Children's and young people's occupations Self-care Eating and drinking Toileting Bathing/showering/washing Dressing Oral hygiene Nose care Nail care Hair care Personal device care (glasses, toothbrush) Health maintenance (avoiding danger, healthy lifestyle) Emergency response Rest and sleep Functional communication Asks for help States feelings Uses telephone Functional mobility Transfers - chair, toilet, bed, bath, car Opens/closes doors Stairs Carries objects Community mobility Level surfaces Rough/uneven surfaces Slopes/ramps Curbs Escalators Public transport Sexual expression Gender identity Sexual behaviour Productivity School/educational activities English KS 1,2,3,4 (except at KS1 in Welsh speaking schools) Welsh KS 1,2,3,4 Maths KS 1,2,3,4 Science KS 1,2,3,4 Technology (D&T, IT) KS 1,2 History KS 1,2 Geography KS 1,2 Art KS 1,2 Music KS 1,2 Physical Education KS 1,2,3,4 Modern foreign language KS 3 Personal, social & health education Religious education Home management Household chores Tidies house Cleans house Cooks Does laundry Care of others Helps teacher/parent/sibling/peer/friend Cares for sick sibling/parent/friend Cares for pets Vocational activities Volunteers within the community KS=key stage Compiled by Carolyn Dunford, Head of Research, The Children’s Trust, Tadworth (March, 2011) Play & leisure Exploratory play Social play Functional play Gross motor play Symbolic/pretend play Construction play Imaginary play Creative play Rough & tumble Games with rules Dramatic play Sports Crafts & hobbies Home based leisure TV Garden play Community based leisure Clubs Leisure centre activities Religious worship References: Child Development and Occupations Bayley, N. (1935) The development of motor abilities during the first three years. Society for Research in Childhood Monographs. 1, 1 pp1-26 Campbell SK (1997) Therapy programs for children that last a lifetime. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics 17(1) 1-15 Case-Smith (2010) Occupational Therapy for Children 6th ed. Missouri: Elsevier Mosby Coley I Proctor S (1989) Self maintenance activities In Pratt P & Allen A (eds) Occupational Therapy for Children St. Louis, Mosby Coster, W. (1998). Occupation-centred assessment of children. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52(5), 337-344. Dunford, C., Missiuna, C., Street, E., & Sibert, J. (2005). Children's perceptions of the impact of developmental coordination disorder on activities of daily living. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 68, (5) 207-214. Desha, L.N., & Ziviani, J.M. (2007). Use of time in childhood and adolescence: A literature review on the nature of activity participation and depression. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 54, 4-10. Gesell, A. et al. (1940) The first five years of life. New York: Harper and Row Gesell A Ilg F Ames LB (1965) The Child from Five to Ten London: Hamilton Griffiths R. (1967) Griffiths Mental Development Scales for Testing Babies and Young Children from Birth to Eight Years of Age. High Wycombe.The Test Agency. Henderson A Pehoski C (1995) Hand Function in the Child: Foundations for remediation. St Louis: Mosby Haley SM Coster WL Ludlow LH Haltwinger JT Andrellos PJ (1992) Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Boston New England USA Medicam Center Hospital Inc. and PEDI Research Group Herbert M (2003) Typical and Atypical Development. From conception to adolescence. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Humphry & Wakeford, (2006). An Occupation-centred discussion of development and implications for practice. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. Vol 60 (3). Compiled by Carolyn Dunford, Head of Research, The Children’s Trust, Tadworth (March, 2011) Kolehmainen N; Duncan E; McKee L; Francis J (2010) Mothers' perceptions of their children's occupational therapy processes: a qualitative interview study. British Journal of Occupational Therapy 73(5): 192-9 Larson, R.W. Verma, S. (1999) How children and adolescents spend time across the world: work, play and developmental opportunities. Psychological Bulletin 125 (6) pp701-736 NFER-Nelson (1987) Portage Early Education Programme Checklist Windsor, NFER-Nelson O'Brian, J.C., & Shirley, R.J. (2001). Does playfulness change over time? A preliminary look using the Test of Playfulness. The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 21(2), 132-139. Okimoto, A.M., Bundy, A., & Hanzlik. (1999). Playfulness in children with and without disability: Measurement and intervention. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54(1), 73-82. Pellegrini, A.D., & Smith, P.K. (1998). The development of play during childhood: Forms and possible functions. Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 3(2), 51-57. Rodger, S. (2010) Occupation-centred Practice with Children: A Practical Guide for Occupational Therapists Chichester; Wiley-Blackwell Rodger, S. & Ziviani J. (2006) Occupational Therapy with Children Understanding Children’s Occupations and Enabling Participation. Oxford; Blackwell Sheridan, Mary D. (2007) From birth to five years: children's developmental progress London: Routledge Stagnitti K. & Cooper R. (2009) Play as Therapy (pp. 218-233). London: Kingsley. Wiseman J Davis J and Polatajko H (2005) Occupational development: Towards an understanding of children’s doing Journal of Occupational Science 12(1) 2635 Compiled by Carolyn Dunford, Head of Research, The Children’s Trust, Tadworth (March, 2011)