Fall 2010, Sections 15666, 15668, or 15764
Dr. Angela K. Mick
Date: Topic Exercises
Aug 24,26 Body Orientation Terms; The Skull
Saladin
Chps 3 and 8
Atlas
A 31, S 2 Vertebral Column, Sternum, & Ribs; Histology - Epithelial Tissues
Sep 7,9 Muscles of Neck, Head, & Face; Histology - Connective Tissues
Sep 14,16 Review and Mini-Practical I; Practical I (100 points)
Sep 21,23 Bones of Shoulder and Upper Limb
Sep 28,30 Muscles of the Chest, Back, & Shoulder
Oct 5,7 Muscles of the Arm; Histology – Epidermis & Related Tissues
Saladin
Chps. 4,5,10
Atlas
Oct 12,14
Oct 19,21
Review and Mini-Practical II; Practical II (100 points)
Bones of Pelvis and Lower Extremity
Saladin
Chp. 10
Atlas, Chp.8
Oct 26,28 Muscles of the Abdomen and Lower Extremity
Nov 2,4
Nov 9,11
Muscles of Lower Extremity; Histology - Muscle
Review and Mini-Practical III
; Veteran’s Day Holiday No Lab
Nov 16,18 Practical III (100 points); Begin Brains (Models, Sheep)
Nov 23,25 Spinal Cord Models; Histology-N.S.; Thanksgiving Day Holiday
Saladin
Chp. 14
N 30, D 2 Sheep Eye and Eye Models; Ear Models and Review
Dec 7, 9 Review; Mini-Practical IV; Practical IV (100 points)
***This schedule is tentative and is subject to change at the discretion of your instructor. ***
BIO 201 GCC Practical 1 Page 1

 Please do not touch or point at bones, plastinized parts, or models with pens or pencils - use only broom straws or wooden cotton swabs .

These are human tissues. Please treat these specimens with respect and care. You must sign specimens in/out. Only handle them while wearing non-latex gloves. Keep pens and pencils far away. Be gentle.

Bones will either be articulated or disarticulated. You should be able to identify these bones in either state. o Bones Boxes: Make sure you have the correct bones in the boxes before you leave lab .

 Anatomy and Physiology Revealed [APR] – all the muscles can be visualized in APR , and you will need to identify the muscles on the models, plastinated specimens, and in APR . The sooner you use APR while learning this material, the easier the material will become.
 You are responsible for recognizing all the bolded functions in the muscles; these functions are taken from APR and may be slightly different from what
Saladin lists.
 APR shows the written function and has animations of those functions for most of the muscles on the lists.

o The slides will be shown in lab and there are also references to APR where you can also review the histology. It is recommended that you review the histological specimens not only on APR, but also the web. This can be done by using keywords and any of the popular web-browsers.

o Text: Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function 5 th edition by Saladin ISBN: 978-0-07-727620-1 o CD or web site: Anatomy and Physiology Revealed [APR] o Atlas: Atlas of Anatomy, by Ward ISBN: 978-1-59984-229-5
BIO 201 GCC Practical 1 Page 2

CRANIAL BONES (Saladin pgs, 245-258)

Be able to ID these bones and inherent features in an intact skull or separately.
Frontal Bone (1) o coronal suture o frontal sinus
Parietal Bones (2) o sagittal suture o middle meningeal vessel impressions
Temporal Bones (2) o squamosal suture o external auditory meatus (external acoustic meatus) o mandibular fossa o zygomatic process o styloid process ( note: attachment for muscles of tongue, pharynx and hyoid) o mastoid process ( note: contains air sinuses) o jugular foramen o carotid canal o middle meningeal vessel impressions o petrous part
Occipital Bones (1) o lambdoidal suture o sutural bones (Wormian bones) o foramen magnum o occipital condyles o external occipital protuberance
Sphenoid Bone (1) o greater wings o lesser wings o optic foramen o orbital fissures o sella turcica o foramen spinosum o foramen ovale o pterygoid processes
Ethmoid Bone (1) o crista galli o cribriform plate o perpendicular plate o middle nasal conchae
Practical 1 Page 3 BIO 201 GCC

FACIAL BONES (Saladin, pg 245-256)
Mandible (1) o body o mental foramen o alveolus (alveoli) o ramus o mandibular foramen o coronoid process o mandibular notch o mandibular condyle
Maxillae (2) o infraorbital foramen o maxillary sinus o palatine process ( note : anterior part of hard palate) o alveolus (alveoli)
Palatine Bones (2) ( note: posterior part of hard palate)
Zygomatic Bones (2)
Nasal Bones (2)
Lacrimal Bones (2)
Vomer (1)
Inferior Nasal Conchae (2)
Hyoid (1)
THORACIC CAGE (Saladin, pg 265-266)
Sternum (1) o manubrium o body (gladiolus) o xiphoid process
Ribs (12 pairs) differentiate between: o true ribs (1-7) o false ribs (8-12)
 floating ribs (11-12) ( note : these are false ribs not connected to sternum) o on each rib:

head
 neck
 tubercle
 shaft
Costal Cartilages
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VERTEBRAL COLUMN (Saladin, pg 259-267)
Parts of Vertebrae [Identify on Lumbar, Thoracic, and Cervical (except axis and atlas) vertebrae] o body (centrum) o vertebral arch

lamina
 pedicle o vertebral foramen o spinous process o transverse process o superior articular process and facet o inferior articular process and facet o intervertebral foramen
( note : formed by the intervertebral notches of two adjoining vertebrae) o intervertebral discs
Cervical Vertebrae (7) o atlas o axis

dens or odontoid process o o vertebra prominens ( note: seventh cervical vertebra has the largest spinous process) transverse foramen ( note: pair in each cervical vertebra that conducts vertebral arteries)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12) o costal facets
Lumbar Vertebrae (5)
Sacrum (note: 5 fused sacral vertebrae) sacral foramina sacral canal sacral hiatus ( note: auricular surface ( inferior opening to the sacral canal) note:
Coccyx (note: 4-5 fused coccygeal vertebrae ) site of sacroiliac joint with pelvic girdle)
Saladin Text (pg) 344-346
Erector Spinae Actions
Spinalis lateral flexion and extension of vertebral column
Longissimus
Iliocostalis lateral flexion and extension of vertebral column lateral flexion and extension of vertebral column
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Saladin Text (pg) 326-345
Muscles of the Face and
Neck
Actions of Muscle platysma elevates and creases neck; depression of lower lip and angle of mouth sternocleidomastoid (c) rotates and flexes head semispinalis capitus (c) extend and contralaterally rotate head levator scapulae (c) scalenes (c) trapezius (c) splenius capitus (c) sternohyoid (c) sternothyroid (c) thyrohyoid (c) omohyoid (c) mylohyoid (c) digastric (c) masseter (c) buccinator (c) temporalis (c) orbicularis oris (c) frontalis (c) occipitalis (c) elevation of scapula (shrugging shoulders); lateral flexion of neck lateral flexion and rotation of neck elevation, medial rotation, adduction and depression of scapula rotation of head; extension of head and neck depresses hyoid bone depresses larynx elevates larynx & depresses hyoid bone depresses hyoid bone elevates floor of mouth elevates hyoid bone; depresses mandible elevates mandible compression of cheek elevation of mandible closes mouth; puckers lips elevation of eyebrows
Retracts scalp orbicularis oculi (c) closes eyelids zygomaticus major (c) draws angle of mouth up and laterally
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 Epithelium: Saladin (pg 155-160), Atlas of Histology (Cpt 3), APR (histology)

Connective Tissue: Saladin (pg 161-170), Atlas of Histology (Cpts 4 & 5)
o Simple squamous epithelium o Simple cuboidal epithelium o Simple columnar epithelium o Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium o Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium o Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium o Transitional epithelium
o adipose connective tissue
 adipocytes o dense regular connective tissue (note: also called white fibrous tissue )
 fibroblasts

collagen fibers o dense irregular connective tissue
 fibroblasts
 collagen fibers o loose areolar connective tissue

fibroblasts
 collagen fibers
 elastic fibers o reticular connective tissue
 fibroblasts

reticular fibers
Epidermis o stratum corneum o stratum lucidum ( note: in thick skin only) o stratum granulosum o stratum spinosum o stratum basale o sweat gland ducts
Dermis o dermal papillae o papillary layer o reticular layer o sweat glands
Hypodermis
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STRUCTURE
ACROMION
ALVEOLUS
AURICULAR
CANAL
CONCHA
CONDYLE
CORACOID
CORONAL
CORONOID
CRIBRIFORM
CRISTA GALLI
FACET
FORAMEN
FOSSA
FRONTAL
HEAD
HIATUS
LAMINA
MEATUS
OCCIPITAL
ODONTOID
BIO 201 GCC
DEFINITION comes from the Greek "akron", peak + "omos", shoulder = the peak of the shoulder; platelike extension; (acromial end of clavicle and acromion of scapula)
Latin referring to little cavity; pit or socket; tooth socket; (alveoli of the mandibles and alveoli of the maxillae)
Auri – ear, (auricular surface of sacrum and auricular surface of the innominate bone) tubular passage or tunnel in a bone; (carotid canal)
Spanish for “shell”; shaped like an elongated sea-shell (inferior nasal conchae bones, middle and superior nasal conchae of the ethmoid) rounded knob that articulates with another bone; (occipital condyle, mandibular condyle) resemblance to crow’s beak; (coracoid process of the scapula) coronal plane – perpendicular to sagittal plane and divides the body into anterior and posterior portions; (coronal suture)
Corono – crown; (coronoid process of the mandible, coronoid process of the ulna) cribri- sieve, strainer; (cribriform plate of the ethmoid) crista – crest; (crista galli of the ethmoid) smooth, slightly concave or convex articular surface; (articular facets of vertebrae) hole through a bone, usually round; (foramen magnum of the skull) shallow, broad or elongated basin (mandibular fossa) from Latin “frons” which means forehead; (frontal bone and frontal lobe) prominent expanded end of a bone; (head of rib, head of femur, head of humerus) natural fissure or opening in a stucture; inferior opening to sacral canal (sacral hiatus); opening in diaphragm through which the esophagus travels (esophageal hiatus) thin, flat plate; (lamina of vertebrae) opening into a canal; (acoustic meatus of the ear)
Latin “occipit” which means back of the head; (occipital bone and occipital lobe)
Odonto
– tooth; tooth-like projection; (odontoid process of the axis)
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STRUCTURE
PARIETAL
PEDICLE
PETROUS
PROCESS
PROTUBERANCE
RAMUS
SAGITTAL
SELLA TURCICA
DEFINITION
Latin “parietlis” means of a wall; (parietal bone and parietal lobe)
Latin meaning “small foot”; a stem or stalk of tissue that connects parts of the body to each other, (vertebral lamina) related to or resembling a rock (petrous portion of temporal bone) any bony prominence; (mastoid process of skull) a bony outgrowth or protruding part; (external occipital protuberance)
Latin meaning “branch”; perpendicular portion; (ramus of the mandible) sagittal plane – passes vertically through the body or organ and divides it into right and left portions; (sagittal suture) means a Turkish saddle; saddle-shaped depression;
(sella turcica of sphenoid)
SINUS
SPINE
STYLOID
SUTURE
TEMPORAL
TRANSVERSE
TUBERCLE
VOMER
XIPHOID
BIO 201 GCC cavity within a bone; (frontal sinus of the frontal bone) sharp, slender or narrow process; (spine of the scapula) stylus – pen used by ancient Greeks and Romans to write on wax tablets; (styloid process of temporal bone, styloid process of the ulna, styloid process of radius) means to join; immovable joint between skull bones; (saggital suture)
Latin “temporlis” from Latin “tempora”, pl. of tempus, temple. Of or relating to the temples of the skull; (temporal bone and temporal lobe) transverse plane – passes across the body or organ perpendicular to its long axis; divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions; (transverse process in vertebra) small, rounded process; (greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus) means “plowshare” referring to its resemblance to a blade of a plow; (vomer bone) derived from the Greek word xiphos for straight sword; (xiphoid process of the sternum)
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