Name:
Anatomy Notes Day 2:
The Axial Skeleton:
The axial skeleton forms the longitudinal axis of the body and can be divided into three parts:
1)
2)
3)
The skull is formed by two sets of bones:
1) The____________________ encloses and protects the fragile brain tissue.
2) The _____________________________hold the eyes in an anterior position and allow the facial muscles to show our feelings
through smiles or frowns.
The Cranium:
1)
2)
a) They meet in the midline of the skull at the _____________________and form the _____________________where they meet the
frontal bone.
3)
a) ________________________________________________________is a canal that leads to the eardrum and middle ear.
b) ___________________is a sharp, needlike projection, just inferior to the external auditory meatus. Many neck muscles use this as
an attachment point.
c) ______________________________: is a thin bridge of bone that joins the cheek bone (zygomatic bone) anteriorly.
d) The ________________________________is a rough projection posterior and inferior to the external acoustic meatus, which is
full of air cavities (mastoid sinuses).
e) __________________________at the junction of the occipital and temporal bones, and allows passage of the jugular vein, the
largest vein of the head, which drains the brain.
f) Just anterior to the cranial cavity is the______________________________________, which transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII .
g) Anterior to the _______________________________on the skull’s inferior aspect is the carotid canal, through which the internal
carotid artery runs, supplying blood to most of the brain.
4)
a) The occipital bone joins the parietal bones anteriorly at the__________________________________.
b) In the base of the occipital bone is a large opening, the _______________________________________which surrounds the lower
part of the brain and allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain.
c) Lateral to the foramen magnum on each side are the ___________________________________which rest on the vetebra of the
spinal column.
5)
a) The ___________________________,a large oval opening in line with the posterior end of the sella turcica allows fibers of the
cranial nerve V to pass to the chewing muscles of the lower jaw (mandible).
b) Parts of the sphenoid, seen exteriorly forming part of the eye orbits, have two important openings, the_____________________,
which allows the optic nerve to pass to the eye, and the slitlike superior _______________________through which the cranial
nerves controlling eye movements pass.
c) The central part of the sphenoid bone is riddles with air cavities, the__________________________________.
6)
a) Projecting from its superior surface is the _________________________in which the outermost covering of the brain attaches to.
b) On each side of the crista galli are many small holes called_____________________________, which allow nerve fibers carrying
impulses from the olfactory (smell) receptors of the nose to reach the brain.
c) Extensions of the ethmoid bone, the___________________________________________________, form part of the lateral walls
of the nasal cavity and increase the turbulence of air flowing through the nasal passages.
Facial Bones:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
The two _______________________or _____________________________________fuse to form the upper jaw.
a) These bones carry the upper teeth in the ___________________________________.
b) Extensions of the maxillae called the _______________________________form the anterior palate of the hard palate
of the mouth
c) The maxillae contain sinuses that drain into the nasal passages known as________________________________, which
serve to lighten the skull bones and act to amplify the sound we make as we speak.
The _____________________________lie posterior to the palatine processes of the maxillae and form the posterior part of
the hard palate.
3) The _________________ bones are often referred to as the cheekbones, but they also form a good part of the lateral
surface of the eye sockets.
4) The _______________bones are fingernail-size bones forming part of the medial walls of each eye socket. Each has a
groove that serves as a passageway for tears.
The _________________bones are small rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose.
The _______________bone is a single bone in the medial line of the nasal cavity.
The________________________________ are thin, curved bones projecting from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
The ________________is the lower jaw and is the largest and strongest bone of the face. It joins the temporal bones on
each side of the face, forming the only freely movable joints in the skull.
a) The lower teeth lie in the alveoli (sockets) in the _______________________at the superior edge of the mandibular
body.
The _______________________________serves as a movable base for the tongue and an attachment point for the neck
muscles that raise and lower the larynx when we swallow and speak.
Fetal Skull:
1)
2)
In a newborn, the skull also has fibrous regions that have yet to be converted to bone called_______________________.
The rhythm of the babies heart can be felt here.
These structures allow the fetal skill to be ____________________slightly during birth as well as become flexible to allow
the infant’s brain to grow during the later part of pregnancy and early infancy.