Element Atomic Model Project
Winter Showcase 2015
Z
Chemistry Project 1
Introduction to Matter
X
What is an atom?
Atoms are the basic building blocks of all objects in the universe. The
name atom came from the Latin “atomus”, or Greek “átomos”, meaning
not dividable, and was believed to have been the smallest building block
of matter in nature.
Y
What are atoms made of?
Atoms are mostly composed of particles called protons, electrons and neutrons. Protons carry a
positive electro-magnetic charge (+1 ecu, one electro-magnetic charge unit), electrons carry a
negative charge (-1 ecu) and neutrons carry no overall charge. Mass is the measure of the count of
subatomic particles in an object. Note: electrons do not have mass, only protons and neutrons have
1 atomic mass unit, 1 amu, each.
The protons and neutrons cluster together in the central part of the atom, the nucleus, and the
electrons 'orbit' the nucleus. A neutral atom will have the same number of protons and electrons.
Subatomic Particle
Mass
(amu)
Electro-magnetic
Charge (ecu)
Proton
1
+1
Neutron
1
0
Electron
0
-1
Table 1. Listing of the subatomic particles of the atom and their corresponding
masses in amu and electro-magnetic charges in ecu.
What is an element, an isotope and mass?
An element is an atom with a specific unique number of protons. Atomic numbers are symbolized
by the variable name Z, or the Z number of the element, and is the numbering system for the
elements. The Z number for an element is like a person’s driver’s license number or social security
number, a number that would represent a specific person, instead of their name. For example,
hydrogen gas is made of hydrogen atoms, H, atoms containing a single proton and Z = 1, for He Z =
2, for Li Z = 3 and so on. If you change the number of protons an atom has, you change the
element that it is. Add one proton to the nucleus of a hydrogen atom and it becomes a helium atom.
The number of protons identifies the element. Isotopes of elements will have varying numbers of
neutrons, but the same number of protons.
The average atomic mass of an element is the average of the mass numbers of all the different
isotopes of an element according to the actual abundance of that element in nature. The mass
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Element Atomic Model Project
number is the sum of the count of all the subatomic particles in an atom (see item 3 on page 3 for
more details).
What is the Periodic Table?
The periodic table is a table, a chart that organizes all the known elements in columns
(families or groups) and rows (periods). Each row represents a shell, or spherical layer, of
electrons surrounding the nucleus. Hydrogen and helium are the elements of the first row (K
shell), and are atomic numbers 1 and 2, and have 1 and 2 protons, and 1 and 2 orbiting
electrons, respectively.
K
electron
shell
nucleus
Electron
shells
L
electron
shell
Figure 1. Atomic
shell arrangement
in atoms.
M
electron
shell
K
L
M
N
O
P
Greatest
number of
electrons in
this shell
2
8
8
18
18
32
Figure 2. Description of columns’
direction.
Columns,
like the
up
columns
holding up
a structure,
are vertical
members of
a set, table,
or building.
Table 2. The names of the electron shells of the atoms and the
maximum number of electrons each shell can contain.
Electron
shells
K
Element Model Instructions
L
M
N
O
P
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Element Atomic Model Project
Element Project Guidelines
1. Materials
It is your choice as to what material(s) you use for your axes, for your electron shells,
and to represent your protons, electrons and neutrons.
2. Basic model structure
Your atomic model must have:
 three axes at the core. Each axis must be labeled.
 a nucleus representing the appropriate number of neutrons and protons. The
nucleus does not need to be to the scale of the outermost shell of the electrons.
 separate shells for the electron energy levels (K, L, M …). The inner shells are
arbitrarily placed, but equally spaced. The outermost shell must meet the
requirements of #4 below.
 some way of hanging the model from the top of the y axis.
 a 3 x 5 index card (see #5 below for details) attached to the bottom.
3. Nucleus – protons and neutrons
The nucleus must have some representation (your choice) of the appropriate number
of protons (Z, atomic number) and the proper number of neutrons (N) so that the
model represents A= the (average) mass number = Z + N (go to the attached
periodic table on page 2 to find the mass number of your element).
4. Outside the nucleus – the electrons
The number of shells surrounding the nucleus in your model should correspond to the
number of energy levels for your element on the periodic table. All of the shells need
to be connected to all axes. Each shell (energy level) needs to contain the correct
number of electrons (see table 2 on page 2).
All of the atom models are to be made to scale. Use the following conversion factor:
your element’s actual atomic radius
1 pm
=
1. X 10-12 m
your model’s radius
=
0.15 cm
The radii of your model must correspond to the atomic radius along the axes, but
multiplied by the conversion factor. The atomic model radius, from the center of your
atom model to the outside edge of your furthest out shell, must be exact within plus
or minus 15 mm along each axis.
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Element Atomic Model Project
Element Project Guidelines (continued)
5. 3 x 5 card
One side of the card will have the symbol of the element in large enough print to
cover the entire height of the card. The other side of the card will have the element
name, atomic number, average atomic mass, atomic radius, legend, model diameter,
electron configuration (how many electrons in each shell of your element), and your
full name. You must have a legend on your 3 x 5 card identifying each subatomic
particle.
6. Element 8.5 x 11 sheet
You will need to prepare on an 8.5 x 11 unlined sheet with all of the details described
in the grading rubric.
7. Grading Rubric Sheet
You need to complete your information on your rubric sheet (page 7 of this handout),
which explains how your project will be graded. Read the rubric carefully and make
There are no
exceptions, for any reason, these are the due date
deadlines exactly as listed below:
sure you ask all your questions as soon as possible.
All element information
sheets are due no later than
Thursday January 22nd
All models are due no later than
Monday January 26th
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Element Atomic Model Project
Element Assignment Table
This is where you find out which element is yours … find your atomic number:
Atomic
number
52
10
3
4
34
6
29
8
9
2
11
56
13
26
15
39
17
Period 1
Carla
Jordin
Terence
Pauline
Lorena
Brian
Jose
Veronica
Mirthala
Erick
Seleste
Jessy
Esther
Quiamah
Brian
Lourdes
Jason
Period 3
18
19
45
21
22
23
47
25
Karla
Michael
Myles
Alan
Melanie
Dorian
Anaya
Kelsy
Atomic
number
Atomic
number
14
27
59
7
30
31
60
Daniel E.
Alexis
Jonathan
Reyna
Daniel N.
Jennifer
Gisel
Period 8
49
50
51
1
53
54
55
12
57
Period 4
33
5
35
36
37
38
16
40
41
42
43
44
20
46
24
48
Josue
Gisselle
Daniel
Steven
Juan
Cristian
Marck
Milton
Kevin
Mariela
Deseri
Hennessy
Marcos
Mary
Fernando
Janelle
58
28
32
Jenny
Jason
Emely
Brandon
Behtsabe
Tyrelle
McKayla
Jorge M.
Jorge P.
Christopher
Nila
Dei’Shawn
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Element Atomic Model Project
Element Data Table
average
atomic
mass
atomic
radius
average
atomic
mass
atomic
radius
average
atomic
mass
atomic
radius
H
1.01
Fe
55.85
Sb
121.75
1.53
Helium
He
Cobalt
Co
Tellurium
Te
127.60
1.42
3
Lithium
28
Nickel
53
Iodine
I
126.90
1.32
4
1.40
29
1.57
54
Xenon
Xe
131.30
1.24
10.81
1.17
65.38
1.53
55
Cesium
Cs
132.91
3.34
C
12.01
Ga
69.72
1.81
56
Barium
Ba
137.33
2.78
Nitrogen
N
Germanium
Ge
72.59
1.52
57
Lanthanum
La
138.91
2.74
8
Oxygen
33
Arsenic
As
74.92
1.33
58
Cerium
Ce
140.12
2.70
9
0.57
34
Selenium
Se
78.96
1.22
59
Praseodymium
Pr
140.91
2.67
20.18
0.51
35
Bromine
Br
79.90
1.12
60
Neodymium
Nd
144.24
2.64
Na
22.99
2.23
36
Krypton
Kr
83.80
1.03
61
Promethium
Pm
146.92
2.62
Magnesium
Mg
24.31
1.72
37
Rubidium
Rb
85.47
2.98
62
Samarium
Sm
150.40
2.59
13
Aluminum
Al
26.98
1.82
38
Strontium
Sr
87.62
2.45
63
Europium
Eu
151.96
2.56
14
Silicon
Si
28.09
1.42
39
Yttrium
Y
88.91
2.27
64
Gadolinium
Gd
157.25
2.54
15
Phosphorus
P
30.97
1.23
40
Zirconium
Zr
91.22
2.16
65
Terbium
Tb
158.93
2.51
16
Sulfur
S
32.06
1.09
41
Niobium
Nb
92.91
2.08
66
Dysprosium
Dy
162.50
2.49
17
Chlorine
Cl
35.45
0.97
42
Molybdenum
Mo
95.94
2.01
67
Holmium
Ho
164.93
2.47
18
Argon
Ar
39.95
0.88
43
Technetium
Tc
98.91
1.95
68
Erbium
Er
167.26
2.45
19
Potassium
K
39.10
2.77
44
Ruthenium
Ru
101.07
1.89
69
Thulium
Tm
168.93
2.42
20
Calcium
Ca
40.08
2.23
45
Rhodium
Rh
102.91
1.83
70
Ytterbium
Yb
173.04
2.40
21
Scandium
Sc
44.96
2.09
46
Palladium
Pd
106.40
1.79
71
Lutetium
Lu
174.97
2.25
22
Titanium
Ti
47.90
2.00
47
Silver
Ag
107.87
1.75
72
Hafnium
Hf
178.49
2.16
23
Vanadium
V
50.94
1.92
48
Cadmium
Cd
112.41
1.71
73
Tantalum
Ta
180.95
2.09
24
Chromium
Cr
52.00
1.85
49
Indium
In
114.82
2.00
74
Tungsten
W
183.85
2.02
25
Manganese
Mn
54.94
1.79
50
Tin
Sn
118.69
1.72
75
Rhenium
Re
186.21
1.97
atomic
number
element
names
symbol
atomic
number
element
names
symbol
atomic
number
element
names
symbol
1
Hydrogen
0.79
26
Iron
1.72
51
Antimony
2
4.00
0.49
27
58.93
1.67
52
Li
6.94
2.03
Ni
58.70
1.62
Beryllium
Be
9.01
Copper
Cu
63.55
5
Boron
B
30
Zinc
Zn
6
Carbon
0.91
31
Gallium
7
14.01
0.75
32
O
16.00
0.65
Fluorine
F
19.00
10
Neon
Ne
11
Sodium
12
(10-10 m)
(10-10 m)
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Work product of Mr. Hirsch last revised January 2015
(10-10 m)
Element Atomic Model Project
Element Project Grading Rubric
Your Full Name:
Element name:
Atomic Radius
Period: ___ Date handed in:__________________
_____________
_
Atomic Symbol: _____
Atomic Number: _____
___________ Diameter of model (cm): _______ average atomic mass: _______
Number of Protons/Neutrons: ___/___ Number of electrons: ____ Mass number: ____________
Points
Earned
Points
Possible
Model
Correct number of protons and neutrons in nucleus
Correct number of electrons on each energy level (shell)
Correct outer diameter
Equally spaced orbital shells
General Appearance and Neatness
5
5
40
5
25
Index Card
Correct symbol in large print and your full name at bottom
Correct name, atomic number, atomic mass
Correct atomic radius and model diameter
4
4
4
Element Information Sheet
List and description of (at least) 4 properties of your element
Correct name and symbol (in minimum of 48 font), atomic
number, average atomic mass, atomic radius, model diameter
Description (history, uses, appearance, where found, any other
interesting stuff you dig up on your element) with references.
Organization
Clarity and neatness
Calculations
Calculation of model size in factor-label format, with appropriate
significant figures and in scientific notation on the back of the
rubric sheet.
Total
20
8
20
10
25
25
200
Instructor’s Comments:
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Element Atomic Model Project
Model Calculations
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