Young Children’s Program STUDENT HANDBOOK College of Education James Madison University www.jmu.edu/coe/ycp Licensed by the Virginia Department of Social Services Table of Contents WELCOME TO THE YOUNG CHILDREN’S PROGRAM! .................................................................................. 1 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION......................................................................................................................................... 2 PROGRAM GOALS........................................................................................................................................................ 2 CURRICULUM ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Assessment of Program Effectiveness in Meeting Goals for Families .................................................... 5 EXPECTATIONS FOR ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION ...................................................................... 6 GENERAL CLASSROOM GUIDELINES .................................................................................................................. 8 WHAT AM I SUPPOSED TO DO? ......................................................................................................................... 10 ART ACTIVITIES .................................................................................................................................................. 10 DRAMATIC PLAY ................................................................................................................................................. 11 BLOCKS (Unit and Large Hollow) ................................................................................................................. 12 WOODWORKING ................................................................................................................................................. 13 SENSORY PLAY ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 LOFT ROOM ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 SNACK ...................................................................................................................................................................... 15 GROUP TIME / WHOLE GROUP ACTIVITES .............................................................................................. 16 COURTYARD AND PLAYGROUND ................................................................................................................. 16 FIELD TRIPS .......................................................................................................................................................... 17 TEACHING TO ENHANCE DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING ................................................................... 18 BASIC GUIDELINES FOR TALKING WITH CHILDREN................................................................................ 22 APPENDIX 1 – Emergency Procedures ................................................ 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EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................................. 24 EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS ................................................................................................................... 25 Evacuation Maps.................................................................................................................................................. 26 PROCEDURES FOR SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES ............................................................................................... 27 CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT ............................................................................................................................ 27 DENTAL EMERGENCY – Child or Adult ...................................................................................................... 27 FIELD TRIP EMERGENCY ................................................................................................................................. 27 FIRE, BOMB THREAT, CHEMICAL SPILL .................................................................................................... 29 INTRUDER, VIOLENCE, OR THREAT OF VIOLENCE IN YCP FACILITIES ....................................... 30 INTRUDER, VIOLENCE, OR THREAT OF VIOLENCE IN ANTHONY-SEEGER HALL.................... 31 MEDICAL EMERGENCY – Child or Adult .................................................................................................... 32 MISSING CHILD .................................................................................................................................................... 33 NATURAL EMERGENCY .................................................................................................................................... 33 APPENDIX 2: Field Trip Policies And Procedures ...................................................................................... 36 APPENDIX 3: Manuscript Alphabet Guides................................................................................................... 37 APPENDIX 4: Classroom Inspection & Sanitation Checklists................................................................. 40 WELCOME TO THE YOUNG CHILDREN’S PROGRAM! The Young Children’s Program is a preschool for three and four-year old children. The three year-old class meets 8:45-11:15 AM and the four year-old class meets 12:15-2:45 PM, Monday through Friday. Many of the children attend the YCP for two years, beginning at age three and leaving when ready to enter kindergarten. The teachers also follow this progression, working with the same core group of children for a two-year period. The YCP is an environment specifically designed for young children. Opportunities for social interaction, independence and choice, physical activity, self-expression, language enrichment, and appropriate learning experiences are primary considerations as the teachers arrange the classroom and plan daily activities. The atmosphere is one of warmth and respect for all children. As a student, you are a vital and dynamic contributor to the Young Children’s Program. Your placement provides the setting needed for your course assignments, as well as the opportunity to learn as you work with the children and a master teacher. Because the current YCP facility includes the use of two classrooms, students have important responsibilities for supervision and appropriate interaction with the children. It is critical that you keep your dual role of observer/practicum student clearly in mind throughout the term and assume the professional obligations associated with these multiple responsibilities. It is expected that you will consistently demonstrate commitment to professional growth, as well as to the Young Children’s Program, its children, and their families. The opportunity to regularly observe children will help you relate developmental theory to classroom practice, understand the perspective of the young child, become familiar with methods and materials used in an early childhood learning environment, and sense the complexity and satisfaction of being a teacher of young children. WE WELCOME YOU! STAFF CONTACT INFORMATION Staff Member Position Email Address Phone Office Reece Wilson Coordinator wilsondr@jmu.edu 568-4525 Memorial 3130D Nancy Guerrier Teacher guerrinl@jmu.edu 568-6089 Anthony-Seeger 10 Donna Faulconer Teacher faulcodn@jmu.edu 568-6089 Anthony-Seeger 10 Kelly Rooney Teacher rooneykl@jmu.edu 568-6089 Anthony-Seeger 10 Debbie Wright Secretary wrightdc@jmu.edu 568-6292 Memorial 3100-A 568-6089 Anthony-Seeger 10 & 11 YCP Classrooms 1 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Young Children’s Program is an early learning program operated by the James Madison University College of Education. Its curriculum, environment, and organization are based on professional standards and established knowledge of how young children learn and develop. The program operates daily with a morning session for three-year-olds and an afternoon session for four-year-olds. Each class is led by master teachers. The Young Children’s Program recognizes that children’s development is best facilitated through cooperative efforts of families and school. Family members are welcome contributors to the ongoing curriculum and are encouraged to be involved in ways that support their children’s adjustment and growth. Avenues for communication are varied and personal in order to meet the needs of all families. In addition to providing a quality educational experience for children and their families, the Young Children’s Program serves as a laboratory site for JMU teacher education students. They provide assistance to the teachers and individual attention in ways that are positive and supportive to children. The YCP also serves as a setting for professional observation and research within the University community. The YCP is accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children and licensed as a child care facility by the Virginia Department of Social Services. PROGRAM GOALS The Young Children’s Program provides an environment designed to help each child: Grow in independence and self-sufficiency Develop enthusiasm and skills for learning Grow in the ability to interact positively with others Increase personal awareness and self-discipline Grow in the ability to use language effectively Value individual creativity and self-expression Construct knowledge through experience and inquiry Develop and refine motor skills Make choices that support personal wellness The Young Children’s Program provides an environment designed to help families: Participate meaningfully in their children’s educational experience Grow in their understanding of child development and appropriate early education Develop a support network with other families in the program Become more familiar with family support resources within the community 2 CURRICULUM The curriculum of the Young Children’s Program is dynamic, evolving, and personal. It is grounded in our mission to support the growth of children in all areas of development -- physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and linguistic. Professional training, skillful observation, and personal, caring relationships with each child and family enable teachers to make curricular decisions that facilitate optimal growth and learning. Program goals represent the areas of development and provide the framework of the curriculum. They are aligned with the Milestones of Child Development (VA Early Childhood Development Alignment Project, 2007) which define specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes appropriate for children ages 3 to 5 years of age in each developmental domain. All choices that relate to short-term and long-term planning reflect these goals, as well as the understanding that children construct knowledge through interaction with materials, people, and the environment. Therefore, play, investigation, communication, and reflection are daily experiences for children. The foundation of the curriculum is frequent, first-hand experiences within the classroom and the community. These experiences may take the form of special classroom activities or events, ongoing projects, field trips, walks to campus or community sites, or visitors to the school. Teachers then build on these concrete experiences by providing activities and materials which encourage growth and learning in the goal areas. These opportunities for creative expression, symbolic representation, individual research, social interaction, dramatic play, and the use of language and literature encourage meaningful learning because they are extensions of children’s personal experiences and are presented in a manner that is sensitive to each child’s level of understanding. Appropriate content knowledge identified in national and state standards in the areas of literacy, mathematics, science, and social studies is integrated into extension experiences. The physical environment of the Young Children’s Program is a critical component of the curriculum. The classrooms and outdoor learning spaces are designed to include a rich variety of materials that encourage meaningful exploration and play and, therefore, support learning and development in all program goal areas. The learning environment is constantly evolving. Teachers introduce new materials, develop unique interest areas, and display equipment in different ways to challenge children’s thought and motivate involvement. The organization and presentation of classroom materials contributes significantly to the overall curriculum; intentional decisions are made that support children’s cognitive development, as well as conceptual knowledge in the content areas. The daily schedule supports the program goals by providing routines that contribute to children’s feelings of security and purpose. Flexibility within the schedule supports growth in all goal areas and enables teachers to respond to the needs and involvement of the children at any time during the day. The majority of each session is dedicated to exploration and purposeful play. During this active time, children choose where they want to play and when they are ready to move to a new activity. Teachers encourage involvement in chosen activities for an amount of time appropriate for each child’s developmental level, but do not impose a scheduled rotation of activities. When possible, special activities or materials are available for consecutive days in order to encourage children’s involvement and in-depth investigation. The role of the teacher and support staff during this period is also active, moving among individuals or groups of children to provide supervision, observe children’s use of materials, or interact in ways that support the construction of knowledge, personal independence, and social growth. Classroom routines for 3 opening and concluding the session, preparing and eating snack, and the rotation of classroom responsibilities incorporate the use of written and oral language, numeracy, science, and social studies in concrete and meaningful ways. The success of a dynamic, child-centered curriculum is dependent on the teachers’ understanding of child development and their knowledge of individual children. YCP teachers know how young children learn and incorporate this understanding as they plan activities and provide materials that will be motivating and intellectually engaging. Every aspect of the curriculum, the classroom, and the daily routine reflects extensive knowledge of child development in all areas -physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and linguistic. In addition to facilitating meaningful planning, this knowledge provides teachers with a basis for assessing the development of individual children. The assessment informs and enables the planning of experiences that will support optimal learning and growth of each child. The final and most critical component of the Young Children’s Program curriculum is the demonstration of sincere respect for every child. It is each teacher’s responsibility to know the children personally -- their special interests, fears or needs for dependence, out-of-school routines and activities, and family dynamics. This is accomplished through consistent and meaningful interaction with each child, careful observation and assessment within the school environment, and the development of a cooperative and communicative relationship with all families. ASSESSMENT Assessment of children’s growth and learning is an integral part of the curriculum. The information learned through purposeful assessment enables teachers to plan experiences for children that are personally meaningful, appropriately challenging, and consistent with their level of understanding. For this reason, the YCP assessment program is specifically designed to facilitate the collection of data on each child’s growth in the developmental areas identified in the program goals. This is done through documentation of the observable knowledge, skills, and attitudes identified in the Milestones of Child Development (VA Early Childhood Development Alignment Project, 2007). Records are kept in individual assessment booklets and supported with samples of children’s work. Involvement of family members is a critical component of the assessment program because of the knowledge they can contribute toward a complete understanding of each child’s abilities, interests, and needs. The assessment process begins before the opening of school each fall as parents are given the opportunity to write an introduction to their child. The introduction form is a part of the registration packet mailed to each family during the summer and serves as a focus for the preschool conference of the teacher and parents. At that time, program goals are reviewed and family members are urged to be involved in supporting and documenting their child’s growth. Early in the school year, parents are also encouraged to collaborate with the teacher in determining individual goals for their child. These are recorded in the child’s assessment booklet. Progress toward the goals is discussed during formal conferences and appropriate revisions are made as necessary. Information about each child’s involvement in school activities is provided to families weekly and becomes part of the developmental portfolio. A written summary of growth and progress in all goal areas is maintained in the assessment booklets. These are discussed at least twice during the school year during formal conferences or more often if requested by a parent or teacher. 4 Because the YCP program goals for each child represent assessment in all developmental domains, the data collection process constitutes an effective screening instrument. However, a separate developmental checklist is completed within each child’s first three months of school attendance. If significant delays or areas of concern are recognized at this point or at any time during the child’s enrollment, they are summarized and shared with the parents. Appropriate resource professionals are consulted if necessary and an intervention plan is developed in consultation with the family. If efforts to facilitate progress are unsuccessful, appropriate referrals may be made. As much as possible, assessment of children in the YCP is conducted informally and as a part of their daily school activities. This is done through careful observation, collection of work samples, and the use of checklists and anecdotal notes. When assessment of specific, unobserved skills is necessary, it is conducted in an atmosphere that is supportive and enjoyable for the child. All written information collected on individual children in the YCP is confidential and is kept in a secure location. Access is limited to the child’s family, the teaching and administrative staff, and officials of regulatory agencies. In addition to facilitating individual growth and learning, the information compiled through consistent observation within the classroom is used to make decisions that result in the improvement of overall curriculum, teaching strategies, and classroom environment. Assessment of Program Effectiveness in Meeting Goals for Families ways: The effectiveness of the YCP in meeting its goals for families is assessed in the following An annual survey is conducted in the spring. This survey includes objective statements for response, as well as the opportunity for written feedback. Twice during the year contact is made with families for the specific purpose of soliciting feedback and ideas for program improvement. Because there is a family representative from each class on the YCP Advisory Council, it is a forum for input and suggestions for program direction and improvement. VA Early Childhood Development Alignment Project. (2007). Milestones of child development. Richmond, VA: VA Dept. of Social Services. 5 EXPECTATIONS FOR ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION 1. You are responsible for the information included in this handbook. Read it thoroughly before your first day of practicum and use it as a reference throughout the semester. 2. You are expected to attend every day you are scheduled to be at school, be punctual, and participate for the entire period. 3. DRESS PROFESSIONALLY! As a student in the YCP, you are expected to follow guidelines for appropriate dress. Failure to do so will result in a request for you to leave the classroom and will be considered an unexcused absence from practicum. Take cues from the teachers. Your dress does not have to be elaborate, but must be neat and professional. Aprons are available in the kitchen if you need to protect your clothing during messy activities. Be sure you are dressed to be actively involved with young learners and will be able to reach and bend without exposing undergarments, cleavage, or midriff. The following guidelines must be followed: NO short skirts NO low necklines NO tight slacks NO spaghetti straps NO exposed midriffs NO tee shirts with logos NO sweatshirts NO short shorts The classes go outside unless it is raining hard or extremely cold. Be sure you are dressed to be comfortable both indoors and outdoors. 4. Park in student lots only. The spaced immediately around Anthony Seeger are for faculty/staff and the YCP reserved spaces are for YCP parents only. If you park in either location, you WILL get a ticket. 5. Enter Anthony-Seeger Hall at the door nearest the playground (south side). Go to the student staff check-in area (the office/storage room) immediately. Sign the appropriate sheet, put on your name tag, and determine your area of responsibility for the day by selecting one of the clipboards in the clear file box. You are expected to be in the classroom and ready to participate at your assigned time. Failure to be punctual or stay for the full session will result in the drop of one letter off your final grade. 6. Wash your hands or use hand sanitizer as soon as you enter the classroom each day. 7. Wear your name tag at all times while working at the YCP. 6 8. Use Ms., Mr., or Mrs. when you address adults in front of the children. 9. Respect the confidentiality of information regarding children and their families during this and subsequent semesters. DO NOT discuss children in front of classmates, family members, other adults, or anyone who is not professionally associated with the Young Children’s Program. Conversations outside of school should be in professional settings only and MUST be private. If parents ask you for information about their child or another student, refer them to the teacher. 10. Children’s real names should NEVER be recorded in your data collection. A child’s name must be covered when scanning work samples (drawings, writing, etc.) to include in assignments. 11. Ask the teacher’s permission before taking photographs or videotaping children. 12. Cell phones should not be used while you are working at the YCP. If you must take one into the building, be sure the ringer is turned off and kept with your personal belongings. 13. Do not eat or chew gum while working at the YCP. Water bottles and coffee cups should be left with your personal belongings in the office. 14. Occasionally it is necessary for students to drive personal vehicles on field trips. You will never be asked to transport children, only other students. It is required that all persons traveling with the group wear seat belts. 15. If you must be absent from the YCP due to personal illness or emergency, notify your YCP teacher AND Dr. Wilson before school begins. Call the YCP (568-6089) and leave a message on the answering machine if a teacher is not present. E-mail Mrs. Guerrier, Mrs. Rooney and Dr. Wilson. Failure to follow this procedure will result in the drop of one letter off your final grade. 16. On or before the day immediately following your absence, discuss a make-up time with your teacher. Notify your supervisor of this date via email. Your final grade will be dropped one letter for each unexcused absence or absence not made up. 17. In the event of hazardous weather, the YCP follows cancellation decisions made by the Harrisonburg City Public Schools. Except under special circumstances, YCP closings are not announced specifically. HCPS cancellation announcements are available from the following sources: WHSV-TV website (www.whsv.com), WSVA radio (550 AM), and WHSV-TV (cable channel 11). When possible, announcements are also posted on the YCP website (www.jmu.edu/coe/ycp). In the event of early closures or delays in the Harrisonburg City Public School schedule, the following guidelines are followed: If HCPS runs on a one-hour delay, the YCP opens 9:45-11:15. If it opens later in the morning (2 hours delay), the morning class is cancelled, but the afternoon class meets according to the normal schedule. If HCPS closes during the school day, the YCP will not run the afternoon session. 7 18. You are not expected to attend school during official JMU closings. 19. Ask for suggestions and feedback throughout the semester. View input from your teacher or supervisor as an opportunity to learn and grow as an early educator. 20. YCP parents are always eager to know of students who are interested in babysitting. A list will be compiled early in the semester and shared with YCP families only. This is unrelated to your course requirements and you are under no obligation to participate. If you choose to babysit for families of children in your practicum class, remember that you are a member of the YCP professional staff and, therefore, discussion of other children in the program is not appropriate. 21. Visitors to the YCP must contact a teacher or the coordinator in advance. Once you have completed your participation this semester, visits to the YCP must be prearranged. GENERAL CLASSROOM GUIDELINES 1. Children must always be within “sight and sound” of a supervising adult. You must constantly be aware of the location of children, including those who are moving from one room to another or seeking privacy, and move accordingly in order to maintain a safe and responsive learning environment. 2. One of the most reliable ways of controlling the spread of germs is proper and consistent hand washing. This is expected of the children and must be modeled by all adults working in the YCP classroom. Children and adults must wash their hands or use hand sanitizer at the following times: Upon arrival at school After using the toilet After touching body fluids Before AND after preparing, serving, or eating food After playing in water shared by two or more people After handling animals or materials that may be contaminated by animals After playing outdoors Proper hand washing includes using liquid soap and running water, rubbing hands vigorously for at least 10 seconds, including the back of the hands, wrists, and between fingers. Following hand washing, a paper towel should be used to avoid contact with the spigot when turning off the water. A bottle of hand sanitizer is available above the snack table. Children use this only with adult assistance. 3. When speaking to individuals or a small group of children, position yourself on their eye level so that a loud voice is unnecessary and eye contact is natural. Even when speaking to the entire class, a soft voice is more effective. It is never appropriate for you to raise your voice to speak to children across the classroom; walk to them and kneel down to ensure eye contact before you begin talking. 8 4. Convey an attitude of warmth and acceptance. Children (AND adults) respond most favorably to someone they know cares for them. Smile a lot! Let everyone know you are happy to be at school and value them as individuals. 5. Be sensitive to cues from the children that your involvement is needed. Be responsive when they ask for assistance. However, your role is not to be their playmate or do things for children that they can do themselves. Talk with the teacher if you are uncertain about how much help to provide in specific situations. 6. Insist that rules are followed. Be firm and positive in your interactions. Do not end ANY directions with “OK?”. Remember, you are a teacher, not a “buddy.” Talk with the teacher about your role in situations of inappropriate behavior and keep the teacher informed of any problems you observe or help resolve. Never interfere with the teacher’s directions to the group or a specific child. 7. Avoid saying “Good job!” as a habitual response to children. Personalize your response by commenting specifically on what a child is saying or doing (“You are using lots of blue in your picture.” “You found your name on the snack list by yourself.”) 8. Be alert to ways you can be helpful to the teacher. Convey your willingness to assist in any way. 9. Always use proper manuscript print when writing on materials that will be used or seen by the children. Refer to Appendix 3 of this handbook. 10. In most cases, the children are encouraged to put away materials as they finish using them. Usually a reminder or an offer of assistance is all that is necessary. Do not take over clean-up for children, but realize that often they do need help. Refer to classroom labels to be sure materials are returned to the proper location. 11. There are three major areas of responsibility for the classroom environment that are shared by practicum students--Art Area and Water Room, Health and Safety, and Snack and Kitchen. There are checklists for each area on clipboards at the student check-in area. You are responsible for completing ALL items on your daily checklist. Some jobs must be done before the children arrive and some after the session is over. Checklist obligations should never take you away from your primary responsibility to assist the teacher and children. 12. Refrain from chatting with other students or congregating in clusters of adults. 13. Avoid standing as much as possible. If you are working on a written assignment, sit on a low chair or on the floor at a place that does not disrupt normal traffic flow or interfere with the children’s activities. DO NOT sit on tables, the large blocks, the slide, or other indoor or outdoor equipment. 14. When you are involved in a written assignment and prefer to not be disturbed, cover your name card with a red ribbon. These are kept on the bulletin board at the student check-in area. Before you begin, note how many students are already writing. It is important for there 9 to always be at least one student per classroom who is free to assist the teacher. Generally, it is advisable to begin your writing assignments as early in the session as possible. 15. If you want to discuss your observations or ask questions of the teacher, do so after the children leave. This will ensure appropriate privacy and allow the teacher time to give you a thoughtful response. Email communication is also welcome. 16. If you observe an incident in which a child is hurt or hurts others (verbally or physically) or you overhear a child share information that makes you uncomfortable, inform the teacher as soon as possible. If you cannot talk with the teacher before leaving, write a note and leave it in a private location for her. 17. If the telephone rings, answer, “Young Children’s Program…May I help you?” Unless it is an emergency, take a message for the teacher and tell the caller she will respond at the end of the session. 18. Visitors who enter the facility should be referred to the teacher immediately. 19. If a child is hurt seriously and emergency contacts cannot be reached, the teacher is required to accompany the child to the emergency room. If this happens, the remaining staff should notify the Early Childhood Education Office (568-6292 or 568-6255) and assume responsibility for the other children until an authorized adult arrives (refer to Appendix 1: Emergency Procedures in this handbook). 20. The YCP teachers expect that you will have questions and are strongly committed to supporting your growth as an early educator. Feel free to share openly with them and ask about situations you do not understand. If you have concerns, your initial step as a professional should be to discuss them with your teacher. WHAT AM I SUPPOSED TO DO? Specific Expectations for Involvement in Classroom Activities ART ACTIVITIES In all types of creative activities for young children, the process, not the product, is of primary importance. For this reason, we insist that you NEVER make models for the children to copy or draw pictures for them. When squeezing play dough, when sitting near a child using markers, or when observing children gluing collage materials, you may be tempted to show a child how to make the materials “look like something.” Children have the right to use the materials in their own way and will make that representational discovery in their own time. 1. When an activity is potentially messy, encourage the children to wear aprons. If a child resists, don’t insist. IF CHILDREN ARE WEARING LONG-SLEEVED SHIRTS, ROLL THEM UP TO THE ELBOWS. The children should return the aprons to the hooks when finished. (Adult-size aprons are available in the kitchen for your use.) 10 2. Children should always be seated when using scissors. Scissors should not be carried away from the art area. 3. A child using large amounts of glue may be reminded calmly, “It only takes a little bit to make it hold.” This is an understanding that comes with experience, so be patient and don’t be overly concerned about waste. 4. Do not draw for children! If a child asks you to draw something, say, “If I draw the picture, it will be mine. I’d love to see what you can draw” or “Drawings don’t always have to look like something. I’d like to watch what you choose to do with the markers.” 5. When children are painting at the easel, they are encouraged to work with only one color of paint at a time. When finished, that cup should be returned to the tray and another color chosen if desired. This allows the children a wider selection of colors and eliminates the problem of brush handles interfering as children paint. 6. As a child finishes painting, be sure his or her name is visible on the paper, then remove the painting from the easel (this should always be done by an adult). It may be necessary to remind the children to clean the area they were using “so it is ready for someone else to paint.” Wet cloths for this purpose are on the side of each easel. When the area is clean and dry, hang a new piece of paper on the easel. Extra paper is located in the lower drawers of the storage unit in the hallway. 7. Use the clothesline in front of the windows for hanging ONLY wet artwork that is not drippy. Art that is likely to drip should be placed on the cabinet in the water room or in the hallway beyond the glass partition (prop the door open so you are not locked out). Dry artwork can be put into cubbies, unless otherwise directed by the teacher. BE SURE THE CHILD’S NAME AND THE DATE ARE PRINTED NEATLY ON ALL ARTWORK. 8. Many children, particularly the older ones, will write their own names on their art. If you write for a child, do it only after the child’s work is completed. Added respect is communicated if you ask, “Where would you like me to write your name?” Please ask if you are in doubt about the spelling of a child’s name. Print appropriately (first letter capitalized, all others lower case) and neatly, using the manuscript alphabet page in this handbook as your guide for correct letter formation. The children’s names are posted throughout the classroom. 9. Children are free to select the play dough and toys they want from the art shelves. They may need to be reminded to put these materials away and return the dough to its airtight container when they are finished. 10. Different colors of play dough should not be mixed together unless otherwise directed by the teacher. DRAMATIC PLAY Be involved in a child’s play if he or she seems to really need or want you, but never lose sight of your supervisory role. Be sensitive to the child’s cues and 11 allow him or her to direct the play. Do your best to draw another child into the play and minimize (or eliminate) your role. 1. Children may need assistance with dress-up clothes. The clothes should be returned to the designated hooks as the children finish with them. Most of the clothes have loops sewn in the neckline so children can do this easily. 2. Note the storage labels on baskets and trays, as well as inside the wooden cabinets so you can help children locate what they need and return it to the proper place. Dishes and food containers should not be thrown randomly into the cabinets during clean-up. 3. Gun and weapon play is strongly discouraged. If you feel uncomfortable intervening in this kind of situation, or, if the children are unresponsive to your suggestions, let the teacher know immediately what is happening. 4. Avoid becoming involved in a captive role that allows children to take advantage of you (i.e., putting you in prison, tying your hands together, covering your eyes in any way). The focus of children’s play in a school setting should not be on domination of adults. BLOCKS (Unit and Large Hollow) The presence of an adult in or near the block area can encourage children to build. If you are with children who are building, be an interested listener and ask questions if it seems appropriate, but do not attempt to direct the play. Suggestions should be open-ended and respectful of the child as decision-maker. For example, you might say, “Will there be a place for the cows to sleep in your barn?” instead of, “Why don’t you build a stall for the cows to sleep in?” 1. Blocks should never be thrown, intentionally dropped, or pushed over. 2. Children should not walk on the unit blocks when wearing dress-up shoes. 3. As children begin to build, suggest that they work at least 18-24” away from the shelves (leave a “walking space”). Explain that if they are too close, someone may accidentally bump their building while getting blocks. 4. Encourage the children to take from the shelves the blocks they need “for right now,” rather than dumping large piles into the area. 5. If a block structure becomes the child’s height, an adult should stay in close proximity. Watch closely for structural flaws that could cause the blocks to fall unexpectedly. Buildings should be no higher than the child’s head. 6. When taking down buildings, blocks should be removed one at a time. Buildings should never be pushed over. If you anticipate this is about to happen, remind the children of the way it should be done and explain that crashing buildings is not safe because it can cause people to get hurt and it can damage the blocks. 12 7. If necessary, assist children in returning the blocks to their proper place. You may need to help the younger children or new builders to attend to the shape outlines on the cabinets or the floor. Make a game of “figuring out where they go” and working together, perhaps forming a “production line” with a group of children. Try handing blocks to a reluctant child to put on the shelf, working with one shape at a time. WOODWORKING 1. Check with the teacher about the number of children who can work in the area safely. Help children space themselves so they are a safe distance apart. 2. When the workbenches are in use, an adult should ALWAYS be nearby and supervising the children’s work carefully. 3. Tools and goggles are not to be used as play props or taken to other areas of the classroom without the approval of the teacher. 4. Tools must be used properly and only for their intended purpose. Before using any of the tools in this area, help the child put on and adjust the safety goggles. Wearing goggles is strongly encouraged. Before using a saw, wood must be secured with a C-clamp or vise. For younger children, wood should be clamped before nailing. Most will need assistance with this. When sawing, children should pull the saw back toward the body two or three times to make a groove in the wood. The blade should be at a right angle to the wood. If the saw blade bends or squeaks, it is being held improperly. Help children to reposition themselves and/or the saw if this happens. You may need to saw with them until they begin to feel the rhythm of sawing. When using a hammer, children should hold the nail and tap gently until it is set firmly. DO NOT hold a nail for a child. If you must, have the child place his or her fingers around yours (or you’ll be sorry…). To remove a nail, children should place the claw of the hammer (the back of the head) around the nail and PUSH the handle away from their bodies. Shorter children may need to stand on a large block when sawing or hammering. 13 5. If you give help with sawing or hammering, leave a short length for the children to finish so they will have a feeling of accomplishment with the activity. 6. Be sensitive to children’s feelings about what they are doing. If the children are becoming frustrated, a helpful question or suggestion may save the experience for them. Often children’s ideas about what they want to build are beyond their skill level. They may need help in rethinking what they want to do and feeling acceptance for the modification. (Some portions of this section are adapted from “Woodworking for Young Children,” a document written by Mrs. Mildred Dickerson.) SENSORY PLAY 1. If water or other wet material is in the table, be sure the children’s sleeves are rolled or pushed up as far as possible and remind them to wear a plastic apron. If a child resists, let the teacher know. 2. Materials (water, sand, grain, etc.) are to be used so they stay inside the tub. Assist children in cleaning up spills quickly using towels, a mop, or broom and dust pan. 3. Do not allow children to throw sand, water, or other materials from the table. If a reminder or request is not heeded, notify the teacher. 4. The children should wash their hands after playing in water. 5. The children should not add extra water, soap, or materials or toys from other areas without permission. When in doubt, stop the children and check with the teacher. LOFT ROOM Often students are needed to supervise children playing in the loft room while the teacher is in the main classroom. When you are asked to do this, remember that you are responsible for ALL the children playing there. Position yourself so you can maintain sight and sound supervision at all times and take initiative to ensure that play remains purposeful and safe. 1. The children must walk in the loft room. 2. Remind the children to put toys and materials away as they finish using them and check the floor for items that have been dropped. Assist them as needed in reading the storage labels and figuring out where things belong. It is NEVER appropriate for children to throw things onto a shelf randomly or walk away without cleaning up. Before leaving the room, you 14 should check all areas -- including the upper level of the loft -- to be sure materials are put away properly. Loft Only one child should be on the loft stairs at a time. Children should not climb or stand on any furniture in the loft. When standing in the loft, both feet should always be flat on the floor. Nothing should be thrown or dropped intentionally from the loft. Four children are allowed in the loft if playing alone. More are permitted only if an adult is with them. Slide Experimentation is permitted with the slide. However, careful supervision is required to ensure safety. Shoes must be worn on the slide. When taking large vehicles down the slide, the child must hold onto the vehicle and slide down with it. SNACK If you are responsible for snack, ask the teacher at the beginning of class for specific instructions for the day. Be sure to complete ALL steps on the checklist -- including washing dishes and putting away those from the previous class. 1. ADULTS AND CHILDREN MUST ALWAYS WASH THEIR HANDS OR USE HAND SANITIZER BEFORE AND AFTER PREPARING FOOD AND/OR EATING. 2. Involve as many children as possible. Ask for volunteers to prepare the snack and give opportunities to take part in stirring, measuring, mixing, pouring, counting, etc. Four children can sit at the table comfortably. 3. Cups tip over easily; this is a common occurrence. Assist the child as needed and comment, “Oh, accidents happen.” Encourage children to pour only half a cup of juice and keep the cup toward the center of the table. 4. Children are to help themselves to snack, but discourage a child from taking more than the stated amount unless permission has been given by the teacher. If children want more than one cup of juice, they may get water from the dispenser on the low cabinet beside the door. 15 5. Snacks are for the children. Adults may eat special snacks, but only if the teacher invites them to participate. 6. When children finish eating, they are to throw away any trash, wipe their places at the table, and wash their dishes in the kitchen sink. An adult must always be with a child when washing dishes. 7. Children with allergies or other dietary restrictions may sometimes require modified snacks. Specific instructions for these children are posted in the kitchen and must be strictly followed. 8. The snack area should be swept and the tables cleared and thoroughly cleaned after all children have eaten. All dishes should be washed and rinsed in bleach solution and placed in the rack to air dry. GROUP TIME / WHOLE GROUP ACTIVITES 1. At least one adult should be in the group meeting area as children begin to transition there. Practice transition activities and/or read books to the children until the teacher assumes responsibility. 2. Sit directly behind the children and encourage them to listen and participate by modeling attentive behavior and participating in songs and finger plays. 3. Help to prevent problems by sitting with children who need support in this setting. 4. When children are distracted or disruptive: Stay next to them or offer your lap to sit in, even if you have to move away from one child to supervise others. Position yourself between children who are socializing and separate them if necessary. Help children participate in songs or finger plays, positioning their fingers, hands, etc. to accompany the group. COURTYARD AND PLAYGROUND 1. Adults should not congregate while outdoors. Your role is to ensure the safety of the children as they are involved in active play, so student staff should be stationed throughout the playground and/or courtyard area in order to supervise appropriately. 2. Having an adult within sight and sound of every child is as critical outdoors as it is indoors. If a child leaves the area you are supervising, be sure to communicate with the person who should take over supervision responsibilities. If both the courtyard and playground are being used for outdoor play, report the number of children in your area to the teacher frequently. 3. Don’t yell across the play area. Walk to a child and get his or her attention before giving directions. 16 4. Tricycles are used in the courtyard only and should never be ridden into equipment, walls, or each other. 5. Sand, gravel, and mulch should never be thrown and must be kept in the designated areas. 6. Children should not play in the storage shed. 7. Adults should sit on the porch swing only if children invite them and are NEVER to swing on the small swings, use the slide, ride the tricycles, or climb on equipment. 8. The swing area must be supervised closely. Redirect children who are running close to the path of others who are swinging. 9. Children should always be seated when using the swings. When pushing inexperienced children on a swing, be cautious and insist they hold the chains with both hands at all times. It may help to say to the child, “Tell me when you are ready for a push.” 10. Digging must be done in the designated areas only. 11. DIGGING TOOLS SHOULD NOT BE RAISED HIGHER THAN THE CHILD’S WAIST. 12. Assist children in putting equipment in the storage shed at the end of the period. 13. Adults should never swing children around in a circle by hanging onto their hands. 14. Each day a staff member is assigned to rake the playground gravel to assure it is the required depth (12” in lower area around slide, 6” in upper area). Pay particular attention to high traffic locations such as the bottom of the slide and under swings, metal climber, and fire pole. FIELD TRIPS The teachers make every effort to schedule field trips and special visitors on different days of the week. This enables as many students as possible to be involved without infringing on the time needed for specific assignments. We will notify you of these events as far in advance as possible, but sometimes plans must be flexible. A field trip is a time when you should be particularly helpful to your teacher. She may give you a specific responsibility for the entire session and it may be necessary for you to be present longer than your assigned time if your schedule allows. Writing during a field trip is difficult. If you need additional observation time, arrange this with your teacher. 1. Before attending your first field trip, read the YCP Field Trip Policies and Procedures (Appendix 2). If you have any questions about this information, contact the teacher. 2. BE ON TIME! Be sure you understand where you are to meet the class and if a particular type of dress is necessary. 3. If you are asked to drive on a field trip, be sure you understand where you are going, who is going with you, and where you are to park. 17 4. As children arrive at the trip site, assist the teacher as needed. This may involve supervising a small group of children as they wait for others to arrive. This is a good time to use songs and transitions you’ve learned in class, play simple guessing games, or initiate personal conversations. 5. If you assist with unloading children from a vehicle, position yourself so you can prevent accidental running into the parking lot or traffic area. Children must always be near an adult. 6. You will be assigned to assist a parent volunteer with a small group of children. The two of you should assume responsibility for the safety and behavior of your group. Keep the children together at all times. 7. The teacher will have specific objectives for the trip and will share ways you can support the learning opportunities it offers. Talk with your group about what you are experiencing, ask questions to extend the children’s thinking, and help to position children in ways that enable everyone to be involved as meaningfully as possible. 8. If snack is served on a field trip, assist the teacher with distribution and clean up. 9. You may take pictures as long as it does not interfere with your ability to supervise and support your group of children. 10. Avoid carrying children unless it is absolutely necessary. 11. Follow the teacher’s lead at all times. The teaching staff is ultimately responsible for the safety and behavior of all children participating in the trip. You must assume this responsibility -- even if it means directing a child whose parent is present. 12. On walking trips the teacher will assign several children to you. You are to stay near these children at all times. You must hold their hands when crossing streets. Position yourself so you are on the side next to the street when walking on the sidewalk. DO NOT ALLOW CHILDREN TO RUN AHEAD OF YOU. TEACHING TO ENHANCE DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING From Section 2, Guidelines for Decisions About Developmentally Appropriate Practice (Bredekamp & Copple, 1997) Adults are responsible for ensuring children's healthy development and learning. From birth, relationships with adults are critical determinants of children's healthy social and emotional development and serve as well as mediators of language and intellectual development. At the same time, children are active constructors of their own understanding, who benefit from initiating and regulating their own learning activities and interacting with peers. Therefore, early childhood teachers strive to achieve an optimal balance between children's self-initiated learning and adult guidance or support. Teachers accept responsibility for actively supporting children's development and provide occasions for children to acquire important knowledge and skills. Teachers use their knowledge of 18 child development and learning to identify the range of activities, materials, and learning experiences that are appropriate for a group or individual child. This knowledge is used in conjunction with knowledge of the context and understanding about individual children's growth patterns, strengths, needs, interests, and experiences to design the curriculum and learning environment and guide teachers' interactions with children. The following guidelines describe aspects of the teachers' role in making decisions about practice: A. Teachers respect, value, and accept children and treat them with dignity at all times. B. Teachers make it a priority to know each child well. C. 1. Teachers establish positive, personal relationships with children to foster the child's development and keep informed about the child's needs and potentials. Teachers listen to children and adapt their responses to children's differing needs, interests, styles, and abilities. 2. Teachers continually observe children's spontaneous play and interaction with the physical environment and with other children to learn about their interests, abilities, and developmental progress. On the basis of this information, teachers plan experiences that enhance children's learning and development. 3. Understanding that children develop and learn in the context of their families and communities, teachers establish relationships with families that increase their knowledge of children's lives outside the classroom and their awareness of the perspectives and priorities of those individuals most significant in the child's life. 4. Teachers are alert to signs of undue stress and traumatic events in children's lives and aware of effective strategies to reduce stress and support the development of resilience. 5. Teachers are responsible at all times for all children under their supervision and plan for children's increasing development of self-regulation abilities. Teachers create an intellectually engaging, responsive environment to promote each child's learning and development. 1. Teachers use their knowledge about children in general and the particular children in the group as well as their familiarity with what children need to learn and develop in each curriculum area to organize the environment and plan curriculum and teaching strategies. 2. Teachers provide children with a rich variety of experiences, projects, materials, problems, and ideas to explore and investigate, ensuring that these are worthy of children's attention. 3. Teachers provide children with opportunities to make meaningful choices and time to explore through active involvement. Teachers offer children the choice 19 to participate in a small-group or a solitary activity, assist and guide children who are not yet able to use and enjoy child-choice activity periods, and provide opportunities for practice of skills as a self-chosen activity. 4. D. E. F. Teachers organize the daily and weekly schedule and allocate time so as to provide children with extended blocks of time in which to engage in play, projects, and/or study in integrated curriculum. Teachers make plans to enable children to attain key curriculum goals across various disciplines, such as language arts, mathematics, social studies, science, art, music, physical education, and health. 1. Teachers incorporate a wide variety of experiences, materials and equipment, and teaching strategies in constructing curriculum to accommodate a broad range of children's individual differences in prior experiences, maturation rates, styles of learning, needs, and interests. 2. Teachers bring each child's home culture and language into the shared culture of the school so that the unique contributions of each group are recognized and valued by others. 3. Teachers are prepared to meet identified special needs of individual children, including children with disabilities and those who exhibit unusual interests and skills. Teachers use all the strategies identified here, consult with appropriate specialists, and see that the child gets the specialized services he or she requires. Teachers foster children's collaboration with peers on interesting, important enterprises. 1. Teachers promote children's productive collaboration without taking over to the extent that children lose interest. 2. Teachers use a variety of ways of flexibly grouping children for the purposes of instruction, supporting collaboration among children, and building a sense of community. At various times, children have opportunities to work individually, in small groups, and with the whole group. Teachers develop, refine, and use a wide repertoire of teaching strategies to enhance children's learning and development. 1. To help children develop their initiative, teachers encourage them to choose and plan their own learning activities. 2. Teachers pose problems, ask questions, and make comments and suggestions that stimulate children's thinking and extend their learning. 20 G. 3. Teachers extend the range of children's interests and the scope of their thought through presenting novel experiences and introducing stimulating ideas, problems, experiences, or hypotheses. 4. To sustain an individual child's effort or engagement in purposeful activities, teachers select from a range of strategies, including but not limited to modeling, demonstrating specific skills, and providing information, focused attention, physical proximity, verbal encouragement, reinforcement and other behavioral procedures, as well as additional structure and modification of equipment or schedules as needed. 5. Teachers coach and/or directly guide children in the acquisition of specific skills as needed. 6. Teachers calibrate the complexity and challenge of activities to suit children's level of skill and knowledge, increasing the challenge as children gain competence and understanding. 7. Teachers provide cues and other forms of "scaffolding" that enable the child to succeed in a task that is just beyond his or her ability to complete alone. 8. To strengthen children's sense of competence and confidence as learners, motivation to persist, and willingness to take risks, teachers provide experiences for children to be genuinely successful and to be challenged. 9. To enhance children's conceptual understanding, teachers use various strategies that encourage children to reflect on and "revisit" their learning experiences. Teachers facilitate the development of responsibility and self-regulation in children. 1. Teachers set clear, consistent, and fair limits for children's behavior and hold children accountable to standards of acceptable behavior. To the extent that children are able, teachers engage them in developing rules and procedures for behavior of class members. 2. Teachers redirect children to more acceptable behavior or activity or use children's mistakes as learning opportunities, patiently reminding children of rules and their rationale as needed. 3. Teachers listen and acknowledge children's feelings and frustrations, respond with respect, guide children to resolve conflicts, and model skills that help children to solve their own problems. NAEYC. (1997) Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth Through Age 8. Retrieved August 11, 2007 from http://www.naeyc.org/about/positions/dap4.asp. 21 BASIC GUIDELINES FOR TALKING WITH CHILDREN (Mooney, 2005, pp. 18-20) Make sure you have the child’s attention before you begin to speak. This is easier if you are close to the child and down on her level. A gentle hand on her arm might help, too, depending on the child and the situation. Always get down to a child’s level when talking to her. If sitting on the floor or squatting is uncomfortable for you, try keeping a chair handy. Remember that body language, tone of voice, and facial expression affect the message you deliver. The same phrase can be reassuring or threatening depending on how you say it. Words matter. Your expression and tone of voice matter just as much, and sometimes more. Use simple words and short sentences. Avoid idioms and shortcuts. Try to say exactly what you mean as clearly as possible. If you do use idioms, watch for signs of confusion, and be prepared to explain them. Don’t be wishy-washy. If you mean no, say it. If you say no, mean it! Don’t ask a question or offer a choice when there isn’t one. Let children know clearly what you need from them. In particular, avoid using “okay?” at the end of directives, as in “It’s clean-up time, okay?” Don’t ask questions to which you already know the answer. This applies to managing behavior as well as concept development. Don’t ask a child, “Is that the way we treat our friends?” You already know that pushing another child is not a good way to treat him, but a young child doesn’t yet. Likewise, there are better ways to develop children’s thinking skills than to ask them questions about numbers and colors and letters to which you already know the answer. If you must interrupt children, remember they deserve the same courtesy adults expect. Say something like, “Excuse me, I need you in the book corner now, please.” Teach please, thank you, I’m sorry, you’re welcome, and other niceties by your own modeling rather than prodding with that old “What do you say?” Use praise in moderation and only when it is sincere and truly called for. When you are praising a child, be specific—for example, instead of just saying, “Good job!” follow it with the appreciated behavior: “Good job picking up the blocks.” Better yet, avoid praise altogether, and comment on or thank the child for the work she did. For example, “You did a lot of work picking up those blocks,” or “Thank you for picking up so many blocks. Look how much space there is now!” Mooney, C. (2005). Use your words. St. Paul, MN: Redleaf Press. 22 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Young Children’s Program James Madison University Anthony-Seeger Hall 821 South Main Street Harrisonburg, VA 22807 Phone: 540-568-6089, 540-568-6800 23 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES General Procedures In the event of any emergency, a teacher, administrator, or student staff member will contact the JMU emergency authorities (8-6911 from a campus phone, 540-568-6911 from non-campus or cell phones) as soon as possible. The Early Childhood Education Office (568-6292, 568-6255) and the Young Children’s Program Coordinator (820-3501, 568-6800, 828-3502) will be contacted to communicate with families regarding the location and procedures for picking up children. Recommendations of campus and local security officials will be followed. An alarm system in Anthony-Seeger Hall signals the need for evacuation of the building. This alarm can be activated throughout the building, including the YCP wing. Evacuation can also be mandated by a code phrase known to staff members. Evacuation routes for persons in the Young Children’s Program are posted inside each classroom door. The primary means of egress is through the main entrance doors to the program at the bottom of the stairs. The secondary route is through the glass doors and down the stairs past The Breeze office. If multiple exits must be used, the meeting location is the white railing between the west playground fence and the University Services Building. If alternative shelter is needed in the event of an emergency, students and staff of the Young Children’s Program will move to the University Services Building, Room 102 (University Training Center). This room is located on the ground floor of the USB near the Warsaw Avenue Parking Deck exit. This exit will serve as the primary egress; secondary will be the main USB entrance in the front of the building. If time allows, campus police will be asked to escort the evacuation. If it becomes necessary for children to be picked up from this location, the following instructions will be given: Turn off South Main Street onto Warsaw Avenue; park in the parking deck. Enter the south door of the University Services Building and go downstairs to the ground floor. Room 102 is the first room on the left. When it becomes necessary for a teacher or staff member to move children from YCP facilities, the following items should be taken along if it is possible without endangering the safety of students or staff. These items should be prepared for easy access in emergencies. student attendance sheets or a class roster staff attendance sheets emergency procedure instructions emergency contact forms for students and staff child release authorization forms vital healthcare supplies (those required for treatment of emergency reactions to chronic health conditions) a cell phone, if available As soon as possible during an emergency and at frequent intervals, the teacher or a designee should use the student and staff attendance sheets to determine if all persons are accounted for. If it is not possible to secure the attendance sheets before evacuation, determine the number of children in the group as quickly 24 as possible and take frequent head counts to assure that all are accounted for. If, at any point, a child or staff member becomes missing, this should be reported immediately to the emergency authorities. Children will remain in the care of a YCP staff member or College of Education official until released to a parent or authorized person. If, after a reasonable amount of time and repeated attempts to reach all persons on the Emergency Contact and Child Release Authorization forms, local police will be contacted for assistance in locating the child’s family. In the event of any emergency, the safety of the children will be the primary consideration. In situations not addressed in the following procedures or in which situational factors dictate alternative action, teachers will make decisions that are most likely to minimize the danger to children and staff. A consistent effort will be made to avoid alarming children excessively. (Plans for preparing and responding to emergency situations have been developed in consultation with the JMU Office of Public Safety.) EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS From Campus Phones JMU Emergency Authorities Harrisonburg Emergency Authorities Harrisonburg Police Department Poison Control Center From NonCampus Phones 8-6911 540-568-6911 9-911 911 9-434-4436 434-4436 9-1-800-222-1222 1-800-222-1222 Harrisonburg/Rockingham Health Department 9-574-5100 574-5100 Harrisonburg/Rockingham Social Services 9-574-5100 574-5100 Child Abuse and Neglect Hotline 9-1-800-522-7096 1-800-522-7096 VA Dept. of Social Services, Richmond Office 9-1-800-522-3431 1-800-522-3431 8-6292, 86255 8-7671 568-6292, 5686255 540-568-7671 JMU Early Childhood Education Office YCP Coordinator, Reece Wilson ALTERNATIVE SHELTER LOCATIONS University Services Building, Room 102 Duane Swanson, contact 8-3766 568-3766 Grace Street House Reid Linn or Kathy Thompson, contacts 8-6131, 8-3423 568-6131, 568-3423 25 Evacuation Maps SHELTER-IN-PLACE LOCATION Basement Hallway, West Wing, Anthony-Seeger Hall (for evacuation due to weather emergencies or when it is necessary to evacuate the classroom and remain in the building) ALTERNATIVE SHELTER Room 102, Ground Level University Services Building (for emergencies that require evacuation of YCP facilities) FIRST FLOOR (North) Stairs Hall Hall Bathroom Bathroom Water Room Kitchen YCP loft room #10 YCP Classroom #11 Go in the side entrance of the University Services Building (nearest the playground) and down the stairs to the ground floor level. (South) Walk to the end of the hall. Room 102 (the University Training Center) is the last room on the right (nearest Warsaw Avenue.) BASEMENT (North) Hall Hall Housekeeping office – G99A Electrical Room – G99B Electrical Vault Bathroom Electrical Room (South) 26 PROCEDURES FOR SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT In the event abuse or neglect of a YCP child is suspected, the following procedure will be followed: Who is responsible? What should be done? Any person suspecting that a child at the Young Children’s Program is a victim of child abuse or neglect shall notify a teacher and/or the Coordinator. A teacher or the Coordinator must promptly notify the Virginia Department of Social Services, Child Protective Services, or if the child is in immediate danger, the local police. The teacher shall keep accurate records of all suspicious incidents, language, or physical markings that may indicate abuse. all staff teacher or coordinator teacher Phone numbers for reporting child abuse: Child Abuse and Neglect Hotline VA Dept. of Social Services, Richmond Office Harrisonburg/Rockingham Social Services Harrisonburg Police Department 1-800-522-3200 1-800-225-2042 574-5100 434-4436 teacher or coordinator Staff who report suspicions of child abuse or neglect are immune from discharge, retaliation, or other disciplinary action for that reason alone unless it is proven that the report is malicious. DENTAL EMERGENCY – Child or Adult In the event of a dental emergency, the following procedures will be followed: What should be done? Attend immediately to the person needing dental care. (If possible, this should be done by the teacher or another adult trained in first aid). Take steps to stop any bleeding and make the person as comfortable as possible. Move the other children to a different room if possible in order to enable proper care and avoid alarming them excessively. Arrange for adequate supervision of all children. Contact the family member(s) of the person needing care (using the Emergency Information form). Communicate the nature of the emergency and your exact location. Suggest that the family member contact the person’s dentist for instructions. If a tooth has been knocked out, retrieve it if possible and rinse while holding it by the crown. Do not scrub it or remove any attached tissue fragments. Place the tooth in a small container of milk (or a cup of water that contains a pinch of table salt if milk is not available). Keep the person as comfortable as possible and follow any instructions provided by the dentist until a family member arrives. Who is responsible? teacher/staff staff teacher or designee teacher or designee teacher or designee 27 FIELD TRIP EMERGENCY If an emergency occurs on a YCP field trip, the following procedure will be followed. What should be done? Who is responsible? Teachers will always communicate with families prior to field trips. Communication will include the destination, date, departure and return times, and scheduled activities. teacher Before leaving on a trip, volunteers and student staff will be given in writing the following information: the names of children for whom they are responsible, the location of emergency contact information and first aid supplies, and the phone numbers of Early Childhood Office staff and the YCP Coordinator. teacher Before leaving on a trip, a notice will be posted on the main entrance door indicating the destination, departure and return times, and a contact phone number. teacher The teacher shall carry a list of all children, staff, and volunteers participating in the trip, emergency contact information for all children and staff, first aid supplies, the phone numbers of Early Childhood Office staff and the YCP Coordinator, and a cellphone if possible. teacher When traveling by bus or car, all children on YCP field trips must be in compliance with Virginia car seat and seat belt laws. Families are expected to provide approved child safety seats. The adults transporting children to school on field trip days are responsible for proper installation of these seats. teacher or designee In the event of an emergency during a field trip, children will be removed from the scene to a safe location as quickly as possible. Staff and volunteers should assume responsibility for the children on their lists and other children if necessary because of adult injuries. Appropriate emergency authorities should be called. When emergency personnel arrive, follow their instructions related to the location, safety, and dismissal of children from the scene. If a child is injured, the parents should be called immediately and provided with specific information about the child’s location and plans for transporting the child to the hospital if necessary. If parents of an injured child cannot be reached or it is necessary for the child to be transported to the hospital before parents arrive, a staff member should be designated to accompany the child and rescue personnel. Contact the Early Childhood Education Office and communicate details of the emergency and the names of children, staff, and volunteers present. Direct that parents should be called to pick up their children at the present location (provide specific directions). Leave a phone number for communicating with the teacher or a staff member. If an adult has been injured and is being transported to the hospital, request help in contacting family members. Contact Reece Wilson, YCP Coordinator, to inform him of the existing emergency. Contact parents using the Emergency Contact Forms. If neither of the child’s parents can be reached, attempt to contact other persons authorized to pick up the child. teacher, staff, and volunteers teacher or designee teacher and staff teacher teacher or designee ECED office staff ECED office staff or 28 Continue efforts to reach a parent or authorized person as long as possible. Contact the family of injured children and adults as necessary. As parents or authorized persons arrive, record the name of the person who picks up each child. Children should remain in the care of the YCP teacher until released to a parent or authorized person. If, after a reasonable amount of time and attempts to reach all persons on the Emergency Contact and Child Release Authorization forms, the teacher will contact local police for assistance in locating the child’s family. designee teacher or designee teacher FIRE, BOMB THREAT, CHEMICAL SPILL In the event of a fire, bomb threat, chemical spill, or other emergency that requires evacuation of Anthony-Seeger Hall, the following procedure will be followed: What should be done? Who is responsible? If the emergency occurs in the YCP classrooms, notify staff and children and direct them to move toward exit doors. Student staff should immediately assume responsibility for the children in the areas they are supervising. If the emergency occurs at other locations in the building, notification will be made by the building alarm system. teacher Direct an adult to check all classroom, bathroom, hall, office, and closet areas to assure that all persons leave the building. teacher Contact emergency services. teacher or designee Alert others in the building by activating the alarm system. teacher or designee Secure essential documents and a cellphone, if possible. teacher or designee Follow the safest evacuation route based on the location of the emergency. teacher Meet at the designated meeting area. teacher Take attendance and/or a head count of students and staff. Notify emergency authorities of any missing person as soon as possible. teacher If shelter or evacuation from the area is necessary, move children and staff to Room 102 on the ground floor of the University Services Building or the location directed by local emergency personnel. Upon arrival, again take attendance or a head count. teacher 29 Use a cell phone or office phone in the USB to contact the Early Childhood Education Office and communicate details of the emergency and the names of children present. Direct that parents should be called to pick up their children at the USB location. Leave a phone number for communicating with the teacher or a staff member. Contact Reece Wilson, YCP Coordinator, to inform him of the existing emergency. teacher or designee ECED office staff Contact parents using the Emergency Contact Forms. If neither of the child’s parents can be reached, attempt to contact other persons authorized to pick up the child. Continue efforts to reach a parent or authorized person as long as possible. ECED office staff or designee Designate a staff member to stand at the door on the Patterson Street entrance to watch for parents and escort children to their vehicles. Use the student attendance sheet (or a blank piece of paper if it is unavailable) to record who picks up each child. teacher Children should remain in the care of the YCP teacher until released to a parent or authorized person. If, after a reasonable amount of time and repeated attempts to reach all persons on the Emergency Information and Child Release Authorization forms, the teacher will contact local police for assistance in locating the child’s family. teacher INTRUDER, VIOLENCE, OR THREAT OF VIOLENCE IN YCP FACILITIES In the event of an intruder, violence, or threat of violence in YCP facilities, the following procedure will be followed: What should be done? Who is responsible? All persons unknown to the teacher who enter YCP facilities should immediately be approached and asked the reason for their presence. Persons without justification should be asked to leave. If the tone of the conversation between the teacher and the person indicates reason for concern OR the teacher communicates the emergency code statement either verbally or in writing OR a violent act occurs, staff members should immediately assume responsibility for the children in the areas they are supervising, and assuring that all children are included, move them to a location as far away from the scene as safely possible. If it is possible to leave the building, move children to Room 102 on the ground floor of the University Services Building. If it is necessary to stay in Anthony-Seeger, an ideal location is a windowless room that can be locked from the inside (basement is desirable). If possible, children should be seated out of visual range of a person entering the room. Secure essential documents and a cellphone if safely possible. teacher Upon arrival at a safe location, take attendance and/or a head count of students and staff. One staff member should attempt to notify emergency authorities regarding the situation and any missing individuals. The location of the teacher AND the children/staff should be communicated, in addition to a contact phone number if possible. Emergency personnel should also be directed to contact the Early Childhood Education Office so appropriate information can be communicated to parents and the YCP Coordinator. staff staff member staff member 30 Contact Reece Wilson, YCP Coordinator, to inform hin of the existing emergency and, if possible, to meet the staff and children. Contact parents using the Emergency Information forms. If neither of the child’s parents can be reached, attempt to contact other persons authorized to pick up the child. Continue efforts to reach a parent or authorized person as long as possible. ECED office staff ECED office staff or designee Be calm and reassuring to the children in order to avoid alarming them excessively. staff Follow the instructions of emergency personnel related to the location, safety, and dismissal of the children to their parents or authorized persons. staff Use the student attendance sheet (or a blank piece of paper if it is unavailable) to record the name of the person who picked up each child. staff Children should remain in the care of a YCP staff member until released to a parent or authorized person. Staff members may be replaced by the teacher (if available), the YCP Coordinator, or other College of Education official. If, after a reasonable amount of time and repeated attempts by the ECED Office to reach all persons on the Emergency Information and Child Release Authorization forms, local police will be contacted to provide assistance in locating the child’s family. Staff member, teacher, coordinator, or COE official INTRUDER, VIOLENCE, OR THREAT OF VIOLENCE IN ANTHONY-SEEGER HALL In the event of an intruder, violence, or threat of violence in Anthony-Seeger Hall (other than the YCP facilities) or a local terrorist event, the following procedure will be followed: What should be done? If word is received through code statement or otherwise that there is an intruder in the building, children should be moved to the closest space that has limited hall access (the water room off Room 10 or the office/closet off Room 11). Children should be seated out of visual range of a person entering the room as effectively as possible and doors should be locked. Secure essential documents and a cellphone if possible. An adult should check all classroom, bathroom, hall, office, and closet areas. Who is responsible? teacher or designee staff member Take attendance and/or a head count of students and staff. teacher or designee If a telephone is available, contact emergency authorities to notify them of the situation, your location, any missing individuals, and a contact phone number. Emergency personnel should also be directed to contact the Early Childhood Education Office so appropriate information can be communicated to parents and the YCP Coordinator. teacher or designee Contact Reece Wilson, YCP Coordinator, to inform him of the existing emergency. Contact parents using the Emergency Information Forms. If neither of the child’s parents can be reached, attempt to contact other persons authorized to pick up the child. Continue efforts to reach a parent or authorized person as long as possible. ECED office staff ECED office staff or designee 31 Follow the instructions of emergency personnel related to the location, safety, and dismissal of the children to their parents or authorized persons. teacher or designee Use the student attendance sheet (or a blank piece of paper if it is unavailable) to record the name of the person who picked up each child. Teacher or designee Children should remain in the care of the YCP teacher until released to a parent or authorized person. If, after a reasonable amount of time and repeated attempts to reach all persons on the Emergency Contact and Child Authorization forms, local police will be contacted to provide assistance in locating the child’s family. teacher MEDICAL EMERGENCY – Child or Adult In the event of a medical emergency, the following procedures will be followed: What should be done? Who is responsible? Attend immediately to the person needing medical care. (If possible, this should be done by the teacher or another adult trained in first aid and CPR.) Avoid moving the person unless necessary to ensure safety. If the person is a child with an emergency care plan for a known medical condition, follow the procedures outlined in the plan. teacher/staff Contact JMU PD Dispatch, 8-6911 or 568-6911, and they will notify appropriate emergency medical authorities. staff member Move the other children to a different room if possible in order to enable proper care and avoid alarming them excessively. Arrange for adequate supervision of all children. staff Contact the family member(s) of the person needing care (using the Emergency Information form). Communicate the nature of the emergency, your exact location, and that emergency medical personnel have been called. Determine whether the family member will meet the child or adult at Rockingham Memorial Hospital or come to the YCP. If the family member cannot reach the YCP before emergency medical personnel are ready to transport, the teacher should accompany a child to RMH and stay until a family member arrives. All health documents provided by the family should be taken by the teacher to the hospital. If the person needing care is an adult, the Coordinator or a practicum student should accompany him or her. teacher or designee Contact the Early Childhood Education Office and communicate the nature of the emergency, that emergency medical personnel have been called, and that the teacher needs to accompany the child to the hospital. teacher or designee Contact Reece Wilson, YCP Coordinator, to inform him of the existing emergency and the need for a substitute teacher. If Mr. Wilson is not available, contact Nancy Barbour, another ECED faculty member, or the YCP graduate assistant to fill this role immediately. ECED office staff 32 Student staff will assume all responsibility for the class until a substitute arrives OR the teacher returns. student staff MISSING CHILD In the event a YCP child becomes missing, the following emergency procedures will be followed: What should be done? Who is responsible? staff If a child becomes missing during school hours, search the school building and grounds immediately. staff If the child is not found, continue to search beyond school grounds. If the child is not found within ten minutes, contact emergency authorities. teacher or designee Contact a parent of the missing child. Communicate the nature of the emergency, the procedures that have been followed, and the information that emergency personnel have been called. staff Continue to have all available staff search on and beyond the school grounds. Be sure adequate supervision is available for the remaining children. teacher or designee Contact the Early Childhood Education Office and communicate the nature of the emergency and that emergency medical personnel and the child’s parents have been called (or have arrived). teacher or designee Contact Reece Wilson, YCP Coordinator, to inform him of the existing emergency. When emergency personnel arrive, follow their instructions and provide as much assistance as possible. ECED office staff teacher and staff NATURAL EMERGENCY In the event of a natural emergency, the following procedures will be followed: What should be done? Information regarding a natural disaster warning (severe storm or tornado) will come via campus emergency authorities. An Early Childhood Education Office staff member will notify the YCP teacher of the warning and the recommended response. If JMU cancels classes or Harrisonburg City Schools close, parents are expected to pick up their children as soon as possible. If the recommended response is to seek special indoor shelter, children and staff will move to the basement hallway of the west wing of Anthony-Seeger Hall and remain there until the warning is lifted. Secure essential documents and a cellphone if possible. Instructions should be left on the classroom door so parents who come to pick up children can locate them. Who is responsible? ECED office staff YCP parents teacher 33 Contact the Early Childhood Education and communicate details of the emergency, your location, and the names of children, staff, and volunteers present. Direct that parents should be called to pick up their children at their present location (provide specific directions). Leave a phone number for communicating with the teacher or a staff member. Contact Reece Wilson, YCP Coordinator, to inform him of the existing emergency. Contact parents of children who remain at the YCP using the Emergency Contact Forms. If neither of the child’s parents can be reached, attempt to contact other persons authorized to pick up the child. Continue efforts to reach a parent or authorized person as long as possible. As parents or authorized persons arrive, record the name of the person who picks up each child. Children should remain in the care of the YCP teacher until released to a parent or authorized person. If, after a reasonable amount of time and attempts to reach all persons on the Emergency Contact and Child Release Authorization forms, the teacher will contact local police for assistance in locating the child’s family. teacher or designee ECED office staff ECED office staff or designee teacher or designee teacher 34 APPENDIX 2 FIELD TRIP POLICIES AND PROCEDURES Young Children’s Program James Madison University 35 APPENDIX 2: Field Trip Policies And Procedures JMU Young Children’s Program The procedures described in this document are intended to protect the safety of children, staff, and volunteers while participating in field trips planned by the Young Children’s Program. All adults with supervision responsibilities during a class trip must be familiar with these procedures and demonstrate commitment to abide by them. In order for a child to participate in field trips, the parent must sign the YCP Field Trip Permission Form (included with initial registration materials). Parents have the right to withdraw permission for a specific trip by keeping their child home on that day. There is no supervision at school for children who do not attend a field trip. Field trips are considered an extension of the YCP classroom with specific learning objectives and expectations for appropriate behavior. JMU student staff and parent chaperones support the teacher’s goals for the trip and help to assure the children’s safety. Because all adults involved in a field trip must be focused on their supervisory role, attendance of siblings or other children is not allowed unless notified otherwise by the teacher. Care is taken to avoid an excessive number of adults on most field trips so the children have the opportunity for group experiences that support their learning. Teachers notify families at least a week in advance of field trips requiring transportation. This communication includes the destination, date, purpose of the trip, and number of chaperones needed. A time is listed for departure from school, as well as an estimated arrival time at the trip site. Specific information that will support the children’s comfort and safety during the trip is communicated at this time (special clothing or footwear, sunscreen, etc.). At this time parents will be given the opportunity to volunteer as chaperones. Families are encouraged to rotate this involvement so all who are interested can participate during the school year. A form will also be available on the message board for parents to indicate the transportation preference for their child. Options are described in the following section. Serving as a chaperone If you have been asked to serve as a chaperone, the teacher will assign a group of children to you (usually 2-3). You are to assume responsibility for the safety and behavior of your group. Keep the children together at all times. The teacher will have specific objectives for the trip and will share ways you can support the learning opportunities it offers. Talk with your group about what you are experiencing, ask questions to extend the children’s thinking, and help to position children in ways that enable everyone to be involved as meaningfully as possible. If snack is served on a field trip, assist the teacher with distribution and clean up. You may take pictures as long as it does not interfere with your ability to supervise and support your group of children. Avoid carrying children unless it is absolutely necessary. Follow the teacher’s lead at all times. The teaching staff is ultimately responsible for the safety and behavior of all children participating in the trip. Communicate with the teacher if you need assistance with a child or if you observe conditions that may affect the safety of children or adults. 36 APPENDIX 3: Manuscript Alphabet Guides MANUSCRIPT ALPHABET GUIDES Young Children’s Program James Madison University 37 38 39 APPENDIX 4: Classroom Inspection & Sanitation Checklists CLASSROOM INSPECTION & SANITATION CHECKLISTS Young Children’s Program James Madison University 40 Student #1 RESPONSIBILITIES (OUTDOOR LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY) Week of ___________________________ MON TUES WED THU FRI Before the children arrive: Rake mulch into slight mounds under swings and at bottom of slide and to the edge of sidewalks AM PM AM Open sandbox. PM Check outdoor play areas for litter. Discard dangerous materials safely AM PM AM Take tricycles and scooters out for children to use. PM AM Notify the teacher of equipment in need of repair. PM Be sure all outlet covers are in place. (There are 34—located in the classrooms, water room, & kitchen.) AM PM At the end of the session: Be sure all outdoor toys and equipment are put away (unless the teacher directs otherwise) AM PM AM Close sandbox. PM Sweep mulch from sidewalks, structure and courtyard into mulched areas. AM PM 41 Student #2 RESPONSIBILITIES (SNACK) Week of ___________________________ MON TUES WED THU FRI Before the children arrive: Wipe all table, cabinet, and counter surfaces with bleach solution (spray bottles are located in locked kitchen cabinet). AM PM AM Put away dishes from the previous session. PM AM Prepare dish water (detergent + water) in dish pan. PM Consult with the teacher about the snack menu for the day. Gather snack charts & water bottles and place on the cabinet beside the door. Prepare snack (including direction signs) and place on snack table. AM PM AM PM AM PM AM Fill napkin basket and place on the snack table. PM At the end of the session: Return food items to original containers (zip-loc bags, plastic tubs, etc.) and refrigerate if necessary. Return snack routine materials (charts, trays) to top of refrigerator. AM PM AM PM Prepare bleach solution for rinsing AM in white dishpan (¼ cup bleach/1 gallon water). PM Wipe all table, cabinet, and counter surfaces with bleach solution. Wash all dishes & utensils, rinse in bleach water, & leave to air dry. Wash any soiled toys in bleach solution. Discard bleach water. AM PM AM PM 42 Student #3 RESPONSIBILITIES (ART & WATER PLAY) Week of ___________________________ MON TUES WED THU FRI Before the children arrive: Consult with the teacher to determine what help is needed in setting up art and water activities. Use bucket under bathroom utility sink to fill water table half-full with warm water. Place dry artwork from the children in your class in the hall cubbies. AM PM AM PM AM PM At the end of the session: Talk with teacher about how to leave the art/ project tables at the end of the day. Drain water from all water table toys and return them to the storage containers. AM PM AM PM Empty the water table & clean the tub using bleach solution. (Return bleach solution to the locked cabinet when finished.) AM Disinfect high-use areas with Lysol spray or wipes. Computer keyboards, all door handles, faucet handles, other areas where children touch) AM PM PM AM Clean easel, paint cups and paint brushes. PM Wash two sets of manipulatives or toys in the bathroom sink & leave to dry in mesh bags (refer to directions on bathroom cabinet door). AM PM 43 SCHOOL CALENDAR 2014-2015 Young Children’s Program www.jmu.edu/coe/ycp Morning Program hours: 8:45-11:15 AM Afternoon Program hours: 12:15-2:45 PM Tuition payments are due on the first of each month, September-May. A payment schedule is on the inside back cover of the Handbook for Families and on the YCP website at http://www.jmu.edu/coe/ycp/Tuition.shtml AUG 25 & 26 GET-ACQUAINTED SOCIALS 6:00-7:00 PM, YCP Courtyard and playground 3-year-olds on Monday and 4-year-olds on Tuesday AUG 25-29 PRESCHOOL WORKDAYS FOR TEACHERS PARENT/TEACHER CONFERENCES SEP 2 FIRST DAY OF SCHOOL SEP 19 NO SCHOOL- STAFF DEVELOPMENT FOR TEACHERS SEP 22 ORIENTATION MEETING FOR NEW PARENTS 7:00 PM, YCP Classroom SEP 25 CLASS AND INDIVIDUAL PICTURES - By Christa Gitchell (If weather does not permit outdoor photography, the date will be rescheduled.) NOV 14 NO SCHOOL - PARENT/TEACHER CONFERENCES NOV 21 NO SCHOOL- STAFF DEVELOPMENT FOR TEACHERS NOV 24-28 NO SCHOOL – JMU Closed for Thanksgiving Holidays DEC 15-JAN 11 NO SCHOOL – JMU Closed for Winter Break JAN 12 SCHOOL RESUMES New student staff members begin. JAN 19 NO SCHOOL – JMU Closed for Martin Luther King, Jr Day FEB 10 NO SCHOOL - PARENT/TEACHER CONFERENCES JMU Closed for Student Assessment Day MAR 9-13 NO SCHOOL – JMU Closed for Spring Break MAY 15 LAST DAY OF SCHOOL MAY 18-22 TEACHER WORKDAYS PARENT/TEACHER CONFERENCES The Young Children’s Program serves as an observation/participation site for preparing future teachers enrolled in the JMU Elementary and Inclusive Early Childhood Education Programs. For this reason, the YCP calendar reflects the JMU schedule and follows University decisions regarding cancellations due to weather emergencies. Because of the lack of availability of student assistance, missed days are not made up. 44