Emery APES: Chapter 18 & 19-4 Exam Version A
Multiple Choice: Select the one correct answer for each question. Do not write on this exam.
1.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The correct sequence of layers of the atmosphere from innermost to outermost is
a. mesosphere stratosphere thermosphere troposphere
b. troposphere stratosphere mesosphere thermosphere
c. stratosphere thermosphere troposphere mesosphere
d. troposphere stratosphere mesosphere-thermosphere
e. thermosphere mesosphere stratosphere troposphere
The atmospheric layer containing 75% of the mass of earth's air is the
thermosphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
troposphere
metasphere
Which of the following is not one of the factors that increase outdoor air pollution?
buildings slow wind speed and reduce dilution of pollutants
hills and mountains reduce the flow of air in valleys
high temperatures promote formation of photochemical smog
movement of over the oceans encounter salty sea spray
temperature inversions form over cities surrounded by mountains
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Choose the one statement below that is true.
Temperature inversion occurs when a layer of cold air prevents warm air from rising.
Temperature inversions make pollution problems worse.
Temperature inversions last only a few minutes to a few hours.
Normally, cool air near earth's surface expands and rises, carrying pollutants higher into
the troposphere.
e. Temperature inversions help prevent air pollution
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
What causes a temperature inversion?
precipitation
cold air drainage
a “lid” of warm air on top of cooler, stagnant air
a cold blanket of air that prevents warm air from rising
mixing of cool and warm air
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
All of the following are one of the major air pollutants, except
suspended particulate matter
sulfur dioxide
nitrogen oxides
formaldehyde
ozone
7.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of the following is not a volatile organic compound (VOC)?
methane
industrial solvents
carbon monoxide
benzene
components of gasoline
All volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have which of the following in common?
All are carbon based.
All are produced from manmade sources.
All are emitted for processing and/or burning fossil fuels.
All are colorless, odorless reactive gases.
26 March 2015
Carpe diem.
e. All are naturally occurring colorless and odorless gases found in rocks and vegetation.
9.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Which of the following is not a way to prevent lead poisoning?
phase out incineration of waste containing lead
ban the use of any lead products
ban lead glazing on ceramic ware used to serve food
ban the use of lead solder that allow lead to be inhaled
ban candles with lead cores that allow lead to be inhaled
10.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Of the world’s 20 most polluted cities, 16 are found in which country?
the United States
Brazil
the Ukraine
China
Mexico
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Photochemical smog is formed when certain primary pollutants interact with
sunlight
water vapor
sulfur dioxide
oxygen
carbon
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Approximately how much of the air we breathe is composed of nitrogen and oxygen?
99%
77%
63%
54%
33%
13.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Most of earth's climate occurs in the
troposphere
thermosphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
tropopause
14.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The biggest air pollution threat to the world’s poor is
badly maintained automobiles
pollutants from industry
indoor air pollution
smoke from burning forests
dust blown into the air
15.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Photochemical smog is characteristic of urban areas with many vehicles and a climate that is
cool, wet, and cloudy
cool, dry, and sunny
warm, dry, and sunny
warm, wet, and cloudy
warm, wet, and sunny
16.
All of the following are primary pollutants produced from burning coal, except
a. carbon monoxide
b. sulfur dioxide
c. soot
d. ozone
e. carbon dioxide
17.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Gray-air smog comes from suspended particles of
carbon dioxide
ammonium salts
soot
carbonic acid
ozone
18.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Which of the following would not be a factor that reduces outdoor air pollution?
Particles that are heavier than air settle out of the atmosphere.
Rain and snow wash pollutants out of the atmosphere.
Winds sweep pollutants away.
Chemical reactions form acid precipitation which falls out of the atmosphere
Radiation from the sun converts pollutants into benign (harmless) chemicals.
19.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
How many times more acidic is precipitation in the eastern U.S. compared to natural precipitation?
2 times
4 times
6 times
8 times
10 times
20.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Acid deposition is best classified as a(n)
local problem
state problem
regional problem
national problem
international problem
21.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.6
4.6
5.6
6.6
7.6
22.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Large diesel trucks emit the equivalent amount of particulate matter as how many cars?
1
10
20
150
2000
23.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
During the 1980 and 2008 period, decreases in emissions occurred for all of the following pollutants, except
lead
CO2
SO2
CO
ground-level ozone
Acidic rain (as well as acidic snow, fog, and cloud vapor) usually has a pH of about:
24.
According to environmental scientists, all of the following would strengthen U.S. air pollution control laws,
except
a. greater emphasis on prevent air pollution
b. sharply reduce emissions from older coal-burning power plants
c. relaxed controls on petroleum refineries
d. improve fuel efficiency standards on motor vehicles
e. stricter air pollution regulations on airports and ocean going ships
25.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Most of the ozone layer is found in which of the following?
thermosphere
mesosphere
thermopause
stratosphere
troposphere
26.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Harmful chemicals emitted directly into the air from natural processes and human activities are called
secondary pollutants
smog
photochemical smog
tertiary pollutants
primary pollutants
27.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Most human input of outdoor air pollutants occur…
in rural areas
in the mountains
along the oceans
in urban areas
in the deserts
28.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Air pollution in the urban areas of many less-developed countries is
getting much better
remaining about the same
getting a little better
getting worse
at crisis levels
29.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
All of the following are effective preventive measures for acid deposition, except:
reduce coal use
burn low-sulfur coal
switch to natural gas or renewable energy resources
adding lime to neutralize the acids
remove SO2 and NOx from motor vehicle exhausts
30.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Sick Building Syndrome is associated with all of the following, except
headaches
coughing and sneezing
lung cancer
chronic fatigue
depression
31.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The air pollutant that causes the most problems for people in developed countries is:
chloroform
formaldehyde
carbon monoxide
asbestos
e. sulfur dioxide
32.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Respiratory illnesses in developing countries are most likely to be caused by
formaldehyde
cigarette smoke
particulate matter
asbestos
chloroform
33.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A layer of ozone reduces the sun's harmful UV radiation by how much?
95%
63%
49%
33%
20%
34.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Which of the following chemicals is not capable of destroying ozone?
chlorofluorocarbons
formaldehyde used as a preservative
halons in fire extinguishers and crop fumigants
carbon tetrachloride used as a solvent
methyl bromide used as a fumigant
35.
If all of the ozone-depleting substances were banned tomorrow, how many years
would it take for the earth to recover to pre-1950 ozone levels?
a. 25
b. 50
c. 75
d. 100
e. 125
Congratulations! You have finished Chapter 18: Air Pollution. Please turn in your exam on lab station 7. Did you write “Version
A” on your answer sheet?