Chapter 6 Guided Notes
Section 6.1 Defining Biomes
Earth’s Major Biomes
• Groups of terrestrial ecosystems that
__________________________________________________
• 10 primary biomes:
• _________________________________
• dry forest savanna
• _________________________________
• _________________________________
• temperate forest
• _________________________________
• chaparral
• _________________________________
• _________________________________
Climate and Climatographs
• Climate:
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
• ______________: Day-to-day conditions in Earth’s atmosphere
• Climatographs:
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
• Each ________________ has a set of characteristic organisms
adapted to its ____________________________________.
Biomes and Net Primary Production
• ______________________________: The rate at which primary
producers undergo photosynthesis
• Net primary production:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________.
• Ecosystems vary in their net primary productivity_________________________________________________________________
_________________________
•
Warm, wet biomes generally have _____________ net primary
productivity than cold, dry biomes.
Section 6.2 Biomes
Tropical Rain Forest
• Year-round ______________________ and
_________________________________________________
• Soil generally _______________________________
• ______________________________________________ support enormous
variety of plants.
• Plants tend to have
_________________________________________________.
• __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________.
Tropical Dry Forest
• Warm year-round, ____________________________________.
• Most trees are ________________________—they lose their leaves and
cease photosynthesis part of the year.
• Plants and animals
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
Savanna
• Receives
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________ usually has a distinct rainy season
• Grasses __________________________ with groups of trees
• __________________________________________________________________
________________________________
• Plants are adapted to ___________________________; tend to be
deciduous with deep roots, thick bark, and waxy coatings on
leaves.
• Many animals
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________.
Desert
• Receives ____________________ (9.8 in.) of precipitation per year
• Temperatures ________________________________________________
• Plants tend to have thick, leathery leaves, ___________________ in
their tissues, and have shallow roots.
• Animals get most of their water from the
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________
Temperate Rain Forest
• Year-round
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
• Largest extent found in
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
• Characterized by tall evergreen trees, such as cedars and
hemlocks, that don’t lose leaves annually; many are
______________________________________________
• Forest floor is ___________________________________.
• Animals
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________
Temperate Forest
• Precipitation
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________
• Varied temperatures (____________________________________________)
• Plants tend to be
_________________________________________________.
• Soil is
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________.
• __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
Temperate Grassland (Prairie)
•
•
•
•
_________________ seasonal precipitation and fairly extreme seasonal
temperatures; _______________________________
____________________________________________ to support large
trees; grasses, which grow from their base, thrive despite droughts,
fires, animals grazing
Animals are _____________________________________________.
Soil tends to be rich in nutrients;
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________.
Chaparral
• Highly seasonal conditions with
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
• Prolonged _________________________; droughts and fires common
• Plants are ___________________________; many have thick, waxy
leaves or leaves with hairs that trap moisture; succulents are
common.
• Plants may have thick bark and deep roots to resist fire;
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
• __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________.
Boreal Forest (Taiga)
• ___________________________________________________
• ________________________________, slightly acidic soils
• __________________________________________________
• Coniferous trees with waxy needles and conical shape,
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________.
• Animals feed, breed, and care for young mostly during short warm
season; year-round residents tend to have
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
Tundra
• Extremely _________________________; relatively sunny and cool
summers
•
•
•
•
Found at very _________________________________________
Harsh winds, nutrient-poor soil, and freezing temperatures
______________________; no tall trees; mosses and lichens common
Characterized by _____________________(underground soil that is
frozen year-round)
Birds and caribou migrate to the tundra during the mild summer to
feed on insects and lichens; only a __________________________
Polar Ice and Mountains
• _____________________________________________
• _______________________________________ in Northern Hemisphere;
ice sits atop Antarctica in Southern Hemisphere
• Very few plants; _________________________________________________
• Mountain communities change with _____________________, similar
to how biome communities change with __________________________
Section 6.3 Aquatic Ecosystem
Describing Aquatic Ecosytems
• ______________________: the amount of dissolved salt present in
water. Ecosystems are classified as salt water, fresh water, or
brackish depending on salinity.
• Photosynthesis tends to be limited by light availability,
__________________________________________________________________
_______________________
• Aquatic ecosystems are either
_________________________________________________.
• Aquatic ecosystem zones:
_________________________________________________
Freshwater Ecoystems: Ponds, Lakes, Inland Seas
• Salinity is less than ___________________ (parts per thousand)
• Ponds and lakes are similar, except in size, but
__________________________________________________________________
__
• Ponds and lakes are divided horizontally into zones:
______________________________________________
Freshwater Ecosystems: Wetlands
•
•
•
Areas of land _______________________________ at least part of the
year
Include ___________________________________________________
Wetlands prevent
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
Freshwater Ecosystems: Rivers and Streams
• Bodies of surface water that _____________________, eventually
reaching an ocean or inland sea
• ________________________: The area of land drained by a river and
its tributaries
• Characteristics, such as
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
Estuaries
• Occur where a river flows into the ocean or an inland sea
• Coastal estuaries are brackish ecosystems; organisms must tolerate
wide salinity and temperature ranges.
• Coastal estuaries are home to salt marshes and mangrove forests.
• Like wetlands, estuaries help prevent flooding and soil erosion as
well as provide habitats.
Oceans
• Currents are driven by
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________
• Surface winds and heating generate vertical currents that
__________________________________________________
• Horizontal ocean zones:
_________________________________________________
• __________________________: photic, aphotic, benthic
Ocean Ecosystems
• Intertidal:
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
•
•
____________________: Productive kelp forests and coral reefs
provide habitats and help protect shorelines from erosion.
Open ocean:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____