Name: ______________________________
Date: ____________
Per: ______________
Study Guide- Unit 4.1-4.5
Directions: Answers must be written on a separate paper but do NOT have to be in full sentences.
Unit 4.1
1. Define the following:
a. Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred or change in form.
b. Kinetic Energy
Energy that moves
c. Potential Energy
Stored Energy
2. Give 2 examples of potential energy.
Gasoline, Uranium, Roller Coaster at top of hill
3. Give 2 examples of Kinetic energy.
Moving Water, Wind, Electricity, Roller Coaster moving down a hill
4. Give 2 examples of something that contains both kinetic and potential energy.
Bow and Arrow, Roller Coaster
Unit 4.2
1. Define the Six FORMS of Energy:
a. Mechanical Energy: The energy possessed by an object due to its motion or position
b. Heat Energy: A form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature
c. Electrical Energy: Motion, heat, or light produced by an electrical current
d. Wave Energy: Energy that travels in a wave
e. Chemical Energy: Potential energy that is stored in the chemical bonds that hold
chemical compounds together
f. Nuclear Energy: Potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom (released during a
nuclear reaction)
2. Give 2 examples of each of the Six FORMS of Energy:
a. Mechanical Energy: Football thrown by a quarterback, wind turns blades of a wind
turbine
b. Heat Energy: Sun radiates heat to warm the Earth, Fireplace warms house in winter
c. Electrical Energy: Lamp, electrical stove
d. Wave Energy : Ocean wave, sound wave, microwave, x-ray
e. Chemical Energy: Food, Gasoline, Unlit match
f. Nuclear Energy: Nuclear Fusion in a star, Nuclear Fission in an atomic bomb
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Which of the Six forms of energy are kinetic energy? Mechanical, Electrical, Wave, Heat
Which of the six forms of energy are potential energy? Mechanical, Chemical, Nuclear
Where is energy stored in a chemical compound? Chemical Bonds
Where is energy stored in an atom? Nucleus
Describe the 2 types of Nuclear Energy.
a. Nuclear Fission: The nucleus of an atom is split (Atomic Bomb)
b. Nuclear Fusion: The nucleus of 2 atoms are combined to make 1 atom (2 hydrogens
combine to make helium in a star)
Unit 4.3 (and Fossil Fuels Reading)
8. What are the 3 types of fossil fuels? Coal, Oil, Natural Gas
9. What are fossil fuels? Fossil Fuels are the decomposed remains of plants and dinosaurs that
have been buried and put under a lot of pressure
10. What gas do fossil fuels produce when burned? Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
11. What is The Greenhouse Effect? The warming of the Earth’s surface and the air above it caused
by gases in the air that trap energy from the sun
12. List 3 greenhouse gases Water vapor, Carbon dioxide (CO2). Methane (CH4)
13. What effects can Global Warming (AKA Climate Change) have on the environment?
 Polar ice caps melt and sea levels rise
 Oceans increase in temperature
 Oceans become acidic from an increase in carbon dioxide
 Decreased snow cover
 Increase in extreme events
o Hurricanes/storms
Unit 4.4
14. What form of energy do solar panels USE? Heat and Wave
15. What form of energy do solar panels MAKE? Electrical
16. How do solar panels work? Light waves come into the solar panels and knock electrons off of
atoms in the solar panels. These free electrons make a flow of electricity.
17. List 2 pros of solar power. Renewable, abundant, environmentally friendly, reduces cost of
electricity, silent, low maintenance, technology is improving
18. List 2 cons of solar power. Expensive up front, pollution from making the solar panels,
unreliable source (cloudy days?), requires lots of space, ugly
19. What form of energy do wind turbines USE? Mechanical
20. What form of energy do wind turbines MAKE? Electrical
21. Where would be the best locations for wind farms? A wide open space that has lots of wind
and isn’t right next to houses. Possibly a prairie near a mountain range or in the ocean.
22. List 2 pros of wind turbines. No pollution, abundant, renewable, low cost
23. List 2 cons of wind turbines. Wind fluctuates, high cost upfront, threatens wildlife (birds, bats,
etc), VERY noisy, ugly
24. What form of energy do dams USE? Mechanical
25. What form of energy do dams MAKE? Electricity
26. What are the 2 devices you could use to collect water energy? Dams, Water Wheels
27. What must the water be doing to generate electricity? Falling
28. Describe how a dam or water wheel works. Water falls and turns a turbine which is attached to
a generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical.
29. List 2 pros of dams. Minimal pollution, renewable, low maintenance costs, technology is
reliable
30. List 2 cons of dams. High investment costs
31. What form of energy do geothermal power plants USE? Heat
32. What form of energy do geothermal power plants MAKE? Electrical
33. Where can you get geothermal energy? Volcanoes, Geysers, Hot Springs
34. How does geothermal energy generate electricity? Heat from the Earth heats up water creating
steam that turns a turbine attached to a generator making electricity
35. List 2 pros of geothermal energy. Eco Friendly, renewable, Great potential for heating and
cooling
36. List 2 cons of geothermal energy. May cause earthquakes, only sustainable if reservoirs are
properly managed, location specific.
Nuclear Reading/Chernobyl/3 Mile Island/ Fukushima Daiichi Readings
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What form of energy do Nuclear power plants USE? Nuclear
What form of energy do nuclear power plants MAKE? Electrical
What element is used for nuclear energy? Uranium
How do nuclear power plants generate electricity? Nuclear Fission of uranium (splitting the
nucleus of uranium) created heat which is used to heat up water and make steam. This steam
turns a turbine attached to a generator.
41. List 2 pros of nuclear energy. Uranium Abundant, No pollution
42. List 2 cons of nuclear energy. Possibly nuclear meltdown, pollution of uranium mining
ESSAY QUESTION: WILL BE ON QUIZ!
43. Summarize the cause and effects of one of the three nuclear disasters (Chernobyl, 3 Mile Island,
and Fukushima Daiichi). Think about why the nuclear meltdown occurred, where/when it
happened, and what effects it had on society (including health effects) 5-7 Sentences.
Students may have a notecard with facts for this question only (Must be turned in with test)
Unit 4.5
44. What is the difference between temperature and thermal Energy?
Temperature is the AVERAGE kinetic energy in an object. Thermal energy is the TOTAL kinetic
energy.
45. Describe the 3 temperature scales
a. Fahrenheit
i. What units does it use? Degrees Fahrenheit
ii. Freezing point of water? 32
iii. Boiling point of water? 212
b. Celsius
i. What units does it use? Degrees Celsius
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ii. Freezing point of water? 0
iii. Boiling point of water? 100
c. Kelvin
i. What units does it use? Kelvin
ii. Freezing point of water? 273
iii. Boiling point of water? 373
What happens to the kinetic energy of an object if the temperature increases? KE Increases
What is heat? Thermal Energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object
What direction does heat move? From warmer object to cooler object
Which object has a higher temperature?
a. A cup of cold milk
b. A cup of hot tea
Which object has more thermal energy?
a. A cup of cold milk
b. A cup of hot tea
Which object has more thermal energy? Explain Why.
a. A school filled with cold kool-ade (More particles)
b. A cup of cappuccino
Conduction
a. Define conduction Heat is transferred from 1 particle to another without movivng
b. Is it normally with solids, liquids, or gases? Usually solids, sometimes liquids
c. Give 2 examples Food on a stove, Spoon heating up in bowl of soup
Convection
a. Define convection Heat is transferred by the movement of currents within a fluid
b. Is it normally with solids, liquids, or gases? Liquid or Gas
c. Give 2 examples Convection Zone of the Sun, Mantle of the Earth
Radiation
a. Define Radiation Transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves
b. Is it normally with solids, liquids, or gases? Does not require matter to transfer thermal
energy
c. Give 2 examples: Microwaves heat up food, fireplace heats up a room, sun’s energy
heats up Earth