Environmental Science
Scientific Method Review
Matching: Match the term to its definition:
1. F
Experiment
2. E
Hypothesis
3. A
Independent variable
4. G
Dependent variable
5. B
6. D
7. C
Scientific Method
Constants
International System of Units
Factor in experiment that is manipulated by experimenter (what you’re testing)
Step-by-step procedure that serves to answer a question or test a hypothesis
International units used in math, science, commerce, etc.
Aspects of experiment that are kept same for entire experiment/ all groups
Possible explanation to a scientific observation (an educated guess)
Step in scientific method that serves to test the hypothesis
Factor in experiment that responds to the changes in Independent variable (the data you
observe/measure)
8. The metric unit (base unit) for the measure of volume is the liter . The symbol for this is l .
9. The metric unit (base unit) for the measure of mass is the gram . The symbol for this is g .
10. The metric unit (base unit) for the measure of length is the meter . The symbol for this is m .
11. Fill in the blanks.
Prefix
Symbol
Multiplication Factor
a.
kilo
k
103
b.
hecto
h
102
c.
deka
da
101
d.
deci
d
10-1
e.
centi
c
10-2
f.
milli
m
10-3
12. What is the mnemonic device to remember the metric scale?
King Henry died by drinking chocolate milk
13. Complete the following conversions:
a. 250 mL = .25 L
b. 150 g = .15 kg
c. 125 m = 12.5 dam
d. 0.26 cg = 2.6 mg
e. 32,300 mm = .0323 km
f. 0.072 kg = 7.2 dag
14. On a graph, the independent variable always goes which of the following:
a. X-axis
b. Y-axis
c. It depends on how the IV was measured
15. A triple-beam balance is used to measure which of the following:
a. length
b. volume
c. mass
d. temperature
16. Which of the following is used to measure volume:
a. ruler
b. thermometer
c. graduated cylinder
d. scale
18. On a graph, the dependent variable always goes on which of the following:
a. X-axis
b. Y-axis
c. It depends on how the DV was measured
19. Which of the following is used to measure length: a. ruler b. thermometer c. graduated cylinder d. scale
20. The standard for comparison in an experiment.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
a. control
b. constants
c. independent variable
1
d. dependent variable
Organization & Classification Unit Review
Matching: Match the term to its definition:
1. J
Ionic bond
7. G
Community
2. E
Plant cell
8. F
Adaptation
3. K
Atomic mass
9. B
Hydrosphere
4. H
Isotope
10. I
Lithosphere
5. C
Covalent bond
11. D Atmosphere
6. A
Prokaryote
12. L Biosphere
A. Organism or cell with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
B. Water portion of the biosphere
C. Bond in which electrons are shared
D. Air portion of earth; layer of gases surrounding earth
E. Cell with a nucleus, organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplast, and vacuole,
and a cell wall made of cellulose
F. Trait that helps an organism survive in its environment
G. Groups of different populations living in the same area
H. Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses.
I. Land/ rock portion of biosphere
J. Bond in which electrons are transferred
K. Number of protons plus number of neutrons
L. The Earth; the global ecosystem
13. What is matter? & what are the three states of matter?
anything that has mass & takes up space; solid, liquid, gas plasma
14. The smallest particles that exhibit the characteristics of an element are atom, which are
composed of subatomic particles:
o Protons: which have a positive charge and are found in the nucleus.
o Neutrons: which have a neutral charge and are found in the nucleus.
o Electrons: which have a negative charge and are found in the electron cloud.
15. Isotopes are atoms with a different number of neutrons.
16. Atomic number is the number of protons found in the atom. Atomic mass is the sum of the
number of protons and neutrons in the atom.
17. Lithium has an atomic number of three, which means it has 3 protons.
18. Plants are eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophs, which means they are/can:
a. single-celled
b. made of cells with no nucleus
c. make their own food/energy
d. consume other organisms for energy
19. Which of the following represents a population?
a. A tiger, a rabbit, a tree, & the sun b. A single tiger
c. All the tigers in an area
d. A tiger, a rabbit, a tree in the rainforest in India
20. Evolution occurs through which process:
a. inheritance of acquired traits
b. natural selection
c. individuals changing their own genes by choice
d. Darwinism
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21. Organisms are divided into 2 groups, based on cell structure, and then divided again in 6
kingdoms: Fill in the blanks:
A.
Prokaryotes: no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
1. Archaebacteria: known as “ancient bacteria”
2. Eubacteria are known as “True bacteria”
B.
Eukaryotes: have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
3. Fungi: eukaryotic multicellular absorptive heterotrophs
4. Protists: eukaryotic single- & multi-celled autotrophs & heterotrophs
5. Plants: eukaryotic multicellular autotrophs (make their own food & energy from
sunlight)
6. Animals: eukaryotic multicellular heterotrophs (have to consume food for energy)
22. Which of the following organic compounds function in storing genetic information?
a. Lipids
b. Nucleic acids
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
23. What does autotroph mean? makes own food/energy
24. All of the following are elements except: a. water
b. oxygen
c. nitrogen
d. carbon
25. A group of individuals of the same species occupying a given area is called a population.
26. A community of living organisms interacting with one another and their environment is called an
ecosystem.
27. What are organisms that feed on plants called? (There are two names you can provide)
herbivore & primary consumer
28. Complete the levels of organization: atoms  compounds  cells  tissues  organs  organ
systems  organism  population  community  ecosystem biome  biosphere.
29. Zinc has an atomic number of 30 and an atomic mass of 65. How many neutrons does zinc
have?
a. 30
b. 65
c. 15
d. 35
30. Who is credited with formulating the theory of evolution by means of natural selection?
a. Lyell
b. Malthus
c. Wallace
d. Darwin
31. Organisms are classified based on the following scheme: FILL IN THE BLANKS
Kingdom  Phylum Class  Order Family Genus  species.
32. What is the mnemonic device to remember the 7 taxonomic categories above?
King Phillip Came Over For Grape Soda
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Introduction to Environmental Science Review
Matching: Match the term to its definition:
1. E
Pollution
6. H
Agriculture
2. I
Renewable resources
7. D
Biology
3. F
Environment
8. G
Developing country
4. B
Biodiversity
9. A
Ecology
5. C
Sustainability
A. The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment
B. The species, genetic, or ecological diversity of organisms in a given area
C. Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs
D. The study of life or living organisms
E. Any physical, chemical, or biological change that adversely affects the health, survival, or activities of
living organisms or that alters the environment in an undesirable way
F. The circumstances or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms
G. Country with high population growth, low economic diversity, and low ecological footprints
H. The practice of growing, breeding, & caring for plants & animals used for food, clothing, etc.
I. Resources normally replaced or replenished by natural processes
10. Using scientific information from chemistry and biology to devise a plan to clean up a lake and make it healthy
again describes: a. Ecology
b. Environmental Science
c. Earth Science
d. Social Science
11. Name three developed nations: U.S., Japan, France
12. A resident of which country is likely to have a large ecological footprint?
a. Indonesia
b. India
c. United States
d. Panama
13. Name two renewable and two nonrenewable resources:
R: plants, trees, soil, water NR: oil, uranium, aluminum
14. During the agricultural revolution:
a. Plants and animals were domesticated
c. Fossil fuel use increased
b. Forests & wetlands were destroyed for farmland
d. Both (a) and (b)
15. An ecological footprint is the
a. mark a person’s shoe makes in soft earth.
b. number of animals a person has killed.
c. amount of land and ocean area needed to support one person.
d. number of trees people cut down.
16. Compared to developing nations, developed nations have
a. lower health standards.
c. greater personal wealth.
b. faster-growing populations.
d. no social support systems.
17. The current issue of rapid global climate change is thought to be caused by excess CO2 in the atmosphere.
18. You are visiting a developing country. Compared to a developed country, you would expect to find a:
a. higher percentage of the population with safe drinking water
b. higher percentage of the population under the age of 15
c. higher average life expectancy
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Ecology Review
Matching: Match the term to its definition:
1.
G
Abiotic factors
5.
C
Parasitism
2.
B
Savanna
6.
D
Niche
3.
H
Coral reef
7.
E
Secondary succession
4.
A
Herbivore
8.
F
Biome
A. Organism that obtains energy from eating producers
B. Tropical grassland that has large herbivores
C. Symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other is benefited
D. The unique role a species plays in its environment
E. The change in species composition of an ecosystem after a disturbance
F. Large region characterized by a specific climate and similar ecosystems
G. The non-living part of the environment, including water, rocks, light & temperature
H. Areas where limestone ridges built by coral develop and support thousands of organisms
9. What do herbivores eat? Plants/plant products
10. What do omnivores eat? Plants/plant products and Animal Products
11. What do carnivores eat? Meat/Animal products
12. Primary consumer is another name for a herbivore.
13. Trophic levels are levels in a food chain.
14. Plants are producers, meaning they perform photosynthesis.
15. Plants/ producers are eaten by primary consumers, which are eaten by secondary consumers, which
are eaten by tertiary consumers.
16. The reason that energy transfer among trophic levels is depicted as a pyramid is because only
% of energy consumed is available to the next trophic level:
a. 90
b. 20
c. 10
d. 3
17. Which organelle performs photosynthesis?
a. mitochondria
b. cytoplasm
c. nucleus
d. chloroplast
18. Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for cellular respiration?
a. C6H12O6 + H20  CO2 + O2+ ATP
b. C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H20 + ATP
c. H20 + O2  CO2 + ATP + C6H12O6
d. CO2 + H20 + O2  C6H12O6 + ATP
19. Mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are different types of what kind of relationship?
a. predator/prey
b. competition
c. genetic
d. symbiotic e. friendly
20. With respect to matter, Earth is a(n) closed system; hence matter cycles (cycles or flows?)
21. Which organisms obtain their energy from dead organisms and return nutrients back to the soil?
a. carnivores
b. scavengers
c. herbivores d. omnivores e. decomposers
22. A female dog’s niche includes all of the following except (choose the least best answer):
a. fleas that infest the dog
b. the number of puppies the dog has
c. how the dog protects its owner
d. the neighbor’s enclosed yard
23. A lynx chasing and eating an arctic hare (rabbit) is an example of what type of relationship?
a. predator/prey
b. competition
c. genetic
d. symbiotic
e. friendly
24. What is the formula for photosynthesis? Choose from the following: C6H12O6 , CO2, H20, O2
CO2 + H20 C6H12O6 + O2
25. The Carbon Cycle! Choose from the following: photosynthesis, respiration, burning of fossil fuels,
decomposition, ocean-atmosphere exchange, cutting down trees, volcanic eruptions
Carbon is put into the atmosphere by: respiration, burning of fossil fuels, decomposition, oceanatmosphere exchange, cutting down trees, volcanic eruptions
Carbon is taken out of the atmosphere by: photosynthesis , ocean-atmosphere exchange
5
26. Nitrogen Cycle!
Name the organism that performs the function of converting nitrogen into usable forms. Bacteria!
27. Water cycle! Choose from evaporation, condensation, transpiration:
Process by which water evaporates from the leaves of plants transpiration.
Process by which water changes from liquid to gas evaporation.
Process by which water changes from gas to liquid condensation.
28. The symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit is called:
a. Commensalism
b. Mutualism
c. Parasitism
29. The symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits & the other is neither helped nor harmed is:
a. Commensalism
b. Mutualism
c. Parasitism
30. The symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other organism is harmed is called:
a. Commensalism
b. Mutualism
c. Parasitism
31. With respect to energy, Earth is a(n) open system; hence matter flows (cycles or flows?)
32. We talk about consuming, or using up material resources, but actually we don't consume any matter. We only
borrow some of the earth's resources for a while taking them from the earth, carrying them to another part of the
globe, processing them, using them, and then discarding, reusing, or recycling them. In the process of using
matter we may change it to another form, but in every case we neither create nor destroy any matter. This
results from the law of Conservation of matter.
In any physical or chemical change, matter is neither created nor destroyed but merely changed from one form
to another. When you throw away something, remember there is no "away." Everything we think we have thrown
away is still here with us in one form or another.
Biomes & Succession & Ecology Review
Matching: Match the term to its definition:
1.
G
Abiotic factors
5.
C
Parasitism
2.
B
Savanna
6.
D
Niche
3.
H
Coral reef
7.
E
Secondary succession
4.
A
Herbivore
8.
F
Biome
A. Organism that obtains energy from eating producers
B. Tropical grassland that has large herbivores
C. Symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other is benefited
D. The unique role a species plays in its environment
E. The change in species composition of an ecosystem after a disturbance
F. Large region characterized by a specific climate and similar ecosystems
G. The non-living part of the environment, including water, rocks, light & temperature
H. Areas where limestone ridges built by coral develop and support thousands of organisms
9. A biome is characterized by which of the following:
a. temperature
b. precipitation
c. plant species
d. all of the above
10. Which biome is characterized by relatively constant warm temperatures and high rainfall year-round?
a. Taiga
b. Tundra
c. Tropical rain forest
d. Desert
11. Which biome is known as the Northern Coniferous Forest or Boreal Forest and has conifer trees that
have the adaption of being cone-shaped so snow does not build up on the branches?
a. Tropical rain forest
b. Temperate rain forest
c. Taiga
d. Savanna
6
12. Which biome has permafrost, or a permanently frozen layer of soil?
a. Tundra
b. Temperate rain forest
c. Taiga
d. Deciduous forest
13. Climate and vegetation vary with:
a. latitude only
b. altitude only
c. latitude and altitude d. latitude and longitude
14. Primary Succession occurs on new rock formations, such as after a volcanic eruption.
15. Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance, such as a fire.
16. Where is most of the world’s biodiversity? Tropical Rainforest.
17. Only 10% of the energy is passed from one trophic level to the next due to entropy.
(tendency to go from a organized state to a disordered state). For example energy is used for cellular
respiration, cell generation, homeostasis, moving, and storage.
18. If a producer typically captures 5,000 units of energy from the sun, how much usable energy will be
available to a tertiary consumer in the ecosystem?
5000
500
50
5
producer  primary consumer secondary consumer  tertiary consumer
19. What organisms perform the function of converting nitrogen into usable forms? BACTERIA.
20. Keystone species, such as alligators, sea otters, and wolves, have a large effect on other species and
biodiversity.
Populations and Biodiversity Review
Matching: Match the term to its definition:
1.
G
Logistic growth
8.
E
Demographic transition
2.
M
Carrying capacity
9.
C
Reproductive potential
3.
J
Age structure
10.
L
Growth rate
4.
B
Dispersion
11.
I
Population
5.
K
r-selection species
12.
H
Exponential growth
6.
F
K-selected species
13.
D
Population size
7.
A
Endangered species
A. Species likely to become extinct
B. The relative distribution of a population’s individuals (random, clumped, or uniform)
C. The maximum number of offspring that an individual can produce
D. The total number of individuals in a population
E. Model that shows effects of economic and social changes on population
F. Species that have long generation time, late sexual maturity, and few young
G. Population growth that starts fasts & then levels off at carrying capacity; s-shaped curve
H. Rapid and continuous population growth; j-shaped curve
I. All members of the same species living in the same area
J. The distribution of ages in a population
K. Species with a high rate of reproduction to overcome high mortality of offspring
L. The change in population size over time
M. The maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can support
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14. Populations change size (or change growth rate) when new individuals are added by immigration and
births or when individuals are lost from the population by emigration or deaths.
15. Give two examples of developed countries: U.S. and Canada
16. Give two examples of developing countries: Ethiopia and Nigeria
17. What are keystone species? Give two examples of keystone species: Species that have a large impact
on their environment (ex. Gray wolf and sea otter)
18. A country’s human population growth tends to increase when
A. The country’ s economy is diverse with many industries
B. The country’s female population has equal status as the male population
C. The country’s age structure is dominated by young individuals
D. The country’s government supplies family planning programs
19. Organisms with a high reproductive potential, such as bacteria and insects, have which of the following
traits?
A. Reproduce early in life
B. Have few offspring
C. Provide lots of parental care
D. Reproduce infrequently
20. A recently discovered organism was found that exhibits the following charactistics: late sexual maturity,
1 offspring at a time, long parental care, and long life span. Would you classify this as an r-selected or kselected organism?
A. r-selected
B. k-selected
21. Which of the following is a density-independent factor that limits population growth?
A. Disease
B. Limited resources
C. Natural disasters
D. Competition among individuals
22. Factors that limit population growth are:
a. Density dependent factors (related to pop size)
i. Examples: competition, disease
b. Density Independent factors (control pop regardless of size)
i. Examples: natural disasters, severe weather
23. Which type of dispersion pattern helps to reduce intraspecific (within species) competition?
A. Clumped
B. Uniform
C. Random
24. Rapidly growing countries have an age structure diagram that:
A. forms an inverted pyramid
B. has a broad-base pyramid
C. Shows little variation in population by age (straight sides and not a pyramid)
25. Examples of r-selected organisms include: insects, bacteria
26. Examples of K-selected organisms include: elephants, humans
27. The study of human populations is called demography.
28. The number of individuals per unit area (ex. 50 bullfrogs/km2) is called population density.
8
29. Given the following age structure diagram, which of the following countries could be Country A?
A. United States
B. Japan
C. Australia
D. India
E. Nigeria
Country A
Country B
30. List at least four problems associated with human overpopulation: crime, lack of food, crowding,
poverty
Water Review
Matching: Match the term to its definition:
1.
K
Watershed
9.
O
Desalination
2.
M
Secondary treatment
10.
G
Biomagnification
3.
H
Aquifer
11.
B
Surface water
4.
J
Thermal pollution
12.
I
Cloud seeding
5.
A
Point-source pollution
13.
L
Reservoir
6.
C
Water cycle
14.
D
Water pollution
7.
N
Drip irrigation
15.
F
Well
8.
E
Groundwater
A. Water pollution that can be traced back to a single source
B. Freshwater on Earth’s land surface (lakes, rivers, streams)
C. Includes evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff (processes through which water is
recycled)
D. Introduction of chemical, physical, or biological agents into water that degrades quality & negatively
affects organisms
E. Water beneath Earth’s surface in sediment & rock formations
F. Hole that is dug or drilled to reach groundwater in aquifer
G. The buildup of pollutants at higher levels of the food chain (also known as bioaccumulation)
H. Underground formation that contains groundwater
I. The spraying of silver iodide crystals to make water droplets form in clouds
J. Negative change to water quality due to a change in water temperature (influx of hot water)
K. Area of land drained by a river
L. Artificial lake formed by a dam
M. Second step in water treatment that removes organic material and kills microorganisms
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N. Process of watering crops with little water applied directly to crops
O. Process of removing salt from ocean water
16. The water we have now is the same water that was on Earth thousands of years ago in accordance to
the Law of Conservation of Matter
17. 97% of the water on earth is in what form?
a. Frozen in glaciers
b. Flowing in lakes and streams
c. In the ground
d. In the oceans & seas
18. The majority of freshwater on earth is locked away in which of the following?
a. Groundwater
b. Deep sea vents
c. Glaciers
d. Aquifers
19. The water portion of the biosphere is called the hydrosphere.
20. The process in which increased nitrogen and phosphorus from pollution causes explosive growth of
plant and algae to the point that aquatic animals are killed is called: eutrophication
Land Review
Matching: Match the term to its definition:
1.
E
Soil layer
7.
J
Soil
2.
K
Organic farming
8.
B
Biological pest control
3.
H
genetically-modified plant
9.
F
Arable land
4.
I
Pests
10.
G
Desertification
5.
C
Sustainable agriculture
11.
A
Malnutrition
6.
D
Deforestation
A. Condition when people do not consume enough calories or eat a sufficient variety of foods
B. Using living organisms (or their products) to control pests
C. Includes organic farming, supporting local farmers, and eating what is in season
D. Clearing of trees from an area
E. Soil horizon
F. Land that can be used to grow crops
G. Process by which arid land becomes more desert like
H. Plant that has genetic material that has been modified for medical or industrial use
I. Plants, fungi, microorganisms, insects, and viruses that cause damage to crops
J. Mixture of weathered rock and organic material
K. Farming without use of hormones, antibiotics, pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, and
genetic modifications
10
12. Soil is lost by erosion, which occurs when rain or wind wash/blow soil away.
13. The rock and soil portion of the biosphere is known as the lithosphere.
14.Which of the following is the main cause for lack of food and malnutrition?
A. Poverty
B. Vegetarianism
C. Lack of skill
D. Obesity
15. The movement of people from rural areas to cities is called
A. Urbanization
B. Immigration
C. Reforestation
E. Religion
D. Sustainability
E. Transfer
16. The expansion of cities into the countryside, including building of suburbs, is known as?
A. Suburbanization
B. Emigration
C. Urban sprawl
D. Ruralization
17. The process of cutting and removing only middle aged or mature trees is _____.
A. clear cutting
B. virgin forest
C. selective cutting
D. tree farms
18. Most of world’s fisheries are threatened by overharvesting.
19. CAFO’s or confined animal feeding operations keep animals in close quarters and pump them full of
antibiotics and steroids.
20. It takes more energy, water, & land to produce a Calorie of food from animals than to produce a Calorie
of food from plants.
21. Green spaces and living roofs reduce drainage problems, absorb water, provide relaxation, regulates
climate, absorbs CO2, releases O2, and filter pollutants.
Air Pollution and Climate Change Review
Matching: Match the term with its definition:
1.
H
Atmosphere
6.
G
Volatile organic compound
2.
J
Troposphere
7.
C
Acid precipitation
3.
A
Primary pollutant
8.
E
Ozone
4.
I
Secondary pollutant
9.
B
Greenhouse gases
5.
D
Carbon monoxide (CO)
10.
F
Global climate change
A. Pollutant put directly into air by human activity, already in harmful form
B. Gases in atmosphere that trap heat (such as CO2 and CH4)
C. Rain, sleet, or snow with high concentration of sulfuric and nitric acids
D. Colorless, odorless gas that is a primary pollutant; interferes with blood’s ability to carry oxygen
E. O3; a secondary pollutant of the troposphere
F. Changes in precipitation, wind, storm intensities, and average global temperatures over time
G. Chemical that vaporizes readily and forms toxic fumes, found in paint, (VOC)
H. Thin layer of gases surrounding earth
I. Pollutant that forms when primary pollutants react with each other or naturally-occurring
substances
J. Layer of atmosphere closest to earth
11. Define sick building syndrome and list some of its symptoms: allergies & other health problems due
to indoor air pollution
11
12. Acid rain is rain with a pH less than 5. The two acids that make rain acidic beyond normal levels are
nitric and sulfuric.
13. What pollutant forms when automobile emissions react with oxygen gas and ultraviolet rays?
a. ozone
b. carbon dioxide
c. radon
d. sulfur dioxide
14. All of the following are primary air pollutants except
a. carbon monoxide
b. smog
c. sulfur dioxides
d. VOC’s
15. Which gas makes up 78 percent of our atmosphere but can be used by plants only when transformed
by bacteria
a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. hydrogen
d. carbon dioxide
16. The layer of atmosphere that we live in and breath is called the troposphere.
17. The greenhouse effect causes Earth to become warmer because
a. CO2 and other greenhouse gas molecules gang up on incoming sunlight.
b. CO2 and other greenhouse gas molecules change sunlight into heat.
c. CO2 and other greenhouse gas molecules are transparent to incoming sunlight, but
they absorb infrared (heat) radiation.
d. CO2 and other greenhouse gas molecules capture X-rays and change them into electrical
signals.
18. Carbon dioxide is being blamed for global warming because it is building up in our troposphere and
holding in heat. CO2 is increasing in our atmosphere due to use of fossil fuels.
19. The northern hemisphere is slanted toward the sun in spring and summer, and therefore lots of plants
are doing photosynthesis. This decreases(increases or decreases) the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
20. A device used to clean exhaust gases before they exit a vehicle’s tailpipe is called a(n):
a. Electrostatic precipitator
b. Catalytic converter
c. Scrubber
d. ZEV
21. Ozone in the troposphere (layer of atmosphere) is a secondary pollutant, and therefore a bad thing.
22. Ozone in the stratosphere (upper layer of atmosphere) is a good thing because it protects us from UV
radiation. This concentration of ozone here is called the ozone layer.
23. The ozone layer started disappearing because of use of CFC’s
24. Water vapor (H20), carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) are all greenhouse
gases that trap heat in the atmosphere
25. What are some consequences of global climate change? Name at least three: rising sea level, food
shortages, extinction events, emergent diseases
26. Primary Pollutants = pollutants put directly into air by human activity, already in harmful form
27. Secondary Pollutants - form when primary pollutants react with each other or naturally-occurring
substances
28. Primary pollutants include all of the following except:
a. carbon monoxide b. sulfur dioxide
c. volatile organic compounds
d. ozone
29. Which of the following metals is considered a primary air pollutant?
a. gold
b. aluminum
c. lead
d. silver
e. titanium
30. Indoor air pollutants include: Name at least three: mold, cigarette smoke, animal dander, chemicals
from cleaning products
31. Oxygen constitutes what percentage of our troposphere?
a. 2%
b. 21%
c. 78%
d. 99%
32. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH below seven means a substance is acidic. A pH above seven
means a substance is basic or alkaline. A pH of 7 is neutral.
33. Normal rain is slightly acidic due to carbon dioxide and water reacting to form this acid:
a. Sulfuric
b. Carbonic
c. Nitric
d. Battery
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34. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is lower in the spring & summer because:
a. The northern hemisphere (where the majority of plants live) is facing toward the sun &
plants are performing photosynthesis
b. The southern hemisphere (where the majority of plants live) is facing toward the sun & plants are
dying
c. The northern hemisphere is facing away from the sun & plants are dying
d. The southern hemisphere is facing toward the sun & plants are performing photosynthesis
Energy Unit Review
Matching: Match the term to its definition
1.
D
Electric generator
6.
H
Biodiesel
2.
J
Biomass Ethanol
7.
E
Fusion
3.
A
Fossil fuel
8.
C
Petroleum
4.
G
Hydroelectric energy
9.
B
Energy
5.
F
Fission
10.
I
Coal
A. Remains of ancient organisms that contain energy-rich carbon-based molecules
B. The ability to move matter
C. Oil that is pumped from the ground; used in fuels, chemicals & plastics
D. Machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
E. Formation of a heavy nucleus from two lighter ones (nuclei combine) and energy is released
F. The splitting of nuclei that releases energy
G. Energy produced from moving water
H. A vegetable oil or animal fat-based diesel fuel
I. Solid fossil fuel that comes from remains of ancient plants
J. An alcohol fuel made by fermenting the sugars found in grains
11. In terms of energy, Earth is an open system. This means energy flows (flows or cycles?)
12. The Law of Conservation of Energy, states that
A. Energy goes from organized states to disorganized states (entropy)
B. No system can reach an absolute zero level of energy
C. Energy is created by fusion and loss through use
D. Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but transformed from one form to another
13. Coal is derived from ancient swampland plants, while oil & natural gas are derived from ancient
marine organisms.
14. When fossil fuels are used in power plants, they are generally burned to heat water, causing steam to
turn a _________________.
A. Shaft
B. Turbine
C. Wheel
D. Switch
15. To start the process of nuclear fission, nuclei in a reactor are hit with neutrons, which causes the nuclei
to split and releases energy.
16. The three fossil fuels are: a. oil
b.
coal
c. natural gas
17. The most energy-efficient and readily-available vehicles today are hybrid vehicles
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18. Government incentives are ways that the government supports energy efficient or environmentallyfriendly practices.
19. Solar or photovoltaic cells convert the sun’s energy into electricity.
20. During the process of nuclear fission,
A. A light atom combines with another light atom to create a heavy atom.
B. A neutron splits and creates uranium.
C. Radioactivity causes the electron of a uranium atom to split in two.
D. A neutron splits a uranium atom, forming new elements and releasing several neutrons, plus
energy.
21. Nuclear power plants get energy from:
A. Nuclear fusion
B. The release of electrons from a positively charged atom
C. The splitting of an atom’s nucleus
D. The splitting of neutrons
22. Hydrogen could be used as a fuel source in the future because it
a. is abundant. b. is used in fuel cells. c. can be burned as fuel. d. All of the above
23. What is the original source of all energy used by living organisms?
a. plants b. chlorophyll
c. photosynthesis
d. the sun
24. How is electricity generated in a coal-fired power plant?
a. The heat generated from burning coal turns water into steam, which turns a turbine, thus running
the electric generator.
b. The coal is burned, which heats the air. The hot air rises and turns the electric generator’s turbine.
c. The turbine breaks down the coal into a liquid fuel that powers the electric generator, thus producing an
electric current.
d. The coal is heated until it vaporizes. The coal vapor is distilled in the combustion chamber, which powers
the electric generator.
25. A geothermal power plant can be used to generate electricity
a. anywhere in the U.S.
b. in areas where deposits of water are heated inside Earth.
c. in areas where the ground stays warm throughout the year.
d. Both (a) and (c)
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