What is Wrong With Food Irraditation February 2002 Irradiation damages the quality of food. Irradiation damages food by breaking up molecules and creating free radicals. The free radicals kill some bacteria, but not all! The free radicals bounce around in the food, damage vitamins and enzymes, and combine with existing chemicals (like pesticides) in the food to form new chemicals, called unique radiolytic products (URPs). Some of these URPs are known toxins (e.g., benzene, formaldehyde). Some are unique to irradiated foods and never studied. In the approval of irradiation, the long-term effect of these new chemicals in our diet were never studied. Irradiated foods lose 5%-80% of vitamins A, C, E, K or B complex. That’s a big range, but foods vary greatly. Different foods lose different vitamins. Also, the amount of loss changes when the dose of irradiation or storage time is changed. Most of the food in the American diet is already approved for irradiation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): beef, pork, lamb, poultry, wheat, wheat flour, vegetables, fruits, eggs in the shell, seeds for sprouting, spices, herb teas. (Dairy is already pasteurized). The FDA is currently considering a food industry petition to irradiate luncheon meats, salad bar items, sprouts, fresh juices and frozen foods. The USDA is considering irradiation for imported fruits and vegetables. Like cooking, irradiation damages the enzymes found in raw foods. This means our bodies must work harder to digest them. Irradiation by any source--electron beams, x-rays or nuclear gamma rays—has the same effect on the food. Science has not proved that a diet high in irradiated foods is safe in the long term. The longest human feeding study was 15 weeks, in China. The data is not available in English. No one knows the health effects of a life-long diet that includes a large number of foods that can already be legally irradiated in the U.S., such as meat, chicken, vegetables, fruits, salads, eggs and sprouts. There are no studies on the effects of feeding normal babies or children diets containing irradiated foods. A very small study from India on malnourished children showed health effects. Studies on animals fed irradiated foods have shown increased tumors, reproductive failures and kidney damage. Some possible causes are: irradiation-induced vitamin deficiencies, the inactivity of enzymes in the food, DNA damage, and toxic radiolytic products in the food. © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner The FDA based its approval of irradiation for poultry on only seven of 441 animal-feeding studies submitted. Marcia van Gemert, Ph.D., the toxicologist who chaired the FDA committee that approved irradiation, later said, "These studies reviewed in the 1982 literature from the FDA were not adequate by 1982 standards, and are even less accurate by 1993 standards to evaluate the safety of any product, especially a food product such as irradiated food." The seven studies are not a good basis for approval of irradiation for humans, because they showed health effects on the animals or were conducted using irradiation at lower energies than those the FDA eventually approved. The FDA based its approval of irradiation for fruits and vegetables on a theoretical calculation of the amount of URPs in the diet from one 7.5 oz. serving/day of irradiated food. Considering the different kinds of foods approved for irradiation, this quantity is too small and the calculation is irrelevant. Even with current labeling requirements, people cannot avoid eating irradiated food. That means there is no control group, and epidemiologists will never be able to determine if irradiated food has any health effects. Irradiation covers up problems that the meat and poultry industry should solve Irradiation covers up the increased fecal contamination that results from speeded up slaughter and decreased federal inspection. Prodded by the industry, the USDA has allowed a transfer of inspection to company inspectors. Where government inspectors remain, they are not allowed to condemn meat and poultry now that they condemned 20 years ago. Because of this deregulation, the meat and poultry industry since the ‘90s has lost money and suffered bad publicity from food-poisoning lawsuits and expensive product recalls. Irradiation is a “magic bullet” that will enable them to say that the product was “clean” when it left the packing plant. (Irradiation, however, does not sterilize food, and any bacteria that remain can multiply to toxic proportions if the food is not properly stored and handled.) Labeling is necessary to inform people so they can choose to avoid irradiated foods. Because irradiated foods have not been proven safe for human health in the long term, prominent, conspicuous and truthful labels are necessary for all irradiated foods. Consumers should be able to easily determine if their food has been irradiated. Labels should also be required for irradiated ingredients of compound foods, and for restaurant and institutional foods. Because irradiation depletes vitamins, labels should state the amount of vitamin loss after irradiation, especially for fresh foods that are usually eaten fresh. Consumers have © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner the right to know if they are buying nutritionally impaired foods. Current US labels are not sufficient to enable consumers to avoid irradiated food. Foods are labeled only to the first purchaser. Irradiated spices, herb teas and supplement ingredients, foods that are served in restaurants, schools, etc., or receive further processing, do not bear consumer labels. Labels are required only for irradiated foods sold whole (like a piece of fruit) or irradiated in the package (like chicken breasts). A radura is required. The text with the declaration of irradiation can be as small as the type face on the ingredient label. The US Department of Agriculture requirements have one difference: irradiated meat or poultry that is part of another food (like a TV dinner) must be disclosed on the label. The US Food and Drug Administration is currently rewriting the regulation for minimum labeling, and will release it for public comment in 2002. They may eliminate all required text labels. If they do retain the labels, Congress has already told them to use an alternative term instead of “irradiation.” Electron-beam irradiation today means nuclear irradiation tomorrow. The original sponsor of food irradiation in the US was the Department of Energy, which wanted to create a favorable image of nuclear power as well as dispose of radioactive waste. These goals have not changed. Many foods cannot be irradiated using electron beams. E-beams only penetrate 1-1.5 inches on each side, and are suitable only for flat, evenly sized foods like patties. Large fruits, foods in boxes, and irregularly shaped foods must be irradiated using x-rays or gamma rays from nuclear materials. Countries that lack a cheap and reliable source of electricity for e-beams use nuclear materials. Opening U.S. markets to irradiated food encourages the spread of nuclear irradiation worldwide for export crops. Irradiation using radioactive materials is an environmental hazard. Nuclear irradiation facilities have already contaminated the environment. For example, in the state of Georgia in 1988, radioactive water escaped from an irradiation facility. The taxpayers were stuck with $47 million in cleanup costs. Radioactivity was tracked into cars and homes. In Hawaii in 1967 and New Jersey in 1982, radioactive water was flushed into the public sewer system. Numerous worker exposures have occurred in food irradiation facilities worldwide. Irradiation doesn't provide clean food. Because irradiation doesn't sterilize (kill all the bacteria in a food), the ones that survive are by definition radiation-resistant. These bacteria will multiply and eventually work their way back to the 'animal factories'. Eventually, the bacteria that contaminate the meat will no longer be killed by currently approved doses © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner of irradiation. The technology will no longer be usable, while stronger bacteria contaminate our food supply. Irradiation doesn't kill all the bacteria in a food. In a few hours at room temperature, the bacteria remaining in meat or poultry after irradiation can multiply to the level existing before irradiation. Some bacteria, like the one that causes botulism, as well as viruses and prions (which are believed to cause Mad Cow Disease) are not killed by current doses of irradiation or by doses that leave the food palatable. centralization of agriculture and loss of family farms, the potential longterm damage to human health, and the possibility of irradiation-resistant super-bacteria. All of these developments should be (but are not) considered when regulators and public health officials evaluate the benefits of food irradiation. Brought to you by: Organic Consumers Association <http://www.organicconsumers.org/irr adlink.html> Irradiation does nothing to change the way food is grown and produced. Irradiated foods can have longer shelf lives than nonirradiated foods, which means they can be shipped further while appearing 'fresh.' Food grown by giant farms far away may last longer than nonirradiated, locally grown food, even if it is inferior in nutrition and taste. Thus, irradiation encourages centralization and hurts small farmers. The use of pesticides, antibiotics, hormones and other agrochemicals, as well as pollution and energy use, are not affected. Irradiation is applied by the packer after harvest or slaughter. Free-market economists say irradiation is 'efficient': it provides the cheapest possible food for the least possible risk. But these economists are not considering the impaired nutritional quality of the food, the environmental effects of large-scale corporate farming, the social costs of © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner Heart Surgeon Speaks Out About What Really Causes Heart Disease By Dr. Dwight Lundell We physicians with all our training, knowledge and authority often acquire a rather large ego that tends to make it difficult to admit we are wrong. So, here it is. I freely admit to being wrong. As a heart surgeon with 25 years experience, having performed over 5,000 open-heart surgeries, today is my day to right the wrong with medical and scientific fact. I trained for many years with other prominent physicians labelled "opinion makers." Bombarded with scientific literature, continually attending education seminars, we opinion makers insisted heart disease resulted from the simple fact of elevated blood cholesterol. The only accepted therapy was prescribing medications to lower cholesterol and a diet that severely restricted fat intake. The latter of course we insisted would lower cholesterol and heart disease. Deviations from these recommendations were considered heresy and could quite possibly result in malpractice. It Is Not Working! These recommendations are no longer scientifically or morally defensible. The discovery a few years ago that inflammation in the artery wall is the real cause of heart disease is slowly leading to a paradigm shift in how heart disease and other chronic ailments will be treated. The long-established dietary recommendations have created epidemics of obesity and diabetes, the consequences of which dwarf any historical plague in terms of mortality, human suffering and dire economic consequences. Despite the fact that 25% of the population takes expensive statin medications and despite the fact we have reduced the fat content of our diets, more Americans will die this year of heart disease than ever before. Statistics from the American Heart Association show that 75 million Americans currently suffer from heart disease, 20 million have diabetes and 57 million have pre-diabetes. These disorders are affecting younger and younger people in greater numbers every year. Simply stated, without inflammation being present in the body, there is no way that cholesterol would accumulate in the wall of the blood vessel and cause heart disease © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner and strokes. Without inflammation, cholesterol would move freely throughout the body as nature intended. It is inflammation that causes cholesterol to become trapped. Inflammation is not complicated -- it is quite simply your body's natural defence to a foreign invader such as a bacteria, toxin or virus. The cycle of inflammation is perfect in how it protects your body from these bacterial and viral invaders. However, if we chronically expose the body to injury by toxins or foods the human body was never designed to process, a condition occurs called chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is just as harmful as acute inflammation is beneficial. What thoughtful person would wilfully expose himself repeatedly to foods or other substances that are known to cause injury to the body? Well, smokers perhaps, but at least they made that choice wilfully. The rest of us have simply followed the recommended mainstream diet that is low in fat and high in polyunsaturated fats and carbohydrates, not knowing we were causing repeated injury to our blood vessels. This repeated injury creates chronic inflammation leading to heart disease, stroke, diabetes and obesity. Let me repeat that: The injury and inflammation in our blood vessels is caused by the low fat diet recommended for years by mainstream medicine. What are the biggest culprits of chronic inflammation? Quite simply, they are the overload of simple, highly processed carbohydrates (sugar, flour and all the products made from them) and the excess consumption of omega-6 vegetable oils like soybean, corn and sunflower that are found in many processed foods. Take a moment to visualize rubbing a stiff brush repeatedly over soft skin until it becomes quite red and nearly bleeding. You kept this up several times a day, every day for five years. If you could tolerate this painful brushing, you would have a bleeding, swollen infected area that became worse with each repeated injury. This is a good way to visualize the inflammatory process that could be going on in your body right now. Regardless of where the inflammatory process occurs, externally or internally, it is the same. I have peered inside thousands upon thousands of arteries. A diseased artery looks as if someone took a brush and scrubbed repeatedly against its wall. Several times a day, every day, the foods we eat create small injuries compounding into more injuries, causing the body to respond continuously and appropriately with inflammation. While we savor the tantalizing taste of a sweet roll, our bodies respond alarmingly as if a foreign invader arrived declaring war. Foods loaded with sugars and simple carbohydrates, or processed with omega-6 oils for long shelf life have been the mainstay of the American diet for six decades. These foods have been slowly poisoning © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner everyone. How does eating a simple sweet roll create a cascade of inflammation to make you sick? Imagine spilling syrup on your keyboard and you have a visual of what occurs inside the cell. When we consume simple carbohydrates such as sugar, blood sugar rises rapidly. In response, your pancreas secretes insulin whose primary purpose is to drive sugar into each cell where it is stored for energy. If the cell is full and does not need glucose, it is rejected to avoid extra sugar gumming up the works. When your full cells reject the extra glucose, blood sugar rises producing more insulin and the glucose converts to stored fat. What does all this have to do with inflammation? Blood sugar is controlled in a very narrow range. Extra sugar molecules attach to a variety of proteins that in turn injure the blood vessel wall. This repeated injury to the blood vessel wall sets off inflammation. When you spike your blood sugar level several times a day, every day, it is exactly like taking sandpaper to the inside of your delicate blood vessels. While you may not be able to see it, rest assured it is there. I saw it in over 5,000 surgical patients spanning 25 years who all shared one common denominator -inflammation in their arteries. Let's get back to the sweet roll. That innocent looking goody not only contains sugars, it is baked in one of many omega-6 oils such as soybean. Chips and fries are soaked in soybean oil; processed foods are manufactured with omega-6 oils for longer shelf life. While omega-6's are essential -they are part of every cell membrane controlling what goes in and out of the cell -- they must be in the correct balance with omega-3's. If the balance shifts by consuming excessive omega-6, the cell membrane produces chemicals called cytokines that directly cause inflammation. Today's mainstream American diet has produced an extreme imbalance of these two fats. The ratio of imbalance ranges from 15:1 to as high as 30:1 in favor of omega-6. That's a tremendous amount of cytokines causing inflammation. In today's food environment, a 3:1 ratio would be optimal and healthy. To make matters worse, the excess weight you are carrying from eating these foods creates overloaded fat cells that pour out large quantities of pro-inflammatory chemicals that add to the injury caused by having high blood sugar. The process that began with a sweet roll turns into a vicious cycle over time that creates heart disease, © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner high blood pressure, diabetes and finally, Alzheimer's disease, as the inflammatory process continues unabated. There is no escaping the fact that the more we consume prepared and processed foods, the more we trip the inflammation switch little by little each day. The human body cannot process, nor was it designed to consume, foods packed with sugars and soaked in omega-6 oils. There is but one answer to quieting inflammation, and that is returning to foods closer to their natural state. To build muscle, eat more protein. Choose carbohydrates that are very complex such as colorful fruits and vegetables. Cut down on or eliminate inflammation-causing omega-6 fats like corn and soybean oil and the processed foods that are made from them. One tablespoon of corn oil contains 7,280 mg of omega-6; soybean contains 6,940 mg. Instead, use olive oil or butter from grass-fed beef. Animal fats contain less than 20% omega-6 and are much less likely to cause inflammation than the supposedly healthy oils labelled polyunsaturated. Forget the "science" that has been drummed into your head for decades. The science that saturated fat alone causes heart disease is non-existent. The science that saturated fat raises blood cholesterol is also very weak. Since we now know that cholesterol is not the cause of heart disease, the concern about saturated fat is even more absurd today. The cholesterol theory led to the no-fat, low-fat recommendations that in turn created the very foods now causing an epidemic of inflammation. Mainstream medicine made a terrible mistake when it advised people to avoid saturated fat in favor of foods high in omega-6 fats. We now have an epidemic of arterial inflammation leading to heart disease and other silent killers. What you can do is choose whole foods your grandmother served and not those your mom turned to as grocery store aisles filled with manufactured foods. By eliminating inflammatory foods and adding essential nutrients from fresh unprocessed food, you will reverse years of damage in your arteries and throughout your body from consuming the typical American diet. © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner Organic Food Misconception Number 16: Organic food is too expensive. source: http://www.ifoam.org/growing_organic/1_arguments_for_oa/criticisms_misconceptions/ misconceptions_no16.html Summary of Counter-Arguments: 1) The overall cost to society of producing food organically is actually lower than the cost of conventional production. The price of conventional food is artificially lowered by production-oriented subsidies. Better policies could address this problem. 2) For northern consumers, the organic premium is declining due to increasing economies of scale in processing and commercialization of organic products as the sector develops. Nevertheless, it is likely that a premium will remain due to additional certification costs, higher consumer demand, and more demanding production standards. 3) In developing countries, uncertified organic food is generally cheaper to produce and sold at the same price as conventional food. Details of Counter-Arguments: Conventional agriculture carries many hidden costs, such as the external environmental and social costs that such production systems create. These external costs are not included in the cost of production and in the final price because they remain externalities to the farm production system. One example of such an externality is the need for, and cost of, water treatment and environmental protection measures due to pesticide use in conventional farming; pesticide manufacturers pass on the costs of cleaning up pesticides to farmers, who pass it on to water companies, who in turn pass it on to consumers via water bills. In effect, the polluter gets a hidden subsidy from anyone who pays a water bill, while the non-polluter – the organic farmer – receives no such subsidy. The yearly total cost of removing pesticides from the water supply in the UK is £120 million. Another example is the BSE (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy) epidemic, which originated from a conventional practice aimed at reducing production costs by © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner feeding cows on rations that included meat and bone meal (that was contaminated), but resulted in a huge collective cost. On the contrary, prices of organic foods include not only the cost of the food production itself, but also a range of other factors that are not captured in the price of conventional food, such as: 1) Environmental enhancement and protection (and avoidance of future expenses to mitigate pollution) 2) Higher standards for animal welfare 3) Avoidance of health risks to farmers due to inappropriate handling of pesticides and to consumers due to a healthier food and water supply (and avoidance of future medical expenses) 4) Rural development by generating additional farm employment and assuring a fair and sufficient income to producers. A study carried out by Professor Jules Pretty calculated that the total hidden or “external” cost to the environment and to human health of organic farming was much lower than for conventional agriculture, probably no more than a third the cost, and that organic farming also has higher positive externalities [1]. The World Resources Institute, an environmental policy think tank, also reported that after accounting for all the external costs of soil loss, water contamination, and environmental degradation caused by conventional farming practices, the average farm shows a net loss instead of a net profit, which suggests that the total cost of food production to the society is much higher than current conventional food prices. If the hidden costs were included in the shelf price, consumers would be paying the real costs of food and organic food would be cheaper than conventional food because these additional costs are much lower. Certified organic food is generally sold at a premium price compared to conventional food, although in some cases, certified products can be cheaper. This price difference reflects both higher production costs due to alternative production practices (e.g., higher animal welfare standards, restricted use of chemicals, and soil fertility enhancement), and a higher demand from consumers for organic products. © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner In some cases, the price difference is the result of the specific willingness of consumers to pay higher prices and does not reflect a higher cost of production. This can be the case for instance in community-supported agriculture schemes where consumers agree with the farmer on the price of his or her products beforehand, keeping in mind the objective of establishing a local fair trade system and of encouraging the maintenance of agricultural families in rural areas. For non-certified organic food in developing countries, the situation is very different. There are many agricultural systems that fully meet the requirements of organic agriculture, but are not certified organic. The produce of these systems is usually consumed by the farming household or sold locally (e.g., in urban and village markets) at the same price as their conventional counterparts. Although the uncertified produce does not benefit from price premiums, some cases have been documented where non-certified Organic Agriculture increases productivity of the total farm agro-ecosystem and reduces the amount of purchased external inputs, which means that the production cost of these organic products is actually lower than that of conventional products. Most importantly, the true cost of a food product is not simply the price for which it is sold. It is widely acknowledged that the price of non-organic food is often influenced by subsidies and other public support schemes. National or regional programs and subsidies are mostly geared towards large-scale, chemically intensive agriculture, and artificially lower the price of conventional products. As an example, the European Union pays €40 billion a year towards agricultural subsidies under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Taxes-payers’ money is used to subsidize the production of farmers who mainly use non-organic farming practices. The taxpayer gains little in terms of environmental or health benefits. If this support were to be diverted away from production-linked aid towards support, that encourages all farmers to adopt more environmentally friendly forms of farming, such as organic, the price of organic food would be comparable to that of conventional products. Unfortunately, the current allocation for rural development program, which embodies some of these objectives, is just five percent of the total CAP budget. Organic agriculture is still facing unfair competition in the marketplace due to the competition distorting effect of current subsidy schemes. The organic supply chain currently suffers from costs linked to handling small quantities for niche markets. The greater diversity of enterprises in organic production means that economies of scale are less easily achieved. Post-harvest handling of relatively small quantities of organic foods results in higher costs, especially given the mandatory segregation of organic and conventional produce, particularly for processing and transportation. © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner Marketing and the distribution chain for organic products are relatively inefficient and costs are higher because of the relatively small volume. As demand for organic food and products increases and the sector develops, technological innovations and economies of scale are likely to reduce costs of production, processing, distribution, and marketing for organic produce. This phenomenon is already perceived by consumers in the main organic markets such as Germany and the US, where some organic products are now being sold through usual marketing channels. In conclusion, the price of organic food is not too high – rather, it is the price of conventional food that is too low. Consumers are in fact paying for non-organic food three times over, through the sticker price, taxation (which mainly subsidizes non-organic farming), and payments that remedy damage that conventional farming and food production has inflicted on the environment and human health. If the production, distribution, and trade systems accounted for the real environmental and social costs, consumers’ incentive to buy organic products would be triggered, because they would actually be less expensive than the conventional products. © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner The Differences between Natural supplements vs Synthetic Ones by Dr. Edward Group http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/natural-health/synthetic-vs-natural-vitamins/ What is a “Synthetic” Vitamin? Most vitamin and mineral supplements are manufactured synthetically with chemicals and do not come from food. They are made to mimic the way natural vitamins act in our bodies with only 50% efficiency. Natural vitamins however are derived directly from plant material. Many synthetic vitamins lack the transporters and co-factors associated with naturallyoccurring vitamins because they have been “isolated.” The Organic Consumers Association emphasizes that isolated vitamins cannot be used or recognized by the body in the same way as the natural version. The natural form come in groups of co factors - other vitamins, enzymes and minerals that control the way the body recognizes, metabolizes and uses them to make what it needs. Isolated vitamins can’t always be used by the body, and are either stored until you obtain or create the nutrients required to use them effectively or are excreted. Synthetic vitamins are also devoid of necessary trace minerals and must use the body’s own mineral reserves which may lead to mineral deficiencies. Synthetic versions of vitamins contain chemical compounds that were not meant for human consumption and do not occur in nature. Evolution has dictated that we eat the food we can gather from the earth, not the food we create in a lab. We might not always get what we’re expecting from synthetics. The synthetic version of Vitamin E is often referred to as the dl- form. The dl- form is a combination of the dform (which, by the way, is the naturally occurring form) and the l-form. No big deal, right? Well it might not be, except that the body doesn’t actually use the l-form- we excrete it! Fat soluble vitamins in their synthetic form are especially dangerous because they can build up in your fatty tissues and cause toxicity. The reason that the synthetic form is more dangerous is because you get a high, concentrated dose of the vitamin rather than the amount that you would get from a food-based form. Vitamins A, D, E and K are all fat soluble. Fat soluble vitamins are found naturally in butter, fish oils, nuts, and green leafy vegetables. © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner Excesses of fat soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues. Most people do not get sufficient amounts of fat soluble vitamins from their diet. How do I know if the vitamins I’m buying are synthetic or natural? The Organic Consumers Association has published an ingredient chart (see cheat sheets) to help consumers identify natural vs. synthetic vitamins. Many vitamin producers want you to believe that you are getting a “natural product” because it seems more wholesome to take “natural” vitamins. Unfortunately, vitamins can be labeled as natural if they contain as little as 10% of the natural form of the vitamin. This means that your “natural” vitamin could contain 90% of synthetically produced chemicals! B-Vitamins and Vitamin C are also usually synthetically produced. Common Synthetic Vitamins to Avoid: Take a minute and look at the supplements that you currently consume. Are the vitamins synthetic? Vitamin A: Acetate and Palmitate Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Thiamine Mononitrate, Thiamine Hydrochloride Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Riboflavin Pantothenic Acid: Calcium D-Pantothenate Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Vitamin B12: Cobalamin PABA (Para-aminobenzoic Acid): Aminobenzoic Acid Folic Acid: Pteroylglutamic Acid Choline: Choline Chloride, Choline Bitartrate Biotin: d-Biotin Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): Ascorbic Acid Vitamin D: Irradiated Ergosteral, Calciferol Vitamin E: dl-alpha tocopherol, dl-alpha tocopherol acetate or succinate NOTE: The “dl” form of any vitamin is synthetic. Other Toxic Ingredients to Avoid In Supplements: 1) Magnesium stearate (or stearic acid) inhibits immune response 2) Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) disguised as “natural flavors” 3) Carnauba wax is used in car wax and shoe polish 4) Titanium dioxide is a carcinogen © 2013 Nourish Mama. All rights reserved. Certified Nutritional Wisdom for the Childbearing Years® Practitioner