BAB I
PREFACE
Backgroud
Religion History shows that happiness to be achieved by running the Islamic religion can
only be accomplished with a good character. The belief that only the form of the knowledge of
the oneness of God, worship is done only as a mere formality, which is only muamalah rules
contained in the book of course, all is not necessarily a guide to achieving happiness is.
The emergence and establishment of human moral consciousness against him (God) are
bases that determine patterns of human life. Morals, or moral, or morality is a pattern of action
that is based on the absolute value of kindness. Moral life and every moral act is the right answer
to the moral consciousness, the opposite of life is not have good morals, and every transgression
against decency is awareness.
Moral consciousness is consciousness of himself, where people see or feel themselves as
dealing with good and bad. Therein distinguishing lawful and unlawful, and bathil rights, can
and can not do, even though he could do. That is a special human being. In the animal world
there is not a good thing and a bad report or inappropriate, because it is man who understands
himself, only men that as the subject to realize that he was dealing in his actions, before, during
and after the job was done. So as subjects with actions he can be held accountable for his actions
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BAB II
DISCUSSION
A. ETHICS
In terms of etymology, derived from the Greek ethics, ethos which means character or
custom decency. In general Indonesian dictionary, ethics is defined science-Azaz Azaz
character (moral). From the definition of language is seen that the ethics associated with
efforts to determine human behavior.
In terms of terminology about ethics, has been suggested by experts with different
expressions according to his point of view. By ahmad amin interpret ethics is the science that
explains the meaning of good and bad, explain what should be done by humans, stating goals
that must be addressed by the men in their actions and point the way to do what they should
be.
From the definition of ethics as mentioned above, can immediately note that the
ethics associated with the following four things. First, in terms of object discussion, ethics
seeks to discuss the deeds done by humans. Both, in terms of its source, ethics derived from
reasoning or philosophy. As a result of thought, then ethics is not absolute, absolute nor
universal. He was limited, subject to change, has its drawbacks, advantages and so on.
Moreover, ethics are also utilizing various memebahas science of human behavior such as
anthropology, psychology, sociology, political science, economics and so on. Third, in terms
of function, ethics serves as an assessor, the determinants and settlers against something done
by human actions, whether these actions will be judged good, bad, noble, honorable,
dishonorable, and so on. Thus ethics act more as a drafter for a number of behaviors
performed by humans. Ethics refers more to the assessment system of existing values.
Fourth, in terms of character, ethics are relative which can vary according to the demands of
the times.
With such characteristics, then ethics is more a science that deals with the efforts to
determine the actions that humans do to dikatan good or bad. Various ideas were suggested
by western philosophers about the good or bad deeds can be grouped to ethical thinking,
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because it comes from the thought. Thus the humanistic and anthropocentric ethical nature
that is directed at human thought and human. In other words, ethics is the rules or patterns of
behavior that dihasulkan by human reason.
The ethic discussion as who observation about decent perspective, that is same with
talk norm. Human mention ethical is whole human and be able to. There are two kinds ethic:
1. Descriptive Ethics
Critically examine ethical and rational attitudes and behaviors humans, and what
persuade by everyone in his life as something worth. Descriptive ethics is talking about what
the fact are, that is about values and human behavior as a fact related to the situation and
entrenched reality. It can be concluded that the fact in appreciation allow humans to act
ethically.
2. Normative Ethics
Ethics sets the attitude and behavior of ideal ought to own by a man or what is should
be run by humans and acts what is valuable in life. So Normative Ethics are norms that can
lead men to act in good and avoid things that bad, according to the agreed rules or norms
applicable in the community. From the various discussions about the ethic of the definition
above can classify into three types of definition, as follows.

The first type, ethic is seen as a branch of philosophy which specifically discuss
about the value of the good and bad of human behavior.

The second type, ethic is viewed as a science that addresses both bad human
behavior in life. The definition does not see the fact that there is diversity the
norm, because of the inequality of time and place, eventually became a science
ethics that is more descriptive and sociologic.

The Third type, ethics is seen as a normative science and evaluative only give the
pros and cons of human behavior. In this case, not need to show the existence of
fact, sufficient information, advocate and reflect. The definition of ethics is more
informative, directive and reflective.
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Application of social ethics in society
1) Ethical Relationships With Older Persons
He definition of older people here are our parents, the father, mother, grandfather,
grandmother, uncle, aunt, sister and other people who are older than us. We are obliged
to respect the parents who have kept us and raise, educate and found our lives, not the
least sacrifice their physical and spiritual, good material, energy and thoughts that have
been shed for the sake of her children. They did not expect a reply for their love. But we
should not ignore the obligation to respect and obey the advice and attention.
Grandfather, grandmother, uncles, aunts, and older relatives also we should respect and
treat us like our parents. Therefore we must apply respectful and polite, not being against
or opposed when there is a dispute. Because we are willing to be respectful and polite
Allah they will apply the same. Islam teaches us to always respects and courteous to all
older people, from those who have experienced a lot of experience, we gain knowledge
for future supplies. We got our have experienced a lot of experience, we gain knowledge
for future supplies. We got our cultural heritage will continue, especially the heroes who
helped liberate our nation. Those who are being respectful to elders, it will be promised
by the Prophet Muhammad saw, was not about to admit a person as a people.
2) Ethical Relationships With Peers
Peer could mean the same age and therefore interaction with peer’s essential.
Almost everyday, in the community and at school, we often get together with peers who
share with us in some ways. At the moment we have problems, they’re the right person
for help both our personal nature was more open. Humans are social creatures who are
always connected and need each other; everyone has weaknesses and strengths, and
needs help from others. In daily life we broke with them, then we should honor and
respect their position, so they will respect and appreciate us, how to get along well with
them (peers) that we should participate and think about and care about their difficulties
and problems helped ease of the problem.
3) Ethical Relationships With Younger Persons
In relationship, not just older and people of concern to us for our always
respected, but also those younger, Islam encourages us to be humble and polite fellow
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believers, including those younger than us. Despite their advantages over us, we should
not arrogant, and cocky on them we just have to help him with great affection and all the
love. Relationship with younger people as well as state of the economy is low;
knowledge and experience are weaker than us, also the orphans and the poor. To them we
must sympathize and loving, and do not say rude, insulting the state and their degrees. If
we do not respect and disrespectful to those who are younger than us, then surely will not
respect us.
4) Ethics Association with fellow Muslims and Muslims
Relation among fellow Muslim associated with regulations for Muslims
association between one group or one religion, we as Muslim and Muslims who adhere to
the teachings of God must know how the ethics of friendship among the Muslim
community, that we need to behave like a well mannered, gentle and do not act wrong,
we should be able to distinguish between the good and the bad as well as how we deal
with news imaginary is carried and spread by the wicked and mischievous, How to
resolve disputes among fellow Muslim they arise among Muslim, united in a single goal
against the ignorance of people because basically Muslim and the believers are brothers
relation very closely like a building, if the buffer is lost will collapse, so with the Muslim
of the wanton would bring distaste.
5) Ethical Relationships With People Different Religions
Islam religion encourages us to get with people of different religions to religion.
Basically they were just like us (God’s creatures) just different beliefs, many behaviors
and desires of various properties, as well as trust and confidence are but are part of the
community of nations, we need them in term of employment, commerce and society, we
should not distinguish between people of different faiths, we should still hang out with
them as fellow creatures of God and as members of society.
6) Ethics In Dress And Looking
The function of clothing is as well as jewelry cover aurat Islam ordered that every
person wearing clothes well and good, well meaning according to their function, namely
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to cover nakedness, while good means appropriate (matching) as the appropriate body
jewelry cover the wearers abilities. For the purposes of our daily prayers at the mosque is
recommended to use a good and holy garment clean (avoid unclean). Dressed for women
believers have been outlined by the Qur’an are closing all over her nakedness. Basically
Muslim clothes do not impede the wearers daily activity in the community, all returned to
the intention of the user in carrying out the teaching of God. In addition we are also
looking dress, the aye is the most important gift of God is to see, the eye here in question
is fortunately saw things that was fine, because the Prophet said do not use my people all
staring at something that is not good with your eyes all my people.
7) Ethics In Speaking to the People
Most important communication tool in the association is to talk, to talk we can
deliver something, otherwise we can also know the wishes of others, speaking can bring a
lot of people (friend) and can also bring the enemy, and therefore we have to be very
clever to keep our way of speaking well. Islam teaches us to speak politely so as not
cause harm yourself or others. Mouth can be used advice for the truth avoid speech that
can cause discord in a dispute over the will of the devil was devoted to pitting, slander,
and gossip issues.
8) Ethics In Eating And Drinking
Eating and drinking is a human need to survive a natural and healthy, many foods
are directly taken from nature. We are encouraged by religion to choose food that are
good and lawful, and absolutely necessary for the health, should not be exaggerated. The
food was good; the food is nutritious, halal means permitted religion. Good food is not
necessarily kosher, halal like wise not necessarily good for the health, so we have to
choose foods that are both good and lawful. Here are many ways to eat and drink should
really pay attention to etiquette, manners, etiquette in eating and drinking something.
B. MORAL
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The moral sense in term of the language comes from latin, the plural of the the
word mores, wich means tradition habits mos. In the general Indonesian dictionary says
that the determination of the moral good is bad for the actions and behavior. Furthermore,
in the moral sense of the term is a term used to define the limits of nature, temperament,
will, opinions or actions that could reasonablybe said right, wrong, good and bad.
Furthermore, in the moral sense of the term is a term used to define the limits of
nature, temperament, will, opinions or actions that could reasonably be said right, wrong,
good and bad. Based on the quote above, it is understood thet the moral is the term used
to provide restrictions on human activity with thw value of ( provision ) good or bad,
right or wrong. If the sense of ethic and morals are related to each other, we can say that
between ethics and morals have the same object, they both discuss about human action is
determined wether it is good or bad position.
However, in some cases between the ethical and moral differences, namely: that
the ethical discussion, to determine the value of human actions good or bad use or
reasoning benchmark rate, while measuring the moral decline that is used is the norms
that grow and develop and takes place in the community. Thus ethics is more
philosophical and in concepts, while ethics are in plain realities and appearing in a
growing behavior in the community. Ethics and moral synonymous but in everyday use
there is little different. Morals or morality is used for actions that are being assessed,
while ethics is used to study the existing system.
Moral consciousness involves three things:
1. Feeling of obligation or necessity to perform immoral acts.
2. Moral awareness can also form a rational and objective, which is an act that is
generally accepted by the public, as a matter of objective and universally
applicable, meaning that it can be approved policies at any time and place for
everyone who is in a similar situation.
3. Moral consciousness may also arise in freedom
That ethics, morals derived from the ratio of products and culture are selectively
recognized as a useful and good for human survival.
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There are many types of norms that need our attention.
1. There are specific norms that apply only in areas or situations.
`for example, the rule that the ball must not be touched by hand, apply only if and
when we play our football and not the goalkeeper. So we stopped playing, we can forget
the rules. Similarly, religious rules apply only to members of that religion. Disciplinary
rules on the university campus only valid as long as we are on campus. These norms are
all specific.
2. Norms general there are three kinds:

Norms of good ethic
Politeness norms concerning human outward demeanor. Despite the
outward demeanor may reveal attitudes and therefore have moral qualities, but
her physical self is not moral. People who violate the norms of decency
because lack of knowledge in the area of manners, or as required by the
situation (we encourage mothers - mothers fall into the fields so as not to get
hit by a truck that the brake tension) does not violate moral norms.

Norms Legal
Every community knows the law. Legal norms are the norms explicitly
demanded by the public because it is considered necessary for the safety and
general welfare. Legal norm is a norm that is not allowed to be violated.
People who break the law, would be subject to penalties as sanctions. But the
rule of law is not the same as moral norms. It may happen that after the
demands of conscience, so for the sake of moral consciousness, we have to
break the law. If we then punished, it does not mean that we are bad people.
The law is not used to measure the merits of a person as a human being, but to
ensure public order.

Norms Moral
Moral norms are the yardsticks used to measure people. So the moral
norms we really valued. That is why moral judgments are always weighted.
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We can not be seen from one side, but as a human being. Whether someone is
a good tailor, citizens are always obedient and always speak politely not
sufficient to determine whether he was truly a good man. Perhaps He is a
hypocrite. Or was he making a profit. Are we good or bad that is the field of
moral issues.
BAB III
CLOSING
From the above the views of the function and role can be said that ethics
and morals are the same, namely to determine the law and the value of a human
act performed to determine the good and bad. The difference between ethics and
morals is located at the source of which is used as a orientation to determine good
and bad. If either bad judgment in ethical reasoning in the opinion, and based on
the moral habbits that are generally accepted in society.
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