised
3. In comparison with children of earlier years, Mollie feels that modern children are
А) more romantic.
B) better informed.
C) less keen to learn.
D) less interested in fiction.
4. Mollie's adult visitors generally discover that she
А) is a lively person.
B) is interesting company.
C) talks a lot about her work.
D) pays more attention to their children.
5. Mollie thinks that the parents
А) are not aware of their children’s gifts.
B) overestimate their children’s talents.
C) sometimes don’t understand what their children say.
D) don’t spend much time with their children.
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Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами варианту ответа.
I had first become acquainted with my Italian friend by meeting him at certain great houses where he
taught his own language and I taught drawing. All I then knew of the history of his life was that he had
leftItaly for political reasons; and that he had been for many years respectably established in London as a
teacher.
Without being actually a dwarf – for he was perfectly well-proportioned from head to foot – Pesca was, I
think, the smallest human being I ever saw. Remarkable anywhere, by his personal appearance, he was
still further distinguished among the mankind by the eccentricity of his character. The ruling idea of
Peska's life now was to show his gratitude to the country that had given him a shelter by doing his utmost
to turn himself into an Englishman. The Professor aspired to become an Englishman in his habits and
amusements, as well as in his personal appearance. Finding us distinguished, as a nation, by our love of
athletic exercises, the little man, devoted himself to all our English sports and pastimes, firmly persuaded
that he could adopt our national amusements by an effort of will the same way as he had adopted our
national gaiters and our national white hat.
I had seen him risk his limbs blindly unlike others at a fox-hunt and in a cricket field; and soon
afterwards I saw him risk his life, just as blindly, in the sea at Brighton.
We had met there accidentally, and were bathing together. If we had been engaged in any exercise
peculiar to my own nation I should, of course, have looked after Pesca carefully; but as foreigners are
generally quite as well able to take care of themselves in the water as Englishmen, it never occurred to
me that the art of swimming might merely add one more to the list of manly exercises which the Professor
believed that he could learn on the spot. Soon after we had both struck out from shore, I stopped, finding
my friend did not
follow me, and turned round to look for him. To my horror and amazement,
I saw nothing between me and the beach but two little white arms which struggled for an instant above
the surface of the water, and then disappeared from view. When I dived for him, the poor little man was
lying quietly at the bottom, looking smaller than I had ever seen him look before.
When he had thoroughly recovered himself, his warm Southern nature broke through all artificial English
restraints in a moment. He overwhelmed me with the wildest expressions of affection and in his
exaggerated Italian way declared that he should never be happy again until he rendered me some service
which I might remember to the end of my days.
Little did I think then – little did I think afterwards – that the opportunity of serving me was soon to come;
that he was eagerly to seize it on the instant; and that by so doing he was to turn the whole current of my
existence into a new channel. Yet so it was. If I had not dived for Professor Pesca when he lay under
water, I should never, perhaps, have heard even the name of the woman, who now directs the purpose of
my life.
1. Peska taught
A) drawing.
B) Italian.
C) English.
D) politics.
2. Peska impressed people by being
A) well-built.
B) well-mannered.
C) strange.
D) ill-mannered.
3. Peska tried to become a true Englishman because he
A) was thankful to the country that had adopted him.
B) enjoyed Englishman's pastimes and amusements.
C) loved the way the English did athletic exercises.
D) was fond of the eccentric fashions of the English.
4. ‘… risk his limbs blindly’ means Peska
A) didn’t look where he went.
B) was unaware of danger from others.
C) caused a problem for others.
D) acted rather thoughtlessly.
5. The author didn't look after Peska carefully because
A) they both had been engaged in the peculiar English exercise.
B) foreigners were generally bathing not far from the shore.
C) the author was sure that Peska would learn swimming on the spot.
D) the author was sure that Peska was a very good swimmer.
6. Peska wanted to do the author some favour as
A) it was in his warm nature.
B) the author had saved his life.
C) the author was his best friend.
D) he wanted to look English.
7. Peska managed to
A) change the author’s life completely.
B) become English to the core.
C) meet a woman who later directed his life.
D) turn his existence into a new channel.
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Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Pitcher, a confidential clerk in the office of Harvey Maxwell, allowed a look of mild interest and
surprise when his employer briskly entered at half-past nine in company with a young lady. Miss
Leslie had been Maxwell’s stenographer for a year. She was beautiful in a way that was
decidedly unstenographic. On this morning she was softly and shyly radiant. Her eyes were
dreamily bright, her expression a happy one, tinged with reminiscence. Pitcher, still mildly
curious, noticed a difference in her ways this morning. Instead of going straight into the
adjoining room, where her desk was, she stayed for a while, slightly irresolute, in the outer
office. Once she moved over by Maxwell’s desk near enough for him to be aware of her
presence.
The man sitting at that desk was no longer a man; it was a machine, moved by buzzing wheels
and uncoiling springs.
“Well – what is it? Anything?” asked Maxwell sharply.
“Nothing,” answered the stenographer, moving away with a little smile.
This day was Harvey Maxwell’s busy day. Messenger boys ran in and out with messages and
telegrams. Maxwell himself jumped from desk to door sweating. On the Exchange there were
hurricanes and snowstorms and volcanoes, and those powerful disturbances were reproduced
in miniature in Maxwell’s office. The rush and pace of business grew faster and fiercer. Share
prices were falling and orders to sell them were coming and going and the man was working like
some strong machine. Here was a world of finance, and there was no room in it for the human
world or the world of nature.
When the luncheon hour came, Maxwell stood by his desk with a fountain pen over his right ear.
His window was open. And through the window came a delicate, sweet smell of lilac that fixed
the broker for a moment immovable. For this odour belonged to Miss Leslie; it was her own, and
hers only. She was in the next room – twenty steps away.
“By George, I'll do it now,” said Maxwell half aloud. “ I’ll ask her now. I wonder why I didn’t
do it long ago.” He dashed into the inner office and charged upon the desk of the stenographer.
She looked at him with a smile.
“Miss Leslie,” he began hurriedly, “I have but a moment to spare. I want to say something in that
moment. Will you be my wife? I haven’t had time to approach you in the ordinary way, but I
really do love you.”
“Oh, what are you talking about?” exclaimed the young lady. She rose to her feet and gazed
upon him, round-eyed.
“Don’t you understand?” said Maxwell. “I want you to marry me. I love you, Miss Leslie. I
wanted to tell you, and I snatched a minute. They are calling me for the phone now. Tell them to
wait a minute, Pitcher. Won’t you, Miss Leslie?”
The stenographer acted very strangely. She seemed overcome with amazement; then tears flowed
from her wondering eyes; and then she smiled sunnily through them.
“I know now,” she said softly. “It is this old business that has driven everything else out of your
head for the time. I was frightened at first. Don’t you remember, Harvey? We were married last
evening at 8 o’clock in the Little Church Around the Corner.”
1. Harvey Maxwell was
A) a stenographer.
B) a clerk.
C) Pitcher’s boss.
D) Pitcher’s partner.
2. Pitcher was mildly interested and surprised because
A) Miss Leslie moved decidedly to Maxwell's desk.
B) Miss Leslie arrived with Maxwell.
C) Maxwell came late at half past ten.
D) Maxwell looked irresolute that morning.
3. It was Harvey Maxwell's hard day because
A) he had no one to help him.
B) all messenger boys had gone.
C) the weather was hot.
D) the Exchange was a busy place.
4. ‘On the Exchange there were hurricanes and snowstorms and volcanoes’ means
A) the Exchange was about to be destroyed.
B) the financial situation was difficult.
C) natural disasters often happened in that area.
D) those were powerful disturbances of nature.
5. Maxwell dashed into the inner office at lunch time because
A) he liked the lilac smell.
B) the smell reminded him of Miss Leslie.
C) Pitcher called him for a phone call.
D) he needed to send a message.
6. Harvey Maxwell made a proposal between phone calls because he
A) was rather pressed for time.
B) used to make business proposals in such a way.
C) always acted very strangely.
D) was afraid Miss Leslie would leave him.
7. Miss Leslie was astonished by the proposal because
A) she had never heard anyone make it in such a way.
B) she had never expected it from Harvey Maxwell.
C) she had married the man the day before.
D) it came too quickly and without warning.
Прочитайте отрывок из романа и выполните задания 1 – 7, выбирая
букву A, B, C или D. Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами
варианту ответа.
The London Marathon celebrates its 23rd birthday. That is 23 years of stresses and strains,
blisters and sore bits, and incredible tales. Somehow, yours truly has managed to run four of
them. And I have medals to prove it. It seemed like a good idea at the time. I watched the
inaugural London Marathon onMarch 29th, 1981. It seemed extraordinary that normal people
would want to run 26 miles and 385 yards. And, it must be said, they looked strange and not
quite steady at the end of it all. There are, indeed, terrible tales of people losing consciousness
by the time they reach that glorious finishing line. But I was captivated. I knew I had to do it.
Three years later I was living in London, not far from Greenwich where the event begins, and it
seemed the perfect opportunity to give it a go. I was only a short train ride from the starting line,
but more than 26 miles from the finish. “Who cares?” I thought. By the end I did. The moment I
crossed that finishing line, and had that medal placed around my neck, was one of the finest in
my life. The sense of achievement was immense. It was a mad thing to do, and ultimately
pointless. But knowing that I’d run a Marathon – that most historic of all distant races – felt
incredible.
London provides one of the easiest of all the officially sanctioned marathons because most of it
is flat. Yes, there are the cobblestones while running through the Tower of London, and there
are the quiet patches where crowds are thin and you are crying out for some encouragement –
those things matter to the alleged “fun” runners like myself, the serious runners don’t think of
such things.
This year London will attract unprecedented number of athletes, a lot of title holders among
them. It is set to witness what is probably the greatest field ever for a marathon. In the men’s
race, for example, among numerous applicants there’s the holder of the world’s best time,
Khalid Khannouchi of the USA; the defending champion El Mouriz of Morocco; Ethiopia’s
Olympic bronze-medallist Tesfaye Tola. And, making his marathon debut, is one of the finest
long distance runners of all time Haile Gebrselassie.
Since 1981, almost half a million people have completed the London Marathon, raising more
than $125 million for charity. For the majority of the runners, this is what it is all about. It is for
charity, for fun, for self-development. It is a wonderful day. I have run it with poor training, with
proper training. And I have always loved it.
It’s crazy, and it’s one of the greatest things I’ve ever done. If you want to feel as though you’ve
achieved something, run a marathon.
1. Participation in the London Marathon resulted for the author in
A) stresses and strains.
B) blisters and sore bits.
C) memorable medals.
D) incredible tales.
2. When the author watched the end of the first marathon he saw people who were
A) extraordinary steady.
B) feeling weak and exhausted.
C) losing consciousness.
D) having a glorious time.
3. The reason for the author’s participation in the marathon was the fact that he
A) was fascinated by it.
B) lived not far from its finishing line.
C) wanted to receive a medal.
D) wanted to do something incredible.
4. “By the end I did” means that the author
A) found the distance suitable.
B) found the distance challenging.
C) decided to take part in the marathon.
D) eventually took a train to the finish.
5. According to the author, the London Marathon is one of the easiest because
A) it goes through the Tower of London.
B) there are quiet patches without crowds.
C) many “fun” runners participate in it.
D) its course does not slope up or down.
6. “… the greatest field ever for a marathon” means that the marathon
A) will take place on a big field.
B) is to be run by the famous runners only.
C) will be witnessed by more people.
D) will welcome a huge number of sportsmen.
7. According to the author, one should run the London Marathon to
A) raise money for charity.
B) get some training.
C) feel self-fulfillment.
D) have fun in a crazy way.
Прочитайте отрывок из романа и выполните задания 1 – 7, выбирая
букву A, B, C или D. Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами
варианту ответа.
Harry had come to Canada from Poland at the age of eight. The family was sent to a Jewish
farming village in Manitoba. His father had been a merchant in the old country, but he was
allowed into Canadaon condition that he took up agriculture. In the village, they lived in a small
wooden house.
When he was sixteen Harry moved to Winnipeg to work for his cousin Albert in the fur business.
He was paid fifteen dollars a week for sixty or seventy hours of work. This arrangement
continued for two years, and then Harry asked for a raise or a reduction in working time. His
cousin said no; that was when Harry began his own family fur business. After his parents sold
their farm and moved into the city, he operated out of their North Winnipeg basement.
I was introduced to Harry through a friend of mine, a local city planner. Harry now owned
properties in the exchange district, so named because it was where the grain and fur exchanges
started. My friend had been encouraging Harry to renovate these buildings. The city was trying
to save its architectural past. Much remained that would have been torn down in other Canadian
cities.
The three of us walked to a restaurant called Bottles. Looking at the menu, Harry said he didn’t
want anything rich. He had had problems with his stomach since he was eighteen. “Poor
eating,” he explained. There had not been enough money for decent food.
“I don’t know what’s happened to Winnipeg,” Harry said. “Thirty years ago Portage Avenue was
full of life. Now in the evening the whole downtown is dead.”
Harry had bought his first raw pelts in 1952. There had been a thousand people employed in the
fur trade when he began. Now he thought there might be a hundred. The fur manufactures
in Montreal andToronto, many of them Greek immigrants, had taken over the business. “We
used to work like dogs. One of my parents’ neighbours reported us – we weren’t supposed to
work out of a house – so we had to rent space downtown. People said we’d be broke very
soon. But slowly we expanded.”
Harry was among the inter-war immigrants who had given Winnipeg’s north end its special
character. Then North Winnipeg had been a seat of political ferment and of Jewish immigrant
culture. Its history had acquired a patina because so many talented people had escaped its
poverty and gone into business or the arts professions. But Harry was one of the last. Many of
the old Jewish families had moved across the river into more expensive neighbourhoods. There
was a new underclass made up of Filipinos, Vietnamese, and Canadian Indians.
1. Harry’s father was permitted to come to Canada if he
A) didn’t work in agriculture.
B) became a farmer.
C) remained a merchant.
D) returned to Poland after some years.
2. Harry stopped working for his cousin Albert because
A) he returned to his father’s farm.
B) he went to Poland to start his own business.
C) his cousin refused to pay him more money.
D) his cousin wanted to increase working hours.
3. A local city planner wanted Harry to
A) tear down the old buildings.
B) own the buildings.
C) exchange the buildings for fur.
D) restore the buildings.
4. Harry had some problems with his stomach because in his childhood he
A) had eaten too much.
B) had not been able to eat proper food.
C) used to starve.
D) had liked rich food.
5. One of Harry’s parents’ neighbours told the police about them because they
A) used to work like dogs.
B) rented a place downtown.
C) ran their business at home.
D) had expanded their business.
6. “People said we’d be broke very soon” means that people expected them to
A) go bankrupt soon.
B) destroy their house.
C) have a breakthrough in business.
D) break their back due to hard work.
7. “Last” in “Harry was one of the last” refers to
A) the political figures who gave Manitoba its special character.
B) those who had moved into more expensive neighbourhood.
C) successful immigrants who still lived in North Winnipeg.
D) those who had chosen the profession of the arts.
Прочитайте отрывок из романа и выполните задания 1 – 7, выбирая
букву A, B, C или D. Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами
варианту ответа.
I wanted to find my niche. I wanted to fit so badly with some group, any group in high
school. Sports didn’t really work for me. In fact, I dreaded those times in PE when the
captains picked teams. Fights sometimes happened between captains about who would
have the misfortune of ending up with me on their team. But one day, I saw a girl I liked go
into the marching band office to sign up. Okay, sure, the uniforms looked stupid and being
in the band didn’t exactly give you the best reputation at school, but there was Jaclyn. I
would later learn that many of the greatest musicians of our time were motivated to music
by some girl whose name they most likely don’t remember anymore.
The first thing to learn was how to hold the drum and play it. Holding the drum and playing it
is not as easy as it might look. I did, after several private lessons, learn the rhythm. Next, as
if that weren’t difficult enough, I had to learn how to play it while not only walking, but
marching. At the end of the summer, our uniforms arrived. The band uniform is a sacred
attire. It is not only carefully sized to fit the individual, long-sleeved and hand sewn,
acquired through a lot of fund raising activities, and cleaned after each use. It is worn with
pride. It is also 100 percent wool.
I forgot to mention something. In addition to an inability to play sports, I was also not so
good at marching. If you were not in step, the band director would yell in a loud and
embarrassingly annoyed voice, “OUT OF STEP!” It was at that point that I began to
question my decision to join the band. How do playing music and marching around in silly
formations, all “in step”, go together?
The day of our first competition finally arrived. Although it didn’t start until 9 a.m., we had to
meet at 6 a.m. to get our uniforms from the “band boosters” – those selfless, dedicated
parents who provided comfort and assistance to the members of the band. I was not really
in existence. I could walk and talk, but inside my brain was fast asleep. I was standing
around waiting for my hat to be cleaned when I noticed a big container of coffee. I poured
myself a cup – my first-ever cup of coffee. It tasted pretty bitter, but I had to wake up.
Finally, they lined us all up and off we went. I had had my coffee, so I marched and beat the
rhythm out with all my heart. Then, suddenly all my energy drained away. I began to feel
sleepy and I fell “OUT OF STEP.” No one noticed at first and I tried to skip back into step.
But nothing worked. Then I saw one of the band boosters talking to another one and
pointing at me. Then they motioned for me to leave the formation. I walked over to them as
the band marched on. They told me what I already knew, I was “OUT OF STEP”, and would
have to stay out of the formation until the band passed the judging stand.
I couldn’t believe it. Now I had to climb over the lawn chairs, popcorn and arms and legs of
my fellow townspeople for the next mile to keep up with the band, carrying my drum and
wearing my uniform. This was the most humiliating moment of my life.
1. When the narrator was in high school he
A) wanted badly to belong to some sports team.
B) looked forward to PE classes.
C) sometimes had fights with team captains picking teams.
D) longed to have something in common with other students.
2. The reason why the narrator decided to sign up for the band was his
A) dream to become a musician.
B) wish to get a better reputation.
C) attraction to a girl.
D) liking the band uniform.
3. “The band uniform is a sacred attire” means it is
A) carefully sized to fit the individual.
B) long-sleeved hand sewn pure wool.
C) cleaned after each use.
D) highly respected and symbolic.
4. The narrator began to question his decision to join the band because he
A) saw no connection between playing music and marching.
B) suddenly found out that he was not so good at marching.
C) had a bad ear for music.
D) got frightened by the yells of the band director.
5. The narrator had a cup of coffee before marching because he
A) sometimes liked to have some.
B) didn't want to feel sleepy.
C) had got tired of waiting.
D) liked its bitter taste.
6. When the narrator fell “OUT OF STEP” he
A) just kept on marching.
B) expected the band boosters to encourage him.
C) worked hard to improve the situation.
D) looked forward to leaving the formation.
7. When the narrator was told to leave the formation he felt
A) frightened that the band director would scold him.
B) miserable because he knew he would be a laughing stock.
C) relieved because he did not have to march any more.
D) happy that he could join his fellow townspeople.
Прочитайте отрывок из романа и выполните задания 1 – 7, выбирая
букву A, B, C или D. Установите соответствие номера задания выбранному вами
варианту ответа.
I like my house and my bed and my shower. I do not like camping. I guess that means I’m
weird. Men are supposed to like camping. When I was eight, my father took me on our first
and last camping trip together. It was the worst weekend of my life. It was freezing cold. It
rained. We went for a hike, and I got lost. My dad had tried to teach me how to use a
compass. We walked for a mile while he talked about north, south, east and west. I was
cold and bored, so I didn’t listen very well. He left me with the compass and told me to find
my way back. My dad says I wasn’t lost for very long. It felt like a whole day.
My company recently transferred me to Denver, Colorado. My new co-workers have invited
me to go hiking or camping several times since I arrived. I keep making excuses, because I
do not want to tell them the truth. My buddy from Texas thinks I should go over it, because
I’m not eight anymore. I’m afraid that if I go, I will make a complete fool of myself. If I don’t
go, they will quit asking. If they quit asking, I won’t have any buddies to hang out with. Back
home my buddies and I played golf every other Saturday. I miss golf. But here wilderness
stuff is what people do for fun.
I finally decided I would give it a try. They made plans to hike in
the Rocky Mountain National Park this weekend. After work, I found the nearest wilderness
shop. The salesperson thought I had lost my mind, but boy he had a big smile on his face. I
bought one of almost everything, just in case. I even bought a wilderness guide. I think I
could survive on Mount Everest wearing the coat he sold me. I went home and read all the
manuals. I practiced setting up a tent in the backyard. I wore my new hiking boots around
the house until I got a blister.
After packing my car Friday morning, I could not see out the back of my Jeep Cherokee.
Everything I bought was crammed inside. We decided to caravan to Estes Park and then
hike up Beaver Meadow Trail. I wondered if we would get lost. But I just wanted to play it
cool and follow along.
After work, we went in the parking lot to discuss who would lead the caravan. As soon as
they saw my Jeep, they started giving me a hard time. “Are ya movin’ in, Tom?” “Movin’ in
where?” “To the woods”. They all laughed. “Oh that. Just wanted to be prepared.” They
raised their eyebrows and gave me the OK sign. I felt like a complete idiot. “You should
have told us. We would have left everything we own at home”. “Very funny. Bunch of
comedians.”
On the way to Estes Park, I tried to relax. I tried to think macho thoughts. And then it started
to rain. I panicked. All I could think about was being eight years old, alone in the woods,
cold and hungry. The guys didn’t seem bothered by the rain. In fact, they seemed to enjoy
it. We all put on our backpacks. Once again, I stood out. My backpack looked bright and
spotless. I forgot to rub it in the dirt and stomp on it. The price tag was still hanging from the
zipper. My backpack was the only one dripping with gadgets. They all stared at me.
On the way up Beaver Meadow Trail, the rain started to pour. It was cold and harsh. I
removed theMount Everest coat from my waist and put it on. One of my gadgets was a
small, sturdy umbrella. I pulled it off the hook, opened it, and held it in front of my face. The
waterproof gloves I bought felt toasty warm. I looked around at my macho friends. They
were checking out my backpack. I suddenly felt more confident. They looked miserable, and
I almost felt sorry for them. When it started to hail, we moved off the trail.
I removed my backpack. A rolled up tent was attached to the bottom with straps of Velcro.
They didn’t laugh this time. It took us 30 minutes, but we finally put the tent together. It was
not big enough for five people. Somehow, we squeezed inside anyway. After several
awkward moments, someone said “So what else you got in that backpack, Tom?” We spent
the next hour joking and laughing and eating beef jerky. I told them all about my first
camping experience. I also told them that I miss playing golf. They said they would give it a
try sometime. I decided camping might not be so bad after all.
1. Tom believes that he is weird because he
A) expects to sleep in a comfortable bed when camping.
B) didn’t like camping when he was eight years old.
C) doesn’t like the thing other people expect him to enjoy.
D) didn’t like to spend weekends with his father in his childhood.
2. Tom got lost on a hike because
A) his father hadn’t explained to him how to use a compass.
B) his father had left him alone to teach him a lesson.
C) he wanted to make his father feel sorry for him.
D) he had paid no attention to what his father was telling him.
3. Tom isn’t quite happy in Denver because
A) he feels a complete fool in the company of his co-workers.
B) he dislikes the leisure time activities of his new colleagues.
C) his new colleagues have quit inviting him to go hiking or camping.
D) there are no men whom he would like to become his buddies.
4. The salesperson thought Tom had lost his mind because
A) Tom wanted to climb Mount Everest without any previous experience.
B) Tom had bought a lot of unnecessary things.
C) no one had ever bought so many manuals.
D) Tom had bought outrageously expensive hiking equipment.
5. Tom’s colleagues started giving him a hard time because they
A) thought he had too many things in his jeep.
B) were envious of his Jeep Cherokee and hiking equipment.
C) believed he was a complete idiot.
D) thought he couldn’t lead the caravan.
6. When everyone stared at his backpack Tom wished he
A) had bought a cheaper one.
B) had removed some of the gadgets.
C) hadn’t bought such a bright one.
D) had made it look old and used.
7. Tom found his camping experience not so bad after all because
A) it taught him to appreciate nature’s beauty.
B) he realized that camping might go well with playing sports.
C) he enjoyed the company of his co-workers.
D) he liked eating beef cooked over a campfire.
Установите соответствие тем A-H текстам 1-7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
A. PARTY DESSERT
E. GIVING A PARTY
B. OUTDOOR GAME
F. PARTY ANIMALS
C. TAKING CARE OF A PET
G. FUN ON THE WAY
D. COLLECTING THINGS
H. PARTY GAME
1. Ask your parents for permission to have a party. Decide what kind of party you want and
whether it will be held indoors or outdoors. Send written invitations to your friends. Tell them
what kind of party you are having, at what time, where, and whether or not the guests should
wear costumes. Make a list of games you would like to play. Ask your mother to help you
prepare refreshments. Ice cream, cake, cookies, and lemonade are good for any party.
2. This activity makes everybody laugh. Have the guests sit around the room. Choose one person
to be a pussycat. The pussy must go over to a guest and do his/her best to make the guest laugh.
He/she can make funny meows and walk around like a cat. The pussy goes from one guest to
another until someone laughs. The first one to laugh becomes the new pussy.
3. It’s easy to make a cake from a cake mix that you get from the grocery store. You usually add
only water or milk. Cake mixes come in many flavours, such as chocolate, lemon, banana,
vanilla and others. When you make a cake from a mix, always follow the directions on the
package carefully. Then you can be sure that your cake will turn out right and your guests will
enjoy it. Many mixes have a small envelope of powdered frosting hidden inside the flour.
4. As you ride on a bus with your friends, get someone to start singing. Everyone joins in. At the
first crossroad, another person starts a different song, and everyone joins in. Keep changing
songs at every crossroad.
5. Looking after cats is easy. They wash themselves every day and eat almost any food. Cats like
to drink milk and cream. But they need to be fed fish, beef, liver, and other kinds of meat. They
need a clean, dry bed at night. You can use a basket or a cardboard box for your cat’s bed. Cats
like to play with a rubber ball or chase a string.
6. You can have a whole army of toy soldiers made of tin, wood or plastic. Some may be dressed
in fancy uniforms, some may be sitting on horses. Others may be ready for battle, carrying guns
and shoulder packs. You can have soldiers from other countries, or only Civil War soldiers or
only modern soldiers. If you get two soldiers that are alike, trade your extra soldier with another
toy soldier lover.
7. Even animals get involved in elections. The donkey and elephant have been political symbols
in theUSA for more than 100 years. Why? In 1828, Democrat Andrew Jackson ran for president.
Critics said he was stubborn as a donkey. The donkey has been the symbol of the Democratic
Party ever since. In the 1870s, newspaper cartoonists began using the elephant to stand for the
Republican Party.
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Установите соответствие тем A – H текстам 1 – 7. Занесите свои ответы в
таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема
лишняя.
A. Musical performance
E. Film for all ages
B. Attractive landscape
F. Exciting hobby
C. Perfect holidays
G. Colourful festival
D. Portrait of a girl
H. Interesting book
1. This is a full-length (ninety minutes) cartoon, which is entertaining for both adults and
children over six. The animation and colour are of very high quality and the story has lots of
fun and excitement. The plot is quick moving and full of surprises. There’s romance, action,
comedy, music and lots of fantastic songs and dances.
2. This is a full-blooded magnificently written portrait of history’s most fascinating woman.
Readers will lose themselves for hours in this richly entertaining novel full of dramatic twists
and turns. From the spectacular era that bears her name comes the spellbinding story of
Elizabeth I – her tragic childhood, her confrontation with Mary, Queen of Scots and her
brilliant reign.
3. The young woman is shown in a “shepherdess” hat and white dress, recalling a classical
chiton. The background landscape, common in such paintings, seems to indicate the
heroine’s closeness to nature, to the ordinary joys of life. The painter’s colour range – at
times us translucent as porcelain, at others muted like mother-of-pearl – is based upon
subtle plays of gray and green, light blue and pink.
4. In this picture one is struck by artist’s absolute mastery in portraying natural details,
whether the dry, sandy soil of the forest, the clear stream of water in the foreground, the
yellow bark and fluffy needles of the pines, or the sense of a bright, clear, calm summer
day. The artist managed to create an image familiar to anyone who has seen a Russian
forest.
5. Have a good time on the most lively and exciting island in the Caribbean. Relax under a
palm tree on the white sandy beaches. Swim in the clear, blue sea. Listen to the bands
playing Calypso music. Or get really adventurous and go scuba diving for sunken treasure
on the sea bed. Join in the many cultural celebrations we offer, for example the sugar
harvest festival.
6. This event is considered the greatest attraction for visitors to the Isle of Man. No definite
date can be given, but it is normally held between 5th and 15th July. The Pageant begins at
about 8 p.m. First we are given a glimpse of village life in Celtic times. Then suddenly
Viking long ships appear and then there are scenes of war. Then Celts and Vikings unite,
and the Manx nation is born. The actual Pageant is followed by a grand torchlight
procession and firework display.
7. Do you like Latin American dancing? Do you want to dance like you see in the films and
on the stage? Do you want to feel the rhythm of the music in your body and in your soul?
Do you want to meet other people who have a love for the same music as you? If you have
answered “Yes” to any of these questions, join our Latin dance classes on Thursday night
between seven and ten. All are welcome.
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Установите соответствие тем A – H текстам 1 – 7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
A. A taste of everything
E. Activities for the adventurous and hardy
B. Shop till you drop
F. On the crossroads of religions
C. City’s tourist attractions
G. For the body, mind and soul
D. Ancient traditions live on
H. From the high peaks to the deep seas
1. Today Jakarta has much to offer, ranging from museums, art and antique markets, first class
shopping to accommodations and a wide variety of cultural activities. Jakarta’s most famous
landmark, the National Monument or Monas is a 137m obelisk topped with a flame sculpture
coated with 35 kg of gold. Among other places one can mention the National museum that holds
an extensive collection of ethnographic artifacts and relics, the Maritime Museum that
exhibits Indonesia’s seafaring traditions, including models of sea going vessels.
2. Sumatra is a paradise for nature lovers, its national parks are the largest in the world, home to
a variety of monkeys, tigers and elephants. Facing the open sea, the western coastline
of Sumatra and the waters surrounding Nias Island have big waves that make them one of the
best surfer’s beaches inIndonesia. There are beautiful coral reefs that are ideal for diving. For
those who prefer night dives, the waters of Riau Archipelago offer a rewarding experience with
marine scavengers of the dark waters.
3. Various establishments offer professional pampering service with floral baths, body scrubs,
aromatic oils, massages and meditation; rituals and treatments that use spices and aromatic herbs
to promote physical and mental wellness. Various spa hotels are extremely popular. Indonesians
believe that when treating the body you cure the mind.
4. Jakarta has a distinctly cosmopolitan flavor. Tantalize your taste buds with a gastronomic
spree around the city’s many eateries. Like French gourmet dining, exotic Asian cuisine,
American fast food, stylish cafes, restaurants all compete to find a way into your heart through
your stomach. The taste ofIndonesia’s many cultures can be found in almost any corner of the
city: hot and spicy food from West Sumatra, sweet tastes of Dental Java, the tangy fish dishes
of North Sulawesi.
5. In the face of constant exposure to modernization and foreign influences, the native people
still faithfully cling to their culture and rituals. The pre-Hindu Bali Aga tribe still maintains their
own traditions of architecture, pagan religion, dance and music, such as unique rituals of dances
and gladiator-like battles between youths. On the island of Siberut native tribes have retained
their Neolithic hunter-gathering culture.
6. Whether you are a serious spender or half hearted shopper, there is sure to be something for
everybody in Jakarta. Catering to diverse tastes and pockets, the wide variety of things you can
buy inJakarta is mind boggling from the best of local handicrafts to haute couture labels. Modern
super and hyper markets, multi-level shopping centers, retail and specialty shops, sell quality
goods at a competitive price. Sidewalk bargains range from tropical blooms of vivid colors and
scents in attractive bouquets to luscious fruits of the seasons.
7. The land’s long and rich history can’t be separated from the influence of Hinduism,
Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. There is one of the oldest Hindu temples in Java, the majestic
Buddhist ‘monastery on the hill’, Borobudur, the largest Buddhist monument in the world. About
17 km away from this monastery is a 9th century temple complex built by the Sanjaya dynasty.
Prambanan complex is dedicated to the Hindu trinity: Ciwa, Vishnu and Brahma. The spread of
Islam also left interesting monuments such as the 15th century Minaret Mosque in Kudus.
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Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1 – 6 частями предложений A – G. Одна
из частей в списке А – G лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.
Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the
universe. They were wrong.
The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The
telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin
Hubble, 1 _______________________.
He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their
classifications.
In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the
size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it
is, 2 _______________________.
Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles
above our planet, 3 _______________________.
It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the
air, 4 _______________________.
And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon.
Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28 100-watt light bulbs.
Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital
images 5 _______________________.
Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just
focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos
show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.
Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could
“fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet
light 6 _______________________.
Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the
number of planets in it.
A. which is above Earth’s atmosphere.
B. which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.
C. which is invisible to the human eye.
D. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.
E. so it has a clear view of space.
F. because many stars are in clouds of gas.
G. but where it is.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1 – 6 частями предложений A – G. Одна из
частей в списке А – G лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.
The science of sound, or acoustics, as it is often called, has been made over radically within a
comparatively short space of time. Not so long ago the lectures on sound in colleges and high
schools dealt chiefly with the vibrations of such things as the air columns in organ pipes.
Nowadays, however, thanks chiefly to a number of electronic instruments engineers can study
sounds as effectively 1_______________________. The result has been a new approach to
research in sound. Scientists have been able to make far-reaching discoveries in many fields of
acoustics 2_______________________.
Foremost among the instruments that have revolutionized the study of acoustics are electronic
sound-level meters also known as sound meters and sound-intensity meters. These are effective
devices that first convert sound waves into weak electric signals, then amplify the signals
through electronic means3 _______________________. The intensity of a sound is measured in
units called decibels. “Zero” sound is the faintest sound 4 _______________________. The
decibel measures the ratio of the intensity of a given sound to the standard “zero” sound. The
decibel scale ranges from 0 to 130. An intensity of 130 decibels is perceived not only as a sound,
but also 5 _______________________. The normal range of painlessly audible sounds for the
average human ear is about 120 decibels. For forms of life other than ourselves, the range can be
quite different.
The ordinary sound meter measures the intensity of a given sound, rather than its actual
loudness. Under most conditions, however, it is a quite good indicator of loudness. Probably the
loudest known noise ever heard by human ears was that of the explosive eruption in August,
1883, of the volcano of Krakatoa in the East Indies. No electronic sound meters, of course, were
in existence then, but physicists estimate that the sound at its source must have had an intensity
of 190 decibels, 6_______________________.
A. and finally measure them.
B. since it was heard 3,000 miles away.
C. and they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.
D. since a loud sound is of high intensity.
E. as they study mechanical forces.
F. as a painful sensation in the ear.
G. that the unaided human ear can detect.
1
2
3
4
5
6
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из частей в списке А – G – лишняя. Перенесите ответы в таблицу.
Do you speak English?
When I arrived in England I thought I knew English. After I’d been here an hour I realized
that I did not understand one word. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working
knowledge of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but
thoroughly that I 1 _______________________, let alone perfectly. This is sad. My only
consolation being that nobody speaks English perfectly.
Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses
are 2_______________________. You may learn another five hundred and another five
thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty
thousand 3_______________________.
If you live here long enough you will find out to your greatest amazement that the
adjective nice is not the only adjective the language possesses, in spite of the fact
that 4 _______________________. You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is
nice, Mr. Soandso is nice, Mrs. Soandso’s clothes are nice, you had a nice
time, 5 _______________________.
Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having
a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter
between your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: “isn’t it?” People will not
understand much, but they are accustomed to that and they will get
a 6 _______________________.
A. whatever it costs
B. most excellent impression
C. you have never heard of before, and nobody else either
D. in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives
E. would never know it really well
F. far from being the whole vocabulary of the language
G. and all this will be correct
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Whilst travelling in 2001, I had my first but definitely not last go at snowboarding. Rhona
and I went to the Cardona ski resort, a couple of hours from Queenstown in New Zealand.
We had been staying in Queenstown for a couple of weeks and had tried a couple of the
local ski resorts. They had been so popular, that there was almost no room to stay. The
problem for me with this was that with so many people moving around me, my eyes were
constantly re-focusing. This meant that I couldn’t see a thing! As I had never snowboarded
before, we decided that it was going to be a problem. A guy at one of the local ski rental
shops recommended that we should try Cardona.
On arrival I went straight to the Ski Patrol and explained my situation. They suggested that I
should wear a vest, that they supplied, with the words ‘BLIND SKIER’ on the front and back
on top of my jacket. They told me that this was more for the benefit of the other skiers
around me. I must admit, I wasn’t very keen to do this, but thought I would give it a try.
Once onto the slopes, I put my vest on and began to practise my limited skills. Because I
have done some other board sports, i. e. skateboarding, surfing, etc., it wasn’t too hard to
learn the basics. Once I was comfortable with this, I headed off for the ski lift and the big
slopes. As I stood in the queue I could hear people talking about that ‘poor blind guy’. This
niggled me a bit, but I decided to try to ignore it. At the top of the lift I stepped off and
strapped my feet onto the board.
As we headed off I could hear more people talking about the vest. I was starting to get
paranoid. Then as I gathered speed and Rhona would shout directions, I realized that the
people who saw the vest were getting out of my way. Fantastic! This was better than a
white stick in a crowd. We picked up speed turning left, then right, hitting a few bumps, but
mainly going really well. I even managed to control the snowboard. Well, sort of control it.
Before I knew it, we had zipped down a long straight slope and had come to the end of the
run. The adrenaline was buzzing and I was ‘high as a kite’. What a feeling. I got back on the
ski lift and headed back up. This time I was going to do the run solo!
I had memorized the slope from my first run and felt very confident. As I came off the lift, I
rushed to get started. Again, I could hear people talking about me, but now it didn’t matter.
The vest was a definite benefit for the novice snowboarder! I took the first stage at a steady
pace, looking for my first left bend. No problems there. I found that easy enough. I was now
looking for my fast approaching right bend. I missed this one completely and ended up in
the safety netting at the edge of the run.
At this point, I decided I was not the world’s best snowboarder and would have to take
things a little slower. As the day progressed, so did my skills. I had a great time. Even
taking ‘air’ on quite a few occasions. However this was not deliberate! I was now very wary
about that bend I had missed, so I started to take it a bit earlier. Unfortunately, this meant
that I would leap about 2 metres into the air. And what was more surprising than being
airborne, was the fact that on half a dozen occasions, (out of about 30), I landed on my feet
and carried on downhill. The rest of the time I fell on my bottom. I heard some people
comment on how brave ‘that blind guy’ was. Little did they know it was lack of skill rather
than bravery.
We boarded at Cardona for two days and had a fantastic time. Because it is a bit of a drive
away from most of the tourist places, it is not as busy as the other ski resorts. It is mostly
visited by the locals and I think that says something. If you get the chance, I would definitely
recommend Cardona. I would also like to thank the Ski Patrol for that great suggestion.
Without the vest, I am sure there could have been some crashes, caused by me. But with
the vest , everyone just got out of the way. However, I think that if I was to get a vest for
myself, it would probably read “BLIND &DAFT”.
1. The narrator and his companion decided to choose the Cardona ski resort
because
A) it was a short distance from Queenstown.
B) they couldn’t find a room at other resorts.
C) somebody said that it was worth going to.
D) it was popular with snowboarders.
2. The Ski Patrol suggested that the narrator should wear a vest in order to
A) make it easier for them to locate the narrator in case of an accident.
B) make the narrator feel more confident during his first go at snowboarding.
C) keep an eye on him on the slope.
D) prevent other people from colliding with him on the slopes.
3. When the narrator was standing in the queue he
A) felt annoyed by people’s comments.
B) felt comfortable in his vest.
C) tried to focus his eyes on the track.
D) tried to ignore his fear.
4. “This” in “This was better than a white stick in the crowd” refers to
A) the fact that people were getting out of the narrator’s way.
B) the narrator’s moving at a high speed down the slope.
C) the fact that Rhona was giving the narrator directions.
D) the narrator’s hearing more people talking about the vest.
5. The narrator did the second run solo and he
A) tried to memorize all the bends.
B) failed to go round one of the bends.
C) tried not to listen to Rhona’s directions.
D) fell down and was injured.
6. The narrator believes that his successful leaps into the air and landing on his
feet were due to
A) his personal courage.
B) people’s encouragement.
C) his intensive practising.
D) pure chance.
7. The narrator recommends the Cardona ski resort because
A) of the Ski Patrol efficient service
B) skiers are supplied with vests there.
C) it is less crowded than other places.
D) there are few crashes on the slopes.
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The introduction to a new biography of Gannibal by the author
Alexander Pushkin was not only Russia’s greatest poet, but he was also the great-grandson
of an African slave. The slave, whose godfather was Peter the Great, claimed to have royal
blood of his own. Certainly his Russian descendants believed that he was an African prince.
His descendants have included members as well as close friends of the English royal
family. So the legend goes on.
Pushkin told the story of his black ancestor in “The Negro of Peter the Great”, but this
biography tells a different version. The main difference is between fact and fiction. The
Russian poet hoped to discover a biographical truth by sticking to the facts, only to discover
that facts are slippery and not always true. His biography turned into a novel. Even then, it
was left unfinished after six and a half chapters. The scrawled manuscript comes to an end
with a line of dialogue – ‘Sit down, you scoundrel, let’s talk!’ — and a line of dots. Pushkin
could be speaking to himself. In any case, it’s now time to stand up and carry on with the
story. I have tried to join up the dots.
This is a book, then, about a missing link between the storyteller and his subject, an African
prince; between the various branches of a family and its roots; between Pushkin and Africa;
Africa and Europe; Europe and Russia; black and white. It is the story of a remarkable life
and it poses the question: how is such a life to be explained?
My own explanation began in 2001, while I was living in Russia and working there as a
journalist. The first draft was written during the war in Afghanistan, on the road to Kabul, but
it describes my journey to the frontline of a different kind of war in Africa between the
armies of Ethiopia and Eritrea. According to legend, Pushkin’s ancestor was born there, on
the northern bank of the River Mareb, where I was arrested for taking photographs and
compass readings, on suspicion of being a spy. Understandably my captors didn’t believe
that I was only a journalist researching the life of Russia’s greatest writer. At the military
camp, where I was held for a number of hours, the commandant looked me up and down
when I asked, in my best posh English accent, ‘I say, my good man, can you tell me,
basically, what is going on here?’ ‘Basically,’ he replied, with distaste, ‘you are in prison!’
The incident taught me something. Journalists, like biographers, are meant to respect facts,
and by retracing Gannibal’s footsteps, I hoped to find a true story.
Some of those journeys lie behind the book, and are used whenever it is helpful to show
that the past often retains a physical presence for the biographer – in landscapes, buildings,
portraits, and above all in the trace of handwriting on original letters or journals. But my own
journeys are not the point of the book. It is Gannibal’s story. I am only following him.
Descriptions of Africa and the slave trade result from my journeys, but this is not a book
about a ‘stolen legacy’, nor certainly about the intellectual wars that have been part of black
history in recent years. Biographers, like novelists, should tell stories. I have tried to do this.
I should, however, point out from the outset that Gannibal was not the only black face to be
seen in the centre of fashionable St Petersburg at that time. Negro slaves were a common
sight in the grand salons of Millionaires’ Street and they appeared in a variety of roles, such
as pets, pages, footmen, mascots, mistresses, favourites and adopted children. At the
Winter Palace, so-called court Arabs, usually Ethiopians dressed in turbans and baggy
trousers stood guard like stage extras in the marble wings.
1. The slave’s Russian descendants believe that the slave
A) had Russian royal blood in him.
B) was Peter the Great’s godfather.
C) belonged to the royal family in his native land.
D) was a close friend of the English royal family.
2. According to the narrator, the biography of Pushkin’s ancestor turned into a
novel because Pushkin
A) didn’t like the true biographical facts he had discovered.
B) found it impossible to stick to the facts that were doubtful.
C) could not do without describing fictional events.
D) found the true facts of the slave’s biography uninspiring.
3. The narrator’s objective in writing the book was to
A) write a new version of the novel “The Negro of Peter the Great”.
B) continue the story from where it was left unfinished.
C) interpret’s attitude to his ancestor.
D) prove that Pushkin’s ancestor was an African prince.
4. The narrator says that his research for the book
A) brought him to Russia to work as a journalist.
B) made him go to the war in Afghanistan.
C) led him to take part in the war in Africa.
D) brought him to a river bank in Africa.
5. The lesson that the narrator learnt from his arrest was
A) not to use a camera and compass at the frontline.
B) to avoid speaking to people in his best posh English accent.
C) not to distort information about real events.
D) never to tell people about his research.
6. The narrator thinks that his journeys
A) helped him find some visible traces of the past.
B) made him to feel sympathy to a “stolen legacy”.
C) deepened his understanding of the concept of intellectual wars.
D) turned out to be the main contents of his book.
7. The narrator points out that at the time of Gannibal
A) negro slaves played a variety of roles in the theatre.
B) black slaves were like stage extras in royal processions.
C) many Africans made a brilliant career at the court.
D) Africans were not a novelty in the capital of Russia.
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A GOOD NIGHT’S SLEEP – AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM?
Tonight, do yourself a favor. Shut off the TV, log off the Internet and unplug the phone.
Relax, take a bath, maybe sip some herbal tea. Then move into the bedroom. Set your
alarm clock for a time no less than eight hours in the future, fluff up your pillows and lay
your head down for a peaceful night of restorative shut-eye. That’s what American doctors
advise.
American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America’s sleep deficit. They say
Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for
lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days – and, increasingly, nights – and they
are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-the-clock
entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans are sleeping as much as an hour and
a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century – and the problem is likely to get
worse.
The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep
researchers point to ills ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment
conducted at the University ofChicago in 1988, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a
half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may
cost them their lives indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a
sleepy driver weaves into someone’s lane.
What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary.
“People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange,” says one of
them. “It’s been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little
sleep. It’s a macho attitude.” Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say
people have learned to modify their behavior in terms of lowering their cholesterol and
increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that allowing enough
time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness
behind the wheel and on the job.
Well, naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what
about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while
their bodies’ light-activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get
to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the
9-to-5 day because of noises or family obligations or that’s the only time they can go to the
dentist. There are not too many dentists open at midnight.
As one might imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of sleeplessness.
One of the companies makes specially designed shift-work lighting systems intended to
keep workers alert around the clock. Shift-work’s theory is that bright light, delivered in a
controlled fashion, can help adjust people’s biological clocks. The company president says
they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been
the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that in the
future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-hour credit-card
processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder’s
goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of
course, there is always what doctors refer to as “therapeutic caffeine use,” but everyone is
already familiar with that.
So, is a good night’s sleep an impossible dream for Americans? Maybe so.
1. The advice of American doctors is all about
A) ways to reduce negative effect of modern technologies.
B) complex measures that ensure healthy sleep.
C) positive effect of herbal therapy.
D) the process of restoring from unexpected psychological stress.
2. Americans are referred to as a “somnambulant nation” because they
A) need special help to fall asleep.
B) are sleepwalkers.
C) regularly wake up at night.
D) don’t get enough sleep to function effectively.
3. Experiments with sleep deprivation proved that
A) it inevitably leads to death.
B) its repercussions have finally become predictable.
C) it is likely to result in cardio or nervous problems.
D) animal and human reaction are almost alike.
4. There is a tendency to sleep less because
A) people want to look tough at any cost.
B) people think they can reduce sleeping hours without any harm .
C) people have learned to cope with less sleep just as they have learned to lower
cholesterol.
D) otherwise they lose career and social opportunities.
5. Having naps during the day would be nice, but
A) doctors do not find them effective.
B) people won’t take them voluntarily.
C) bosses are against this.
D) it is difficult to arrange.
6. People who work at night can hardly
A) fulfill traditional family obligations.
B) consult doctors when needed.
C) socialize to their liking.
D) ever sleep without ear-plugs.
7. The main aim of specially designed shift-work lighting system is
A) to help people feel alert at night.
B) to provide better lightning.
C) to prevent heart diseases.
D) to stimulate human growth hormones.
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ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок
лишний.
A. Supercomputer
E. Intelligent machines in our life
B. Human intelligence test
F. Computer intelligence test
C. Man against computer
G. Computers change human brains
D. Robotic industry
H. Electronic film stars
1. Artificial intelligence is the art of making machines that are able to 'think'. We often don't notice
it, but artificial intelligence is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control
in our cars and the servers that direct our e-mail. Some scientists believe that the most powerful
computers could have the power of the human brain. Machines have always been excellent at
tasks like calculation. But now they are better than humans in many spheres, from chess to mixing
music.
2. The world's most powerful computer is ASCI Purple, made by IBM in 2004. It can carry out 100
trillion operations per second and has the size of two basketball courts. A computer with double
power is expected in the next two years. A spokesman for IBM said that ASCI Purple is near the
power of the human brain. But some scientists believe our brains can carry out almost 10,000
trillion operations per second.
3. The possible dangers of intelligent machines became the stories of many science fiction films. In
The Terminator (1984), a computer network uses nuclear weapons against the human race in
order to rule the world. This network then makes intelligent robots called 'Terminators' which it
programs to kill all the humans. In The Matrix (1999) and The Matrix Reloaded (2003), a
machine dominates humanity, using people as batteries to power itself.
4. In 1997, then the world chess champion Garry Kasparov played against IBM’s Deep Blue
supercomputer – and lost. After six games, the world-famous Kasparov lost 2.5 to 3.5 to the
computer. In February 2003, Kasparov restored human reputation by finishing equal against the
Israeli-built supercomputer Deep Junior. Kasparov ended the game with the score 2-2 against US
company X3D Technologies' supercomputer X3D Fritz in November 2003, proving that the
human brain can keep up with the latest developments in computing (at least in chess).
5. There are a number of different methods which try to measure intelligence, the most famous of
which is perhaps the IQ, or 'Intelligence Quotient' test. This test was first used in early 20th
centuryParis. The modern day IQ test measures a variety of different types of ability such as
memory for words and figures and others. Whether IQ tests actually test general intelligence is
disputable. Some argue that they just show how good the individual is at IQ tests!
6. Analysis shows that human intelligence is changing. We are gaining abilities in some areas of
intelligence, while losing them in others, such as memory. So this generation may not remember
the great number of poems, their abilities are greater in other areas. It has been discovered that
wide use of video games improves reaction time. But we could only dream of computing without
calculators as fast as our grandparents did.
7. In 1950, mathematician Alan Turing invented a test to check machine intelligence. In the Turing
Test, two people (A and B) sit in a closed room, a third person (C), who asks questions, sits
outside. Person A tries to answer the questions so that person C doesn’t guess who they are: men
or women, while person B tries to help him (C) in their identification. Turing suggested a machine
take the place of person A. If the machine fooled the human, it was likely to be intelligent.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок
лишний.
A. Chocolate mania
E.
Friend or enemy
B. History of chocolate
F.
Safe sweetness
C. Love of sweet from your father
G. Help to dentists
D. Balanced diet
H. Problems with weight
1. Chocolate is made from the seeds of the tree Theobroma cacao. The ancient Aztecs used the
beans of the cacao tree as a form of money. The Aztecs discovered that by crushing the beans into
a paste and adding spices, they could make a refreshing and nourishing drink. This drink was very
bitter, not like our chocolate drinks today. 16th century European explorers brought the drink
back from their travels, added sugar, and soon it was popular as an expensive luxury.
2. You can receive a 'sweet tooth' from your parents. Recent study at New York University suggests
there is a genetic reason why some people prefer sugary foods. The study was based on two
groups of mice. The parents of the first group were given sweetened water and the parents of the
second – unsweetened water. The team found the gene that was different in the two groups of
mice and then looked for similar genetic chains in humans.
3. All modern chocolate products have large amounts of sugar, a fact which may partly explain why
it becomes a sort of drug for some people. An ability to recognize sweet things, and a tendency to
like them was very useful for our forefathers. Such a genetic quality made prehistoric humans
look for energy-rich, healthy and tasty food such as fruit, and helped them avoid bitter-tasting
poisonous plants.
4. Like other sweet food, chocolate helps endorphins, natural hormones, that give us the feelings of
pleasure and well-being, to appear in our body. Chocolate also makes us feel good by reacting
with our brains. Scientists say that some people may develop chocoholism - a dependency on
chocolate. So it's just possible that, with every bar of chocolate, your brain changes step by step in
order to make you love chocolate more and more!
5. Back in the 17th and 18th centuries, many scientific works were written explaining the
advantages of chocolate for medicine, and today it's a regular food in army rations. Chocolate
could help prevent tooth decay, according to scientists at Japan's Osaka University. The cocoa
beans from which chocolate is made have an antibacterial agent that fights tooth decay. These
parts of the beans are not usually used in chocolate production, but in future they could be added
back in to chocolate to make it friendly for teeth.
6. Californian scientist Professor Carl Keen and his team have suggested that chocolate might help
fight heart disease. They say that it contains chemicals called flavinoids, which thin the blood.
Researchers at Harvard University have carried out experiments that suggest that if you eat
chocolate three times a month you will live almost a year longer than those who don’t do it. But
it's not all good news - chocolate has much fat, which means that eating too much of it may lead
to obesity.
7. Being very fat, or obese, is linked to many health problems including heart disease and diabetes.
The causes of obesity are not yet fully understood. Both genes and the environment play a role.
The recent growth of the number of fat people seems to be linked to environmental factors: people
are much less active nowadays, fatty and sugary foods like chocolate are cheap, people eat larger
portions of food, and the calories per person have increased.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема
лишняя.
A.
Types of mass media
E.
Air in danger
B.
World in danger
F.
World language
C.
Danger of smoking
G.
Wonderful trip
D.
H.
English in schools
Types of travelling
1. English is very popular nowadays. It’s the language of computers, science, business,
sport and politics. English is an amazing language, the language of great literature. Half
of the world’s scientific literature is published in English. Nearly half of the world’s
business deals in Europe are conducted in English. It’s the language of sports and
glamour, being the official language of the Olympic Games and the Miss Universe
Competition. English is the official voice of the air and the sea.
2. Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see
other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns. Some travel
to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene. It’s always interesting to try
different food, to listen to different musical rhythms. Those who live in the country like to
travel to a big city while city-dwellers usually prefer spending a quiet holiday by the sea or
in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe.
3. Global warming is the term used to describe the relatively dramatic rise in the world’s
average temperature during the 20th century. According to some environmentalists,
global warming is a result of the industrial revolution and that if it continues, it will destroy
civilization as we know it. Global warming is a problem, and people must take any steps
they can in order to prevent it.
4. Speaking English gives people many privileges in society, enabling them to communicate
successfully with those who don’t know your mother-tongue. In order to possess these
privileges school teachers and methodologists propose to introduce six hours of learning
English a week for all Russian schools and introduce this subject from the first year in
primary schools. Learning English should become more intensive to make Russian
citizens more communicative.
5. Air pollution is a very serious problem in the world. In Cairo just breathing the air is life
threatening – it equals smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. The same holds true
for Mexico City and 600 cities of the former Soviet Union. Industrial enterprises emit tons
of harmful substances. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet.
6. The press, radio, television and Internet are various types of mass media that keep
people informed on the topical issues of the day. The mass media do much to excite an
interest in every aspect of life and play an important role in reflecting the life of society.
The mass media draw the public attention to the most serious political, economic, social
and ecological problems.
7. Last year my brother and I went to Turkey. This trip left the best impression on me. We
took advantage of the excellent weather and went on different tours, for example, rafting.
We took ourselves by a raft and a kayak through the picturesque mountainous region
of Southern Turkey. Besides, we found new places, saw impressive sights and got
acquainted with new people.
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обозначенными буквами A – G. Одна из частей в списке А – G лишняя. Занесите
букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
HEALTHY SCHOOL MEALS
Children at Southdown Infants School in Bath enjoy tasty homemade meals such as roast
turkey with fresh vegetables, chicken, salad and fresh fruit for pudding. Vegetables
are1 _______________________. Instead of crisps, chocolate and sweets, the school
canteen serves organic carrots, dried fruit and fresh seasonal fruit in bags for
10p, 2 _______________________.
Southdown's healthy eating initiative began four years ago with the start of a breakfast club.
Now Ms Culley, the head teacher of the school, says that the teachers very clearly see the
link between diet and concentration. “Children's concentration and
behaviour 3 _______________________.” The teachers would also like to give the children
the experience of eating together. It turned out that some children weren't used to that.
Pupils are also encouraged to find out more about where their food comes from
by4 _______________________.
Parents are also involved and are invited in to try school dinners on special
occasions,5 _______________________.
The efforts of staff, pupils and parents to create a healthy eating environment were
recognized earlier this month 6 _______________________ the Best School Dinner award.
Ms Culley said: “We are happy to win this award. Healthy eating is at the centre of
everything we do. It's really rewarding to see so many children enjoy real food.”
A. such as Easter and Christmas
B. visiting a local farm
C. local, fresh and organic where possible
D. provide good quality food
E. definitely improve after a good meal
F. and about 100 bags are sold each day
G. when the school was awarded
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буквами A – G. Одна из частей в списке А – G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Walking is not enough to keep fit
Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research suggests. A
team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise programme with a
more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity. Researchers found
improvements1 _______________________ were significantly higher in the second group. They
told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise
was 2 _______________________. In total 128 people took 3 _______________________. The
researchers assessed influence on fitness by measuring blood pressure and lung capacity. They
found out the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated – and was an excellent way
to start 4 _______________________. But to increase the effectiveness, some intensity must be
added to their exercise. “Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps, take 200 to
400 of them at a faster pace. You've got to do more than light exercise and include regular moderate
activity, and don't be shy to have an occasional period of time at an energetic level.” The
researchers were concerned there was too much focus5 _______________________, rather than on
its intensity.
Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough, said it
was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low. “However,
you have got to find 6 _______________________. The harder you make it, the fewer people will
actually do it.” Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that energetic exercise was the way to get
fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such as obesity.
A. part in the project
B. taking exercise
C. gave marked health benefits
D. in fitness levels
E. on simply getting people to take exercise
F. not enough to get fit
G. a compromise between physiology and psychology
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буквами A – G. Одна из частей в списке А – G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Double-decker Bus
A double-decker bus is a bus that has two levels. While double-decker long-distance buses are in
widespread use around the world, 1 _______________________. Double-decker buses are popular
in some European cities and in some parts of Asia, usually in former British colonies. Many towns
around the world have a few that specialize in short sight-seeing tours for tourists because, as
William Gladstone observed, "the way to see London is from the top of a 'bus'".
Double-decker buses are taller than other buses. They are extensively used in the United
Kingdom,2 _______________________, removed from normal service in December 2005 - they
still operate on heritage routes. Elsewhere in Europe, double-deckers are used throughout the
Dublin Bus network in Ireland, where they are making a comeback on Dublin's outer suburban
routes and also the streets of Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford. They are a common sight in
Berlin, where the BVG makes extensive use of them. Double-decker long-distance coaches are also
in widespread use throughout Europe.
Most buses in Hong Kong and about half in Singapore are double-deckers as well. The only areas
in North America that 3 _______________________ are the western Canadian province of British
Columbia and the United States city of Las Vegas. They are currently being tested in Ottawa on the
express routes. The city of Davis, California, in the United States uses vintage double-decker buses
for public transport. Davis, California is also home to the first vintage double-decker bus converted
from diesel gasoline to run on CNG. The city of Victoria, BC, the city of Vancouver, British
Columbia, and a couple of others use Dennis Tridents. A few are also used as tour buses, especially
in New York. Double-deckers are have also been used in Mumbai since 1937.
In Brazil, 4 _______________________, some companies use double-decker buses. Doubledeckers are not a good option for use outside the towns (most roads in Brazil are in very poor
condition), and5 _______________________.
Double-decker buses are in widespread use in India in many of the major cities. Some doubledecker buses 6 _______________________, with no roof and shallow sides. These are popular for
sightseeing tours.
A. double-deckers are adored by thousands of tourists
B. use double-decker buses for public transport
C. double-decker city buses are less common
D. where perhaps the most famous was the London Routemaster
E. their use is being discouraged by transportation authorities
F. have an open upper deck
G. where buses are sometimes the only interstate transport
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соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.
ABBY’S TIDY DRAWER
One Saturday morning, Abby’s Mum came upstairs to see Abby in her bedroom. There was
a big mess on the floor and Abby sat in the middle of it all reading a book.
“What a mess,” Mum said. “You need to have a clear up in here. Because things get broken
or lost when they’re all willy-nilly like this. Come on, have a tidy up now.”
“But I’m very busy,” Abby argued, “and it’s boring doing it on my own. Can’t you help me?”
“No I can’t, I’m busy too. But I’ll give you extra pocket money if you do a good job.”
When Mum came back later all the toys and clothes and books had disappeared.
“I’m impressed,” said Mum. “But I’ll inspect it properly later.”
“It was easy,” said Abby. “Can I have my extra pocket money now?”
“All right. Get it out of my change purse. It’s in the kitchen tidy drawer.”
In the kitchen, Abby went over to the dresser and pulled open the tidy drawer. She hunted
for the purse.
“It must be somewhere at the bottom,” Mum said. “Let’s have a proper look.”
She pulled the drawer out and carried it over to the table. Abby looked inside. There were
lots of boring things like staplers and string, but there were lots of interesting things as well.
“What’s this?” Abby asked, holding up a plastic bottle full of red liquid.
“Fake blood, from a Halloween party years ago. Your Dad and I took you to that, dressed
up as a baby vampire. You were really scary.”
Abby carried on looking through the drawer. She found some vampire teeth, white face
paint, plastic witch nails and hair gel. Mum pulled out a glittery hair band. It had springs with
wobbly balls on the top that flashed disco colours! Abby found some sparkly hair elastics to
match the hair band. She made her Mum put lots of little bunches all over her head so she
looked really silly.
“I remember this,” Abby said as she pulled out a plastic bag. “This is from my pirate party.”
Inside there was a black, false moustache and some big gold earrings.
“Come here,” Mum said and smeared white face paint all over Abby’s face. She dribbled the
fake blood so it looked as if it was coming out of Abby’s eyes and mouth. She put gel all
over Abby’s hair and made it stand up into weird, pointy shapes. Abby put in the vampire
teeth and slipped on the witch fingers. She made scary noises at Wow-Wow, the cat. He
ignored her and carried on washing himself on the seat next to her.
Abby came to sit on her Mum’s knee.
“It’s fun doing this together,” she said.
“Maybe. But we still haven’t found the change purse.”
“Well, you know things will get lost, or broken, when they’re all willy-nilly.”
“You cheeky monkey!” Mum laughed. “But what shall I do with it all?”
“I know, it’s easy,” Abby said and began to remove everything off the table into her arms.
She put it all back in the kitchen drawer.
Mum looked at her suspiciously.
“Let’s go and inspect your bedroom, shall we?”
Abby followed her upstairs and into her bedroom. Wow-Wow was sitting in front of her fish
tank looking hungrily at the goldfish. He dashed under the bed when he saw Mum and
Abby. Mum kneeled down and lifted the bed cover to get him out. Underneath were heaps
of Abby’s toys, books, tapes, clothes and shoes, empty plastic cups, wrappers and a halfeaten sandwich on a plate.
“Abby! What’s all this?”
“It’s my tidy drawer,” Abby said. She wrapped her arms around her Mum and gave her a
kiss. “Let’s sort this one out together now.”
1. When Mum came to Abby’s room she saw
A) her daughter reading at her table.
B) the cat looking at the fish.
C) a terrible mess all over the place.
D) Abby dressed up as a vampire.
2. Abby agreed to tidy up her room because Mother
A) promised to take her to the Halloween party.
B) offered to give her extra pocket money.
C) promised to help her.
D) said that she would punish her.
3. Where did Abby find many interesting things?
A) In her Mother’s change purse.
B) Under her bed.
C) On the kitchen table.
D) In the tidy drawer in the kitchen.
4. Abby’s parents used most of the interesting things
A) when they dressed themselves up for Halloween parties.
B) as presents for Halloween parties.
C) to dress her up for different parties.
D) when they wanted to play tricks on Abby.
5. Abby put on the vampire teeth, witch nails and other things from the tidy drawer
because
A) she wanted to scare the cat.
B) she was going to a Halloween party that evening.
C) she enjoyed dressing up with her Mother.
D) she had to dress up for a pirate party.
6. Abby’s Mother decided to inspect Abby’s bedroom
A) after she had seen Abby tidy up the kitchen table.
B) because she had promised she would do that.
C) before Father came home from work.
D) when they heard some strange noise from it.
7. When Abby’s Mother looked under her daughter’s bed she saw
A) the cat eating a sandwich.
B) the tidy drawer from the kitchen.
C) her change purse.
D) all the Abby’s things.
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соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.
Mr. Sticky
No one knew how Mr. Sticky got in the fish tank.
"He's very small," Mum said as she peered at the tiny water snail. "Just a black dot."
In the morning Abby jumped out of bed and switched on the light in her fish tank.
Gerry, the fat orange goldfish, was dozing inside the stone archway. It took Abby a while to
discover Mr. Sticky because he was clinging to the glass near the bottom, right next to the
gravel.
At school that day she wrote about the mysterious Mr. Sticky who was so small you could
mistake him for a piece of gravel. Some of the girls in her class said he seemed an ideal pet
for her and kept giggling about it.
"I think he's grown a bit," Abby told her Mum at breakfast the next day.
"Just as well if he's going to be eaten up like that," her Mum said, trying to put on her coat
and eat toast at the same time. "But I don't want him to get too huge or he won't be cute
anymore. Small things are cute aren't they?"
"Yes they are. Now hurry up, I'm going to miss my train."
At the weekend they cleaned out the tank. "There's a lot of filth on the sides," Mum said.
"I'm not sure Mr. Sticky's quite up to the job yet."
They took the fish out and put them in a bowl while they emptied some of the water. Mr.
Sticky stayed out of the way, clinging to the glass while Mum used the special 'vacuum
cleaner' to clean the gravel. Abby cleaned the archway and the filter tube. Mum poured new
water into the tank.
"Where's Mr. Sticky?" Abby asked.
"On the side," Mum said. She was busy concentrating on the water.
Abby looked on all sides of the tank. There was no sign of the water snail.
"He's probably in the gravel then," her mum said. She put the fish back in the clean water
where they swam round and round, looking baffled.
That evening Abby went up to her bedroom to examine the tank. The water had settled and
looked lovely and clear but there was no sign of Mr. Sticky. She went downstairs.
Her mum was in the study surrounded by papers. She looked impatient when she saw Abby
in the doorway and even more impatient when she heard the bad news.
"He'll turn up." was all she said. "Now off to bed Abby. I've got masses of work to catch up
on."
Abby felt her face go hot and red. It always happened when she was furious or offended.
"You've poured him out, haven't you," she said. "You were in such a rush."
"I have not. I was very cautious. But he is extremely small."
"What's wrong with being small?"
"Nothing at all. But it makes things hard to find."
"Or notice," Abby said and ran from the room.
The door to the bedroom opened and Mum's face appeared. Abby tried to ignore her but it
was hard when she walked over to the bed and sat next to her. She was holding her
glasses in her hand. "These are my new pair," she said. "Extra powerful, for snail hunting."
She smiled at Abby. Abby tried not to smile back.
"And I've got a magnifying glass," Abby suddenly remembered and rushed off to find it.
They sat beside each other on the floor with the tank between them and peered into the
water.
"Ah ha!" Mum suddenly cried.
There, perfectly hidden against the dark stone, sat Mr. Sticky. And right next to him was
another water snail, even smaller than him.
"Mrs. Sticky!" Abby breathed.
They both laughed. Then Abby put her head on her mum's chest and smiled.
1. Mr. Sticky was
A) a goldfish.
B) a piece of gravel.
C) a snail.
D) a turtle.
2. Abby didn’t want Mr. Sticky to grow too big because
A) there wouldn’t be enough space in the fish tank.
B) he would eat too much.
C) he would leave a lot of dirt on the walls of the fish tank.
D) she found small things to be very pretty.
3. When helping her mother to clean out the tank Abby
A) polished the walls of the tank.
B) used a vacuum cleaner.
C) poured fresh water into the tank.
D) cleaned the filter tube of the fish tank.
4. Abby came to her mother’s study
A) to tell her that Mr. Sticky hadn’t turned up.
B) when she had found Mr. and Mrs. Sticky.
C) because she didn’t want to go to bed.
D) to say goodnight.
5. Abby was angry with her Mum because
A) mother ignored her.
B) mother didn’t like Mr. Sticky.
C) she thought that her mother had poured out Mr. Sticky.
D) mother was very strict.
6. Mother came to Abby’s room to look for Mr. Sticky with
A) her new glasses.
B) a filter tube.
C) a magnifying glass.
D) a vacuum cleaner.
7. Abby felt happy and laughed because
A) mother came to help her look for Mr. Sticky.
B) they found Mr. Sticky in the fish tank.
C) the water in the fish tank was very clear and clean.
D) her mother was trying to make her laugh.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 1 – 7, обводя букву A, B, C или D,
соответствующую номеру выбранного вами варианта ответа.
A Gifted Cook
If there is a gene for cuisine, Gabe, my 11-year-old son, could splice it to perfection. Somewhere
between Greenwich Village, where he was born, and the San Francisco Bay area, where he has
grown up, the little kid with the stubborn disposition and freckles on his nose has forsaken Boy
Scouts and baseball in favor of wielding a kitchen knife.
I suppose he is a member of the Emeril generation. Gabe has spent his formative years shopping at
the Berkeley Bowl, where over half a dozen varieties of Thanksgiving yams, in lesser mortals, can
instill emotional paralysis. He is blessed with a critical eye. “I think Emeril is really cheesy,” he
observed the other night while watching a puff pastry segment. “He makes the stupidest jokes. But
he cooks really well.”
With its manifold indigenous cultures, Oaxaca seemed the perfect place to push boundaries. Like
the mole sauces for which it is justly famous, the region itself is a subtle blend of ingredients –
from dusty Zapotec villages where Spanish is a second language to the zocalo in colonial Oaxaca, a
sophisticated town square brimming with street life and vendors selling twisty, one-story-tall
balloons.
Appealing to Gabe’s inner Iron Chef seemed like an indirect way to introduce him to a place where
the artful approach to life presides. There was also a selfish motive: Gabe is my soul mate, a fellow
food wanderer who is not above embracing insanity to follow his appetite wherever it leads.
Months ahead of time, we enrolled via the Internet in the daylong Wednesday cooking class at
Seasons of My Heart, the chef and cookbook author Susana Trilling’s cooking school in the Elta
Valley, about a 45-minute drive north to town. In her cookbook and PBS series of the same name,
Ms. Trilling, an American whose maternal grandparents were Mexican, calls Oaxaca “the land of
no waste” where cooking techniques in some ancient villages have endured for a thousand years.
I suspected that the very notion of what constitutes food in Oaxaca would test Gabe’s mettle. At the
suggestion of Jacob, his older brother, we spent our second night in Mexico at a Oaxaca Guerrero
baseball game, where instead of peanuts and Cracker Jack, vendors hawked huge trays piled high
with chapulines, fried grasshoppers cooked in chili and lime, a local delicacy. Gabe was bug-eyed
as he watched the man next to him snack on exoskeletal munchies in a paper bowl. “It’s probably
less gross than a hot dog,” he admitted. “But on the rim of the bowl I saw a bunch of legs and
served body parts. That’s revolting!”
Our cooking day began at the Wednesday market in Etla, shopping for ingredients and sampling as
we went. On the way in the van, Gabe had made friends with Cindy and Fred Beams, fellow
classmates from Boston, sharing opinions about Caesar salad and bemoaning his brother’s
preference for plain pizza instead of Hawaiian. Cindy told Gabe about a delicious sauce she’d just
had on her omelet at her B & B. “It was the best sauce – to die for,” she said. “Then I found out the
provenance. Roasted worms.”
The Oaxacan taste for insects, we’d learn – including the worm salt spied at the supermarket and
the “basket of fried locusts” at a nearby restaurant – was a source of protein dating back to preHispanic times.
When our cooking class was over I saw a flicker of regret in his face, as though he sensed the
world’s infinite variety and possibilities in all the dishes he didn’t learn to cook. “Mom”, he said
plaintively, surveying the sensual offerings of the table. “Can we make everything when we get
home?”
1. Gabe’s mother thinks that he is
A) lazy.
B) determined.
C) selfish.
D) thoughtful.
2. Gabe is supposed to represent the Emeril generation because he
A) is fond of criticizing others.
B) feels happy being alone.
C) is interested in cooking.
D) is good at making jokes.
3. The narrator wanted to take Gabe to Oaxaca because
A) he could speak Spanish.
B) there are a lot of entertainments for children there.
C) he knew a lot about local cultures.
D) he was the best to keep her company.
4. Gabe was struck when he
A) was told that local cooking techniques were a thousand years old.
B) saw the man next to him eat insects.
C) did not find any dish to satisfy his appetite.
D) understood that a hot dog was less gross than a local delicacy.
5. The Oaxacan people eat insects because this kind of food
A) tastes pleasant.
B) is easy to cook.
C) contains an essential nutritional element.
D) helps to cure many diseases.
6. At the end of the class Gabe felt regret because
A) there were a lot of dishes he could not make on his own.
B) the dishes he made were not tasty.
C) he did not want to go back home.
D) he had not managed to master all the dishes he liked.
7. In paragraph 3 “brimming with” means
A) lacking.
B) being filled with.
C) astonishing with.
D) beckoning with.
8216AB
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таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
А. Places to stay in
B. Arts and culture
C. New country image
D. Going out
E. Different landscapes
F. Transport system
G. National languages
H. Eating out
1. Belgium has always had a lot more than the faceless administrative buildings that you can see in
the outskirts of its capital, Brussels. A number of beautiful historic cities and Brussels itself offer
impressive architecture, lively nightlife, first-rate restaurants and numerous other attractions for
visitors. Today, the old-fashioned idea of ‘boring Belgium' has been well and truly forgotten, as
more and more people discover its very individual charms for themselves.
2. Nature in Belgium is varied. The rivers and hills of the Ardennes in the southeast contrast
sharply with the rolling plains which make up much of the northern and western countryside. The
most notable features are the great forest near the frontier with Germany and Luxembourg and the
wide, sandy beaches of the northern coast.
3. It is easy both to enter and to travel around pocket-sized Belgium which is divided into the
Dutch-speaking north and the French-speaking south. Officially the Belgians speak Dutch, French
and German. Dutch is slightly more widely spoken than French, and German is spoken the least.
The Belgians, living in the north, will often prefer to answer visitors in English rather than French,
even if the visitor's French is good.
4. Belgium has a wide range of hotels from 5-star luxury to small family pensions and inns. In
some regions of the country, farm holidays are available. There visitors can (for a small cost)
participate in the daily work of the farm. There are plenty of opportunities to rent furnished villas,
flats, rooms, or bungalows for a holiday period. These holiday houses and flats are comfortable and
well-equipped.
5. The Belgian style of cooking is similar to French, based on meat and seafood. Each region in
Belgium has its own special dish. Butter, cream, beer and wine are generously used in cooking. The
Belgians are keen on their food, and the country is very well supplied with excellent restaurants to
suit all budgets. The perfect evening out here involves a delicious meal, and the restaurants and
cafes are busy at all times of the week.
6. As well as being one of the best cities in the world for eating out (both for its high quality and
range), Brussels has a very active and varied nightlife. It has 10 theatres which produce plays in
both Dutch and French. There are also dozens of cinemas, numerous discos and many night-time
cafes in Brussels. Elsewhere, the nightlife choices depend on the size of the town, but there is no
shortage of fun to be had in any of the major cities.
7. There is a good system of underground trains, trams and buses in all the major towns and cities.
In addition, Belgium's waterways offer a pleasant way to enjoy the country. Visitors can take a onehour cruise around the canals of Bruges, (sometimes described as the Venice of the North) or an
extended cruise along the rivers and canals linking the major cities of Belgium and the Netherlands.
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таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
А. Places to stay in
B. Public transport
C. Cultural differences
D. Nightlife
E. Camping holidays
F. Contacts with neighbours
G. Different landscapes
H. Eating out
1. Sweden is a land of contrast, from the Danish influence of the southwest to the Laplanders
wandering freely with their reindeer in the wild Arctic north. And while Sweden in cities is stylish
and modern, the countryside offers many simpler pleasures for those who look for peace and calm.
The land and its people have an air of reserved calm, and still the world’s best-selling pop group
Abba, which used to attract crowds of hysterical fans, come from Sweden.
2. Historically, Sweden has an interesting story. Its dealings with the outside world began, in fact,
during Viking times, when in addition to the well-known surprise attacks of the nearby lands, there
was much trading around the Baltic, mostly in furs and weapons. Swedish connections with the
other Scandinavian countries, Norway and Denmark, have been strong since the Middle Ages. The
monarchies of all three are still closely linked.
3. Sweden's scenery has a gentler charm than that of neighbouring Norway's rocky coast. Much of
Sweden is forested, and there are thousands lakes, notably large pools near the capital, Stockholm.
The lakeside resort in the centre of Sweden is popular with Scandinavians, but most visitors prefer
first the Baltic islands. The largest island, Gotland, with its ruined medieval churches, is a particular
attraction.
4. Sweden boasts a good range of hotels, covering the full spectrum of prices and standards. Many
of them offer discounts in summer and at weekends during the winter. In addition, working farms
throughout Sweden offer accommodation, either in the main farmhouse or in a cottage nearby.
Forest cabins and chalets are also available throughout the country, generally set in beautiful
surroundings, near lakes, in quiet forest glades or on an island in some remote place.
5. Living in a tent or caravan with your family or friends at weekends and on holiday is extremely
popular in Sweden and there is a fantastic variety of special places. Most are located on a lakeside
or by the sea with free bathing facilities close at hand. There are over 600 campsites in the country.
It is often possible to rent boats or bicycles, play mini-golf or tennis, ride a horse or relax in a sauna.
It is also possible to camp in areas away from other houses.
6. Swedes like plain meals, simply prepared from the freshest ingredients. As a country with a sea
coast and many freshwater lakes, fish dishes are found on all hotel or restaurant menus. Top-class
restaurants in Sweden are usually fairly expensive, but even the smallest towns have reasonably
priced self-service restaurants and grill bars. Many restaurants all over Sweden offer a special dish
of the day at a reduced price that includes main course, salad, soft drink and coffee.
7. Stockholm has a variety of pubs, cafes, clubs, restaurants, cinemas and theatres but in the country
evenings tend to be very calm and peaceful. From August to June the Royal Ballet performs in
Stockholm. Music and theatre productions take place in many cities during the summer in the open
air. Outside Stockholm in the 18th-century palace there are performances of 18th-century opera very
popular with tourists.
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таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
А. Education
B. Way of life
C. Public transport
D. Geography
E. Places to stay in
F. Favourite food
G. Hot spots for kids
H. Nightlife
1. Denmark, a small kingdom in northern Europe, has a lot of interesting places for tourists with
children. For example, Legoland, a theme park, has become the largest tourist attraction in Denmark
outside its capital Copenhagen. And Copenhagen itself is world famous for its Tivoli Gardens
amusement park, which opened in 1843 in the heart of the city. The park offers ballet and circus
performances, restaurants, concerts, and fireworks displays.
2. Denmark is the smallest Scandinavian country, consisting of the Jutland peninsula, north of
Germany, and over 400 islands of various sizes, some inhabited and linked to the mainland by ferry
or bridge. Throughout the country, low hills provide a constant change of attractive views; there are
also cool and shady forests of beech trees, large areas of open land covered with rough grass, a
beautiful lake district, sand dunes and white cliffs on the coast.
3. More than four-fifths of all Danes live in towns. The main cities represent a combination of
medieval buildings, such as castles and cathedrals, and modern office buildings and homes.
Denmark's high standard of living and wide-ranging social services guarantee that the cities have
no poor districts. Most people in the cities live in flats. But in the suburbs many also live in singlefamily houses.
4. Denmark's fine beaches attract many visitors, and there are hotels and pensions in all major
seaside resorts. Besides, excellent inns are to be found all over the country. Some are small and
only serve local travellers, but others are adapted to the tourist and have established reputations for
both international dishes and local specialities. There are also private rooms to let, usually for one
night, and chalets all over Denmark.
5. There is a wide selection of places to go out in the evening, particularly in Copenhagen. Jazz and
dance clubs in the capital city are top quality and world-famous performers appear regularly. There
are numerous cafes, beer gardens and speciality beer bars. Entertainment available includes opera at
the recently opened opera house in Copenhagen, ballet and theatre at a number of places in the
larger cities, and live music of all kinds.
6. Most Danes eat four meals a day - breakfast, lunch, dinner, and a late-evening supper. Breakfast
generally consists of cereal, cheese, or eggs. Dinner, which includes fish or meat, is usually the
only hot meal. A traditional Danish dinner consists of roast duckling stuffed with apples, served
with red cabbage and boiled potatoes. The other Danish meals consist mostly of sandwiches.
7. Almost all adult Danes can read and write. Danish law requires children to attend nine years
of school. Primary school consists of the first seven grades, and secondary school lasts from
three to five years. A five-year secondary school student can enter a university. Denmark has
three universities. The University of Copenhagen is the oldest and largest. It was founded in
1479 and has about 24,000 students.
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DCE10C
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таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
А. Education: the Way to the Top
B. From Agony to Love
C. Teaching to Learn
D. Learning That Never Stops
E. Things Worth Learning
F. The Right Word Can Bring Changes
G. What My Father Taught Me
H. The Power of Numbers
1. Education has the power to transform a person’s life. I am the living example of this. When I was
on the streets, I thought I was not good at anything but I wrote a poem, and it got published. I went
back to school to learn. I have learned the benefit of research and reading, of debate and listening.
One day soon a group of fresh-faced college students will call me professor.
2. Language has the capacity to change the world and the way we live in it. People are often afraid
to call things by their direct names, use taboos not to notice dangerous tendencies. Freedom begins
with naming things. This has to happen in spite of political climates, careers being won or lost, and
the fear of being criticized. After Helen Caldicott used the word ‘nuclear arms race’ an anti-nuclear
movement appeared.
3. I never wanted to be a teacher. Yet years later, I find myself teaching high school English. I
consider my job to be one of the most important aspects of my life, still I do not teach for the love
of teaching. I am a teacher because I love to learn, and I have come to realize that the best way to
learn is to teach.
4. One day my sister and I got one and the same homework. My sister finished the task in 2 minutes
and went off to play. But I could not do it, so I went into my sister's room and quickly copied her
work. But there was one small problem: my father caught me. He didn’t punish me, but explained
that cheating makes people feel helpless. And then I was left feeling guilty for cheating.
5. Lifelong learning does not mean spending all my time reading. It is equally important to get the
habit of asking such questions as “what don’t I know about this topic, or subject?”, “what can I
learn from this moment or person?”, and “what more do I need to learn?” regardless of where I am,
who I am talking to, or what I am doing.
6. Math has always been something that I am good at. Mathematics attracts me because of its
stability. It has logic; it is dependable and never changes. There might be some additions to the area
of mathematics, but once mathematics is created, it is set in stone. We would not be able to check
emails or play videogames without the computer solving complex algorithms.
7. When my high school English teacher asked us to read Shakespeare, I thought it was boring and
too difficult. I agonized over the syntax – I had never read anything like this. But now I am a
Shakespeare professor, and enjoy teaching Hamlet every semester. Each time I re-read the play, I
find and learn something new for myself.
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D6172E
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таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
А. Not Just Fun
B. Running For Heart and Mind
C. United By The Game
D. I Want To Be A Coach
E. Team Work in Sport and Life
F. Next Year We Win
G. Learning From Father
H. School between Practices
1. I believe playing sports is more than an activity to fill your day, it can teach important life
lessons. When I was a child, my dad spent a lot of time teaching me how to play different sports.
He told me that if I can succeed in sports, I can succeed at anything in life. He used to say, “It’s not
about how good you become. It’s about working hard to get where you want to be.”
2. I like bicycles. Group rides help me to get new skills and make new friends. I try to apply the
tactics of group riding to team work in the real world. In the perfect group ride, each rider takes a
turn leading the pack, while the others enjoy the benefits of drafting. I think this way of working is
a great method for approaching a group task anywhere.
3. I believe in the power of running. Running should not be a battle for your body but rather a rest
for your mind. I felt this last fall, when I was running in the park. Suddenly I felt as if I could have
run forever, as if I could use running as a source of therapy for my body. Running allows the body
to release different types of stress and even change our understanding of life.
4. My father coached basketball every day of his life, and I was right there with him in the gym
watching him work his magic. Basketball appears entertaining and exciting. But the path to success
is not simple. My father always told me, “Nothing is free.” I took this advice and ran with it. I truly
believe that only practice and determination lead to success.
5. Baseball is so much more than a sport. One of the powers of baseball is that it brings people
together. It unites fans of all ages, genders, and nationalities. No matter who you are, you can be a
baseball fan. My mom and I have one unspoken rule: no matter what has been going on before, no
fighting at the game.
6. I believe that you must always be loyal to the sport teams you support. The teams I follow in the
United States generally lose many more than they win. The start of each season brings dreams of
victory in baseball, basketball or football, dreams that fade away soon. But then there is always
next year. It will be our year for sure.
7. I was determined to join the swim team. I knew I would get my strengths and learn my
weaknesses there. Waking up early for 6:30 A.M. practices is what swim team is all about, as it
helps us get into state. On a long school day you think about the practice in the pool after school.
You want to hear the crowd cheering you, telling you that you have to do more than your best.
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5E9321
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таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
А. Personal style in a uniform
B. Old but dear
C. Get a holiday spirit
D. Dance competition
E. A hobby that carries away
F. Meaning without words
G. The number is not guilty
H. Yes to school uniform
1. Dance is in my heart, in my blood and in my mind. I dance daily. The seldom-used dining room
of my house is now an often-used ballroom. The CD-changer has five discs at the ready: waltz,
rock-and-roll, swing, salsa, and tango. Tango is a complex and difficult dance. I take three dancing
lessons a week, and I am off to Buenos Aires for three months to feel the culture of tango.
2. Clothes play an important role in my life. My passion for fashion began when I was in
elementary school. I attended a private school with uniformed dress code. At first I felt bad that I
could not wear what I wanted, but soon I learned to display my creativity and style through shoes
and accessories. They can make each of us each of us unique, in a uniform or not.
3. I believe that music has a bigger place in our society than it is given credit for. The single word
‘music’ covers so many styles. Rock bands and classical musicians make listeners get the meaning
from the music. Music tells stories about life and death, expresses feelings of love, sadness, anger,
guilt, and pain without using words.
4. Even as an eighteen year old young adult, I still feel the magic of Christmas. I believe in a real
Christmas tree. My family has had a real Christmas tree every year of my life. When you get home
and smell the sweet pine needles, something magical goes into your soul, raises your spirits. Every
year we buy a real tree to fully embrace the spirit of Christmas.
5. People often try to get rid of the number thirteen. Many hotels and office buildings across the
world do not have a 13th floor! I believe that the number thirteen is not an unlucky number. I was
born on January, 13 and do not consider myself unlucky in any way at all! I believe that this
number should have all the rights and respect we give the rest of the numbers.
6. Many kids that go to public schools don’t wear a uniform. They like to show off the new
expensive clothes and often have trouble picking out outfits for school in the morning. They are
more worried about whether their shirt matches the belt, rather than if the homework is completed.
I believe that this is a fault of our school system and only causes problems.
7. They say that the music of your youth is the soundtrack of your life. I am 50; I enjoy new artists
and new music, but I still find words of wisdom in singles of sixties and seventies, still believe that
"you can't always get what you want, but sometimes, you get what you need," that "all you need is
love." I like to listen to the songs I grew up with.
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Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания 1–7. В каждом задании
обведите букву A, B, C илиD, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
A School Story
It happened at my private school thirty odd years ago, and I still can't explain it. I came to that
school in September and among the boys who arrived on the same day was one whom I took to.
I will call him McLeod. The school was a large one: there must have been from 120 to 130
boys there as a rule, and so a considerable staff of masters was required. One term a new
master made his appearance. His name was Sampson. He was a tall, well-built, pale, blackbearded man. I think we liked him. He had travelled a good deal, and had stories which amused
us on our school walks, so that there was some competition among us to get a chance to listen
to him.
Well, the first odd thing that happened was this. Sampson was doing Latin grammar with us.
One of his favourite methods was to make us construct sentences out of our own heads to
illustrate the rules he was trying to teach us. Now, on this occasion he ordered us each to make
a sentence bringing in the verb memini, 'I remember.' Well, most of us made up some ordinary
sentence such as 'I remember my father,' but the boy I mentioned - McLeod - was evidently
thinking of something more interesting than that. Finally, very quickly he wrote a couple of
lines on his paper, and showed it up with the rest. The phrase was "Remember the lake among
the four oaks." Later McLeod told me that it had just come into his head. When Sampson read
it he got up and went to the mantel-piece and stopped quite a long time without saying anything
looking really embarrassed. Then he wanted to know why McLeod had put it down, and where
his family lived, and if there was such a lake there, and things like that.
There was one other incident of the same kind. We were told to make a conditional sentence,
expressing a future consequence. We did it and showed up our bits of paper, and Sampson
began looking through them. All at once he got up, made some odd sort of noise in his throat,
and rushed out. I noticed that he hadn't taken any of the papers with him, so we went to look at
them on his desk. The top paper on the desk was written in red ink - which no one used - and it
wasn't in anyone's handwriting who was in the class. I questioned everyone myself! Then I
thought of counting the bits of paper: there were seventeen of them on the desk, and sixteen
boys in the form. I put the extra paper in my bag and kept it. The phrase on it was simple and
harmless enough: 'If you don't come to me, I'll come to you.' That same afternoon I took it out
of my bag - I know for certain it was the same bit of paper, for I made a finger-mark on it - and
there was no single piece of writing on it!
The next day Sampson was in school again, much as usual. That night the third and last
incident in my story happened. We - McLeod and I - slept in a bedroom the windows of which
looked out at the main building of the school. Sampson slept in the main building on the first
floor. At an hour which I can't remember exactly, but some time between one and two, I was
woken up by somebody shaking me. I saw McLeod in the light of the moon which was looking
right into our windows. 'Come,' he said, - 'come, there's someone getting in through Sampson's
window. About five minutes before I woke you, I found myself looking out of this window
here, and there was a man sitting on Sampson's window-sill, and looking in.' 'What sort of
man? Is anyone from the senior class going to play a trick on him? Or was it a burglar?!'
McLeod seemed unwilling to answer. 'I don't know,' he said, 'but I can tell you one thing - he
was as thin as a rail: and water was running down his hair and clothing and,' he said, looking
round and whispering as if he hardly liked to hear himself, 'I'm not at all sure that he was alive.'
Naturally I came and looked, and naturally there was no one there.
And next day Mr. Sampson was gone: not to be found, and I believe no trace of him has ever
come to light since. Neither McLeod nor I ever mentioned what we had seen to anyone. We
seemed unable to speak about it. We both felt strange horror which neither could explain.
1. Why did schoolchildren like the new teacher, Mr. Sampson?
А) They liked his appearance.
B) He often went for a walk with them.
C) He organized competitions for them.
D) They enjoyed listening to his stories.
2. How did Mr. Sampson teach Latin grammar?
А) He told the pupils to learn the rules by heart.
B) He asked the pupils to make up example sentences.
C) He illustrated the rules with pictures.
D) He made up interesting sentences to illustrate the rules.
3. Why did McLeod write the phrase "Remember the lake among the four oaks?"
А) There was a place like that in his native town.
B) He wanted to show his knowledge of Latin grammar.
C) The phrase suddenly came to his mind.
D) He wanted to embarrass the teacher.
4. What did Mr. Sampson do after reading the examples of conditional sentences?
А) He left the classroom immediately.
B) He put the papers with the examples into his bag.
C) He asked who had written the example in red ink.
D) He gave marks to the pupils.
5. What was wrong with the paper written in red ink?
А) It didn’t illustrate the rule that was studied.
B) It had finger-marks on it.
C) It didn’t belong to anyone in the class.
D) It had many grammar mistakes.
6. Who did McLeod see on Mr. Sampson’s window-sill?
А) Nobody.
B) A stranger.
C) One of his schoolmates.
D) Mr. Sampson.
7. Why did the boys never tell anyone about the incident at night?
А) They were not asked about it.
B) Mr. Sampson asked them not to tell anyone.
C) They agreed to keep it secret.
D) They were afraid to speak about it.
ECEDAC
Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания 1–7. В каждом задании
обведите букву A, B, C илиD, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
First Train Trip
I must have been about eight when I made my first train trip. I think I was in second grade at
that time. It was midsummer, hot and wet in central Kansas, and time for my aunt Winnie’s
annual vacation from the store, where she worked as a clerk six days a week. She invited me to
join her on a trip to Pittsburgh, fifty miles away, to see her sister, my aunt Alice. "Sally, would
you like to go there by train or by car?" aunt Winnie asked. "Oh, please, by train, aunt Winnie,
dear! We’ve been there by car three times already!"
Alice was one of my favourite relatives and I was delighted to be invited to her house. As I was
the youngest niece in Mother’s big family, the aunties all tended to spoil me and Alice was no
exception. She kept a boarding house for college students, a two-storey, brown brick building
with comfortable, nicely decorated rooms at the corner of 1200 Kearney Avenue. She was also
a world-class cook, which kept her boarding house full of young people. It seemed to me that
their life was so exciting and joyful.
Since I’d never ridden a train before, I became more and more excited as the magic day drew
near. I kept questioning Mother about train travel, but she just said, "Wait. You’ll see." For an
eight-year-old, waiting was really difficult, but finally the big day arrived. Mother had helped
me pack the night before, and my little suitcase was full with summer sundresses, shorts and
blouses, underwear and pyjamas. I was reading Billy Whiskers, a fantastic story about a goat
that once made a train trip to New York, and I had put that in as well. It was almost midnight
when I could go to bed at last.
We arrived at the station early, purchased our tickets and found our car. I was fascinated by the
face-to-face seats so some passengers could ride backwards. Why would anyone, I thought,
want to see where they’d been? I only wanted to see what lay ahead for me.
Finally, the conductor shouted, "All aboard!" to the people on the platform. They climbed into
the cars, the engineer blew the whistle and clanged the bell, and we pulled out of the station.
This train stopped at every town between my home in Solomon and Pittsburgh. It was known
as the "milk train" because at one time it had delivered goods as well as passengers to these
villages. I looked eagerly at the signs at each station. I’d been through all these towns by car,
but this was different. The shaky ride of the coaches, the soft brown plush seats, the smells of
the engine drifting back down the track and in through the open windows made this trip far
more exotic.
The conductor, with his black uniform and shiny hat, the twinkling signals that told the
engineer when to stop and go, thrilled me. To an adult, the trip must have seemed painfully
slow, but I enjoyed every minute.
Aunt Winnie had packed a lunch for us to eat along the way as there was no dining car in the
train. I was dying to know just what was in that big shopping bag she carried, but she, too, said,
"Wait. You’ll see." Midway, Aunt Winnie pulled down her shopping bag from the luggage rack
above our seats. My eyes widened as she opened it and began to take out its contents. I had
expected lunchmeat sandwiches, but instead there was a container of fried chicken, two
hardboiled eggs, bread and butter wrapped in waxed paper, crisp radishes and slim green
onions from Winnie’s garden, as well as rosy sliced tomatoes. She had brought paper plates,
paper cups and some of the "everyday" silverware. A large bottle of cold tea was well wrapped
in a dishtowel; the ice had melted, but it was still chilly. I cautiously balanced my plate on my
knees and ate, wiping my lips and fingers with a large paper napkin. This was living!
When we had cleaned our plates, Aunt Winnie looked into the bag one more time. The best
treat of all appeared – homemade chocolate cakes! Another cup of cold tea washed these down
and then we carefully returned the remains of the food and silverware to the bag, which Aunt
Winnie put into the corner by her feet.
"Almost there," said my aunt, looking out of the window at the scenery passing by. And sure
enough, as we pulled into the Pittsburgh station we immediately caught sight of aunt Alice,
waiting for us, a smile like the sun lighting up her face, arms wide open. We got off the train
and she led us past the taxi rank and the bus stop to her car that was parked near the station.
And all the way to her home she was asking about my impressions of my first train trip and I
could hardly find the words to express all the thrill and excitement that filled me.
1. The first time Sally travelled by train was when she
А) had to move to her aunt Alice.
B) had a summer vacation at school.
C) went to Pittsburgh for the first time in her life.
D) visited her aunt Alice together with aunt Winnie.
2. Aunt Alice made her living by
А) working as a cook.
B) keeping a boarding house.
C) decorating houses.
D) working as a teacher at college.
3. Sally was waiting for her first train trip so impatiently that she
А) packed her things long before the trip.
B) lost her appetite a week before the trip.
C) asked her Mother many questions about train trips.
D) couldn't sleep the night before the trip
4. Sally didn’t like the idea of riding backwards because
А) it could make her sick.
B) she could miss her station.
C) she could miss the conductor.
D) she wanted to see where she was going.
5. The trip to Pittsburgh by train seemed so exotic to Sally because
А) she had never travelled so far from her native town.
B) travelling by train was very different from a car ride.
C) she had never travelled in comfort.
D) she had never travelled without her parents.
6. Sally thought that at lunchtime they would have
А) meat sandwiches.
B) bread and butter with coffee.
C) fried chicken, eggs and vegetables.
D) tea with chocolate cakes.
7. Aunt Alice was waiting for Sally and aunt Winnie
А) at home.
B) in her car.
C) on the platform.
D) at the bus stop.
6A227D
Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания 1–7. В каждом задании
обведите букву A, B, C илиD, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Sisters
“Dear Kathy! Chance made us sisters, hearts made us friends.” This quote is at the center of a
collage of photographs – covering our twenty-something years – that now hangs in my office.
My sister, Susie, made it for me as a wedding present. It probably cost very little to make (she
is a starving college student, after all), but it means more to me than any of the more
“traditional” wedding presents my husband and I received from family and friends last June.
Whenever I look at the collage, it reminds me of my sister and what a true friend she is.
Susie and I weren’t always close friends. Far from it, in fact. We shared a room for nearly
fifteen years when we were younger, and at the time I thought I couldn’t have asked for a
worse roommate. She was always around! If we argued and I wanted to go to my room to be
alone, she’d follow me right in. If I told her to go away, she’d say right back, “It’s my room,
too! And I can be here if I want to.” I’d consult my mother and she usually agreed with Susie. I
suppose being three years younger has its benefits.
When we were kids, she’d “borrow” my dolls without asking. (And no toy was safe in her
hands.) When we got older, Susie quit borrowing my toys and started borrowing my clothes.
That was the final straw. I couldn’t take it anymore. I begged my parents to let me have a room
of my own – preferably one with a lock on the door. The answer was always a resounding
“no.” “Please?!” I’d beg. My parents would just shake their heads. They didn’t agree with each
other on much, but for some reason they had a united front on this issue.
To crown it all, she had this habit of doing everything I did. Choirs, rock bands, sports teams,
dance studios: There was no place where I was safe. “She looks up to you,” my mom would
say. I didn’t care. I just wanted a piece of my life that didn’t involve my little sister. When I
complained to my mother, she’d just smile and say, “One day you’ll want her around.” Sure.
It’s strange how mothers have this habit of being right about everything. When I was sixteen
and my sister was thirteen, we went through a series of life-changing events together that
would forever change our relationship. First, my parents announced that they were divorcing.
My dad packed up and moved to an apartment in New Hampshire – more than a half hour drive
away from our cozy house in Massachusetts. He bought me my first car and I often went with
Susie to his place when we missed him a lot. During those trips we started discussing our
troubles and making plans about how to reunite the family again. But a year later, our father
met his future second wife and moved again; this time to Indiana. This meant we could only
see him once or twice a year, as opposed to once every few weeks. That was hard.
Yet those few months changed my relationship with my sister forever. We started having more
heart-to-heart talks as opposed to silly fights. Over time, she became my most cherished friend.
It’s not uncommon for us to have three-hour-long telephone conversations about everything or
about nothing--just laughing over memories from childhood or high school.
She’s the only person who’s been through all of the tough stuff that I’ve been through, and the
only person who truly understands me. Susie and I have shared so much. She’s been my
roommate, my friend, and my partner in crime. We’ve done plays together, gone to amusement
parks, sang, and taken long road trips together. We’ve laughed until our sides hurt, and wiped
away each others’ tears.
Even though distance separates us now, we’re closer than ever. Sisters share a special bond.
They’ve seen all of your most embarrassing moments. They know your deepest, darkest
secrets. Most importantly, they love you unconditionally. I’m lucky to be able to say that my
little sister is my best friend. I only wish everyone could be so fortunate.
1. Why is the collage of photographs more important for Kathy than the other wedding
presents?
А) It reminds Kathy of her wedding.
B) Kathy didn't like the other wedding presents.
C) It was the most expensive present.
D) Kathy’s sister made it for her.
2. Why was Kathy against sharing a room with her sister?
А) They always quarreled.
B) Susie never left her alone.
C) They were of different age.
D) Susie said it was her own room.
3. What did Kathy call the final straw in paragraph 3?
А) The fact that Susie often borrowed Kathy’s toys.
B) The fact that Susie never asked for the things she borrowed.
C) The fact that Susie began to wear Kathy’s clothes without her permission.
D) The fact that Susie broke all the toys she played with.
4. What was Kathy’s greatest wish that she mentioned in paragraph 4?
А) To have a separate life from her sister.
B) To live in peace and safety.
C) To never part with her sister.
D) To have the same hobbies as her sister.
5. When did the relationship between Susie and Kathy start to change?
А) When they moved to a new house.
B) After their father married the second time.
C) After their parents divorced.
D) When Kathy’s father bought her a car.
6. What are Kathy’s relationships with Susie now?
А) They hate each other.
B) They are close friends.
C) They are business partners.
D) They do not see each other.
7. Why do the sisters understand each other?
А) They have got the same hobbies.
B) They have similar sense of humour.
C) They love each other very much.
D) They have similar life experience.
Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания 1–7. В каждом задании обведите букву A, B, C илиD,
соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
To Become Wealthy
As a kid, I always wanted to become wealthy. I knew if I could achieve this, I would be able
to consider myself successful. At the time, I had no worries and felt my happiness would be
based on whether I could fulfill all my needs and wants. My simple philosophy of that time
was if I was rich, I would definitely be content with my life.
My father always stressed his belief that happiness includes much more than money. I can
remember him lecturing me about how money does not make an individual happy; other
things in life such as: health, family, friends, and memorable experiences make a person
genuinely happy. At this time in my life, I took what my dad said for granted and did not give
any thought to his words. All I could see was the great life my cousins had because they
had everything a kid ever dreamed of.
At a young age, I noticed society was extremely materialistic. The media seemed to portray
the wealthy as happy people who add value to our society. My opinions did not change; in
high school I still sought a career that would eventually yield a high salary. I still felt that the
possibility of living life from paycheck to paycheck would automatically translate into my
unhappiness. However, things changed when I decided to take an internship in the
accounting department for the summer after my second year of college.
Starting the first day on the job in the accounting department, I found myself extremely
bored. I was forced to do monotonous work, such as audit eight thousand travel and
expense reports for a potential duplicate. In addition, I had to relocate away from friends
and family in order to accept the position. I was earning the money I always wanted;
however, I noticed that having money to spend when you are by yourself was not satisfying.
I began to think back to what my dad always said. After a few months in the job, I truly
realized that money does not bring happiness. A more satisfying experience for me would
have been doing an ordinary summer job for far less money. For me to understand that
concept, it took an experience as painful as this one. I often contemplated how much
money it would take me to do this as my everyday job. I concluded, whatever the salary for
this position I would never be capable of fulfilling a happy life and making a career out of
this job.
As I looked forward to the summer to draw to a close, I truly comprehended the meaning of
my dad’s words. Contrary to my prior beliefs, I firmly believe through experience that money
cannot make a person happy. The term “wealth” is a broad term, and I believe the key to
happiness is to become wealthy in great memories, friends, family, and health. This I
believe.
1. In his childhood the narrator’s idea of happiness was to
А) get what he wanted.
B) live an interesting life.
C) be an influential person.
D) make other people happy.
2. The narrator heard what his father used to say, but did not
А) believe him.
B) agree with him.
C) understand him.
D) think over his words.
3. From his early childhood till he finished school the narrator was convinced that
А) society was extremely unfair.
B) media added value to society.
C) money was the only thing that ensured happiness.
D) the wealthy could not spend money properly.
4. After the second year in the college the narrator decided to
А) start to work.
B) quit his studies.
C) change the college.
D) take a summer course.
5. The narrator’s internship proved that
А) it was not a money-making job.
B) he had chosen the wrong job.
C) he could not cope with professional tasks.
D) he had to get rid of his family and friends to keep the position.
6. It became obvious to the narrator that he
А) needed to think of another career.
B) would like to work only in summer.
C) would like to have a higher position.
D) preferred ordinary non-professional work.
7. The summer for the narrator was
А) monotonous and lonely.
B) dragged out and boring.
C) dynamic and satisfying.
D) difficult but inspirational.
Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания 1–7. В каждом задании обведите букву A, B, C илиD,
соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
The Joy and Enthusiasm of Reading
I believe in the absolute and unlimited liberty of reading. I believe in wandering through the huge
stacks of books and picking out the first thing that strikes me. I believe in choosing books based
on the dust jacket. I believe in reading books because others dislike them or find them
dangerous, or too thick to spend their free time on, or too difficult to understand. I believe in
choosing the hardest book imaginable. I believe in reading what others have to say about this
difficult book, and then making up my own mind, agreeing or disagreeing with what I have read
and understood.
Part of this has to do with Mr. Buxton, who taught me Shakespeare in the 10th grade. We were
reading Macbeth. Mr. Buxton, who probably had better things to do, nonetheless agreed to
meet one night to go over the text line by line. The first thing he did was point out the repetition
of motifs. For example, the reversals of things ("fair is foul and foul is fair"). Then there was the
association of masculinity with violence in the play.
What Mr. Buxton did not tell me was what the play meant. He left the conclusions to me. The
situation was much the same with my history teacher in 11th grade, Mr. Flanders, who
encouraged me to have my own relationship with historical events and my own attitude to them.
He often quoted famous historians in the process. I especially liked the one who said, "Those
who forget their history have no future."
High school was followed by college, where I read Umberto Eco's Role of the Reader, in which
it is said that the reader completes the text, that the text is never finished until it meets this
careful and engaged reader. The open texts, Eco calls them. In college, I read some of the
great Europeans and Latin Americans. All the works I read were open texts. It was an exciting
experience. Besides, I got familiar with wonderful works of literary criticism.
There are those critics, of course, who insist that there are right ways and wrong ways to read
every book. No doubt they arrived at these beliefs through their own adventures in the stacks.
Perhaps their adventures were not so exciting or romantic. And these are important questions
for philosophers of every character. But yet I know only what joy and enthusiasm about reading
have taught me, in bookstores new and used. They have taught me not to be afraid of
something new, unusual or non-traditional, not to deny it but embrace it and try to understand
even if you cannot agree with it. Not to stay within the boundaries but always seek for
something new and enjoy every second of this creative process and be happy every time you
get some result, no matter how positive or negative.
I believe there is not now and never will be an authority who can tell me how to interpret, how to
read, how to find the pearl of literary meaning in all cases. There exist thousands of versions,
interpretations, colours and shadows. You could spend a lifetime thinking about a sentence, and
making it your own. In just this way, I believe in the freedom to see literature, history, truth,
unfolding ahead of me like a book whose spine has just now been cracked.
1. The unlimited liberty of reading for the narrator means
А) access to different types of books.
B) freedom in choosing and interpreting books.
C) possibility to challenge other opinions on the book.
D) opportunity to select what to read according to the mood.
2. The narrator thinks that his love of reading
А) is an inborn quality.
B) developed early at school.
C) was initially fostered by Mr. Buxton.
D) is all due to the efforts of his Shakespeare teacher.
3. The narrator gives credit to Mr. Buxton for teaching him how to
А) love classical literature.
B) read Shakespeare aloud.
C) interpret stylistic devices.
D) find the meaning of a book for oneself.
4. The history teacher quoted famous historians to prove that people
А) are often blind or deaf to learning.
B) understand historical texts too literally.
C) can’t understand the meaning of historical events.
D) should learn from history not to make similar mistakes.
5. According to Umberto Eco, an open text is a text
А) commented on by the author.
B) plus the reader’s attitude to it.
C) that the author has not finished.
D) with different variants of an end.
6. Some critics say about text interpretation that
А) only philosophers should interpret texts.
B) people should enjoy books but not interpret them.
C) there are several ways to interpret a text.
D) there is the right interpretation to every book.
7. The narrator believes that
А) it is impossible to interpret good writers.
B) interpreting is collective intellectual work.
C) authorities in interpreting will appear in future.
D) one should find a proper interpretation by oneself.
Прочитайте рассказ и выполните задания 1–7. В каждом задании
обведите букву A, B, C илиD, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Unleashing the Power of Creativity
I have always been an optimist and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that the power of
creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place. And the life did not disappoint me
– many times it proved me right.
For as long as I can remember, I have loved learning new things and solving problems. So when
I sat down at a computer for the first time in the seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old
Teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But
it changed my life.
When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of "a computer
on every desk and in every home," which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when
most computers were the size of refrigerators and cost as much as a new modern Japanese car.
But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.
And now, after 30 years, I am still as inspired by computers as I was back in the seventh grade.
I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and
inventiveness – to help us solve problems that even the smartest people could not solve on their
own.
Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the
world's knowledge. And the only thing these youngsters should do is make the right choice,
which is not always an easy choice. Computers are helping us build communities around the
things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where
they live -- next door or on the other side of the world.
Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love
doing. He calls it "tap-dancing to work." My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what
makes me "tap-dance to work" is when we show people something new, like a computer that can
recognize your handwriting or your speech, or gestures, or one that can store a lifetime's worth of
photos or home videos and they say, "I didn't know you could do that with a PC!"
But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put
our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people
in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die
from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.
I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My
wife, Melinda, and I have committed ourselves to improving health and education in a way that
can help as many people as possible.
As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less bitter or tragic than the death of
a child anywhere else. And that it does not take much to make an immense difference in these
children's lives.
I am still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughest
problems is possible – and it is happening every day. We are seeing new drugs for deadly
diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing
world.
I am excited by the possibilities I see for medicine. And I believe that through our natural
inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we are going to see some
amazing achievements in this area in my lifetime.
1. The narrator considers himself an optimist as he
А) has a strong religious belief.
B) believes the world is perfect.
C) believes in the power of human mind.
D) knows how to develop one's creativity.
2. After the narrator first used a computer he
А) got fascinated with its size.
B) used it to solve his problems.
C) could no longer do without it.
D) was amazed at its unlimited possibilities.
3. The initial dream of the narrator and his friend proved to be
А) naïve.
B) manageable.
C) wishful thinking.
D) optimistic but unreal.
4. The narrator believes that computers are perfect to
А) be human friends.
B) create new fields of knowledge.
C) provide people with creative ideas.
D) be used as an instrument to solve human problems.
5. The narrator "tap-dances to work" because he enjoys
А) meeting new people.
B) watching dancing contests.
C) teaching people basic computer skills.
D) doing his job very much.
6. The narrator believes that
А) a lot of people in the world need help.
B) it is impossible to make the world better.
C) people in the world have too many needs.
D) the computer is the only way to improve the world.
7. The narrator sees the development of
А) new unknown diseases.
B) new methods in education.
C) new technologies in medicine.
D) new creative ways of thinking.
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений, обозначенными
буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Fire crews hunt escaped hamster
Eight firefighters have been called in to help find an escaped hamster. Two crews used a
chocolate-covered camera and a vacuum cleaner 1 _______________________, called Fudgie,
at
the
home
of
a
six-year-old
girl
in
Dunbar,
Scotland.
The girl’s mother said: "We came down for breakfast and discovered Fudgie had opened the top
lid of her cage and had made her way into the kitchen and we think she has
gone2 _______________________."
The fire crews spent five hours trying to recover the pet after it ran down a hole in the kitchen
floor.
But,
the
hamster
still
refused 3 _______________________.
In the search for Fudgie, the firefighters took the family cooker and gas pipes apart. They also
dropped
a
mini-camera
coated
with
chocolate
under
the
floorboards.
They then hoped to take out the hamster using a vacuum cleaner. Despite all their efforts, they
failed
to
find
Fudgie.
In the end, the firefighters put another camera down the hole 4 _______________________,
connected to the screen of the family home computer, to see if Fudgie appeared. Besides, the girl
and
her
parents
regularly
dropped
food 5 _______________________.
At last, after eight days the hamster returned to her cage safe and sound. She crawled from the
hole in the kitchen floor early in the morning. It was the girl’s father who first found
Fudgie6 _______________________.
The girl said that day it was like Christmas morning for her. Her parents added that they too felt
extremely happy when Fudgie had finally returned.
A. through a small hole in the floor
B. through the hole for the hamster
C. and locked the runaway hamster
D. to come out of the hole
E. to look after the pet
F. to try and locate the missing hamster
G. and left it under the floorboards
1
2
3
4
5
6
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений,
обозначенными буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G лишняя. Занесите
букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Speed of eating is 'key to obesity'
If you eat very quickly, it may be enough to increase your risk of being overweight, research
suggests.
Osaka University scientists looked at the eating habits of 3,000 people. Just about half of
them told researchers that they 1 _______________________. Compared with those who
did not eat quickly, fast-eating men were 84% more likely to be overweight, and women
were
100%
more
likely
to2 _______________________.
Japanese scientists said that there were a number of reasons why eating
fast3 _______________________. They said it could prevent the work of a signalling
system which tells your brain to stop eating because your stomach is full. They said: "If you
eat quickly you basically fill your stomach before the system has a chance to react, so
you 4 _______________________."
The researchers also explained that a mechanism that helps make us fat today, developed
with evolution and helped people get more food in the periods when they were short of it.
The scientists added that the habit of eating fast could be received from one's parents
genes
or5 _______________________.
They said that, if possible, children should be taught to 6 _______________________, and
allowed to stop when they felt full up at mealtimes. "The advice of our grandmothers about
chewing everything 20 times might be true - if you take a bit more time eating, it could have
a positive influence on your weight."
A. just overfill your stomach
B. could be bad for your weight
C. have a habit of eating quickly
D. linked to obesity
E. eat as slowly as possible
F. put on weight
G. learned at a very early age
1
2
3
4
5
6
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений,
обозначенными буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G лишняя. Занесите
букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Hi-tech brings families together
Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in
the
US.
Instead
of
driving
people
apart,
mobile
phones
and
the
Internet
are 1 _______________________. The research looked at the differences in technology
use between families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have
more hi-tech gadgets in their home 2 _______________________. Several mobile phones
were found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research
also found that 58% of families have more 3 _______________________.
Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and
children. Seventy percent of couples, 4 _______________________, use it every day to
chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their
mobile
every
day.
The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no
longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report
said they now spend less time 5 _______________________. Only 58% of 18-29 year olds
said they watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who
live with their families go online6 _______________________ several times a week and
51%
of
parents
browse
the
web
with
their
children.
"Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that
technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the
Internet," said the report.
A. than any other group
B. watching television
C. in the company of someone else
D. than two computers in the home
E. communicated with their families
F. helping them communicate
G. owning a mobile
1
2
3
4
5
6
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений, обозначенными
буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
The Power Of 'Hello'
I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and almost all of
them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person deserves to be
acknowledged, 1 ___________________.
When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to
speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the
neighborhood, 2 ___________________.
After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day until now.
She said, "You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to
speak, because even a dog can wag its tail 3 ___________________". That phrase sounds simple,
but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. I started to see that when I spoke
to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I believe
in;4 ___________________. I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledges
their
presence,
no
matter
how
unimportant
they
may
be.
At work, I always used to say 'hello' to the founder of the company and ask him how our business
was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their children were
doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him for a
meeting. We had a great talk. At a certain point, I asked him 5 ___________________. He said, "If
you
want
to,
you
can
get
all
the
way
to
this
seat."
I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak to
everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into
their world,6 ___________________.
A. it has become a way of life
B. when it passes you on the street
C. when you see him and talk to him
D. and it lets them come into mine, too
E. so I did not pay any attention to him
F. however small or simple the greeting is
G. how far he thought I could go in his company
1
2
3
4
5
6
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений, обозначенными
буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Friendship And Love
A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically mature
overnight.
A
friendship
involves
committing
oneself
to
help
another
person1 _______________________. I believe that nothing can replace a true friend, not material
objects,
or
money,
and
definitely
not
a
boy.
I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time with. His
parents
did
not
approve
of
our
dating
because
of
our
age
difference, 2 _______________________. He had told me the day we met that he had joined the
air force and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time
came
when
he
had
to
leave.
This
left
me
feeling
completely
alone.
I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, 3 _______________________. I had spent
so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for me when he
left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them for granted
over
something4 _______________________.
When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in my life that
had
gone
so
wrong
in
the
previous
six
months.
This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to make
them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that 5 _______________________. When a
relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything less
painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support me in
whatever I do, and to them,6 _______________________.
A. but we did anyway
B. whenever a need arises
C. they did not really care
D. whenever they need your help
E. I could not guarantee would even last
F. I am eternally grateful for a second chance
G. someone will always have a shoulder to cry on
1
2
3
4
5
6
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений, обозначенными
буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
Natural Links In a Long Chain of Being
I
believe
we
are
not
alone.
Even if I am on the other side of the world from the farmhouse I live in, I still dream of the ancient vines
out the window, and the shed out back that my grandfather's father built in 1870 with eucalyptus trunks. As
long
as
I
can
recreate
these
images, 1 _______________________.
All of us need some grounding in our modern world of constant moving, buying, selling, meeting and
leaving. Some find constancy in religion, others in friends or community. But we need some daily signposts
that
we
are
not
different,
not
better, 2 _______________________.
For me, this house, farm, these ancient vines are those roots. Although I came into this world alone and will
leave
alone,
I
am
not
alone.
There are ghosts of dozens of conversations in the hallways, stories I remember about buying new plows
that now rust in the barnyard and ruined crops from the same vines3 _______________________.
All of us are natural links in a long chain of being, and that I need to know what time of day it is, what
season is coming, whether the wind is blowing north or from the east, and if the moon is still full tomorrow
night, 4
_______________________.
The physical world around us constantly changes, 5 _______________________. We must struggle in our
brief existence to find some transcendent meaning and so find relief in the
knowledge6 _______________________.
You may find that too boring, living with the past as present. I find it refreshing. There is an old answer to
every new problem, that wise whispers of the past are with us. If we just listen and remember, we are not
alone; we have been here before.
A. I never quite leave home
B. but human nature does not
C. that we are now harvesting
D. but we as well as our heart did not
E. not worse than those who came before us
F. just as the farmers who came before me did
G. that our ancestors have gone through this before
1
2
3
4
5
6
Установите соответствие между заголовками A
–
Н и текстами 1
–
7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В
задании один заголовок лишний.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ordering in
Too much choice
Fast food is unhealthy
A new way to buy
1.
When you are tired and don’t want to cook, just pick up the phone. Restaurants are expensive and
take some time and effort to reach if you don’t live in the centre of town. Ordering food for home
delivery is cheap and these days there is a huge choice. Indian and Chinese are the most popular but
I prefer to get in a pizza.
A school group on a skiing holiday to Italy narrowly avoided disaster when their coach left the road
and fell eighty meters into a valley. Trees slowed down the falling coach and because of the fresh
new snow the vehicle landed quite softly. Amazingly no one was injured.
A teenager from London is making news around the world. On his recent holiday in Australia he set
off without his mobile phone. Experts are amazed that he is still alive after walking for fourteen
days, surviving extreme temperatures and living off the land. However, a lot of Australians are
unhappy with him. The rescue cost is estimated at more than 100,000 dollars.
You can buy almost anything, new or second hand, on the internet. On one site you can offer the
price you want to pay for something. Whoever offers the highest price can buy that item. Recently I
made the highest offer for a nearly new pair of skis. However, I only paid half of what they would
have cost new in a shop.
Making new friends on the internet makes so much sense. You can see someone’s photo and read if
they share your interests and opinions. The important thing is you can spend time getting to know
people who are attractive to you and looking for the same things in life that you are. Still, for
personal safety, most sites recommend that in person you meet initially in a public place like a cafe
or a gallery.
I like eating out but some restaurants have huge menus. And usually every item sounds mouth
watering. The trouble is I like to read about everything on offer and sometimes waiters wait for me
rather than on me! The other issue is how they can offer so much whilst maintaining quality? I’d
rather take one of five options knowing that each one was brilliant.
“Facebook” is a social networking website that has 250 million members and despite lots of
criticism by employers, governments and media, continues to attract thousands of new users daily.
In spite of claims of concerns about privacy, safety and wasting time at work, “Facebook” is one of
the most rapidly establishing phenomena of recent years.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1
2
E.
F.
G.
H.
3
4
Lucky escape
Long journey
Growing in popularity
Good way to meet
5
6
7
Установите соответствие между заголовками A
–
Н и текстами 1–7. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один
раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Shades make difference
Recipes for all tastes
Secrets of popularity
Element of culture
1.
The first mentioning of coffee goes as far back as the ninth century. At first, coffee remained largely
confined to Ethiopia, where its native beans were first cultivated. But the Arab world began
expanding its trade horizons, and the beans moved into northern Africa and were mass-produced.
From there, the beans entered the Indian and European markets, and the popularity of the beverage
spread.
While processing, a coffee bean absorbs heat, and the color shifts from green to yellow and then to
varying shades of brown. Depending on the color, the beans are labeled from light to very dark.
Darker beans are generally smoother, because they have less fiber content and the flavor is more
sugary. Lighter beans have more caffeine, which result in a slight bitterness, and a stronger flavor.
Coffee is one of the world's most widely consumed beverages. People often have it in the
morning,when they feel tired or want to stay awake in the evening. Many office workers take a
coffee break when they have low energy. It happens because coffee contains caffeine, a bitter, white
crystalline chemical that has a vitalizing effect in humans.
For the best quality of brewed coffee it is necessary to buy whole beans and grind them before
brewing. If you keep an open package of beans in the freezer it remains fresh for a month. Ground
coffee should be used up within two weeks and also kept in a tightly closed container in the
refrigerator. But an absolutely fresh coffee can be made from green beans that just need to be
roasted first.
For occasions when one wants to enjoy the flavor of coffee with almost no
stimulation,decaffeinated coffee is available. It is processed from beans while they are still green by
either soaking beans in hot water or steaming them. Decaffeinated coffee usually loses some flavor
over regular coffee, but it looks the same and can easily mislead inexperienced users by its smell
and even taste.
The Adoption of coffee created a unique social atmosphere that depends heavily
upon coffee,espresso in particular. Coffeehouses, the places where people can get together, have
traditionally been used not only for drinking coffee, but also as artistic and intellectual centers. For
examples cafes of Paris which are popular tourist attractions because they are also associated with
artists, intellectuals and writers.
A coffee bean is the seed of the coffee plant, which ripens around eight months after the emergence
of the flower, by changing color from green to red, and they should be harvested. In most countries,
the coffee crop is picked by hand. After this coffee beans are wet processed and then dried. Finally
the last layers of dry skin are removed; the beans are sorted by size and density, roasted and sold to
consumers throughout the world.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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7.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Deceiving likeness
Secrets of storing for better taste
From fields to tables
From local use to international trade
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений, обозначенными
буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G – лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
My Stage
My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my dreams of
stardom began.
I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends. I thought she
was so lucky 1 _______________________. She took tap and jazz and got to wear cool costumes with
bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her recitals
and2 _______________________.
My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four, which consisted
of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest and the bossiest, I was
the director. Heather came with her own costumes 3 _______________________. We choreographed
most of our dance numbers as we went along. Poor Faith … we would throw her
around4 _______________________. She was only about four or five … and so agile. We danced
around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records from all the Broadway musicals. We’d put a
small piece of plywood on the living room carpet, 5 _______________________. And I would imitate
her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the hall. I was a dancer in the making.
My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two “spotlights” and
a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like “One” and “The Music and the
Mirror” from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to
sing, 6 _______________________. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like “Tomorrow”,
“Maybe” and “What I Did For Love.” I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
and I designed the rest
and I was star struck
because she got to go to dance lessons
like she was a rag doll
whether I was good at it or not
wished I, too, could be on stage
so Heather could do her tap routine
1
2
3
4
5
6
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1–6 частями предложений, обозначенными
буквами A–G. Одна из частей в списке А–G – лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую
соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.
The Show Begins
My Uncle Jim took me to all the Broadway shows in New York City, and I was star struck! Actually he
wasn’t my real uncle – that’s just what we called him. He was a close friend of my parents. He was a bit
stocky with red hair, 1 _______________________.
I remember the theaters on Broadway, 2 _______________________. The curtains were made of this
real heavy, dark red material. There were huge chandelier lights hanging from the ceiling. The walls
were dark, paneled wood. The seats were red and cushy 3 _______________________.
The orchestra sat at the base of the stage in a pit. I usually went down to the front to see the
musicians4 _______________________. They were all crammed into such a tiny space. I played the
flute myself and my dad kept encouraging me that if I kept it up, 5 _______________________. But
truly, I didn’t want to be tucked away down there. I wanted to be on top, front and center.
Most people dressed rather finely, and certain fragrances took center stage as various women passed
by. The sounds of the audience 6 _______________________ at their seats were clearly heard while last
minute patrons filled in. There was electricity in the air and then the lights would go down and up, and
you knew it was time for the show to get started. The lights dimmed. The music began. And you were
swept up into a whole new world. I loved it!
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
I could be playing down there someday
and set real close together
which were so old and posh
and he had a beard and moustache
I wasn’t that good at music
getting ready and warming up
laughing and chattering away
1
2
3
4
5
6
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите
цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.
Avoidance activity
I am in Birmingham, sitting in a cafe opposite a hairdresser’s. I’m trying to find the courage
to go in and book an appointment. I’ve been here three quarters of an hour and I am on my
second large cappuccino. The table I’m sitting at has a wobble, so I’ve spilt some of the first
cup and most of the second down the white trousers I was so proud of as I swanked in front
of the mirror in my hotel room this morning.
I can see the hairdressers or stylists as they prefer to be called, as they work. There is a
man with a ponytail who is perambulating around the salon, stopping now and then to frown
and grab a bank of customer’s hair. There are two girl stylists: one has had her white
blonde hair shaved and then allowed it explode into hundreds of hedgehog’s quills; the
other has hair any self-respecting woman would scalp for: thick and lustrous. All three are
dressed in severe black. Even undertakers allow themselves to wear a little white on the
neck and cuffs, but undertakers don’t take their work half as seriously, and there lies the
problem. I am afraid of hairdressers.
When I sit in front of the salon mirror stuttering and blushing, and saying that I don’t know
what I want, I know I am the client from hell. Nobody is going to win Stylist of the year with
me as a model.
‘Madam’s hair is very th …’,they begin to say ‘thin’, think better of it and change it for ‘fine’—
ultimately, coming out with the hybrid word ‘thine’. I have been told my hair is ‘thine’ many
times. Are they taught to use it at college? Along with other conversational openings,
depending on the season: ‘Done your Christmas shopping?’ ‘Going away for Easter?’
‘Booked your summer holiday?’ ‘You are brown, been way?’ ‘Nights are drawing in, aren’t
they?’ ‘Going away for Christmas?’
I am hopeless at small talk (and big talk). I’m also averse to looking at my face in a mirror
for an hour and a half. I behave as though I am a prisoner on the run.
I’ve looked at wigs in stores, but I am too shy to try them on, and I still remember the horror
of watching a bewigged man jump into a swimming pool and then seeing what looked like a
medium sized rodent break the surface and float on the water. He snatched at his wig,
thrust it anyhow on top of his head and left the pool. I didn’t see him for the rest of the
holiday.
There is a behavior trait that a lot of writers share—it is called avoidance activity. They will
do anything to avoid starting to write: clean a drain, phone their mentally confused uncle in
Peru, change the cat’s litter tray. I’m prone to this myself, in summer I deadhead flowers,
even lobelia. In winter I’ll keep a fire going stick by stick, anything to put off the moment of
scratching marks on virgin paper.
I am indulging an avoidance activity now. I’ve just ordered another cappuccino, I’ve given
myself a sever talking: For God’s sake, woman! You are forty-seven years of age. Just
cross the road, push the salon door open, and ask for an appointment!
It didn’t work. I’m now in my room, and I have just given myself a do-it-yourself hairdo,
which consisted of a shampoo, condition and trim, with scissors on my Swiss army knife.
I can’t wait to get back to the Toni & Guy salon in Leicester. The staff there haven’t once
called my hair ‘thine’ and they can do wonders with the savagery caused by Swiss army
knife scissors.
The narrator was afraid to enter the hairdresser’s because she
1) had spilt coffee on her white trousers.
2) doubted the qualification of local stylists.
3) was strangely self-conscious.
4) was pressed for time.
Watching the stylists, the narrator concluded that they
1) were too impulsive.
2) had hair anyone would envy.
3) had strange hair-dos themselves.
4) attached too much importance to their ‘craft’.
The narrator calls herself ‘the client from hell’ mainly because she
1) doesn't like to look at herself in the mirror.
2) never knows what she wants.
3) is too impatient to sit still.
4) is too demanding.
The narrator doesn’t like stylists as they
1) are too predictable in their conversation.
2) have once suggested that she should try a wig.
3) are too insensitive to clients wishes.
4) are too talkative.
According to the narrator the avoidance activity is
1) common to all writers.
2) mostly performed in winter.
3) talking to oneself.
4) a trick to postpone the beginning of work.
The narrator finally
1) talked herself into going and fixing an appointment.
2) got her hair done at a hotel.
3) cut her hair after shampooing it.
4) spoilt her hair completely.
The last paragraph means that the Toni &Guy salon in Leicester is the
1) only hairdresser’s she has ever risked going to.
2) salon she trusts and is not afraid to go to.
3) place where she is a special client.
4) the first place she has ever tried.