Supplementary Table A. Prevalence (%) of stunting in African countries
Country
Setting
National
or
Regional
Age (yrs)
Gender
Year/s (Growth Reference
used to define stunting)
Stunting (%) (Reference)
Algeria
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2012
15 (120)
Angola
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
29.2 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
1996 (NCHS)
53.9 (5)
National
<5
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
33 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
1996 (NCHS)
58.4 (5)
National
<5
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
28 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
1996 (NCHS)
47.2 (5)
Rural
Urban
Benin
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2003 (NCHS)
31 (6)
Botswana
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2007-2008 (WHO, 2006)
31.4 (3;4)
National
<6
Mixed
1996 (NCHS)
29.6 (7)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2007-2008 (WHO, 2006)
28.6 (3;4)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2007-2008 (WHO, 2006)
29.6 (3;4)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2010-2011 (WHO, 2006)
34.6 (106)
Burkina Faso
National
<5
Mixed
2009 (WHO, 2006)
35.1 (3;4;8)
National
<5
Mixed
1999 (CDC/WHO/NCHS)
41.9 (9)
Regional
0.5-2
Mixed
2008 (NCHS)
35.8 (10)
National
<5
Mixed
2010-2011 (WHO, 2006)
37.3 (106)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2009 (NCHS/WHO, 2007)
8.8 (11)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2010-2011 (WHO, 2006)
57.7 (107)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2010-2011 (WHO, 2006)
59.5 (107)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2010-2011 (WHO, 2006)
37.8 (107)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2006 (WHO, 2006)
36.4 (3;4;8)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
32.5 (108)
Regional
<1
Mixed
2005 (WHO/CDC/NCHS)
5.8 (12)
National
<5
Mixed
2006 (WHO, 2006)
44.8 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
40.5 (108)
National
<5
Mixed
2006 (WHO, 2006)
25.7 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
21.9 (108)
Regional
2-5
Mixed
2009 (CDC)
47.3 (14)
Rural
Burundi
Cameroon
Rural
Urban
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2004 (WHO, 2006)
44.8 (3;4)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2004 (WHO, 2006)
46.9 (3;4)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2004 (WHO, 2006)
36.1 (3;4)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
1996 (NCHS)
33.8 (130)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
1996 (NCHS)
35.0 (130)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
1996 (NCHS)
29.9 (130)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2005 (WHO, 2006)
31.2 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2011-2012 (WHO, 2006)
24.4 (109)
National
<5
Mixed
2005 (WHO, 2006)
34.8 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2011-2012 (WHO, 2006)
30.4 (109)
National
<5
Mixed
2005 (WHO, 2006)
26.9 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2011-2012 (WHO, 2006)
20.3 (109)
Regional
0.3-1
Mixed
1993; 1996
12.1; 15.5 (16)
Regional
<6
Mixed
1991 (CDC/WHO)
11(17) (18)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
45.8 (3;4;8)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
51.9 (3;4)
Regional
0-2
Mixed
1989-1991 (WHO, 2006)
44.4 (19)
Rural
Urban
Congo,
Democratic
Republic of
Regional
1-2
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
66 (20)
Regional
0.5-5
Mixed
1989-1992 (NCHS)
51 (21)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
37 (3;4)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
1994-1995 (NCHS)
33.6 (128)
National
<5
Mixed
2005 (NCHS)
38.9 (129)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
1994-1995 (NCHS)
37.2 (128)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
1994-1995 (NCHS)S
28.6 (128)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2011-2012 (WHO, 2006)
29.8 (110)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2011-2012 (WHO, 2006)
34.9 (110)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2011-2012 (WHO, 2006)
20.5 (110)
Djibouti
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2002
26.5 (127)
Egypt
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
29 (22)
National
0.5-6
Mixed
1978 (CDC/NCHS)
20.8 (23)
National
<5
Mixed
2006-2010 (WHO, 2006)
43 (8)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
26.2 (111)
National
<5
Mixed
2004 (WHO, 2006)
35.2 (3;4;24)
Central African
Republic
Cote d’Ivoire
Equatorial
Guinea
Overall
Rural
Urban
Regional
<5
Mixed
1997; 2004 (WHO, 2006)
38.7; 34.7 (25)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
31.5 (111)
National
<5
Mixed
2004 (WHO, 2006)
36.4 (24)
Regional
<5
Mixed
1997; 2004 (WHO, 2006)
46.5; 41.7 (25)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
20.2 (111)
National
<5
Mixed
2004 (WHO, 2006)
23.9 (24)
Regional
<5
Mixed
1997; 2004 (WHO, 2006)
28.2; 28.5 (25)
Eritrea
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2002 (NCHS)
38 (26)
Ethiopia
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2005 (WHO, 2006)
50.7 (male 51.8, female 49.6) (3;4;8)
National
0.5-1.5;
Mixed
2002 (WHO, 2006)
30.5 (0.5-1.5 years);
National
0.5; 1
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
26.7 (28)
National
7-17
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2007)
24.5 (29)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
44 (30)
National
<5
Mixed
2005 (WHO, 2006)
52.1 (3;4)
Regional
0.5-2
Mixed
2006 (WHO, 2006)
45.4 (31)
Regional
0.5-1
Mixed
1996 (NCHS)
36 (32)
National
<5
Mixed
2005 (WHO, 2006)
34 (3;4)
Rural
Urban
Gabon
Regional
<5
Mixed
2010 (WHO, 2006)
37.2 (33)
National
<5
Mixed
2000-2001 (WHO, 2006)
26.3 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
16.5 (112)
Regional
0.25 ; 0.75;
1.25
Mixed
2002-2004 (WHO, 2006)
23.5 (0.25 years); 22.5 (0.75 years);
30.5 (1.25 years) (34)
National
<5
Mixed
2000-2001 (WHO, 2006)
36.4 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
28.5 (112)
National
<5
Mixed
2000-2001 (WHO, 2006)
22.4 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
14.1 (112)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2005-2006 (WHO, 2006)
27.6 (3;4)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2005-2006 (WHO, 2006)
32.4 (3;4)
Regional
<5
Mixed
1999 (NCHS)
22 (35)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2005-2006 (WHO, 2006)
19 (3;4)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
1998 (WHO/CDC)
27.2 (9)
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
28 (36) (3;4)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
32.9 (3;4)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
21.9 (3) (4)
Overall
Rural
Urban
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Kenya
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
31.2 (113)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
35.9 (113)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
17.5 (113)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2012
32.2 (123)
Regional
<5
Mixed
2013 (WHO, 2006)
21.8 (124)
National
<5
Mixed
1998 (WHO/CDC)
34.8 (9)
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2009 (WHO, 2006)
35 (3;4;37)
Regional
0.5-6
Mixed
1999
37 (38)
Regional
2-5
Mixed
2009 (WHO, 2006)
36 (39)
Regional
4.9-13.5
Mixed
1997-1998 (NCHS)
18.3 (40)
Regional
2.3-5
Mixed
May 2002; October 2002;
May 2003; October 2003
16;
16.9
12.8; 13.3 (41)
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2009 (WHO, 2006)
37.1 (3;4)
Regional
<5
Mixed
2002 (CDC)
47 (42)
Regional
<5
Mixed
1996 – 1998 (NCHS/WHO)
30 (43)
Regional
12-16
Female
1997-1998 ( Mumias)
1998; 1999 (Asembo)
(CDC/WHO/NCHS)
15.6
10.9; 10.8 (44)
Overall
Rural
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2009 (WHO, 2006)
26 (3;4)
Regional
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
47(45)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2009 (WHO, 2006)
39 (46) (3;4)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2009 (WHO, 2006)
41.0 (46)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2009 (WHO, 2006)
30.2 (46)
Liberia
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
39 (3;4;47)
Libya
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
21 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
1995 (WHO, 2006)
20.7 (48)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
1995 (WHO, 2006)
24 (3;4)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
1995 (WHO, 2006)
19.8 (3;4)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2009 (WHO, 2006)
50.1 (114)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2009 (WHO, 2006)
50.9 (114)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2009 (WHO, 2006)
43.4 (114)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2000 (WHO/CDC)
52.7 (9)
National
<5
Mixed
2010 (WHO, 2006)
47 (3;4;49)
National
<5
Mixed
2010 (WHO, 2006)
49.1 (3;4)
Regional
1
Mixed
2002 (NCHS)
71 (50)
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Rural
Mali
Mauritania
Morocco
Mozambique
Regional
0-3
Mixed
1995 - 1999(NCHS)
67 (51)
Regional
0-0.3;
0.9-1.25
Mixed
2002-2004 (WHO, 2006)
6 (0-0.3 years);
17 (0.9-1.25 years) (52)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2010 (WHO, 2006)
40.6 (3;4)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2006 (WHO, 2006)
38.5 (3;4)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2006 (WHO, 2006)
42.4 (3;4)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2006 (WHO, 2006)
28 (3;4)
Overall
National
<5
MIxed
2000-2001 (NCHS)
34.5 (121)
Rural
National
<5
MIxed
2000-2001 (NCHS)
37.9 (121)
Urban
National
<5
MIxed
2000-2001 (NCHS)
30.2 (121)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
1996-1997
24 (54)
National
<5
Mixed
2003-2004 (NCHS)
18.1 (119)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2003-2004 (NCHS)
23.6 (119)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2003-2004 (NCHS)
12.9 (119)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
43.7 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
42.6 (115)
Regional
0-2; 3-6
Mixed
1991-1992 (NCHS)
24.9; 32.3 (55)
Rural
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
47.3 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
45.5 (115)
National
<2; 2-5
Mixed
1996-1997 (CDC/WHO)
39; 51 (56)
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
34.7 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
35.0 (115)
National
<2; 2-5
Mixed
1996-1997 (CDC/WHO)
23; 28 (56)
Namibia
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2006-2007 (WHO, 2006)
29 (3;4;57)
Niger
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
43.9 (116)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
45.9 (116)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2012(WHO, 2006)
29.6 (116)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2006-2010 (WHO, 2006)
43 (8)
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
41 (58) (3;4)
Regional
2-5
Mixed
2001-2003 (WHO, 2006)
36 (39)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
45 (3;4)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
32.3 (3;4)
Regional
0-0.25
Mixed
2005-2008 (WHO)
30.8 (62)
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2009 (WHO, 2006)
29.3 (131)
Nigeria
Sao Tome and
Overall
Principe
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2009 (WHO, 2006)
29.3 (131)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2009(WHO, 2006)
29.3 (131)
Rwanda
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2010 (WHO, 2006)
44 (65)
Senegal
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2005 (WHO, 2006)
20.1 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2010-2011 (WHO, 2006)
26.5 (117)
Regional
0.5-5
Mixed
1983-1984 (NCHS)
25 (21)
National
<5
Mixed
2005 (WHO, 2006)
24.4 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2010-2011 (WHO, 2006)
31.3 (117)
Regional
1-6
Mixed
2003 (NCHS)
18.9 (66)
Regional
0.75-0.9
Mixed
1989-1996 (NCHS)
13.7 (67)
Regional
2-6
Mixed
1988 (NCHS)
32.5 (68)
National
<5
Mixed
2005 (WHO, 2006)
12 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2010-2011 (WHO, 2006)
19 (117)
Rural
Urban
Sierra Leone
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
36 (69)
Somalia
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2012
42 (126)
National
0-3
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
26.5 (105)
South Africa
National
4-6
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
11.9 (105)
National
10-14
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
15.2 male, 10.1 female (105)
National
1-9
Mixed
1999 (NCHS)
19.3 (72)
National
<5
Mixed
1993 (NCHS)
24.5 (73)
National
<5
Mixed
2006-2010 (WHO, 2006)
24 (2)
National
0.5-6
Mixed
1994 (NCHS)
22.9 (74)
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
23.9 (3;4)
National
1-9
Mixed
1999; 2005 (WHO 2006/2007)
21.7; 20.7 (75)
Formal
National
0-14
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
18.4 male, 13.9 female (105)
Informal
National
0-14
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
23.2. male, 17.0 female (105)
National
1-9
Mixed
1999; 2005 (WHO 2006/ 2007)
27.5; 23.9 (75)
Regional
1-4
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
19 (77)
Regional
1-2
Mixed
2005 (NCHS)
18 (78)
Regional
3
Mixed
2003-2004 (NCHS)
48 (79)
National
<5
Mixed
1993 (NCHS)
28 (73)
Regional
8-11
Mixed
1994 (NCHS)
9.9 (80)
Rural
National
0.5-6
Mixed
1994 (NCHS)
27 (74)
Regional
3-4.9
Mixed
2000 (WHO/CDC)
24.7 (81)
Regional
8-10
Mixed
2001 (NCHS)
7.3 (82)
Formal
National
0-14
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
13.6 male, 10.4 female (105)
Informal
National
0-14
Mixed
2012 (WHO, 2006)
17.0 male, 20.9 female (105)
National
1-9
Mixed
1999; 2005 (WHO 2006/2007)
17.2; 18.2 (75)
Regional
2
Mixed
1992-1993 (CDC)
16.1 (83)
Regional
1-2
Mixed
2005 (NCHS)
19 (78)
National
<5
Mixed
1993 (NCHS)
20.2 (73)
National
8-11
Mixed
1994;
27.9 (male), 21.3 (female);
2001-2004 (NCHS)
5.5 (male), 4.3 (female) (84)
Urban
Swaziland
Overall
National
0.5-6
Mixed
1994 (NCHS)
16.1 (74)
Regional
13-18
Mixed
2010 (CDC)
18 (male 17.4, female 18.3) (85)
Regional
12-18
Mixed
2003 (WHO, 2006)
16.3 (86)
National
<5
Mixed
2006-2007 (WHO, 2006)
29 (87)
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
40.4 (3;4)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
41.5 (3;4)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2008 (WHO, 2006)
38.2 (3;4)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2006-2010 (WHO, 2006)
44 (8)
National
<5
Mixed
2010 (WHO, 2006)
42 (88)
National
<5
Mixed
1996 (NCHS)
47.2 (9)
National
<5
Mixed
2010 (WHO, 2006)
44.5 (88)
Regional
0.25-2
Mixed
2001-2002
35 (89)
Regional
7-18
Mixed
2000 (NCHS)
52.5 (90)
National
<5
Mixed
2010 (WHO, 2006)
31.5 (88)
Regional
<5
Mixed
1993-1994
31.6 (91)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
1998
21.7 (23.4 Male, 20.1 Female) (125)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
1998
23.9 (125)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
1998
14.8 (125)
Tunisia
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2008-2012
10.1 (122)
Uganda
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2006 (WHO, 2006)
38 (male 41, female 36) (3;4;92)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
33.4 (male 37.0, female 29.9) (118)
Tanzania
Rural
Urban
Togo
Regional
<1
Mixed
2003 (WHO, 2006)
16.7 (93)
Regional
< 2.5
Mixed
1998 (NCHS)
23.8 (94)
Regional
<5
Mixed
1987 (NCHS)
42.4 (95)
National
<5
Mixed
2006 (WHO, 2006)
39.3 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
35.6 (118)
Regional
<5
Mixed
2006 (WHO, 2006)
43 (96)
Regional
0-12
Mixed
2004-2005 (WHO)
42 (97)
Regional
0.5-5
Mixed
2007 (NCHS)
44.8 (98)
Regional
<2
Mixed
2002 (NCHS)
25 (99)
National
<5
Mixed
2006 (WHO, 2006)
26.2 (3;4)
National
<5
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
18.6 (118)
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
45 (100) (3;4)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
48.3 (3;4)
Regional
1-2
Mixed
2011 (WHO, 2006)
44 (20)
Regional
Cohort 1:
0.5 – 2.5
Mixed
1994-1995 (NCHS)
Cohort 1: 36 (6-9 months); 61 (1420 months); 75 (22-30 months)
Rural
Urban
Zambia
Cohort 2:
1. 2 – 3.4
Cohort 2: 69 (14-20 months); 61
(22-30 months); 79 (34-41 months)
(101;102)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2007 (WHO, 2006)
39.6 (3;4)
Zanzibar
Rural
Regional
7; 13
Mixed
1994-1995 (WHO, 1983)
14 (7 years); 83 (13 years) (103)
Zimbabwe
Overall
National
<5
Mixed
2010-2011 (WHO, 2006)
32 (104)
Urban
National
<5
Mixed
2010-2011 (WHO, 2006)
33.4 (104)
Rural
National
<5
Mixed
2010-2011 (WHO, 2006)
27.5 (104)
*No data available
Reference List
(1) World Bank. World Development Indicators: GDP (current US$). 2010. 2012. World Bank national accounts data,and OECD National Accounts
data files. 7-5-2012.
Ref Type: Online Source
(2) UNICEF. State of the world's children 2012: Children in an Urban World. 2011. New York, UNICEF. 27-2-2012.
Ref Type: Report
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