Supplemental Table 1. Minimum adequate models using data only from round 2 for
Gasterosteus aculeatus respiration parameters (OXPHOS, ETS and LEAK) depicting
the influence of assay temperature (°C), and offspring (°C) and parental (sire and
dam temperature °C) thermal environments.
source
d.f.
MS
F
p
(a) OXPHOS
assay temperature (°C)
dam temperature (°C)
offspring temperature (°C)
dam °C x offspring °C
dam °C x assay °C
offspring °C x assay °C
dam °C x offspring °C x assay °C
error
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
24
1160.1
1467.54
308.40
868.8
23.3
32.7
361.0
228.15
5.085
6.432
1.352
3.808
0.102
0.144
1.582
0.034
0.018
0.256
0.063
0.752
0.708
0.221
(b) ETS
assay temperature (°C)
error
1
30
2867.25 10.152
282.43
0.003
(c) LEAK
assay temperature (°C)
dam temperature (°C)
error
1
1
29
63.364
84.795
6.525
0.004
0.001
9.711
12.996
Supplemental Table 2. Genetic variance-covariance matrices of Gasterosteus aculeatus offspring size at 30 and 60 days analysed separately for
the four paternal-maternal thermal environment groups (shown as sire °C x dam °C). Each group was analysed by multivariate animal models
taking temperature-specific size (character states) as response variables.
17x17
size
30 days
17°C
Vanimal
CI
VDAM
CI
VE
CI
2
h
CI
21°C
Vanimal
CI
VDAM
CI
VE
17°C
5.29e-4
-4
1.80e -8.73e
17x21
21°C
17°C
CoV 4.86e-5
-4
-4
6.39e
-3.78e -4.24e
-4
ns
-4
2.37e -1.24e
rG 0.10
9.90e
2.60e-4-4.11e-3 -0.54-0.67
17°C
CoV -2.95e-5
-3
-4
-4
-4.29e -6.93e
-4
ns
rG 0.17
2.34e -8.22e
17°C
CoV -4.61e-5
-4
6.54e
-4
-4.28e -2.78e
-4
ns
rG -0.02
4.96e-4
-4
1.91e -1.31e
CoV 9.93e-5
-3
6.67e
1.83e-4-7.18e-4
1.60e-4-4.83e-4
1.84e-4-8.97e-4
0.173
0.176
0.259
0.224
0.048-0.481
4.19e-4
-4
1.95e -1.15e
4.12e-4
-4
-3
3.65e-4
1.43e- -7.15e
CI
0.107-0.634
0.310
-4
2.21e -1.59e
-4
3.74e -5.17e
-4
2.20e -1.08e
0.158
0.050-0.506
-4
2.19e -1.07e
4.62e-4
-3
4.19e-4
-3
5.65e-4
-4
0.072-0.572
6.46e-4
-3
9.92e-4
1.30e -2.21e
4
0.087-0.504
6.11e-4
-3
-4
1.28e -2.48e
-4
1.13e -5.50e
0.401
0.111-0.660
1.48e-4-1.28e-3
6.42e-4
-3
2.78e-4
-3
rG -0.12ns
5.56e-4
2.53e
1.92e-4-6.16e-4
0.052-0.458
-5.94e-4-5.10e-4
1.75e-4-2.54e-3 -0.70-0.62
-4
3.24e
21°C
-4
2.10e-4-2.94e-3 -0.66-0.45
-4
4.06e
4.22e-4
-4
21x21
21°C
-4
3.03e-4-4.96e-3 -0.49-0.73
-4
CI
2
h
4.84e-4
-4
21x17
21°C
1.91e-4-3.19e-3
4.10e-4
-4
1.66e-4-8.72e-4
0.300
0.060-0.573
size
60 days
17°C
Vanimal
CI
VDAM
CI
VE
CI
2
h
CI
21°C
Vanimal
CI
VDAM
CI
VE
3.23e-4
-4
1.44e -5.57e
CoV 3.82e-5
-4
3.00e-4
-5
8.01e -1.20e
-4
-1.48e -3.08e
rG 0.61ns
-3
-5
8.83e -5.38e
CoV -7.58e-6
-4
3.50e-4
-4
-0.45-0.85
1.23e -1.17e
-4
-4
-2.11e -2.29e
-4
rG -0.05ns
-3
1.40e
-0.61-0.69
0.297
1.43e -5.62e
9.68e -1.51e
CoV 5.90e-5
-4
-4
-1.64e -2.18e
2.01e-4
-4
rG 0.25ns
-3
-0.50-0.70
1.08e -1.30e
CoV 5.60e-6
-4
-2.71e-4-2.33e-4
rG -0.02ns
-3
-0.68-0.62
-4
1.28e
0.342
8.86e -4.55e
-4
1.66e
7.27e-5-2.91e-4
8.02e-5-3.11e-4
0.367
0.099-0.555
-5
2.82e-4
-4
9.79e-5-3.63e-4
0.131-0.633
-4
-5
1.98e
6.13e5-2.79e-4
2.96e-4
2.78e-4
-4
0.230
0.126-0.612
0.065-0.487
2.05e-4
1.64e-4
1.68e-4
2.00e-4
4.74e-5-4.45e-4
6.73e-5-5.27e-4
6.37e-5-3.95e-4
7.53e-5-8.09e-4
-4
1.29e
2.29e
1.74e
2.60e-4
4.87e-5-6.96e-4
-4
5.79e-5-8.38e-4
5.48e-5-1.27e-3
7.77e-5-1.25e-3
-4
5
4.63e- -2.92e
CI
0.073-0.646
0.260
-4
-4
1.79e
CI
2
h
2.14e-4
-4
-4
2.23e
-4
-5
7.36e -3.60e
0.214
0.081-0.595
2.91e-4
1.82e
-4
-5
7.71e -2.97e
0.216
0.057-0.527
-4
9.27e-5-5.62e-4
0.207
0.066-0.627
(Elements on the diagonal give estimated variance components for Vanimal, VDAM, and VE plus the resulting heritability with 95% CI. Offdiagonal elements give genetic covariances and genetic correlations (rG) between character states. Significance of genetic correlations was tested
as the proportion of posterior values overlapping zero. *P < 0.05; ns = not significant)
Supplemental Figure 1. Relationship between density and size (measured as standard
length ± 0.01mm) for offspring reared at 17°C (open symbols; dashed lines) and 21°C
(closed symbols; solid lines). 30 days post-hatch depicted by circles (below); 60 days
post-hatch by triangles (above). Individual points represent family means of standard
length.
Supplemental Figure 2. Family-level reaction norms of offspring size (estimated using
residuals of standard length) at 17°C and 21°C for each parental temperature
combination at 30 days (upper panel) and 60 days (lower panel). Parental temperature
combinations are shown as male temperature x female temperature. Thin lines show
reaction norms for individual families; thick lines show the mean (± SE) reaction
norm for all families within a parental temperature combination group.
Parental temperatures (sire °C x dam °C)
21
21
2
-2
-1
0
1
2
1
-1
-2
17
17
21
21
2
-2
-1
0
1
2
1
-1
-2
17
17
21x21
0
1
-2
-1
0
1
0
-1
-2
21
21
21x17
2
17x21
2
17x17
17
21x21
0
1
-2
-1
0
1
0
Size day 30
-1
-2
17
Size day 60
21x17
2
17x21
2
17x17
17
21
Offspring rearing temperature (°C)
17
21