Phantom: Assessment of Options
Dentin Material
Option 1
Notes / Comments
Brick
Ceramic material, generally used in masonry
Description of Option
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Use of a non-biological material with properties similar to those of dentin
Fulfills all minimal needs
Difficult to manipulate
Cheap, readily available
High
The brick could be too difficult to manipulate into the shape
necessary for the design. The team agreed that similarity to human
mandibular bone is not necessary, rather a material that simply will
not allow ultrasound to propagate through it is required.
NOT VIABLE
Option 2
Notes / Comments
Cement
Description of Option
Solid mixture made from broken stone or gravel, generally used in
construction
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Use of a non-biological material with properties similar to those of dentin
Fulfills all minimal needs
Cheap, readily available, easily manipulated
High
VIABLE
Mandibular Bone Material
Option 1
Brick
Description of Option
Notes / Comments
Ceramic material, generally used in masonry
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Use of a non-biological material with properties similar to those of
mandibular bone
Fulfills all minimal needs
Difficult to manipulate
Cheap, readily available
High
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
The brick could be too difficult to manipulate into the shape
necessary for the design. The team agreed that similarity to human
mandibular bone is not necessary, rather a material that simply will
not allow ultrasound to propagate through it is required.
NOT VIABLE
Option 2
Notes / Comments
Aluminum Tubing
Metal, low density
Description of Option
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Use of a non-biological material with properties similar to those of
mandibular bone
Fulfills most minimal needs
Does not closely mimic mandibular bone
Cheap, comes in convenient shape
High
VIABLE
Gum Material
Option 1
Notes / Comments
Paraffin Wax
Soft solid, often used for candles and lubricants
Description of Option
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Use of a non-biological material with properties similar to those of
human gum tissue
Fulfills all minimal needs
Properties could vary with environment humidity, temperature, etc.,
could introduce extended assembly time
Cheap, readily available, easily manipulated
High
VIABLE
Option 2
Polyurethane
Description of Option
Notes / Comments
Synthetic resin, often used in paints
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Use of a non-biological material with properties similar to those of
human gum tissue
Fulfills all minimal needs
Properties could vary with environment humidity, temperature, etc.,
could introduce extended assembly time
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Cheap, readily available, easily manipulated
High
VIABLE
Phantom: Risk Assessment of Viable Options
Cement
1. Properties vary with mixture, might not resemble those of human dentin
Aluminum Tubing
1. Properties do not resemble those of human bone
2. Need a method for mounting to turn table
Paraffin Wax
1. Properties could vary with environmental conditions, thus not resembling those of human gums
2. Geometry could be altered when contacted by probe
3. Questionable accuracy with respect to thickness
Polyurethane
1. Properties could vary with environmental conditions, thus not resembling those of human gums
2. Geometry could be altered when contacted by probe
3. Questionable accuracy with respect to thickness
Positioning System: Assessment of Options
Device Used for Linear Motion
Option 1
Notes / Comments
Pre-Assembled Linear Rail
Basic Motor Controlled Linear actuator.
Description of Option
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Requires automated test moving 5-axis with a tolerance of 0.1mm
Fulfils all basic needs
Expensive, Cluttered assembly when multiple rails linked, less rigid
Potentially more accurate, very little assembly required
High
Too expensive for current budget
Not Viable
Option 2
Notes / Comments
Power Screw Assembly
Power screw linear motion system
Description of Option
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Requires automated test moving 5-axis with a tolerance of 0.1mm
Fulfils all basic needs
More machining required, more intensive assembly
Cheaper, more flexibility with design
High
VIABLE
Placement of Axes of Movement
Option 1
Static Tooth, 5 Axis Probe Motion
Description of Option
Notes / Comments
All tooth/probe relative motion controlled by probe, tooth static
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target Enterprise
Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further Analysis
Overall Viability
5 axis relative motion control required per customer needs
Fulfills all minimal needs
Cumbersome mechanical design and construction, added suspended
weight
Simplified design of tooth holding structure
High
Design requires more complex control and fastening structures than
a split motion design, additional suspended weight creates higher
motor torque requirements.
VIABLE, benefits not worth cost
Option 2
2 Axis on Tooth, 3 axis on probe
Description of Option
Notes / Comments
Longitudinal and yaw control on tooth, Lateral, Vertical, and Pitch on Probe
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
5 axis relative motion control required per customer needs
Fulfills all minimal needs
More complicated design of tooth holding structure, turntable suspension
and motor coupling mechanism become necessary
Less cumbersome mechanical design and construction, reduced suspended
weight in comparison to static tooth design
High
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
VIABLE, benefits outweigh cost
Positioning System: Risk Assessment of Viable Options
Power Screw Positioning System
1. Stainless steel threads need to be removed to fit into bearings, with a relatively tight tolerance on
the shaft diameter. May prove difficult to meet tolerances and machine.
2 Axes on Tooth – 3 Axes on Probe
1.
For every rotational movement of the turn table, a linear correction must be made with the probe
to maintain contact. May present challenges in controlling logic.
2. Turntable shaft needs to meet diameter tolerances of flange bearing. May present machining
challenges
Electrical: Assessment of Options
Arduino Board
Option 1
Notes / Comments
Arduino UNO
Low cost LabVIEW compatible microcontroller
Description of Option
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Require a form of microcontroller to handle logic and motor control
Fulfills all minimal needs
Only 6 Analog inputs, less digital inputs than others
About half the price of Arduino MEGA
High
VIABLE
Option 2
Arduino MEGA
Description of Option
Notes / Comments
LabVIEW compatible microcontroller
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Require a form of microcontroller to handle logic and motor control
Fulfills all needs
Double the price of Arduino UNO
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further Analysis
Overall Viability
Have more than needed amount of analog and digital inputs, ease of
configuration as a result
High
Recommend further cost analysis
VIABLE
Motor
Option 1
Notes / Comments
DC motor
Basic direct drive DC motor
Description of Option
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Requires automated test moving 5-axis
System requires a tolerance that may not be achievable through use of
basic motor
Precision of movement
Cheaper
High
Deemed not precise enough, better options exist
NON-VIABLE
Option 2
Servo Motor
Description of Option
Notes / Comments
90-180 degree servo motor
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Requires automated test moving 5-axis
Meets project needs for 2 of 5-axis
Limited to 90-180 degrees with feedback
Accurate positioning with feedback
High
VIABLE
Note: Viable Options are un-ranked at this stage
Option 3
Stepper Motor
Description of Option
Notes / Comments
Unipolar Stepper Motor
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Requires automated test moving 5-axis
Meets project needs for 3 of 5-axis
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Legal / Regulatory Fit
Impact
Potential Risks that impact the
ability to Deliver Desired
Business Outcomes
Fit to Project Constraint 1
Fit to Project Constraint 2
etc
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
No built in feedback
Ability to move .225 degrees with accuracy using a microstepper driver
High
VIABLE
Driver
Option 1
Notes / Comments
EasyDriver V4.4
Microstepping motor driver
Description of Option
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Requires automated test moving 5-axis
Meets requirements
Current limited to .750A
Cheap, modular, easily replaceable, performs 1/8, ¼, ½, or Full stepping
High
VIABLE
Travel Limit Detection
Option 1
Ping Sensor
Description of Option
Notes / Comments
Ultrasonic Rangefinder
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Meets need to positional feedback of 5-axis of motion
Could be utilized in combination with other methods for the accurate
feedback
Requires a solid service to reflect the signal from to get an accurate
reading.
Can cover a distance of 3cm – 2m
Medium
Further Analysis required. Need operational testing, cannot perform
until fixture is built.
Overall Viability
VIABLE
Option 2
Notes / Comments
Light to Voltage Diode
Basic light to voltage diode in casing
Description of Option
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Meets need to positional feedback of 5-axis of motion
Could be utilized in combination with other methods for the accurate
feedback
Requires separate casing and possibility of light contamination
Cheap, light, fast
Medium
Further Analysis required. Need operational testing, cannot perform
until fixture is built.
VIABLE
Option 3
Notes / Comments
Linear Potentiometer
Generic linear potentiometer to determine position
Description of Option
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Meets need to positional feedback of 5-axis of motion
Could be utilized in combination with other methods for the accurate
feedback
Expensive at times, will have to spring load and mount on front of cart
Accurate positional feedback
Medium
Further Analysis required. Need operational testing, cannot perform
until fixture is built.
VIABLE
Ultrasonic Probe
Option 1
Immersion Probe
Description of Option
Notes / Comments
High end 10MHz Ultrasonic Immersion Probe
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Requires 10MHz probe
Unknown until further testing is performed, meets 10MHz probe
parameter
Expensive
Smaller aperture
High
Further Analysis required. Need operational testing, cannot perform
until fixture is built.
Overall Viability
VIABLE
Option 2
Notes / Comments
Contact Probe
10MHz Contact Probe
Description of Option
Option Evaluation Criteria
Alignment with Desired Business
Objectives
Technical Fit to Target
Enterprise Architecture
Costs
Cost Benefit
Impact
Rationale for Rejection or for
Recommending further
Analysis
Overall Viability
Requires 10MHz probe
Unknown until further testing is performed, meets 10MHz probe
parameter
Contact probe not tuned to water like immersion probe
Cheaper, 90 angle on the head
High
Further Analysis required. Need operational testing, cannot perform
until fixture is built.
VIABLE
Electrical: Risk Assessment of Viable Options
Arduino UNO
1. Possibly might need more analog and digital inputs
2. Possibility of crosstalk from pins coupled with limited number of pins could cause an issue
3. Board requires special programming to interface with labview, if it somehow gets wiped it will no
longer respond
Arduino MEGA
1. More expensive – budgetary constraints
2. Commands might not be as interchangeable in practice as in theory
3. Bigger footprint
Servo Motor
3. If requiring more than 180 degrees of accurate movement these won’t work
4. Lower torque values
5. Not suitable if we need to move table less than 1 degree at a time
Stepper Motor
4. Overloading will cause gear slippage
5. Requires a separate driver to control
6. Heavy, may cause design issue with load bearing fixture points
EasyDriver V4.4
1. In testing blew up 2
2. Only able to supply current to .75 A
3. Current limiting pot on board is silkscreened backwards, can cause burning out of motor if
interpreted backwards
Ping Sensor
1. Possibly could interfere with probe
2. Requires a backstop to reflect signal off of
3. Expensive
Light to Voltage diode
1. Prone to light saturation
2. Contamination of light during test can throw readings off
3. Mounting and containment units a challenge
Linear Potentiometer
1. Expensive for long sizes
2. Would need to modify them to have a spring to enable us of a shorter one
3. Requires extra mounting to fixture outside of carriage to get appropriate length
Electrical: Recommended Options for Further Analysis


Probes require further testing to determine which will be the best fit
Distance sensors require real world testing to determine which will be the best fit